Article(id=1244336750890431284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1682438400000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-26, revisedDate=1684944000000, revisedDateStr=2023-05-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774602600070, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1759248000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774602600070, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774602600070, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774602600070, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244336743298740932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='855', pageEnd='1056', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774602598261, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603435030, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244340253042000577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244340253042000578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=969, endPage=975, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244336752886920058, articleId=1244336750890431284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, language=EN, title=Study on Transient Vibration Suppression Method of Vertical Axis Washing Machine, columnId=1244336744728998604, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration,Measurement and Diagnosis, columnName=PAPER, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The transient vibration of a vertical axis washing machine is strong in the dehydration process,so a new planar variable damping structure is proposed to reduce the transient vibration. Firstly,the kinetic energy and potential energy of various rigid bodies of the washer are deduced,the generalized forces of the suspension structure are described,the force of the liquid balancer is analyzed,and the vibration model of the vertical axis washing machine is established using Lagrange's equation. The working principle of the planar damping structure is explored,its damping force is described and its suppression effect on transient vibration of the washer is verified. Secondly,the influence of the planar damping structure on dynamic characteristics of the washer is evaluated,the bifurcation theory is employed to analyze stability of the system. Furthermore,the distributions of the stable regions of the system is analyzed,and the appropriate disengaging speed range of the damping structure is obtained. Finally,the effect of the damping structure for suppressing transient suppression of the washer is validated though experiments,and the appropriate disengaging speed of the structure is analyzed. The results show that the planar damping structure can suppress transient vibrations effectively with little influence on other dynamic characteristics of the washer.

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为了抑制波轮洗衣机脱水启动阶段的剧烈瞬态振动,提出了一种新型平面变阻尼结构。首先,推导了波轮洗衣机各类刚体的动能、势能和悬挂系统的广义力,分析了液体平衡环作用力,并运用拉格朗日方程建立了波轮洗衣机整机振动模型;其次,阐述了平面变阻尼结构的原理及其广义力,验证了其对波轮洗衣机瞬态振动的抑制作用;然后,为评估平面阻尼结构对波轮洗衣机固有特性的改变,运用分岔理论分析了其对系统稳定性的影响,得到了系统参数稳定区分布情况以及平面变阻尼结构合适的转速脱离区间;最后,搭建了实验样机平台,验证了瞬态减振效果,并确定了脱离转速。结果表明,平面变阻尼结构可显著抑制波轮洗衣机瞬态振动,且对整机其他动态特性的影响很小。

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陈海卫,男,1982年9月生,博士、副教授。主要研究方向为机电系统分析与控制、振动分析与控制等。E-mail:
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远勋亭,男,1997年6月生,硕士生。主要研究方向为机械系统振动分析与控制。曾发表《Design and analysis of an active balancing mechanism for a vertical axis washing machine》(《International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing》2023,Vol.7,No.23)等论文。 E-mail:

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远勋亭,男,1997年6月生,硕士生。主要研究方向为机械系统振动分析与控制。曾发表《Design and analysis of an active balancing mechanism for a vertical axis washing machine》(《International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing》2023,Vol.7,No.23)等论文。 E-mail:

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远勋亭,男,1997年6月生,硕士生。主要研究方向为机械系统振动分析与控制。曾发表《Design and analysis of an active balancing mechanism for a vertical axis washing machine》(《International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing》2023,Vol.7,No.23)等论文。 E-mail:

