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Article(id=1244336748801667840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.025, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1683475200000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-08, revisedDate=1701100800000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774602599573, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1759248000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774602599573, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774602599573, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774602599573, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244336743298740932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='855', pageEnd='1056', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774602598261, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603435030, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244340253042000577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244340253042000578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1042, endPage=1048, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244336749074297611, articleId=1244336748801667840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, language=EN, title=Analysis of the Influence of Surrounding Metal Objects on the Electromagnetic Transmission Performance of Balise Uplink, columnId=1244336744728998604, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration,Measurement and Diagnosis, columnName=PAPER, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issue of metallic objects around a balise affecting its electromagnetic transmission performance，a balise antenna model is established in electromagnetic simulation software. The simulation experiments are carried out by varying three parameters：the metal surface area，the vertical distance between the metal surface and the balise，and the metal surface thickness. The uplink signal amplitude curves of the balise under different parameters are obtained，and the transmission performance metrics are calculated to analyze the impact. Results show that： a larger metal surface area leads to lower performance metrics，such as a reduced number of safety message frames received by the balise transmission module （BTM），with a more significant degradation and greater interference from the sidelobe region. When the metal area is greater than 320 mm×320 mm，the uplink field strength consistency requirement can no longer be met. A greater absolute distance between the metal surface and the balise results in less interference from the sidelobe region，and the distance must be greater than 123 mm to satisfy the field strength consistency requirement. Increased metal surface thickness causes greater interference from the sidelobe region，and the thickness should not exceed 1 mm.

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针对应答器周围存在大量金属物影响其电磁传输性能的问题，在电磁场仿真软件中建立应答器天线模型，从金属面面积、金属面到应答器垂直距离及金属面厚度3个方面进行仿真实验，得到不同参数下应答器上行链路信号幅度曲线，计算应答器传输性能指标值并分析其传输性能所受的影响。研究表明：金属面面积越大，应答器传输模块（balise transmission module，简称BTM）接收安全报文帧数等性能指标越小，且减小程度越明显，来自旁瓣区的干扰越大，当金属面积大于320 mm×320 mm时，不能满足应答器上行链路场强一致性要求；金属面到应答器距离绝对值越大，来自旁瓣区干扰越小，其值大于123 mm时才能满足场强一致性要求； 金属面厚度越大，来自旁瓣区干扰越大，其厚度不应超过1 mm。

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李建国，男，1974年10月生，博士、副教授。主要研究方向为交通信息控制工程和智能交通。曾发表《基于顾客到达拟合的立体车库搬运器待命位设计策略》（《交通运输系统工程与信息》2021年第21卷第6期）等论文。 E‑mail：

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李建国，男，1974年10月生，博士、副教授。主要研究方向为交通信息控制工程和智能交通。曾发表《基于顾客到达拟合的立体车库搬运器待命位设计策略》（《交通运输系统工程与信息》2021年第21卷第6期）等论文。 E‑mail：

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李建国，男，1974年10月生，博士、副教授。主要研究方向为交通信息控制工程和智能交通。曾发表《基于顾客到达拟合的立体车库搬运器待命位设计策略》（《交通运输系统工程与信息》2021年第21卷第6期）等论文。 E‑mail：

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Performance index data values of balise under different metal areas S

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S/mm2应答器作用距离/mmBTM动态作用时间/msBTM动态接收比特数/bitBTM动态接收安全报文帧数
0702.168.425 94 756.34.323 9
80×80702.158.425 84 756.24.323 8
160×160701.598.419 14 752.44.320 4
240×240698.418.380 94 730.94.300 8
320×320688.528.262 24 663.94.239 9
400×400671.168.053 94 546.34.133 0
), ArticleFig(id=1244351821515436162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336748801667840, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同金属面积S下应答器性能指标数据值

