Article(id=1244336751804789581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1673020800000, receivedDateStr=2023-01-07, revisedDate=1677772800000, revisedDateStr=2023-03-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774602600288, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1759248000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774602600288, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774602600288, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774602600288, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244336743298740932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='855', pageEnd='1056', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774602598261, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603435030, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244340253042000577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244340253042000578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=922, endPage=928, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244336752081613657, articleId=1244336751804789581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, language=EN, title=Mechanical Fault Diagnosis of In‑wheel Motor Based on Weibull Kernel Function and MCSVDD, columnId=1244336744728998604, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration,Measurement and Diagnosis, columnName=PAPER, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to monitor the operation state of each wheel motor in distributed drive electric vehicle and ensure the safety of the vehicle,a fault diagnosis method of in-wheel motor based on improved multi-class support vector data description (MCSVDD) is proposed. The method incorporates two major improvements. First,a classification judgment rule based on the minimum distance to the cluster center within the class is proposed using the affinity propagation (AP) clustering algorithm to enhance MCSVDD. Second,a Weibull kernel function is constructed from the Weibull distribution to optimize data description model. Meanwhile,a dimensionality reduction method based on minimum-distance propagation discriminant projection (MPDP) is proposed for the multi-dimensional feature set of in-wheel motor operating state,which improves the separability of in-wheel motor fault states under different working conditions. Finally,in-wheel motors with typical bearing faults are customized respectively to collect vibration signals under 7 rotating speeds for verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the reduced dimension data's separability of observed samples of in-wheel motor operating state based on MPDP is better than that of linear discriminant analysis (LDA),minimum-distance discriminant projection (MDP) and locality preserving projection (LPP),and the recognition accuracy of MCSVDD's state recognition system based on Weibull kernel function is higher than that of polynomial and Gaussian kernel function.

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为监测分布式驱动电动汽车中轮毂电机运行状态,确保整车运行安全,提出一种基于改进的多类支持向量数据描述(multi⁃class support vector data description,简称MCSVDD)的轮毂电机故障诊断方法。首先,针对MCSVDD算法的改进,基于近邻传播(affinity propagation,简称AP)聚类算法提出了MCSVDD以“距离类内簇中心最小”的类别判断法则,并基于Weibull函数构造了Weibull核函数,用于优化数据描述模型;其次,针对轮毂电机运行状态的多维特征参数组,提出一种基于最小距离传播鉴别投影(minimum⁃distance propagation discriminant projection,简称MPDP)的降维法,提高了不同工况下轮毂电机故障状态的可分性;最后,定制带有典型轴承故障的轮毂电机,采集7种工况下的振动信号,验证所提出方法的有效性。结果表明:基于MPDP降维后的轮毂电机运行状态观测样本的可分性优于线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis,简称LDA)、局部保持投影(locality preserving projection,简称LPP)及最小距离鉴别投影(minimum⁃distance discriminant projection,简称MDP)方法,基于Weibull核函数的MCSVDD状态识别系统的识别精度整体高于基于多项式和高斯核函数的MCSVDD系统。

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薛红涛,男,1978年9月生,博士、教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向为智能网联汽车安全和故障诊断自动化技术、状态识别安全评估等。 E-mail:
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刘炳晨,男,1998年3月生,硕士。主要研究方向为人工智能与故障智能诊断技术等。曾发表《Diagnosis method based on hidden Markov model and Weibull mixture model for mechanical faults of in-wheel motor》(《Measurement Science and Technology》2022,Vol.33)等论文。 E-mail:

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刘炳晨,男,1998年3月生,硕士。主要研究方向为人工智能与故障智能诊断技术等。曾发表《Diagnosis method based on hidden Markov model and Weibull mixture model for mechanical faults of in-wheel motor》(《Measurement Science and Technology》2022,Vol.33)等论文。 E-mail:

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刘炳晨,男,1998年3月生,硕士。主要研究方向为人工智能与故障智能诊断技术等。曾发表《Diagnosis method based on hidden Markov model and Weibull mixture model for mechanical faults of in-wheel motor》(《Measurement Science and Technology》2022,Vol.33)等论文。 E-mail:

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Performance comparison of MCSVDD algorithms based on different kernel functions

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数据集多项式核函数高斯核函数Weibull核函数
名称类别精度/%t/ms精度/%t/ms精度/%t/ms
Iris100.0367100.0379100.0350
75.075.075.0
90.090.095.0
Wine86.736586.736086.7355
73.366.773.3
100.0100.0100.0
Seeds55.039655.039765.0389
45.040.080.0
85.085.085.0
), ArticleFig(id=1244351839261541164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336751804789581, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基于不同核函数的MCSVDD算法性能比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据集多项式核函数高斯核函数Weibull核函数
名称类别精度/%t/ms精度/%t/ms精度/%t/ms
Iris100.0367100.0379100.0350
75.075.075.0
90.090.095.0
Wine86.736586.736086.7355
73.366.773.3
100.0100.0100.0
Seeds55.039655.039765.0389
45.040.080.0
85.085.085.0
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基于Weibull核函数与MCSVDD的轮毂电机故障诊断
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刘炳晨 , 薛红涛 , 丁殿勇
振动、测试与诊断 | 论文 2025,45(5): 922-928
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振动、测试与诊断 | 论文 2025, 45(5): 922-928
基于Weibull核函数与MCSVDD的轮毂电机故障诊断
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刘炳晨 , 薛红涛 , 丁殿勇
作者信息
  • 江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院 镇江,212013
  • 刘炳晨,男,1998年3月生,硕士。主要研究方向为人工智能与故障智能诊断技术等。曾发表《Diagnosis method based on hidden Markov model and Weibull mixture model for mechanical faults of in-wheel motor》(《Measurement Science and Technology》2022,Vol.33)等论文。 E-mail:

通讯作者:

薛红涛,男,1978年9月生,博士、教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向为智能网联汽车安全和故障诊断自动化技术、状态识别安全评估等。 E-mail:
Mechanical Fault Diagnosis of In‑wheel Motor Based on Weibull Kernel Function and MCSVDD
Bingchen LIU , Hongtao XUE , Dianyong DING
Affiliations
  • School of Automotive and Traffic Engineering,Jiangsu University Zhenjiang,212013,China
出版时间: 2025-10-01 doi: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.009
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为监测分布式驱动电动汽车中轮毂电机运行状态,确保整车运行安全,提出一种基于改进的多类支持向量数据描述(multi⁃class support vector data description,简称MCSVDD)的轮毂电机故障诊断方法。首先,针对MCSVDD算法的改进,基于近邻传播(affinity propagation,简称AP)聚类算法提出了MCSVDD以“距离类内簇中心最小”的类别判断法则,并基于Weibull函数构造了Weibull核函数,用于优化数据描述模型;其次,针对轮毂电机运行状态的多维特征参数组,提出一种基于最小距离传播鉴别投影(minimum⁃distance propagation discriminant projection,简称MPDP)的降维法,提高了不同工况下轮毂电机故障状态的可分性;最后,定制带有典型轴承故障的轮毂电机,采集7种工况下的振动信号,验证所提出方法的有效性。结果表明:基于MPDP降维后的轮毂电机运行状态观测样本的可分性优于线性判别分析(linear discriminant analysis,简称LDA)、局部保持投影(locality preserving projection,简称LPP)及最小距离鉴别投影(minimum⁃distance discriminant projection,简称MDP)方法,基于Weibull核函数的MCSVDD状态识别系统的识别精度整体高于基于多项式和高斯核函数的MCSVDD系统。

