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Article(id=1244336749997044528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.005, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1708876800000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-26, revisedDate=1727452800000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774602599858, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1759248000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774602599858, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774602599858, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774602599858, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244336743298740932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='855', pageEnd='1056', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774602598261, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603435030, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244340253042000577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244340253042000578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=893, endPage=899, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244336752501044071, articleId=1244336749997044528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, language=EN, title=Design and Application of a Dynamic Performance Monitoring System for Maglev Train Shoegear and Conductor Rail System, columnId=1244336744728998604, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration,Measurement and Diagnosis, columnName=PAPER, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In view of the current situation that the detection indices of maglev train boot rail system both domestically and internationally are relatively limited，and there is a lack of detection data within the 100—140 km/h speed range，a comprehensive detection framework for high-speed maglev train boot rail system is proposed. Firstly，in accordance with relevant standards and specifications of pantograph and conductor rail system testing，a detection method is developed，which includes conductor rail contact force，vibration acceleration，electric shoe current，arc combustion and transverse geometric parameters of the conductor rail. Secondly，a real-time side conductor rail monitoring system that combines video surveillance and data statistical analysis is proposed，and a supporting program for extraction，processing and analysis of original detection data is developed. Finally，a medium- and low-speed maglev line is taken as the test object，and the data measured at different speed levels of the maglev train are analyzed. The results show that the dynamic performance of the pantograph differs during the upward and downward runs of the maglev train； The contact force and vibration degree at the expansion joint are larger than those in the middle section，indicating poorer dynamic performance of the conductor rail. Toe vibration mainly comes from vertical vibration. Relevant studies reveal the characteristics and issues of the maglev train boot rail system under different working conditions，providing theoretical support and practical basis for the further optimization of the maglev train boot rail system.

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针对当前国内外磁浮列车靴轨系统检测指标较单一、缺少100~140 km/h速度范围检测数据等现状，提出了一个全面高速磁浮列车靴轨系统检测框架。首先，结合弓网和靴轨系统测试相关标准与规范，设计了包括靴轨接触力、振动加速度、受电靴电流、燃弧及靴轨横向几何参数的检测方法；其次，提出将视频监控、数据统计分析功能相结合的随车实时侧部靴轨监测系统，并开发了原始检测数据提取处理分析的配套程序；最后，以某中低速磁浮线为试验对象，对磁浮列车各速度等级测量的数据进行了分析。结果表明：磁浮列车上下运行弓网动态性能存在差异；膨胀接头处接触力、振动程度比中间段较大，靴轨动态性能较差；靴头振动主要来自垂向振动。相关研究揭示了磁浮列车靴轨系统在不同工况下的特性与问题，为磁浮列车靴轨系统的进一步优化提供了理论支持和实践依据。

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关金发，男，1986年4月生，博士、讲师。主要研究方向为弓网系统理论及运用。E-mail：
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钟虞全，男，1985年3月生，硕士、高级工程师。主要研究方向为轨道技术运用。曾发表《列车荷载作用下中低速磁浮轨道动力响应试验研究》（《城市轨道交通研究》2023年第26卷第3期）等论文。 E-mail：

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钟虞全，男，1985年3月生，硕士、高级工程师。主要研究方向为轨道技术运用。曾发表《列车荷载作用下中低速磁浮轨道动力响应试验研究》（《城市轨道交通研究》2023年第26卷第3期）等论文。 E-mail：

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钟虞全，男，1985年3月生，硕士、高级工程师。主要研究方向为轨道技术运用。曾发表《列车荷载作用下中低速磁浮轨道动力响应试验研究》（《城市轨道交通研究》2023年第26卷第3期）等论文。 E-mail：

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articleId=1244336749997044528, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=data analysis), Keyword(id=1244351818537480220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336749997044528, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=侧部靴轨), Keyword(id=1244351818625560611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336749997044528, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=监测系统), Keyword(id=1244351818713641002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336749997044528, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=磁浮列车), Keyword(id=1244351820252950581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336749997044528, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=数据分析)], refs=[Reference(id=1244351826108199267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336749997044528, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=65, pageEnd=68, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=庞富恒, 魏厥灵, 闫晓言, journalName=人民公交, refType=null, unstructuredReference=庞富恒， 魏厥灵， 闫晓言. 我国中低速磁浮交通发展综述［J］. 人民公交， 2019（5）： 65-68., articleTitle=我国中低速磁浮交通发展综述, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1244351826204668269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336749997044528, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=null, issue=5, pageStart=65, pageEnd=68, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=1, authorNames=PANG Fuheng, WEI Jueling, YAN Xiaoyan, journalName=People's Public Transportation, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PANG Fuheng， WEI Jueling， YAN Xiaoyan. 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Research on development and prospects of maglev transportation and suggestions to China［J］. 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figureFileBig=nIeKwRdXeCmCaw8GIecgjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244351824736661763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336749997044528, language=CN, label=图13, caption=靴轨动态性能监测各参数汇总统计图, figureFileSmall=r1tp9Bdirw+hAGEsTUkxuw==, figureFileBig=nIeKwRdXeCmCaw8GIecgjg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244351824883462409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336749997044528, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Statistics of the number of tests for each speed class