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Dynamic analysis and simulation of top loaded washing machine[J]. China Mechanical Engineering200213(23): 2033-2035.(in Chinese), articleTitle=Dynamic analysis and simulation of top loaded washing machine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1244351865673068897, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336750890431284, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=35, issue=7, pageStart=2781, pageEnd=2792, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=11, authorNames=CHEN H W, CHEN Y B, SUN Z, journalName=Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN H WCHEN Y BSUN Zet al. Automatic balancing of a flexible supported rotor with two disks by two ball balancers[J]. 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figureFileBig=Y+Z8y9yi6mTVog9/IRD7xQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244351861499736382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336750890431284, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同下最大瞬态振幅的变化, figureFileSmall=aTaR7cCjp5GdkXwNqnjDfw==, figureFileBig=Y+Z8y9yi6mTVog9/IRD7xQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244351861558456639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336750890431284, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Two-parameter bifurcation diagram showing variations of and when the planar damping structure is not considered, figureFileSmall=fzPMzRdbJNjQDjFXvZvrmA==, figureFileBig=m3vHqBdyOwl87uKS5Mxe/Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244351861692674368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336750890431284, language=CN, label=图6, caption=未安装平面阻尼结构时转速和球体质量的双参数分岔图, figureFileSmall=fzPMzRdbJNjQDjFXvZvrmA==, figureFileBig=m3vHqBdyOwl87uKS5Mxe/Q==, tableContent=null), 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Parameters of the system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称符号/单位默认值
刚体1质量/kg11.17
刚体1惯量/(kg·m2)0.50,0.47,0.30
刚体2质量/kg6.38
刚体2惯量/(kg·m2)0.32,0.33,0.27
吊杆轴向阻尼系数/((N·s)·m-1)200
吊杆球铰阻尼系数Cp/((N·m·s)·rad-1)0.5
吊杆弹簧刚度Ks/(N·m-1)4 600
偏心高度hu/m0.1
偏心质量mu/m0.5
偏心中心距ru/m0.2
洗衣机转速/Hz10
), ArticleFig(id=1244351863110349140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336750890431284, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

系统基本参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称符号/单位默认值
刚体1质量/kg11.17
刚体1惯量/(kg·m2)0.50,0.47,0.30
刚体2质量/kg6.38
刚体2惯量/(kg·m2)0.32,0.33,0.27
吊杆轴向阻尼系数/((N·s)·m-1)200
吊杆球铰阻尼系数Cp/((N·m·s)·rad-1)0.5
吊杆弹簧刚度Ks/(N·m-1)4 600
偏心高度hu/m0.1
偏心质量mu/m0.5
偏心中心距ru/m0.2
洗衣机转速/Hz10
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波轮洗衣机瞬态振动抑制方法研究
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远勋亭 1, 2 , 陈海卫 1, 2 , 朱璟 1, 2 , 史亚成 3 , 张信杰 3
振动、测试与诊断 | 论文 2025,45(5): 969-975
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振动、测试与诊断 | 论文 2025, 45(5): 969-975
波轮洗衣机瞬态振动抑制方法研究
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远勋亭1, 2 , 陈海卫1, 2 , 朱璟1, 2, 史亚成3, 张信杰3
作者信息
  • 1江南大学机械工程学院 无锡,214122
  • 2江苏省食品先进制造装备技术重点实验室 无锡,214122
  • 3无锡小天鹅电器有限公司 无锡,214028
  • 远勋亭,男,1997年6月生,硕士生。主要研究方向为机械系统振动分析与控制。曾发表《Design and analysis of an active balancing mechanism for a vertical axis washing machine》(《International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing》2023,Vol.7,No.23)等论文。 E-mail:

通讯作者:

陈海卫,男,1982年9月生,博士、副教授。主要研究方向为机电系统分析与控制、振动分析与控制等。E-mail:
Study on Transient Vibration Suppression Method of Vertical Axis Washing Machine
Xunting YUAN1, 2 , Haiwei CHEN1, 2 , Jing ZHU1, 2, Yacheng SHI3, Xinjie ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Jiangnan University Wuxi,214122,China
  • 2.Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Food Manufacturing Equipment and Technology Wuxi,214122,China
  • 3.Wuxi Little Swan Electric Appliance Co.,Ltd. Wuxi,214028,China
出版时间: 2025-10-01 doi: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.015
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为了抑制波轮洗衣机脱水启动阶段的剧烈瞬态振动,提出了一种新型平面变阻尼结构。首先,推导了波轮洗衣机各类刚体的动能、势能和悬挂系统的广义力,分析了液体平衡环作用力,并运用拉格朗日方程建立了波轮洗衣机整机振动模型;其次,阐述了平面变阻尼结构的原理及其广义力,验证了其对波轮洗衣机瞬态振动的抑制作用;然后,为评估平面阻尼结构对波轮洗衣机固有特性的改变,运用分岔理论分析了其对系统稳定性的影响,得到了系统参数稳定区分布情况以及平面变阻尼结构合适的转速脱离区间;最后,搭建了实验样机平台,验证了瞬态减振效果,并确定了脱离转速。结果表明,平面变阻尼结构可显著抑制波轮洗衣机瞬态振动,且对整机其他动态特性的影响很小。

