Article(id=1227591810697065079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591806980915649, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308038, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1692288000000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-18, revisedDate=1699804800000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1770610295223, onlineDateStr=2026-02-09, pubDate=1757433600000, pubDateStr=2025-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1770610295223, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-02-09, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1770610295222, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610295222, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1227591806980915649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, year='2025', volume='38', issue='9', pageStart='1935', pageEnd='2204', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1770610294337, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1770610356968, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1227592069754057532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591806980915649, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1227592069754057533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, issueId=1227591806980915649, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=2064, endPage=2071, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1227591811946967687, articleId=1227591810697065079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, language=EN, title=Love wave propagation in piezoelectric layered structures and its application in mass sensing, columnId=null, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

With the advantages of small size, light weight, flexible design and excellent frequency selectivity, surface acoustic wave devices are widely used in radar, communication, non-destructive testing, electronic countermeasures, TV signal processing and other fields. For exploring the application of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices in mass sensing, the Love wave propagation in a piezoelectric layered structure is systematically investigated from perspectives of theoretical analysis and numerical examples. As for the theoretical model consisting of an additional mass layer, a piezoelectric sensing layer and a semi-infinite elastic half-space, the exact solution that simultaneously satisfy the dynamic governing equations and the continuous conditions between layers is established, and the phase velocity of Love waves is obtained.Then,the three-layer structure is degenerated into two-layer structure by stepwise degradation method, and the correctness of the theory is verified by comparing with the results of previous paper. After validation, the influence of structural and material parameters of the additional mass layer on Love wave phase velocity is conducted, including the thickness, shear modulus, density, and dielectric coefficient. Finally, an approximate method with only consideration of the inertial effect of the additional mass layer is developed, with its applicable condition demonstrated. It is revealed via numerical examples that the Love wave is very sensitive to the thickness of the additional mass layer, while the dielectric coefficient has minimal influence on the phase velocity. Additionally, the phase velocity decreases linearly when the density of the additional mass layer increases. The approximate method proposed in this paper exhibits good universality, which simplifies the wave solving, and can possess high computational accuracy when the additional mass layer is thin. The results and methods in this paper can provide guidance for the application of SAW devices in mass sensing.

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为了探索声表面波器件在质量传感中的应用,本文应用理论分析和数值计算的方法系统研究了压电层合结构中Love波的传播特性。以附加质量层/压电敏感层/半无限大弹性半空间结构作为研究对象,构建理论解用以满足每层的动力学控制方程以及层与层之间的连续性边界条件,得到Love波传播的相速度方程;在验证了相速度方程的正确性后,参数化分析了附加质量层的结构参数和材料参数对Love波相速度的影响,包括厚度、剪切模量、密度、介电系数等;给出了仅考虑附加质量层惯性作用下Love波频散方程的近似求解方法,并分析了其适用区间。研究结果表明:Love波对附加质量层的厚度特别敏感,而其介电系数对Love波的相速度几乎没有影响,且Love波的相速度随附加质量层密度的增大线性减小。本文给出的仅考虑附加质量层惯性的理论分析模型具有普适性,不仅在附加质量层很薄的情况下具有较高的计算精度,而且还可使求解过程得到大大简化。相关结果和方法能够为声表面器件在质量传感中的应用提供参考。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
钱征华(1980—),男,博士,教授。 E-mail:
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汪殊楠(2000—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

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汪殊楠(2000—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

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Material parameters

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参数SiO2PZT-7聚乙烯
弹性常数/GPa31.2025.001.28
密度/(kg·m−3)220078001180
压电常数/(C·m−2)13.5
介电常数/(nF·m−1)3.317.12.0
固有波速/(m·s−1)3765.92138.01041.5
), ArticleFig(id=1227653069924663877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1225147924628267009, articleId=1227591810697065079, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