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速度等级/（km•h-1）总次数上行次数下行次数
100261214
1101055
1201477
130945
1351477
1401798
), ArticleFig(id=1244351824975737104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336749997044528, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各速度等级试验次数统计表

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速度等级/（km•h-1）总次数上行次数下行次数
100261214
1101055
1201477
130945
1351477
1401798
), ArticleFig(id=1244351825114149146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336749997044528, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Monitoring indicators of shoe tracks and their evaluation basis

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标正常值范围参考依据
靴轨动态接触力/N0<F≤350TB 3271―2011
0.3倍平均值‑标准差>0TB 10761―2013
振动加速度最大值/(m•s-2)≤50TB 10761―2013
燃弧时间/ms5~50TB 10761―2013
燃弧率/%≤0.2TB 3271―2011
受电靴电流/A≤600受电靴额定工作电流
), ArticleFig(id=1244351825235783973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336749997044528, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

靴轨监测指标及其评价依据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价指标正常值范围参考依据
靴轨动态接触力/N0<F≤350TB 3271―2011
0.3倍平均值‑标准差>0TB 10761―2013
振动加速度最大值/(m•s-2)≤50TB 10761―2013
燃弧时间/ms5~50TB 10761―2013
燃弧率/%≤0.2TB 3271―2011
受电靴电流/A≤600受电靴额定工作电流
), ArticleFig(id=1244351825298698540, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336749997044528, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Correlation of parameters under arcing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
接触力燃弧率速度基座‑受电靴距离
-0.030.02-0.470.31
靴头横向加速度靴头纵向加速度靴头垂向加速度底座横向加速度
-0.02-0.04-0.05-0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1244351825395167538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336749997044528, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

燃弧情况下各参数相关度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
接触力燃弧率速度基座‑受电靴距离
-0.030.02-0.470.31
靴头横向加速度靴头纵向加速度靴头垂向加速度底座横向加速度
-0.02-0.04-0.05-0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1244351825495830840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336749997044528, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Correlation of parameters under normal circumstances

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
接触力燃弧率速度基座‑受电靴距离
0.0400.210.19
靴头横向加速度靴头纵向加速度靴头垂向加速度底座横向加速度
0.070.070.080
), ArticleFig(id=1244351825592299840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336749997044528, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

正常情况下各参数相关度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
接触力燃弧率速度基座‑受电靴距离
0.0400.210.19
靴头横向加速度靴头纵向加速度靴头垂向加速度底座横向加速度
0.070.070.080
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磁浮列车靴轨动态性能监测系统设计及应用
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钟虞全 1 , 关金发 2 , 徐祥 3 , 吴积钦 2
振动、测试与诊断 | 论文 2025,45(5): 893-899
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振动、测试与诊断 | 论文 2025, 45(5): 893-899
磁浮列车靴轨动态性能监测系统设计及应用
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钟虞全1 , 关金发2 , 徐祥3, 吴积钦2
作者信息
  • 1湖南轨道技术应用研究中心有限公司　长沙，410208
  • 2西南交通大学电气工程学院　成都，611756
  • 3国网四川省供电公司资阳供电公司　成都，641300

    • 钟虞全，男，1985年3月生，硕士、高级工程师。主要研究方向为轨道技术运用。曾发表《列车荷载作用下中低速磁浮轨道动力响应试验研究》（《城市轨道交通研究》2023年第26卷第3期）等论文。 E-mail：

通讯作者:

关金发，男，1986年4月生，博士、讲师。主要研究方向为弓网系统理论及运用。E-mail：
Design and Application of a Dynamic Performance Monitoring System for Maglev Train Shoegear and Conductor Rail System
Yuquan ZHONG1 , Jinfa GUAN2 , Xiang XU3, Jiqin WU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Hunan Rail Technology Application Research Center Co.，Ltd.　Changsha，410208，China
  • 2.School of Electrical Engineering，Southwest Jiaotong University　Chengdu，611756，China
  • 3.State Grid Sichuan Power Supply Company，Ziyang Power Supply Company　Chengdu，641300，China
出版时间: 2025-10-01 doi: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.005
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摘要
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针对当前国内外磁浮列车靴轨系统检测指标较单一、缺少100~140 km/h速度范围检测数据等现状，提出了一个全面高速磁浮列车靴轨系统检测框架。首先，结合弓网和靴轨系统测试相关标准与规范，设计了包括靴轨接触力、振动加速度、受电靴电流、燃弧及靴轨横向几何参数的检测方法；其次，提出将视频监控、数据统计分析功能相结合的随车实时侧部靴轨监测系统，并开发了原始检测数据提取处理分析的配套程序；最后，以某中低速磁浮线为试验对象，对磁浮列车各速度等级测量的数据进行了分析。结果表明：磁浮列车上下运行弓网动态性能存在差异；膨胀接头处接触力、振动程度比中间段较大，靴轨动态性能较差；靴头振动主要来自垂向振动。相关研究揭示了磁浮列车靴轨系统在不同工况下的特性与问题，为磁浮列车靴轨系统的进一步优化提供了理论支持和实践依据。

侧部靴轨  /  监测系统  /  磁浮列车  /  数据分析

In view of the current situation that the detection indices of maglev train boot rail system both domestically and internationally are relatively limited，and there is a lack of detection data within the 100—140 km/h speed range，a comprehensive detection framework for high-speed maglev train boot rail system is proposed. Firstly，in accordance with relevant standards and specifications of pantograph and conductor rail system testing，a detection method is developed，which includes conductor rail contact force，vibration acceleration，electric shoe current，arc combustion and transverse geometric parameters of the conductor rail. Secondly，a real-time side conductor rail monitoring system that combines video surveillance and data statistical analysis is proposed，and a supporting program for extraction，processing and analysis of original detection data is developed. Finally，a medium- and low-speed maglev line is taken as the test object，and the data measured at different speed levels of the maglev train are analyzed. The results show that the dynamic performance of the pantograph differs during the upward and downward runs of the maglev train； The contact force and vibration degree at the expansion joint are larger than those in the middle section，indicating poorer dynamic performance of the conductor rail. Toe vibration mainly comes from vertical vibration. Relevant studies reveal the characteristics and issues of the maglev train boot rail system under different working conditions，providing theoretical support and practical basis for the further optimization of the maglev train boot rail system.