洗衣机  /  瞬态振动  /  振动抑制  /  变阻尼结构  /  稳定性分析

The transient vibration of a vertical axis washing machine is strong in the dehydration process,so a new planar variable damping structure is proposed to reduce the transient vibration. Firstly,the kinetic energy and potential energy of various rigid bodies of the washer are deduced,the generalized forces of the suspension structure are described,the force of the liquid balancer is analyzed,and the vibration model of the vertical axis washing machine is established using Lagrange's equation. The working principle of the planar damping structure is explored,its damping force is described and its suppression effect on transient vibration of the washer is verified. Secondly,the influence of the planar damping structure on dynamic characteristics of the washer is evaluated,the bifurcation theory is employed to analyze stability of the system. Furthermore,the distributions of the stable regions of the system is analyzed,and the appropriate disengaging speed range of the damping structure is obtained. Finally,the effect of the damping structure for suppressing transient suppression of the washer is validated though experiments,and the appropriate disengaging speed of the structure is analyzed. The results show that the planar damping structure can suppress transient vibrations effectively with little influence on other dynamic characteristics of the washer.

washing machine  /  transient vibration  /  vibration suppression  /  variable damping structure  /  stability analysis
远勋亭, 陈海卫, 朱璟, 史亚成, 张信杰. 波轮洗衣机瞬态振动抑制方法研究. 振动、测试与诊断, 2025 , 45 (5) : 969 -975 . DOI: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.015
Xunting YUAN, Haiwei CHEN, Jing ZHU, Yacheng SHI, Xinjie ZHANG. Study on Transient Vibration Suppression Method of Vertical Axis Washing Machine[J]. Journal of Vibration,Measurement and Diagnosis, 2025 , 45 (5) : 969 -975 . DOI: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.015