材料参数

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参数SiO2PZT-7聚乙烯
弹性常数/GPa31.2025.001.28
密度/(kg·m−3)220078001180
压电常数/(C·m−2)13.5
介电常数/(nF·m−1)3.317.12.0
固有波速/(m·s−1)3765.92138.01041.5
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压电层合结构中Love波的传播及其在质量传感中的应用研究
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汪殊楠 1 , 李鹏 1 , 马廷锋 2 , 钱征华 1 , 陈震 3, 4
振动工程学报 | 2025,38(9): 2064-2071
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振动工程学报 | 2025, 38(9): 2064-2071
压电层合结构中Love波的传播及其在质量传感中的应用研究
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汪殊楠1 , 李鹏1, 马廷锋2, 钱征华1 , 陈震3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.南京航空航天大学航空航天结构力学及控制全国重点实验室,江苏 南京 210016
  • 2.宁波大学冲击与安全工程教育部重点实验室,浙江 宁波 315211
  • 3.中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心,江苏 南京 211106
  • 4.航空机电系统综合航空科技重点实验室,江苏 南京 211106
  • 汪殊楠(2000—),男,博士研究生。E-mail:

通讯作者:

钱征华(1980—),男,博士,教授。 E-mail:
Love wave propagation in piezoelectric layered structures and its application in mass sensing
Shu’nan WANG1 , Peng LI1, Tingfeng MA2, Zhenghua QIAN1 , Zhen CHEN3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Impact and Safety Engineering, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
  • 3.AVIC Jincheng Nanjing Engineering Institute of Aircraft System, Nanjing 211106, China
  • 4.Aviation Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero Electromechanical System Integration, Nanjing 211106, China
出版时间: 2025-09-10 doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308038
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为了探索声表面波器件在质量传感中的应用,本文应用理论分析和数值计算的方法系统研究了压电层合结构中Love波的传播特性。以附加质量层/压电敏感层/半无限大弹性半空间结构作为研究对象,构建理论解用以满足每层的动力学控制方程以及层与层之间的连续性边界条件,得到Love波传播的相速度方程;在验证了相速度方程的正确性后,参数化分析了附加质量层的结构参数和材料参数对Love波相速度的影响,包括厚度、剪切模量、密度、介电系数等;给出了仅考虑附加质量层惯性作用下Love波频散方程的近似求解方法,并分析了其适用区间。研究结果表明:Love波对附加质量层的厚度特别敏感,而其介电系数对Love波的相速度几乎没有影响,且Love波的相速度随附加质量层密度的增大线性减小。本文给出的仅考虑附加质量层惯性的理论分析模型具有普适性,不仅在附加质量层很薄的情况下具有较高的计算精度,而且还可使求解过程得到大大简化。相关结果和方法能够为声表面器件在质量传感中的应用提供参考。

Love波  /  声表面波器件  /  相速度

With the advantages of small size, light weight, flexible design and excellent frequency selectivity, surface acoustic wave devices are widely used in radar, communication, non-destructive testing, electronic countermeasures, TV signal processing and other fields. For exploring the application of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices in mass sensing, the Love wave propagation in a piezoelectric layered structure is systematically investigated from perspectives of theoretical analysis and numerical examples. As for the theoretical model consisting of an additional mass layer, a piezoelectric sensing layer and a semi-infinite elastic half-space, the exact solution that simultaneously satisfy the dynamic governing equations and the continuous conditions between layers is established, and the phase velocity of Love waves is obtained.Then,the three-layer structure is degenerated into two-layer structure by stepwise degradation method, and the correctness of the theory is verified by comparing with the results of previous paper. After validation, the influence of structural and material parameters of the additional mass layer on Love wave phase velocity is conducted, including the thickness, shear modulus, density, and dielectric coefficient. Finally, an approximate method with only consideration of the inertial effect of the additional mass layer is developed, with its applicable condition demonstrated. It is revealed via numerical examples that the Love wave is very sensitive to the thickness of the additional mass layer, while the dielectric coefficient has minimal influence on the phase velocity. Additionally, the phase velocity decreases linearly when the density of the additional mass layer increases. The approximate method proposed in this paper exhibits good universality, which simplifies the wave solving, and can possess high computational accuracy when the additional mass layer is thin. The results and methods in this paper can provide guidance for the application of SAW devices in mass sensing.