side boot track  /  monitoring system  /  magnetic levitation train  /  data analysis
钟虞全, 关金发, 徐祥, 吴积钦. 磁浮列车靴轨动态性能监测系统设计及应用. 振动、测试与诊断, 2025 , 45 (5) : 893 -899 . DOI: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.005
Yuquan ZHONG, Jinfa GUAN, Xiang XU, Jiqin WU. Design and Application of a Dynamic Performance Monitoring System for Maglev Train Shoegear and Conductor Rail System[J]. Journal of Vibration,Measurement and Diagnosis, 2025 , 45 (5) : 893 -899 . DOI: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.005
正文
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引言
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自20世纪90年代至今，中国持续推进磁浮交通技术的研究工作，在《现代轨道交通》重点研发计划中，启动了200 km/h的中速磁浮交通和600 km/h的高速磁浮交通项目［1‑2］。2020年4月，中国首列商用磁浮2.0版列车于长沙磁浮线实现了160.7 km/h的最高试验运行速度，刷新了短定子中低速磁浮列车最高运行速度的世界纪录［3］。同年12月，磁浮2.0版本列车于长沙磁浮线上进行模拟载客运行试验，并于2021年4月进行了140 km/h目标区间提速试验。
在流动模式下，受电靴与接触轨之间的良好接触以及稳定的受流状态是确保车辆正常供电和安全运行的关键因素［4］。然而，目前关于磁浮列车侧部受流靴与轨道之间关系的研究相对稀缺［5‑6］。在磁浮靴轨的仿真研究方面，刘铭［7］采用了理论分析与试验测试相结合的方法，建立了靴轨系统的刚柔耦合动力学模型，并对靴轨的动力学性能相关评价指标进行了完善和优化。张鹏飞［8］基于受电靴与接触轨实体模型建立了仿真系统，并通过调节靴轨相关参数进行了仿真试验，从中选取最佳组合，给出了靴轨系统的参数优化建议。张静等［9］基于有限元建立了靴轨系统力模型，并研究了速度、接触轨跨距及支撑刚度等参数对靴轨接触力的作用规律。Jinfa等［10］根据靴轨的运动原理，搭建了振动试验台并测得靴轨相互作用参数，建立了靴轨动态相应的有限元模型。在靴轨监测方面，文献［11］以英国375地铁列车为研究对象，测量了受电靴和接触轨的静态及动态相互作用，主要测量对象为接触力。文献［12‑13］研发了两种不同形式的在线监测第3轨直流的检测系统。文献［14］针对长沙中低速磁浮列车在接触轨运营维护方面的实际需求，基于检测车辆的安装基础，运用视觉测量原理，研发了一种用于接触轨几何参数动态检测的装置，该检测系统在实时性和高精度方面基本达到了预期的要求。文献［15］提出了一种能够实现中低速磁浮列车受电靴与接触轨动态性能检测的装置，解决了检测过程中存在的安全隐患问题，并改善了检测不够全面和到位的情况。
综上所述，有关受电靴与接触轨相互作用的检测数据种类单一，多集中在接触力和电流的在线监测方面，而靴轨动态性能是多重因素作用下的结果。目前，靴轨动态性能在线监测缺乏监测数据的完整性，而针对靴轨动态仿真研究的实测数据来源于试验台，复杂边界条件下的确认缺乏实测数据支撑，其可靠性、准确性和实用性尚未得到验证。因此，迫切需要研发一套围绕靴轨受流质量核心指标的实时监测靴轨动态性能综合检测系统，测量的参数应包含电流、速度、振动加速度、接触力及燃弧率，同时提取各个指标的实时数据进行系统性分析，得出各参数间的内在联系和磁浮列车运行中靴轨相互作用下的客观规律。
1　侧部靴轨动态性能监测系统设计
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1.1　方案设计
笔者参考《轨道交通受流系统受电弓与接触网相互作用准则》（TB/T 3271―2011）［16］、《轨道交通第三轨受流器》（GB/T 32589―2016）［17］、《轨道交通受流系统受电弓与接触网动态相互作用测量的要求和验证》（GB/T 32592―2016）［18］以及文献［19］，考虑实际靴轨结构和测量需要，设计了硬件部分框架。受电靴与接触轨动态性能监测系统结构框图如图1所示。
测量系统因该满足受电靴电流测量、靴头及底座三方向振动加速度测量、动态接触力、燃弧及持续时间测量、受电靴底座‑接触轨相对距离测量，并通过光纤技术实现数据的实时传输，通过计算机实时存储、计算和分析。此外，系统还配备了可见光相机，实时录制靴轨动态变化视频，这些视频能够为检测数据的分析提供辅助支持。该系统可以实现检测数据与列车实际位置的一一对应。各个硬件检测设备在安装过程中需要考虑安全的电气距离，检测系统的高压和低压部分分别进行了电气隔离，以确保数据采集过程的安全性和有效性。
1.2　系统实现