波轮洗衣机在脱水启动过程中常伴随强烈的瞬态振动,往往会造成桶体和箱体的碰撞,严重影响用户的使用体验。随着内桶洗涤容量的增大,箱体与桶体间的间隙不断被压缩。如何减小瞬态振动、降低桶体与箱体间的碰撞成为迫切需要解决的问题。
针对滚筒洗衣机,Nygards1设计了一种磁流变阻尼器,并提出了一种变阻尼控制策略,为临界转速附近及以下区域控制阻尼器提供较大阻尼力,当转速超过临界转速后,控制阻尼力减小,大幅降低了洗衣机的瞬态振动。Bui等2设计了一种自适应磁流变阻尼器,将永久磁铁固定在阻尼杆两端,在大振幅的情况下,由于更多磁铁的介入使阻尼力较大,反之小振幅的情况下,会降低阻尼力。Buskiewicz等3针对滚筒洗衣机悬挂系统,设计了一款半主动阻尼器,可在电机驱动下介入或脱离,达到阻尼动态调整的目的。刘铸等4分析了启动加速度对滚筒洗衣机瞬态脱水振动的影响,提出分段式加速控制策略和基于传感器的闭环控制策略,结果表明,两种控制策略对滚筒洗衣机瞬态振动均具有良好的抑制作用。Michalczyk等5分析了球体平衡环对滚筒洗衣机脱水瞬态振动的影响,提出了一种考虑驱动功率限制的相位控制方法,并证明了其对抑制振幅突变的有效性。
针对波轮洗衣机,王卫华等6提出了一种新型阻尼器,将其安装在箱体和4支吊杆上,当瞬态振动过大时,吊杆的摆动会使阻尼器产生摩擦阻尼,避免桶体因振动过大而撞击箱体。Kim等7通过安装4个水平阻尼器,可降低35%~45%的低速瞬态振动。
目前,波轮洗衣机瞬态振动抑制方案多为定阻尼结构67,虽然对启动阶段的瞬态振动有较好的抑制作用,但在高速阶段会对悬挂系统的隔振性能产生较大影响,使得箱体振幅增大。针对此问题,笔者提出了一种平面型变阻尼结构,在低速阶段,通过重力的作用介入来抑制瞬态振动;在高速阶段,通过控制的作用脱离,实现稳态振动的隔离,达到了良好的变阻尼控制效果。
波轮洗衣机结构和坐标系如图1所示,主要由洗涤/脱水单元、悬挂系统和箱体等部分组成。洗涤/脱水单元包括盛水桶、脱水桶、平衡环、电机及离合器等;悬挂系统包括4支吊杆,吊杆上端通过球铰连接箱体,下端通过球铰连接盛水桶。
创建如图1所示的2个坐标系:参考坐标系Orxryrzr和动坐标系Odxdydzd8。参考坐标系固结于大地,原点为Or,坐标轴zr与盛水桶静止时的轴线重合;动坐标系固结在盛水桶上,设4支吊杆的下悬挂点位于平面,坐标轴zd与盛水桶的轴线重合,动坐标系的原点Od位于平面和坐标轴zd的交点。采用欧拉角描述动坐标系相对于参考坐标系的姿态。
盛水桶的电机定子和离合器等与动坐标系Odxdydzd固结,为描述方便,将此类部件全部等效为刚体1,在其质心处建立局部坐标系Olxlylzl,其动能
其中:sym表示对称矩阵;,为广义坐标;对时间t的导数;为刚体1质量;为质心在动坐标系Odxdydzd中的位置矢量;的单位矩阵;为动坐标系Odxdydzd相对于参考坐标系Orxryrzr的姿态描述矩阵;为欧拉角导数与刚体角速度间的转换矩阵;为局部坐标系Olxlylzl相对于动坐标系Odxdydzd的姿态描述矩阵;为等效刚体1的惯性张量。
刚体1的重力势能为
其中:为重力加速度;方向的分量;为行向量,其为中第3行所有元素。
脱水桶、电机转子、衣物偏心和平衡环壳体等刚体通过旋转副与动坐标系Odxdydzd相连,跟随电机绕zd轴转动,将这些部件等效为刚体2,其动能T2
其中: 为刚体2质量;为刚体质心在动坐标系Odxdydzd中的位置矢量;为脱水桶旋转角度;,为刚体的广义坐标;为刚体旋转轴在动坐标系Odxdydzd中的方向矢量。
刚体2的重力势能为
波轮洗衣机的悬挂部分由4支吊杆组成,每支吊杆主要包括钢杆、顶部支座、底部支座、弹簧座和阻尼器等。吊杆顶部支座和底部支座分别通过球铰与箱体顶部和盛水桶底部相连。根据文献[8],4支吊杆产生的广义力为
其中:分别为第支吊杆的广义力、下悬挂点的位置、桶体在下悬挂点处受到的力与力偶。
波轮洗衣机平衡环内的介质为液体,环内液体在离心力的作用下会对系统产生力的作用。液体的总惯性力为
其中:为液体的总质量;为平衡环内液体总质心在参考系Orxryrzr中的加速度矢量;
液体的惯性力偶为
其中:为液体质心在动坐标系Odxdydzd中的位置矢量。
平衡环内液体的广义力为
设脱水转速符合线性加速规律,将式(1)~(5)和式(8)代入第2类拉格朗日方程,并利用坐标缩减法将坐标移除,得到波轮洗衣机脱水振动模型为
其中:为系统总质量矩阵;,为系统总广义力;,为系统总重力势能;为与脱水角速度和角加速度的相关项。
笔者设计的平面变阻尼结构如图2所示。该结构由平面阻尼板、导轨及气缸组成,整体安装在波轮洗衣机盛水桶上方,2个气缸对角安装在波轮洗衣机箱体内壁。低速阶段时阻尼板在重力作用下与盛水桶顶部接触,提供阻尼力来抑制盛水桶的瞬态振动;高速阶段时阻尼板在气缸的作用下与盛水桶脱离,避免振动传导至箱体,实现了变阻尼控制的目的。