轮毂电机  /  振动信号  /  故障诊断  /  最小距离传播鉴别投影  /  多类支持向量数据描述  /  Weibull核函数

In order to monitor the operation state of each wheel motor in distributed drive electric vehicle and ensure the safety of the vehicle,a fault diagnosis method of in-wheel motor based on improved multi-class support vector data description (MCSVDD) is proposed. The method incorporates two major improvements. First,a classification judgment rule based on the minimum distance to the cluster center within the class is proposed using the affinity propagation (AP) clustering algorithm to enhance MCSVDD. Second,a Weibull kernel function is constructed from the Weibull distribution to optimize data description model. Meanwhile,a dimensionality reduction method based on minimum-distance propagation discriminant projection (MPDP) is proposed for the multi-dimensional feature set of in-wheel motor operating state,which improves the separability of in-wheel motor fault states under different working conditions. Finally,in-wheel motors with typical bearing faults are customized respectively to collect vibration signals under 7 rotating speeds for verifying the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the reduced dimension data's separability of observed samples of in-wheel motor operating state based on MPDP is better than that of linear discriminant analysis (LDA),minimum-distance discriminant projection (MDP) and locality preserving projection (LPP),and the recognition accuracy of MCSVDD's state recognition system based on Weibull kernel function is higher than that of polynomial and Gaussian kernel function.