Love wave  /  surface acoustic wave device  /  phase velocity
汪殊楠, 李鹏, 马廷锋, 钱征华, 陈震. 压电层合结构中Love波的传播及其在质量传感中的应用研究. 振动工程学报, 2025 , 38 (9) : 2064 -2071 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308038
Shu’nan WANG, Peng LI, Tingfeng MA, Zhenghua QIAN, Zhen CHEN. Love wave propagation in piezoelectric layered structures and its application in mass sensing[J]. Journal of Vibration Engineering, 2025 , 38 (9) : 2064 -2071 . DOI: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308038
声表面波(surface acoustic wave,SAW)一般被认为是在介质表面产生和传播,且振幅随深度增加而迅速减小的弹性波[1]。与沿固体介质内部传播的体声波(bulk acoustic wave,BAW)比较,SAW具有能量密度高、传播速度慢等特点,可用作延迟线、滤波器、振荡器等。这类器件被统称为声表面波器件,具有体积小、质量轻、频率选择性优良等优点,被广泛应用于雷达、通信、无损检测、电子对抗、信号处理等领域[2-3]
作为SAW的一种,Love波是在半无限大介质之上出现低速层的情况下而存在的一种横波,其质点的振动方向在水平面内且垂直于波的传播方向,其能量主要集中在表面的低速层及半无限介质的表面,振幅会随深度的增加以指数形式衰减[4]。由于Love波具有单一方向的位移,振动形式简单易激励,在SAW器件当中被大量采用。例如,刘建生等[5]设计了一种波导层不连续的Love波延迟线,试验证明了该延迟线能有效地降低插入损耗。HUANG等[6]理论分析了含碳纤维环氧复合材料结构的Love波传感器的频散关系、质量灵敏度、最佳波导层厚度和频率温度系数等指标,提出了一种Love波器件波导/基底系统,该系统可以在相对较小的频率温度系数下保持高质量灵敏度。国内外针对Love波器件的力学特性开展了一系列学术研究,主要集中在多层结构多物理场下Love波的求解方法[7-8]及存在条件[9-10]、非均匀介质及各向异性介质中Love波的传播特性[11-12]、材料和结构的内部因素(如初应力和非理想连接)对波传播特性的影响[13-14]等,主要是通过理论分析、数值计算、有限元仿真或实验研究,探索Love波传播深层次的物理机制,为其在实际功能器件中的应用提供技术基础。
此外,Love波对外界环境也比较敏感,如温度、黏性液体等。温度可以改变材料参数,进而影响波的传播速度[15];黏性液体可以与Love波耦合,既可以改变波速,还可以加速波的衰减[16]。利用Love波对这些外界因素的敏感程度,SAW器件还可制成温度及液体传感器。为了拓展SAW器件在质量传感领域中的应用,探索Love波对置于其表面负载的敏感程度,本文参照CHEN等[17]对于质量层的分析处理,从理论分析和数值计算的角度研究了压电层合结构中Love波的传播特性,以期为质量负载物理特性的检测及SAW波器件的结构设计提供参考。
本文针对附加质量层、压电薄膜、弹性基底组成的层合结构开展理论分析,通过构建满足Love波动力学控制方程和边界条件的理论解,得到Love波的相速度方程;其次,应用数值模拟手段求解其频散关系,并详细讨论附加质量层对Love波相速度的影响,寻求相速度改变量与附加质量层厚度、剪切模量、密度、介电系数的量化关系;最后,给出仅考虑附加质量层惯性影响下的Love波传播的近似求解方法,以期为工程应用提供便利。
SAW器件的主体结构为覆盖压电薄膜的弹性基底,一般说来,压电薄膜的厚度H(2)远小于弹性基底,且表面波的能量主要集中在薄膜及基底的上表面,所以在理论分析过程中常将弹性基底视为半无限大结构,如图1所示。其中:压电薄膜为横观各向同性材料,其极化方向为z轴正向。本文主要研究Love波在图1结构中传播的特性,以期能够检测表面附加质量层H(3)的物理性质。