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S/mm2应答器作用距离/mmBTM动态作用时间/msBTM动态接收比特数/bitBTM动态接收安全报文帧数
0702.168.425 94 756.34.323 9
80×80702.158.425 84 756.24.323 8
160×160701.598.419 14 752.44.320 4
240×240698.418.380 94 730.94.300 8
320×320688.528.262 24 663.94.239 9
400×400671.168.053 94 546.34.133 0
), ArticleFig(id=1244351821666431116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336748801667840, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Performance index data values of balise under different dobject

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
dobject/mm应答器作用距离/mmBTM动态作用时间/msBTM动态接收比特数/bitBTM动态接收安全报文帧数
-83688.528.262 24 663.94.239 9
-93688.368.260 34 662.84.238 9
-103688.328.259 84 662.54.238 6
-113688.638.263 64 664.64.240 6
-123689.348.272 14 669.44.244 9
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不同dobject下应答器性能指标数据值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
dobject/mm应答器作用距离/mmBTM动态作用时间/msBTM动态接收比特数/bitBTM动态接收安全报文帧数
-83688.528.262 24 663.94.239 9
-93688.368.260 34 662.84.238 9
-103688.328.259 84 662.54.238 6
-113688.638.263 64 664.64.240 6
-123689.348.272 14 669.44.244 9
), ArticleFig(id=1244351821926477980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336748801667840, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Performance index data values of balise under different metal surface thicknesses d

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
d/mm应答器作用距离/mmBTM动态作用时间/msBTM动态接收比特数/bitBTM动态接收安全报文帧数
1690.108.281 24 674.64.249 6
3688.198.258 34 661.64.237 8
5688.518.262 14 663.84.239 8
7688.818.265 74 665.84.241 7
10689.238.270 84 668.74.244 3
), ArticleFig(id=1244351822048112802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, articleId=1244336748801667840, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同金属面厚度d下应答器性能指标数据值

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d/mm应答器作用距离/mmBTM动态作用时间/msBTM动态接收比特数/bitBTM动态接收安全报文帧数
1690.108.281 24 674.64.249 6
3688.198.258 34 661.64.237 8
5688.518.262 14 663.84.239 8
7688.818.265 74 665.84.241 7
10689.238.270 84 668.74.244 3
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金属物对应答器上行链路电磁传输性能的影响
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李建国 1, 2 , 张鑫奎 1 , 薛千树 1
振动、测试与诊断 | 论文 2025,45(5): 1042-1048
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振动、测试与诊断 | 论文 2025, 45(5): 1042-1048
金属物对应答器上行链路电磁传输性能的影响
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李建国1, 2 , 张鑫奎1, 薛千树1
作者信息
  • 1兰州交通大学自动化与电气工程学院　兰州，730070
  • 2四电BIM工程与智能应用铁路行业重点实验室　兰州，730070

    • 李建国，男，1974年10月生，博士、副教授。主要研究方向为交通信息控制工程和智能交通。曾发表《基于顾客到达拟合的立体车库搬运器待命位设计策略》（《交通运输系统工程与信息》2021年第21卷第6期）等论文。 E‑mail：

Analysis of the Influence of Surrounding Metal Objects on the Electromagnetic Transmission Performance of Balise Uplink
Jianguo LI1, 2 , Xinkui ZHANG1, Qianshu XUE1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Automation and Electrical Engineering，Lanzhou Jiaotong University　Lanzhou，730070，China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Four Electric BIM Engineering and Intelligent Application for the Railway Industry　Lanzhou，730070，China
出版时间: 2025-10-01 doi: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.025
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摘要
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针对应答器周围存在大量金属物影响其电磁传输性能的问题，在电磁场仿真软件中建立应答器天线模型，从金属面面积、金属面到应答器垂直距离及金属面厚度3个方面进行仿真实验，得到不同参数下应答器上行链路信号幅度曲线，计算应答器传输性能指标值并分析其传输性能所受的影响。研究表明：金属面面积越大，应答器传输模块（balise transmission module，简称BTM）接收安全报文帧数等性能指标越小，且减小程度越明显，来自旁瓣区的干扰越大，当金属面积大于320 mm×320 mm时，不能满足应答器上行链路场强一致性要求；金属面到应答器距离绝对值越大，来自旁瓣区干扰越小，其值大于123 mm时才能满足场强一致性要求； 金属面厚度越大，来自旁瓣区干扰越大，其厚度不应超过1 mm。