in-wheel motor  /  vibration signal  /  fault diagnosis  /  minimum-distance propagation discrimination projection  /  multi-class support vector data description  /  Weibull kernel function
刘炳晨, 薛红涛, 丁殿勇. 基于Weibull核函数与MCSVDD的轮毂电机故障诊断. 振动、测试与诊断, 2025 , 45 (5) : 922 -928 . DOI: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.009
Bingchen LIU, Hongtao XUE, Dianyong DING. Mechanical Fault Diagnosis of In‑wheel Motor Based on Weibull Kernel Function and MCSVDD[J]. Journal of Vibration,Measurement and Diagnosis, 2025 , 45 (5) : 922 -928 . DOI: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.009
目前,面对资源短缺和环境污染等问题,发展电动汽车成为汽车工业的主流趋势,而轮毂电机驱动电动汽车具有效率高、结构紧凑及控制灵活等优势,可有效降低车辆能耗、提高整车布局及优化空间布置,成为电动汽车的研究热点13。然而,轮毂电机因安装部位和工作特性特殊,极易诱发零件受损和机械故障,进而影响车辆正常运行4。因此,有必要建立有效的轮毂电机运行状态的实时监测和故障诊断系统。
为实现轮毂电机状态的精确识别,基于振动信号分析提取故障特征是关键步骤5。多维度状态监测信息极大提高了故障诊断的精度,但在一定程度上降低了系统的响应速度,因此数据降维成为数据预处理的关键步骤。王建元等6使用LDA对数据样本进行降维处理,通过最小化类内散度和最大化类间散度构建一个最佳的投影矩阵,可防止出现特征维数较高致使识别时间较长及分类效率较低的问题。LDA是基于整体样本结构的降维算法,但其无法考量样本的局部流形结构。针对此缺陷,吴春志等7通过LPP算法对多尺度信号进行降维,以较小的计算损耗获得较好的数据聚类效果。但LPP只参照了样本的局部结构,而没有考虑有利于分类的类别信息。石明宽等8提出一种整合LDA与LPP算法优势的MDP算法,引入类间与类内相似度权重,同时表征样本与类中心的距离关系以及类间距与类内距的关系。笔者结合AP聚类算法,提出MPDP降维算法,在传统的MDP算法中引入邻域簇,充分考虑了类别信息和空间结构信息。
在实际工程中,数据描述和单类分类问题得到了较快发展。文献[911]使用支持向量数据描述算法,通过计算构造超球体边界,实现了目标数据和非目标数据的分类。对于包含多个样本类的目标数据集,传统的SVDD只能对目标数据集给出一个描述,而忽略了目标数据集中不同样本类之间的描述。为了实现多类分类问题,文献[1213]应用多类支持向量数据描述,构造多个超球体,可实现两类及以上样本的同时分类识别。MCSVDD引入了不同的核函数,将样本从输入空间映射到高维特征空间。目前,高斯核函数、多项式核函数等常运用于MCSVDD算法14。然而,高斯核函数可以映射到无限维,但可解释性差,容易过拟合;多项式核函数可通过主观设置幂数来实现总体的预判,但不适应于大数量级的幂数。Weibull分布被广泛应用于可靠性工程以及数据相关的拟合,调整其比例参数和形状参数,既可以映射到无限维,又避免了过拟合。此外,Weibull核函数对数据点特征相似的敏感性强、区分度高15
在轮毂电机故障诊断领域中,振动信号蕴含丰富的状态信息,常被用于监测轮毂电机的运行状态和故障识别1617。笔者结合轮毂电机的真实运行场景,提取了轮毂电机振动信号的多个特征参数,并提出了MPDP算法和基于Weibull核函数的MCSVDD故障诊断系统。
设一个高维样本集X分为C个类别,第cD维样本集,样本的类内散度矩阵Sw、类间散度矩阵Sb分别定义为
其中:为第c类的第i个样本;分别为与类内中心点、第kkc)类中心点的相似度权重。
通常情况下,为对应类的样本均值。MDP的目标函数为
计算的前t个较大特征值所对应的特征向量,构建MDP算法的特征矩阵,得到投影后的第c类样本集可表示为
笔者基于MDP算法,将样本间的近邻关系以及样本的局部结构信息作为参考指标,提出了MPDP算法。传统的k⁃近邻方式构建邻域是基于样本点最近欧式距离的k个点作为近邻点,需要人为选定聚类个数和k18。本研究利用AP聚类算法,基于不同样本之间传递的信息选出聚类中心,构造样本邻域。AP聚类邻域构造法既不需要提前设置聚类个数,又能以原样本点作为最终的聚类中心1920
对于第cD维样本集Xc,通过AP算法迭代可得到Hc个簇及簇的中心点。定义第i簇的样本集,对应的中心点为。于是,类内与类间散度矩阵分别为
其中:为第c类中第i簇样本集的均值,即类内局部均值;中每个样本的相似度权重;为第i簇样本集的样本均值,即类间局部均值;中每个样本的相似度权重。
分别为
其中:t为所有样本之间欧式距离均值的平方;σ为可调节参数(0<σ<1)。
定义MPDP目标函数为