图1所示结构中的Love波,其非零的位移分量w(x,y,t)和电势函数φ(x,y,t)需要满足如下控制方程:
{c442w+e152φ=ρw¨e152wε112φ=0
式中,c44e15ε11ρ分别为弹性常数、压电常数、介电常数、密度;t表示时间;2为二维拉普拉斯算子。相应地,应力分量σzx、电位移分量Dx可通过下式计算得到[18]
{σzx=c44wx + e15φxDx=e15wxε11φx
对于弹性材料,式(1)和(2)依然成立,此时压电系数e15=0,位移场与电场解耦,弹性系数c44为剪切模量μ。为了方便,本文用下标1、2、3来区分弹性基底、压电薄膜、附加质量层中的密度ρ,固有剪切波波速c,波数比b;用下标1、3来区分弹性基底、附加质量层中的剪切模量μ和介电常数ε
考虑x + 的边界条件,弹性基底中的位移和电势函数可表达为[19]
{w(1)=A1ekb1xexp[ik(yct)]φ(1)=A2ekxexp[ik(yct)]
式中,Love波沿y轴正向传播;A1A2为待定系数;k为波数;i为虚数单位;c表示Love波的相速度;b1=1c2/c12c1=μ1/ρ1为弹性基底中的固有剪切波波速)。应用式(2),弹性基底的应力分量和电位移分别为:
{σzx(1)=μ1kb1A1ekb1xexp[ik(yct)]Dx(1)=ε1kA2ekxexp[ik(yct)]
对于压电薄膜,其位移和电势函数可表示为[20]
{w(2)=[A3cosh(kb2x)+A4sinh(kb2x)]exp[ik(yct)]φ(2)={e15ε11[A3cosh(kb2x)+A4sinh(kb2x)]+[A5cosh(kx)+A6sinh(kx)]}exp[ik(yct)]
式中,A3A4A5A6为待定常数;b2=1c2/c22c2=c¯44/ρ2为压电薄膜中的固有剪切波波速;c¯44=c44 + e152/ε11)。由此可得压电薄膜中的应力分量和电位移分量:
{σzx(2) = {c¯44kb2[A3sinh(kb2x)+A4cosh(kb2x)]+e15k[A5sinh(kx)+A6cosh(kx)]}exp[ik(yct)]Dx(2) = ε11k[A5sinh(kx)+A6cosh(kx)]exp[ik(yct)]
假设位移与电势的解具有f(x)exp[ik(yct)]的形式,代入控制方程(1),最终可得到的附加质量层的位移和电势函数为:
{w(3)=[A7sin(kb3x)+A8cos(kb3x)]exp[ik(yct)]φ(3)=[A9sinh(kx)+A10cosh(kx)]exp[ik(yct)]
式中,A7A8A9A10为待定常数;b3=c2/c321c3=μ3/ρ3为附加质量层的固有剪切波波速)。进一步,利用式(2)可以得到应力和电位移分量分别为:
{σzx(3)=kb3μ3[A7cos(kb3x)A8sin(kb3x)]exp[ik(yct)]Dx(3)=ε3k[A9cosh(kx)+A10sinh(kx)]exp[ik(yct)]
弹性基底、压电敏感层及附加质量层之间理想连接,则在x=0和x=−H(2)处位移、电势、应力和电位移连续,即
{x=0:w(1)=w(2),φ(1)=φ(2),σzx(1)=σzx(2),Dx(1)=Dx(2)x=H(2):w(2)=w(3),φ(2)=φ(3),σzx(2)=σzx(3),Dx(2)=Dx(3)
此外,附加质量层的上表面外力为零,且不受任何外界电场干扰,则:
x=(H(2) + H(3)):σzx(3)=0,Dx(3)=0
将式(3)~(8)代入上述边界条件(9)和(10),可以得到如下关于待定常数A1~A10的方程组:
{A1=A3A2=e15A3/ε11+A5c¯44b2A4+e15A6+μ1b1A1=0ε1A2+ε11A6=0A3cosh(kb2H(2))A4sinh(kb2H(2))+A7sin(kb3H(2))A8cos(kb3H(2))=0e15[A3cosh(kb2H(2))A4sinh(kb2H(2))]/ε11+[A5cosh(kH(2))A6sinh(kH(2))]+A9sinh(kH(2))A10cosh(kH(2))=0c¯44[A4cosh(kb2H(2))b2A3sinh(kb2H(2))b2]+e15[A6cosh(kH(2))A5sinh(kH(2))]μ3[A7cos(kb3H(2))b3+A8sin(kb3H(2))b3]=0ε11[A6cosh(kH(2))A5sinh(kH(2))]ε3[A9cosh(kH(2))A10sinh(kH(2))]=0A7cos[kb3(H(2) + H(3))]+A8sin[kb3(H(2) + H(3))]=0A9cosh[k(H(2) + H(3))]=A10sinh[k(H(2) + H(3))]
式(11)是十元一次线性齐次方程,包含A1~A10共10个待定系数,为使其具有非零解,要求系数矩阵的行列式等于零,从而得到其相速度方程。为了求解方便,本文对其进行进一步理论推导,简化为4×4的矩阵M,进而求得其相速度方程为:
det(M)=0
式中,M的各个分量见附录。
一方面,如果令附加质量层的厚度H(3)为零,则式(12)可退化为如下的解析表达式:
[μ1b1+c¯44b2tanh(kb2H(2))][1+ε11tanh(kH(2))/ε1]e152tanh(kH(2))/ε11=0
式(13)为压电薄膜/弹性基底中Love波的相速度方程,与文献[12]的结果完全一致。
另一方面,如果令压电层的厚度为零,则式(12)可退化为:
1+μ3b3tanh(kb3H(3))/(μ1b1)=0
该式即为经典的弹性层/弹性半空间结构中Love 波的相速度方程[21]。上述两方面间接地证明了本文理论推导的正确性。
本文的弹性基底、压电敏感层、附加质量层分别选用SiO2、PZT-7、聚乙烯三种材料,其材料参数如表1所示[22-24],剪切波波速分别为c1=3765.9 m/s、c2=2138.0 m/s、c3=1041.5 m/s。采用二分法求解相速度方程式(12),得到的不同kH(3)情况下相速度随无量纲波数kH(2)的变化趋势如图2所示。由此可见:当kH(3)=0,即没有附加质量层时,随着压电薄膜厚度的增加,Love波的模态个数周期性地增加,且各阶模态的相速度由弹性基底的固有剪切波波速c1逐渐减小为压电薄膜的固有剪切波波速c2,完全符合Love波传播的一般规律,这说明本文的理论推导和数值算法都是正确的。当PZT-7表面附加聚乙烯时,Love波各阶模态的相速度均减小,这是因为随着弹性层厚度的增加,整个结构的“负载”也增加了,所以波传播的速度变慢了。此外,随着附加质量层厚度的增大,高阶模态会提前出现,例如,在没有附加质量层的情况下,当kH(2)=2.21时,二阶Love波开始出现;而对于kH(3)=0.4的情况,当kH(2)=1.76时,二阶Love波就已经开始出现。
本文的目的在于研究附加质量层对SAW器件中Love波传播特性的影响,以期能够用波的传播特性来检测附加质量层的物理性质。为了定量化分析,本文采用相速度的改变量Δc=cc0(其中c0表示当附加质量层厚度为零时的Love波相速度)来衡量附加质量层厚度对Love波传播特性的影响,不同工况下Δc的变化如图3所示。由图3(a)可见,相同附加质量层厚度下,高阶模态的相速度变化量要大于低阶模态,这是因为高阶模态的速度值要大于低阶模态。一般说来,高阶模态在使用过程中不容易被激发,所以本文将着重讨论附加质量层对Love波第1阶模态的影响。
图3(b)为不同压电敏感层厚度情况下Δc随附加质量层厚度的变化趋势,由此可见:相速度的改变量与H(3)之间呈现非线性关系,H(3)越大,相速度的改变量越大;且压电层H(2)越小,H(3)对Love波的影响越显著,这是因为H(2)越小,Love波的频散特性越显著。因此,在SAW器件用于传感时,在保证结构有效刚度的前提下,应尽量减小压电敏感层,以保证有较高的检测灵敏度。