应答器  /  金属物  /  上行链路  /  传输性能

To address the issue of metallic objects around a balise affecting its electromagnetic transmission performance，a balise antenna model is established in electromagnetic simulation software. The simulation experiments are carried out by varying three parameters：the metal surface area，the vertical distance between the metal surface and the balise，and the metal surface thickness. The uplink signal amplitude curves of the balise under different parameters are obtained，and the transmission performance metrics are calculated to analyze the impact. Results show that： a larger metal surface area leads to lower performance metrics，such as a reduced number of safety message frames received by the balise transmission module （BTM），with a more significant degradation and greater interference from the sidelobe region. When the metal area is greater than 320 mm×320 mm，the uplink field strength consistency requirement can no longer be met. A greater absolute distance between the metal surface and the balise results in less interference from the sidelobe region，and the distance must be greater than 123 mm to satisfy the field strength consistency requirement. Increased metal surface thickness causes greater interference from the sidelobe region，and the thickness should not exceed 1 mm.

balise  /  metallic objects  /  uplink  /  transmission performance
李建国, 张鑫奎, 薛千树. 金属物对应答器上行链路电磁传输性能的影响. 振动、测试与诊断, 2025 , 45 (5) : 1042 -1048 . DOI: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.025
Jianguo LI, Xinkui ZHANG, Qianshu XUE. Analysis of the Influence of Surrounding Metal Objects on the Electromagnetic Transmission Performance of Balise Uplink[J]. Journal of Vibration,Measurement and Diagnosis, 2025 , 45 (5) : 1042 -1048 . DOI: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.025
正文
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引言