计算的前t个较大特征值所对应的特征向量,构建MPDP算法的特征矩阵,得到样本集X的主投影矩阵。记第c类样本集投影后的主投影矩阵为,则二者之间的关系可表示为
将由MPDP算法投影后的主投影矩阵Y作为输入,每类主投影矩阵Yc被描述成一个封闭而紧凑的超球体,使Yc的样本点全部或尽可能多地包含在该球体内。其目标函数为
其中:scrc分别为第c类超球体的球心和半径;为松弛变量;pc为惩罚参数。
引入核函数Kyiyj)来代替内积运算,则式(9)的对偶形式为
对式(10)对应的二次规划问题进行求解,可获得C个超球体。其中,第c类球心和半径分别为
对于某一个测试点z,经过特征矩阵投影后得到,再计算测试点与超球体中心sc之间距离,即
传统方式是比较的大小关系,若,则该测试点就属于c21。当同时小于多个超球体半径时,若这些超球体混叠在一起仍然按照简单的比较法,容易出现错误分类。因此,本研究基于AP聚类算法,细化测试点与混叠在一起的每一个超球体内各簇中心之间的距离,寻找距离最小的簇及簇中心,进而确定测试点的所属类,降低了误判率。假设l l≥2)个超球体混叠在一起,且对应的所属类分别为q1q2,…,ql,通过AP聚类算法得到混叠的第j个超球体中第i簇()样本集的中心点为,投影后的中心点为,则测试点与簇中心之间的距离为
通过式(13)计算测试点与每个混叠超球体对应的l类中各簇中心的距离,测试点与簇中心之间的最小距离为
该测试点的所属类为q*,此为MCSVDD算法的类别判断法则。
MCSVDD将原空间的非线性问题转换成高维空间的线性问题,该过程离不开核函数。目前,MCSVDD使用的多项式、高斯等核函数会出现过拟合和不适应大幂数的情况,而Weibull函数是可靠性分析和寿命检验的理论基础,广泛应用于各类机电设备的磨损累计失效和寿命试验数据处理中22。基于MPDP算法处理后的各类样本数据分布特征差异大,难以使用统一数据分布类型,且类间球心距较近,特征相似度高,难以采用多项式、高斯等常用核函数进行描述。因此,本研究基于Weibull函数构建了一种Weibull核函数,即
其中:β为比例参数;γ为形状参数(γ为正整数)。
根据式(15)计算可得到核函数矩阵,该矩阵是一个对角元素为1的对称矩阵,其半正定性也易证明。因此,Weibull核函数满足Mercer定理,是一个有效的核函数。
图1为不同参数下Weibull核函数曲线。当γ=1和γ=3时,核函数值随着横坐标的增大而减小,且β越大曲线越平缓,为全局核函数;当γ=2和γ=4时,核函数具有对称性,其对称轴为yi-yj=0,且随着β的增大,函数曲线更加平缓。当γ=2时为高斯核函数,可见高斯核函数是Weibull核函数的一个特例。Weibull核函数在γ为奇数时为全局核函数,可提取样本的全局特征;在γ为偶数时为局部核函数,可提取样本的局部特征。选择适当的Weibull核函数参数,便可统一描述不同类型的数据分布。
为了验证所提方法的鲁棒性和有效性,通过加州大学欧文分校用于机器学习的数据库选择3个数据集,对比分析基于多项式、高斯核函数的MCSVDD算法。基于不同核函数的MCSVDD算法性能比较见表1。整体上看,Weibull核函数较其他两类核函数的MCSVDD识别精度均有所提高,运行时间也稍快一些。从局部情况分析,基于Weibull核函数的MCSVDD算法具有较强的鲁棒性,如Seeds数据集的第Ⅱ类样本特征不明显,且与第Ⅰ、第Ⅲ类样本混叠程度大,基于多项式和高斯核函数的MCSVDD识别精度均不超过50%,而基于Weibull核函数的MCSVDD识别精度达到80%。可见,基于Weibull核函数的MCSVDD算法既有较高的分类能力,又有较强的鲁棒性。
为了验证基于MPDP和Weibull核函数的MCSVDD诊断方法的有效性,以轮毂电机典型的轴承故障(内圈故障、滚动体故障和外圈故障)为研究对象,搭建轮毂电机试验台架,如图2所示。分别采集轮毂电机在20 N·m负载、7种转速工况(100~700 r/min)和4种状态(正常状态、内圈故障、滚动体故障及外圈故障,分别记为S1、S2、S3和S4)下的振动信号,其中:采样频率为12.8 kHz;采样时间为20 s。
首先,选用振动信号常用的特征参数,包括4个时域特征参数(有效值P1、峰值P2、极大值的尖度P3、极大/极小值P4)和4个频域特征参数(单位时间内通过率P5、波形的稳定性指数P6、功率谱平方和的均方根值P7、总功率谱P8),组成轮毂电机运行状态的特征参数组{P1P2,…,P8}。基于轮毂电机的轴承故障特征,以4 096个采样点为1个状态观测样本,计算对应的8个特征参数。于是,轮毂电机在每种状态下可获得45个状态观测样本,其中前30个状态观测样本作为MCSVDD诊断模型的训练样本,其余作为测试样本。
其次,基于MPDP方法将8维的训练样本进行降维处理。根据试验中轮毂电机4种不同运行状态,设定低维空间的维数为3,并按照次序分别记为第1投影、第2投影和第3投影;同时,将可调节参数σ的更新步长设置为0.1,基于试验数据获得σ的最优参数为0.7,进而确立MPDP算法的特征矩阵AMPDP,即