平面变阻尼结构受力简图如图3所示。其中,Ft为平面阻尼板产生的阻尼力,作用于盛水桶顶部中心Q,方向与盛水桶的运动方向相反。Q在参考坐标系下的位置矢量为
其中:,为动坐标系原点Od在参考坐标系下的位置;rqQ在动坐标系Odxdydzd下的相对坐标。
对式(10)求导,得Q处的速度矢量为
其中:,为欧拉角。
平面阻尼力在参考坐标系下主要作用于xOy平面。点Q在参考坐标系x⁃O⁃y平面内的速度为
设平面阻尼系数为,则盛水桶在Q点处受到的阻尼力可描述为
平面阻尼力对盛水桶产生的力偶为
平面变阻尼结构提供的广义力为
将式(15)代入式(9),得到添加平面阻尼结构后的振动方程为
波轮洗衣机的系统基本参数见表1。取盛水桶外侧上方一点P作为观测点,其在动坐标系中的位置矢量P点在参考坐标系下的振动位移为
波轮洗衣机盛水桶在xy方向的振动情况类似,这里针对x方向振动位移进行分析。平面阻尼结构对盛水桶水平方向振动的影响如图4所示。由图4(a)可以看出,在脱水启动阶段,系统会产生强烈的瞬态振动,其中最大瞬态振幅为13 mm;由图4(b)可以看出,其最大瞬态振幅减小到8.8 mm,衰减了32.3%。
设盛水桶瞬态振幅最大值为,为了分析安装平面阻尼结构后,平面阻尼系数对最大瞬态振幅的影响,选取了3种偏心质量,即0.5、1.0和1.5 kg。不同下最大瞬态振幅的变化如图5所示。可以看出,3组曲线中,最大瞬态振幅均随着平面阻尼系数的增大而减小。以为例,3种偏心质量情况下,平面阻尼结构的减振率分别为32.3%、31.1%和28.8%,这表明针对不同的偏心质量,该结构均取得了良好的减振效果。
平面变阻尼结构依靠与盛水桶顶端的接触和脱离实现变阻尼控制,适当的脱离转速对于瞬态振动抑制效果影响很大,也是实现变阻尼控制的关键,而脱离转速的确定需要综合考虑整机的动态性能。
由于液体平衡环自身描述极为复杂,考虑到液体平衡环与球体平衡环工作机理上的相似性,本研究根据文献[9]的方法,采用球体以近似取代液体的作用。将平衡环内的液体离散为个刚性球体,以某个球体为例,其动能可以描述为
其中:为单个球体的质量;分别为球体相对平衡环壳体的旋转角度和旋转半径;为球体质心在参考坐标系Orxryrzr下的位置矢量;为在动坐标系Odxdydzd下的位置矢量;为球体的广义坐标;
球体的重力势能为
球体产生的广义力为
其中:为球体与平衡环内壁之间的阻尼系数。
去除式(9)中液体平衡环的作用力,代入球体平衡环模型,得到平衡环球体近似作用力下的波轮洗衣机脱水振动模型。
采用坐标转换的方法,把笛卡尔坐标系下描述的振动模型转换到旋转坐标系中,得到模型的自治形式,并借助分岔理论,讨论脱水振动周期解的稳定性10
为研究方便,此处采用双球模型,即球体的个数,该模型能简单有效地反映平衡环在各状态下的运动情况。引入如下变换
其中:;其余元素为0;
将式(21)依次求一阶导数和二阶导数,并代入振动方程中,可得系统的自治形式为
其中:为振动方程中右端各项。
考虑到在平衡点的广义速度、广义加速度都为0,将代入式(22),结果为:解状态下2个球体关于偏心所在的位置呈对向分布;解状态下2个球体重合。
首先,讨论未安装平面阻尼结构时平衡环系统的稳定性。取弹簧刚度,轴向阻尼系数,球铰阻尼系数,平衡环阻尼系数,偏心质量,偏心高度。对转速和球体质量进行双参数分岔分析,结果如图6所示。由图可知,存在2个解Ⅰ的稳定区间、2个解Ⅱ的稳定区间和2个不稳定区间MN。其中:点线表示分枝线BPBP1,2为解Ⅰ、解Ⅱ的分枝点,随着球体质量的增大,系统的解由解Ⅱ经过分枝线BP切换为解Ⅰ;实线表示Hopf分岔线,H1为解Ⅰ的Hopf分岔点;虚线表示鞍结分岔线SNSN2为解Ⅱ的鞍结分岔点。当转速很小时,系统的解为解Ⅱ,此时两球体处于同一位置;随着的增大,系统经过鞍结分岔点SN2后变为不稳定;随着进一步增大,系统经过Hopf分岔点H1后变为稳定,此时的解为解Ⅰ,2个球体的位置关于偏心呈对向分布。
为了分析安装平面阻尼结构后系统的稳定性,取平面阻尼系数,转速和球体质量的双参数分岔图如图7所示。可以看出,与未安装平面阻尼结构时相比,球体质量时,不稳定区域M有所减小;除此以外,各稳定区域和不稳定区域基本没有发生变化。
根据图67可以看出,无论是否有平面阻尼结构的作用,转速在0.8~2.8 Hz范围内,平衡环系统都处于稳定状态。因此,可在该转速区间内选取平面变阻尼结构的脱离转速。
为了进一步分析平面阻尼系数对系统稳定性的影响,取球体质量为1 kg,转速和平面阻尼系数的双参数分岔图如图8所示。可以看出,鞍结分岔曲线SN和3条Hopf分岔曲线基本呈垂直线,说明改变平面阻尼系数不会改变不稳定区间MN的大小,即平面阻尼结构对系统的稳定性产生的影响非常小。