结合实际情况，选取合适的采集单元型号后，需对各部件进行有效的电气连接。监测系统仪器设备网络连接如图2所示。
各单元检测方式和作用原理如下：
1） 将力传感器安装在改造后的受电靴滑板托架，测得相应的接触力；
2） 受电靴加速度计分别安装在受电靴滑板背部和受电靴底架上，测量靴头、基座三方向的振动加速度；
3） 通过霍尔电传感测量电靴传送到车厢内的电流；
4） 燃弧可通过燃弧传感器及可见光相机测量；
5） 受电靴底座‑接触轨距离可以通过激光传感器测量获得，该距离为受电靴的工作高度；
6） 利用高速照相机进行动态操作录像，同时配有补光灯，对受电靴及接触轨进行拍摄；
7） 利用 GPS 装置对受电靴进行定位及测速信号的获取。
监测系统车厢外各仪器设备安装整体实物图如图3所示。
2　磁浮列车提速监测试验
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在某一中低速磁浮线路上进行了逐级提速的试验，测试速度范围设定在100~140 km/h。该中低速磁浮线路的设计最高运营速度为100 km/h。为了确保安全性，在提速检测过程中采用逐级提升10 km/h的提速方案。试验线路的起点为起始站，终点为中间站。受电靴采用的是侧部受流气动控制的设计，接触轨则为标称直流1 500 V的侧部安装C型轨，标称静态接触力为120 N。各速度等级试验次数统计见表1。其中：“上行”指磁浮列车从起始站开往中间站的方向；反之为下行。上行时，受电靴在前，设备在后。
根据弓网系统相关标准、现场实际情况以及磁浮列车运行规范，制定了测量参数的相关指标。靴轨监测指标及其评价依据见表2。
3　数据分析
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弓网动态性能好坏主要评价指标为靴轨动态接触力、振动加速度以及横向参数，而靴轨动态性能优劣直接影响受流电流质量和燃弧的产生。本研究以Matlab开发的数据提取处理分析软件并基于数理统计原理对接触力、振动加速度、电流、燃弧率及横向参数进行分析，找寻靴轨运行各参数间的客观规律。
由于采样频率高，因此数据量庞大，需要对每组数据做抗干扰处理，剔除每组异样数据。主要采用Z‑Score模型进行异常数据处理，具体步骤为
其中：N为数据总数；μ为均值；σ为标准差。
计算Z‑Score值，即
通常当时，认为为异常值。基于Z‑Score异常数据处理编写Matlab程序，对异常数据进行剔除处理。
3.1　接触力
接触力作为靴轨动态性能最重要的指标，不仅需要对其极值进行分析，还要对其离散程度进行分析比较。首先，绘制接触力极值及标准差曲线，接触力数值比较如图4所示。
匀速过程中，单次试验的上行平均接触力在124~138 N范围内，下行平均接触力在111~120 N范围内。上行的平均接触力低于下行的平均接触力，相差10 N左右，列车下行运行时靴头与接触轨的接触更为紧密。
将各速度等级接触力标准差及0.3倍平均值‑标准差数据统计后绘图，匀速过程接触力标准差统计如图5所示。其中，纵坐标所表征的均为评价接触力性能的指标。
上行接触力离散程度会随着速度的提升而增加，下行接触力离散程度受速度的影响较小。同时，上行组的接触力标准差高于下行组的标准差，其主要原因在于受电靴采用的是侧部受流气动控制设计，上、下行的气动系数存在较大差异，弓网特性也相应地产生不同。
3.2　振动加速度
对靴头及基座振动加速度方向进行了定义，其中x方向为沿列车行驶方向，记作纵向；y方向为受电靴与接触轨垂直接触方向，记作横向；z方向为靴头及基座上下摆动方向，记作垂向。三方向示意图如图6所示。
匀速过程受电靴靴头三方向最大加速度统计如图7所示。由图可知，在整个运行过程中受电靴靴头垂向的最大加速度是三方向中最大的，纵向其次，横向最小。这表明在整个运行过程中，靴轨接触较好，振动主要来自受电靴上下摆动。受电靴底架横向加速度均远大于其余两个方向的值，但与受电靴振动加速度相差一个数量级，随列车运行速度的提升，受电靴底架横向最大加速度整体增大。这表明受电靴固定良好，振动主要来自靴轨相互作用。
3.3　受电靴电流
根据试验单位的具体需求，本研究对受电靴电流进行了统计分析，重点关注其持续1 s的最大电流值。受电靴的持续1 s电流是指在1 s时电流传感器测量所有电流值的均值，一般为500个，采样频率为0.002 Hz。
匀速过程受电靴1 s最大电流统计如图8所示。由图可知，下行试验的受电靴1 s最大电流一般大于上行试验的电流。其主要原因在于下行靴轨接触力标准差低于上行，弓网特性较好，受流质量好，电流值更接近标准值600 A。
3.4　燃弧率
燃弧的测量需要结合可见光相机视频和测量数据的综合评价，燃弧现象可通过相机直观体现。受电靴下行运行过程靴轨燃弧视频截图如图9所示。由燃弧引起的靴轨动态变化需通过测量数据加以分析。
匀速过程燃弧率统计如图10所示。由图可知，最大燃弧率为0.04%，远低于指标评价标准中规定的0.2%的上限值，上行整体燃弧率均高于下行，下行基本不产生燃弧。这间接表明接触力的平稳运行可以有效减小燃弧的产生。
3.5　横向参数
通过距离传感器测量基座‑受电靴横向动态距，该参数可以间接反映受电靴‑接触轨横向摆动幅值，表明靴轨的动态性能。匀速过程横向参数统计如图11所示。由图可知，靴轨平均距离在110 mm保持不变，而最大幅值会随着速度的增加呈现波动上升的过程，而不是线性变化，其主要原因来自接触轨波动传播的影响。