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我国列控系统（Chinese train control system，简称CTCS）在轨道电路基础上增加点式应答器，采用点连式完成车地间通信，其中应答器向车载设备提供线路速度、临时限速、线路基本参数、等级转换及特殊定位等信息［1‑2］。我国铁路基础设备中，从CTCS‑1级至CTCS‑4级均用到应答器，但因其高灵敏度也易受到外界干扰，给现场维护带来不便，对铁路信号安全产生威胁。应答器周围存在大量金属物，当电磁波遇到金属良导体时，27 MHz与4 MHz左右的电磁波几乎不能穿透金属良导体进行传播，故应答器在安装时其周围一定范围内要避免存在金属物，或对金属物的面积、厚度等做出限定。
应答器传输系统（balise transmission system，简称BTS） 结构复杂，学者们从不同角度研究了该系统的传输性能。朱林富等［3］采用场分析法与等效电路网络法分析了系统天线周围放置混凝土道床和钢轨时系统天线的调谐频率、反射系数及磁场分布。罗丽燕等［4］仿真分析护轮轨对应答器的干扰，通过对护轨开槽尺寸进行优化，找出最合理开槽尺寸。赵会兵等［5］通过仿真各类损耗介质下电磁波的穿透特性，得到各类损耗介质和金属介质影响下应答器天线的有效作用范围。文献［6‑7］通过建立应答器天线空间磁场分布模型研究了应答器安装高度、角度偏差等对其电磁传输性能的影响。Geng等［8］建立了应答器传输系统数字孪生模型，分析了BTM天线与地面应答器间下行能量传输和上行数据发送过程。李正交等［9］基于马尔可夫模型提出BTS的可靠性评估方法，研究了列车速度对BTS的可靠性影响。许波等［10］分析了应答器传输系统工作过程及原理，研究应答器输入输出随空间时间的变化关系。许庆阳等［11］结合应答器系统动态检测数据，采用数学方法分析了轨道板类型及速度等因素对应答器性能指标的影响。李雪等［12］通过分析应答器A接口的传输过程，建立仿真模型对应答器产生的角度偏差做出一致性评估。Lü等［13］提出基于认知控制的应答器系统上行链路信号处理方法，解决应答器信号噪声干扰问题。文献［14‑16］基于天线间电磁耦合原理，分析了BTS的数据传输过程及旁瓣区感应电压的幅值包络问题。陈小梅［17］研究了列车速度达到400 km/h及以上时应答器传输系统的适应性。
针对应答器周围金属物对其系统传输性能的影响，笔者研究了应答器传输系统的工作原理，在电磁场仿真软件中建立应答器天线模型，仿真不同金属面面积、金属面到应答器垂直距离及不同金属面厚度下应答器上行链路信号幅度曲线，分析了电磁穿透特性与传输性能。
1　应答器系统作用原理
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应答器主要由壳体、灌封材料及电路板组成。电路板安装于壳体内，包含用于发送上行信号与接收射频能量的电磁感应耦合线圈，在特定地点实现车地间高速点式信息传输。应答器电路板原理图如图1所示，整个电路的核心是应答器控制模块。应答器被激活后，其首先判断C接口传来的数据是否有效，若有效则将该接口传来的数据连续发送；若无效或没有数据，将储存在应答器中的固定报文发送。不论是有效数据还是默认信息，对其进行频移键控（frequency shift keying，简称FSK）调制，将调制后的信息传给数据收发模块，进行功率放大，然后通过耦合线圈执行发送过程。本研究以无源应答器为例进行仿真。
高速铁路车地信息传输过程包括下行激励和上行发送。列车运行经过应答器上方时，BTM发射天线向地面连续发送27.095 MHz±5 kHz的高频电磁能量，通过电磁耦合激活地面应答器，将存储在地面应答器中的线路数据、临时限速等报文信息发给BTM接收天线，频率为4.234 MHz±175 kHz （频偏为282.24 kHz，上下边频分别为4.516 MHz和3.951 MHz），传输速率为564.48 kbit/s，通过BTM解码后将信息传给车载计算机，该传输过程持续进行直至能量消失。BTS传输过程如图2所示。
2　应答器天线建模与验证
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2.1　模型建立
参考环线是围绕有效参考区域的环状导体，用来模拟测试应答器特性，大尺寸参考环为358 mm× 488 mm。笔者选取标准参考环进行建模仿真应答器电磁特性，其尺寸为390 mm×200 mm，由4节横截面为20 mm×5 mm的实心铜条、印制电路板（printed circuit board，简称PCB）、绝缘连接板和螺纹连接器（thread neill‑concelman connector，简称TNC）组成。4段铜条通过绝缘板与PCB板连接形成一个矩形环，TNC主要向参考环供电。标准尺寸参考环结构如图3所示。
PCB板上安装电容C1、C2和电感L2 ，并与电感L1相连。PCB板电路元件如图4所示。其中：L1为1节铜条的电感值，其大小等于标准尺寸参考环电感的1/4；L2为空心线圈，其感抗值与L1相当；C1、C2的温度系数接近0。