为验证上述分岔结果的正确性,对式(22)描述的自治系统进行数值求解,两球体的转角初值分别为:,球体质量=1 kg。当时,不同转速点下球体转角曲线如图9所示。可以看出,数值仿真结果与分岔结果一致。当=2 Hz和=6 Hz时,球体转角很快处于稳定,系统为稳定状态;时,球体转角一直无法稳定,系统处于失稳状态。
搭建安装平面变阻尼结构的实验样机,采用LMS振动测试设备检测盛水桶的振幅,加速度传感器安装在盛水桶外侧。平面变阻尼结构减振实验台如图10所示。
由于脱水转速在0.8~2.8 Hz时系统处于稳定状态,在此转速范围内将阻尼板脱离对系统的影响最小,于是选取了5个转速点进行实验,测试不同脱离转速对盛水桶最大瞬态振幅的影响。实验中偏心质量选择0.4 kg和1.0 kg,偏心高度为0.2 m。不同脱离转速时的最大瞬态振幅如图11所示。
当偏心质量为0.4 kg时,不同脱离转速下的最大瞬态振幅变化不大;当偏心质量为1.0 kg时,在1.5 Hz转速下脱离的最大瞬态振幅很大,此时平衡环尚未发挥作用;在其他转速点下脱离,最大瞬态振幅基本相同。如果转速过高,盛水桶竖直方向的振动会增大,由于阻尼板与盛水桶顶端直接接触,盛水桶竖直方向的振动会传递到阻尼板,影响平面变阻尼结构的使用。因此,综合考虑选取2.5 Hz作为平面变阻尼结构脱离时的转速。
为了对比有无平面变阻尼结构时的振动情况,实验中偏心质量为1.0 kg,偏心距为0.2 m,偏心高度为0.2 m。脱水转速的加速过程如下:转速从0升至脱离转速2.5 Hz,再在2.5 Hz转速下保持10 s,待平面变阻尼结构完全脱离后继续升速至10 Hz。脱离转速为2.5 Hz时平面变阻尼结构减振结果如图12所示。可以看出,安装平面变阻尼结构后,瞬态振幅明显减小,最大瞬态振幅由30.6 mm减小至10.8 mm,减振率为64.7%。
不同偏心质量对最大瞬态振幅的影响如图13所示。可以看出,偏心质量越大最大瞬态振幅也越大。在无平面变阻尼结构时,偏心质量在0.4~0.8 kg范围内最大瞬态振幅增长缓慢;当偏心质量大于0.8 kg后,最大瞬态振幅迅速增大;当偏心质量为1.2 kg时最大瞬态振幅达到42 mm,超过箱体与桶体之间的间隙25 mm,发生了明显的撞桶现象。安装平面变阻尼结构后,最大瞬态振幅曲线整体上升平缓,偏心质量在0.4~0.8 kg范围内,平面变阻尼结构的减振较小;当偏心质量大于0.8 kg时,偏心质量越大则减振效果越明显;当偏心质量为1.2 kg时,最大瞬态振幅小于25 mm,撞桶现象不再出现。
为了验证衣物偏心作用下平面变阻尼结构的减振效果,在内桶随机放置衣物。衣物偏心实验如图14所示。衣物偏心实验结果如图15所示。可以看出,无平面变阻尼结构时,最大振幅为15.8 mm;使用平面变阻尼结构后,可将振幅减小至5.7 mm,减振率为63.9%,减振效果显著。
1) 平面阻尼结构可显著减小波轮洗衣机脱水启动过程中的瞬态振动。
2) 平面变阻尼结构对系统稳定性的影响不大。
3) 可选择2.5 Hz作为控制平面变阻尼结构与盛水桶脱离时的转速。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51205166)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.015
  • 接收时间:2023-04-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-26
  • 修回日期:2023-05-25
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51205166)
作者信息
    1江南大学机械工程学院 无锡,214122
    2江苏省食品先进制造装备技术重点实验室 无锡,214122
    3无锡小天鹅电器有限公司 无锡,214028

通讯作者:

陈海卫,男,1982年9月生,博士、副教授。主要研究方向为机电系统分析与控制、振动分析与控制等。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdcsyzd/CN/10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.015
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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