Love波第1阶模态的相速度改变量Δc随附加质量层剪切模量、密度、介电系数的变化规律如图4所示,其中Δc=0的位置分别对应聚乙烯的剪切模量为1.28 GPa、密度为1180 kg/m3、介电系数为2.0 nF/m。由此可见:剪切模量的增加、密度和介电系数的减小均会使Love波传播得更快,这是因为三者会同时增加整体结构的等效剪切模量;此外,Love波对附加质量层的剪切模量和密度的变化敏感性更高,对介电系数的敏感性有所降低,即图4(a)和(b)中相速度的改变量要大于图4(c),这是因为附加质量层直接与压电敏感层相接触,其附加的电场对器件本身电场影响很小。值得注意的是,图4(b)中Δc与密度的变化趋势呈线性,并且Love波对密度的变化敏感性较高,因此,只需通过不同直线的斜率即可较为精确地推断出密度的改变量,无需重复测量,这给工程应用中密度的检测带来了诸多便利。综合图4,SiO2和PZT-7组成的声表面波器件更合适于检测附加质量的厚度、弹性系数及密度。
由上述分析可见,由SiO2和PZT-7构成的声表面器件可以用来检测附加质量层的厚度及材料参数;但其相速度方程(12)过于复杂,这给问题的求解带来了诸多不便。为了简化模型,同时考虑到工程应用中附加质量层的厚度很小,本文仅考虑附加质量层的惯性影响,即[25]
x=H(2):σzx(2)=ρ3H(3)w¨(2),Dx(2)=0
于是,将理论解(3)~(6)代入到x=0的连续性条件及式(15),可得:
{A1=A3A2=e15A3/ε11+A5c¯44b2A4+e15A6+μ1b1A1=0ε1A2+ε11A6=0c¯44[A4cosh(kb2H(2))b2A3sinh(kb2H(2))b2]+e15[A6cosh(kH(2))A5sinh(kH(2))]=ρ3H(3)kc2[A4sinh(kb2H(2))A3cosh(kb2H(2))]ε11[A6cosh(kH(2))A5sinh(kH(2))]=0
该方程组有非零解的条件是方程组系数矩阵行列式为零,由此可得相速度方程为:
[c¯44b2ρ3H(3)kc2tanh(kb2H(2))][μ1b1ε1+μ1b1ε11·tanh(kH(2))ε1e152ε11tanh(kH(2))]+[c¯44b2tanh(kb2H(2))ρ3H(3)kc2][c¯44b2ε1+c¯44b2ε11tanh(kH(2))]=0
当附加质量层的厚度H(3)=0时,式(17)可以退化为式(13),从某种程度上验证了本文理论结果的正确性。本文以电学短路为例得到了近似解式(17),对于电学开路情况,只需要将x=H(2)处的边界条件Dx(2)=0改为φ(2)=0,其他条件不变。限于篇幅,这里不再一一赘述。
采用与上一节相同的材料,给定kH(3)=0.4,应用式(17)、(12)及(13)计算出的频散曲线的对比如图5所示。由此可见:在附加质量层厚度恒定的情况下,随着压电层厚度的增大,式(17)及(12)两种方法计算出的结果差别越来越小;此外,应用式(17)计算的相速度数值要大于式(12)的结果,这是因为附加质量层会减小Love波的传播速度,但式(17)只考虑了附加质量层的惯性效应,并没有考虑附加质量层弹性系数的影响,其对波速的降低程度有所减弱,因此其计算结果要大于式(12)。总体来看,当附件质量层的厚度远小于压电敏感层的厚度时,应用式(17)可以比较好地预测压电层合结构中波传播的物理特性,这为实际工程中Love波的求解提供了很大程度的方便。
本文定义相速度的误差Δc′=c(17)c(12),其中,c(17)c(12)分别代表应用式(17)和(12)计算出的Love波的相速度值。图6给出了kH(2)=5情况下应用两种方法计算出来的Love波不同阶模态的相速度误差随H(3)/H(2)的变化趋势,由此可见,附加质量层与敏感层的厚度比直接影响着式(17)的计算准确度。高阶模态的Δc′要大于低阶模态,这说明应用式(17)只考虑惯性效应会给Love波高阶模态的求解带来比较大的误差,特别是当附加质量层比较厚时。
为了进一步量化分析,图7给出了Love波第一阶模态的Δc′随附加质量层与敏感层的厚度比H(3)/H(2)的变化趋势。根据图7,可以给出本文近似算法式(17)的适用区间。例如,对于由SiO2基底和PZT-7压电敏感层构成的声表面波器件,在工作频率和PZT-7的厚度确定的情况下(即kH(2)恒定),假设kH(2)=5,如果相速度误差的临界值取为8 m/s,则本文式(17)的适用区间为H(3)/H(2)<0.09,即当附加质量层的厚度H(3)小于0.09H(2)时,可以使用式(17)进行近似求解;而当附加质量层的厚度H(3)大于0.09H(2)时,式(17)不再适用,必须应用式(12)进行Love波相速度的精确求解。