3.6　膨胀接头分析
膨胀接头作为受电靴热胀冷缩的重要补偿装置，每隔一段距离会设置一个膨胀接头。由于材料不同，刚度也会不同，线路在膨胀接头处的不平顺度将会最大，导致受电弓在此处的靴轨动态特性发生改变。膨胀接头‑中间跨接触力对比如图12所示。
膨胀接头处的接触力最大值远大于中间跨，幅值约在35 N左右，0.3倍平均值‑标准差也整体小于中间跨，离散程度较大。膨胀接触与中间跨公网特性存在较大差异，因此靴轨动态仿真在膨胀接头处的边界条件需要单独设置，依托试验获取的数据难以与实际运行过程的数据保持一致。该套测量系统能够实时检测靴轨在任何复杂边界条件下的弓网动态参数，解决了靴轨仿真系统缺乏实际数据、获取复杂边界条件数据困难的问题。
3.7　燃弧分析
燃弧作为靴轨动态作用下的一个普遍现象，实际过程中大多采用可见光相机观测电弧，以表征该处是否发生了燃弧。本研究依托大量原始测量数据，结合红外相机确定在图9红色框处发生了燃弧，提取红框内数据，并基于皮尔逊系数计算出磁浮列车在匀速行驶发生燃弧和正常运行过程中，各个测量参数与电流的相关程度。其具体计算公式为
其中：γ为皮尔逊相关系数；n为样本数量；x和y为变量的值。
γ=1时，完全正相关；γ=-1时，完全负相关；γ=0时，无相关性；0<γ<1时，正相关；-1<γ<0时，负相关。
利用Matlab编程求解皮尔逊相关系数，靴轨动态性能监测各参数汇总统计如图13所示。截取图中红框内各参数数据，计算与电流的相关性。燃弧情况下各参数相关度见表3。正常情况下各参数相关度见表4。表3、4为皮尔逊系数计算方法下各测量参数相关系数计算值，均为标量。
通过计算结果与波形分析可知：当线路发生燃弧时，电流大小与基座‑受电靴距离、燃弧呈正相关，且与基座‑受电靴距离呈强正相关；电流大小与靴头、基座振动速度及接触力呈负相关。在正常情况下，电流与振动加速度、速度、接触力呈正相关，其主要原因在于当发生燃弧时，靴轨产生离线情况，电流突增，而接触力、靴轨相互作用及振动加速度均减小。因此，可借助对参数相关度分析诊断线路是否发生燃弧，而不借助可见光相机实时监测。
4　结论
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1） 设计了磁浮列车侧部靴轨动态性能监测系统。该系统硬件部分的主要功能有：检测接触力、振动加速度、受电靴电流、燃弧率及靴轨横向几何参数；视频录像及定位信息检测。软件部分主要功能有：数据提取、处理和分析计算，可应用于实际磁浮列车监测和分析。
2） 完成了对磁浮列车各个速度等级下实时速度、电流、加速度、燃弧率、横向参数及接触力的测量，确定了靴轨动态系统在膨胀接头处、燃弧发生时的边界条件，为靴轨动态仿真提供实际数据支撑。
3） 通过数据分析发现靴轨动态性能规律如下：列车运行过程中上行和下行弓网动态性能存在差异，其原因主要是不同气流方向作用在受电靴单臂结构上的气动系数发生了改变；靴头振动主要来自垂向振动，基座振动主要来自横向振动，两者相差一个数量级；膨胀接头处的接触力最大值远大于中间跨接触力，且离散程度也大于中间跨，靴轨动态性能在膨胀接头处较差；针对靴轨发生燃弧时对各相关度计算分析发现，电流与振动加速度、速度及接触力会从正相关变为负相关，该特征可作为诊断靴轨系统是否发生燃弧的评判依据。
基金
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  • 中国国家铁路集团科技研发计划资助项目(P2021G053)
  • 国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52372364)
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参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.005
  • 接收时间：2024-02-26
  • 首发时间：2026-03-27
  • 出版时间：2025-10-01
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  • 收稿日期：2024-02-26
  • 修回日期：2024-09-28
基金
中国国家铁路集团科技研发计划资助项目(P2021G053)
国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(52372364)
作者信息
    1湖南轨道技术应用研究中心有限公司　长沙，410208
    2西南交通大学电气工程学院　成都，611756
    3国网四川省供电公司资阳供电公司　成都，641300

通讯作者:

关金发，男，1986年4月生，博士、讲师。主要研究方向为弓网系统理论及运用。E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
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Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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