最后,基于特征矩阵AMPDP分别将轮毂电机4种运行状态的训练样本进行降维,获得MCSVDD诊断模型的3维训练集。运用差分进化算法2324,设置种群规模为100,进化代数为50,变异算子为0.5,交叉算子为0.2,寻优Weibull核函数的比例参数βi和形状参数γi以及MCSVDD模型的惩罚系数pi i=1,2,3,4,分别表示正常状态、内圈故障状态、滚动体故障状态和外圈故障状态)。以100 r/min转速工况(记为工况1,其他转速工况类似表示)为例,轮毂电机4种运行状态下对应Weibull核函数的最优比例参数为β1=5.548,β2=5.641,β3=4.762,β4=2.594;形状参数为γ1=5,γ2=6,γ3=8,γ4=2;MCSVDD模型的惩罚系数p1=0.871,p2=0.528,p3=0.923,p4=0.589。以此类推,获得其他转速工况下MCSVDD诊断模型参数,进而确定轮毂电机运行状态识别系统。
基于轮毂电机4种运行状态在7种转速工况下的所有测试样本采用已确定的MPDP算法特征矩阵AMPDP进行降维,逐一输入轮毂电机运行状态MCSVDD识别系统,可获得测试样本对应的轮毂电机运行状态。对每种转速工况下轮毂电机运行状态的诊断结果进行统计,得到相应的状态识别率。不同工况的状态识别率如图3所示。
由图可知,MCSVDD状态识别系统在7种转速工况下对轮毂电机4种运行状态的识别率基本保持在95%以上,仅在100 r/min转速工况下轮毂电机轴承内圈故障和外圈故障的识别率低于95%,但也完全满足工程要求。轮毂电机的转速工况对MCSVDD状态识别系统有一定影响,其主要原因是基于车辆工程的实际应用,试验数据采用统一的处理方法,无法规避在特定转速工况下接近轮毂电机固有频率的问题。
为验证本研究所提MPDP降维方法的有效性,针对工况1选择常用降维方法如LDA、MDP及LPP进行比较。不同降维方法降维后的数据分布如图4所示。可以看出,LDA降维后的轮毂电机正常状态观测样本和内圈状态故障观测样本仍有一定的混叠,MDP和LPP降维后的轮毂电机4种运行状态观测样本混叠程度比较严重,而MPDP降维后的各种状态观测样本完全分离开,且每种状态自身的观测样本更加紧凑。其他工况下也得到类似的结论。文献[25]提出了空间特征集的类内距离、类间距离和可分性参数,可分性参数越大代表特征集的可分性越好。通过计算,工况1下通过LDA、MDP、LPP和MPDP方法进行降维后的数据集可分性参数分别为0.177 2、0.001 1、0.106 1和0.193 1。由此可见,基于MPDP降维后的状态观测样本具有较好的可分性。
为研究不同核函数对MCSVDD分类性能的影响,分别基于多项式、高斯核函数和Weibull核函数搭建MCSVDD状态识别系统,轮毂电机试验数据经前期处理后,分别输入各系统。基于多项式和高斯核函数的MCSVDD算法,使用差分进化法寻找最优的多项式核函数阶数Di和高斯核函数尺寸参数τi以及对应MCSVDD模型的惩罚系数pii=1,2,3,4),再使用相同的轮毂电机状态观测样本,得到基于不同核函数的MCSVDD系统识别精度,如图5所示。其中工况1下轮毂电机4种运行状态对应的多项式核函数阶数为D1=3,D2=2,D3=2,D4=3;MCSVDD模型的惩罚系数为p1=0.906,p2=0.685,p3=0.804,p4=0.739;最终得到轮毂电机4种运行状态识别率分别为80.0%、91.1%、97.8%及91.1%。同样,高斯核函数尺寸参数为τ1=2.610,τ2=2.895,τ3=1.142,τ4=7.165;MCSVDD模型的惩罚系数为p1=0.203,p2=0.406,p3=0.950,p4=0.982;最终得到轮毂电机4种运行状态的识别率分别为97.8%、91.1%、95.6%及91.1%。
图3图5可以看出,基于Weibull核函数的MCSVDD状态识别系统的识别精度整体高于其他两类核函数的MCSVDD系统,进一步验证了基于Weibull核函数的MCSVDD算法的有效性。
1) 利用AP聚类算法优化了MDP算法,提出了MPDP降维方法,可以充分挖掘类别信息和空间结构信息,提高了多维数据的可分性。
2) 基于Weibull核函数的MCSVDD分类器分类精度高、鲁棒性强,提出了MCSVDD以“距离类内簇中心最小”的类别判断法则,并基于Weibull函数构造了Weibull核函数。
3) 基于MCSVDD的轮毂电机状态识别系统既适应于多转速工况,又具有较高的故障识别精度,有利于分布式驱动系统状态在线监测。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51775245)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.009
  • 接收时间:2023-01-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-07
  • 修回日期:2023-03-03
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51775245)
作者信息
    江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院 镇江,212013

通讯作者:

薛红涛,男,1978年9月生,博士、教授、博士生导师。主要研究方向为智能网联汽车安全和故障诊断自动化技术、状态识别安全评估等。 E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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