本文仅以8 m/s这一相速度误差的临界值为例进行分析,所得到的H(3)/H(2)<0.09也仅限于本文工况,如果声表面波器件的结构、工作频率发生改变,或速度误差的临界值发生改变,H(3)的适用区间需要重新计算;但本文给出来的分析方法可用于薄膜和弹性基底构成的Love波器件在质量传感领域中速度的求解,具有广泛的适用性。
为了检测表面附加质量层的物理性质,本文应用理论分析和数值模拟的方法研究了典型SAW器件中Love波的传播特性。首先经过严格的理论推导,给出了弹性半空间、压电敏感层、附加质量层组成的层合结构中Love波的相速度方程,并与已有文献进行对比,验证了理论结果的正确性;在基础上,以SiO2基底和PZT-7层构成的SAW器件为例,详细讨论了附加质量层为聚乙烯时,其厚度、剪切模量、密度、介电系数对Love波传播特性的影响;最后,给出了仅考虑附加质量层的惯性影响下的近似求解方法及其适用区间,使Love波的求解得到了极大的简化。本文的主要结论如下所述:
(1) 相比于剪切模量、密度和介电系数,Love波对附加质量层的厚度变化最为敏感,而附加质量层的介电系数对Love波的相速度几乎没有影响;
(2) 第一阶Love波相速度的改变量随附加质量层密度的变化呈线性关系,并且Love波对密度的变化敏感性较高,这为工程中密度的检测提供了便利;
(3) 本文给出了仅考虑附加质量层惯性影响的理论分析模型及其适用区间,该模型具有普适性,且分析计算简洁,在附加质量层很薄的情况下具有较高的计算精度。
本文的方法及结果能够为SAW器件的结构设计及其在传感中的应用提供技术指导,相关的仿真结果以期能够在后续的试验中得到进一步的验证。
  • 国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFE0111000)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(12172171)
  • 航空科学基金资助项目(20200028052011)
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2025年第38卷第9期
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doi: 10.16385/j.cnki.issn.1004-4523.202308038
  • 接收时间:2023-08-18
  • 首发时间:2026-02-09
  • 出版时间:2025-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-18
  • 修回日期:2023-11-13
基金
国家重点研发计划资助项目(2023YFE0111000)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(12172171)
航空科学基金资助项目(20200028052011)
作者信息
    1.南京航空航天大学航空航天结构力学及控制全国重点实验室,江苏 南京 210016
    2.宁波大学冲击与安全工程教育部重点实验室,浙江 宁波 315211
    3.中国航空工业集团公司金城南京机电液压工程研究中心,江苏 南京 211106
    4.航空机电系统综合航空科技重点实验室,江苏 南京 211106

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钱征华(1980—),男,博士,教授。 E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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