当列车经过应答器上方时，BTM发射天线向地面连续发送27.095 MHz的高频电磁能量，激活应答器后，应答器发送中心频率为4.234 MHz的FSK信号用于传输报文。BTM接收到的上行链路信号电压不仅与流经应答器发射天线的电流强度呈正比关系，而且用于模拟应答器天线的参考环必须调谐到27.095 MHz和4.234 MHz处，即必须得到合适的L2、C1和C2。L2与L1近似相等。C1和C2的选取原则如下：在4.234 MHz时C2的阻抗可以忽略；在27.095 MHz时C1的阻抗可以忽略。
fc=4.234 MHz时，谐振频率公式为
fc=27.095 MHz时，谐振频率公式为
首先，将PCB板短路确定电感L1的值，再确定L2的值，并根据式（1）、式（2）计算C1和C2的值。在FEKO软件中通过计算27.095 MHz时参考环的电抗来调整C2，通过计算4.234 MHz时参考环的电抗来调整C1。经过反复调整后确定L2=30 nH，C1=7.036 nF，C2=1.299 3 nF。为减少FEKO软件对应答器参考环模型的计算量，在参考环每个Port端口加入图4所示电路代替PCB板。应答器参考环模型如图5所示。
2.2　模型仿真结果与验证
铁道行业标准［18］规定，上行链路应答器的磁场强度垂直分量应与参考磁场一致，应答器输出信号强度与参考磁场差值构成上行链路的一致性偏差，其单位为dB。上行链路参考磁场与限定见图6。其中：A=5 dB；B=5 dB；C=35 dB；D=60 dB；XT=5 cm；R0为z0=220 mm时作用区的最大磁场强度。
为防止相邻应答器和邻线应答器对其产生干扰，应答器天线波瓣图需满足场强一致性要求。作用区定义为应答器正上方220~460 mm之间16角柱状有限体积区域，应答器产生的磁场与参考磁场场强差值在±1.5 dB内，旁瓣区定义为-1 300 mm<x<+1 300 mm，-1 400 mm<y<+1 400 mm，+220 mm<z<+460 mm（包含作用区），场强差值在5~-∞ dB之间，其参考磁场相比z0=220 mm时作用区磁场限制为C，不小于35 dB。串扰区不允许产生能量和信息传输，场强差值限制在5~-∞ dB之间，其参考磁场相比z0=220 mm时作用区磁场限制为D，不小于60 dB。在调谐后的应答器参考环模型中加入频率为1 MHz~60 MHz、电压为1 V的电源，通过矩量法计算参考环线阻抗，仿真3.951 MHz、4.234 MHz及4.516 MHz时应答器上行信号幅度曲线。参考环模型仿真结果如图7所示。
由图7可知，应答器发送4.234 MHz时的信号最强，旁瓣区峰值与作用区峰值相差大于30 dB，串扰区峰值与作用区峰值相差大于60 dB，符合应答器上行链路场强一致性要求。应答器参考环模型阻抗模值几乎为0，说明模型可以很好地调谐到上行信号传输频率与下行射频能量发送频率。在实验室设定参考环测试条件，通过环线电阻特性验证模型。信号发生器用来给参考环加上不同频率，使用功率计测量参考环输入端口电压。在功放输出功率不变的情况下，该端口电压越小表示参考环阻抗越小，该端口电压越大表示参考环阻抗越大。测试连接与测试结果如图8所示。由图可以看出，当所加信号为4 MHz和27 MHz左右信号时，电路呈调谐状态，输入电压最小。经分析，参考环模型仿真数据与实测数据相符，验证了模型的正确性与适用性。
3　仿真分析
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3.1　应答器周围无金属空间分析
当电磁波遇到金属良导体时仅集中在良导体的表面，27 MHz与4 MHz左右的电磁波几乎不能穿透金属良导体进行传播。为避免金属导体对电磁波的衰耗，应答器在安装时其周围一定范围内应避免存在金属物。根据铁道行业标准规定，应答器无金属空间与安装位置见图9。其中，z轴正向无金属空间高于应答器的轨面，若应答器横向安装，将图9中的应答器z轴旋转90°，y方向的无金属距离变为410 mm，x方向无金属距离变为315 mm，在无金属空间范围内不能存在电气闭合回路。设金属物面至应答器中心点距离为dobject，金属物长度为lobject。
应答器极端靠近金属面安装时，应根据金属量来调整安装高度，金属面位于轨面以下，距离D在186 ~233 mm之间，标准尺寸应答器与轨面距离zb在-93~-150 mm之间。极端靠近金属面安装时zb取决于D，当时，zb在-93~-103 mm之间；当时，zb需满足。此时，金属物面至应答器中心点距离dobject明显不能满足无金属空间纵向210 mm的要求。笔者研究极端靠近金属面时的情形，分析金属面面积S、金属面到应答器距离dobject及金属面本身厚度d对系统传输性能的影响。由于钢轨为金属体，建模时加入钢轨模型，在z0=220 mm平面有钢轨时应答器上行信号磁场分布见图10。
选取zb=-103 mm，钢轨类型为50 kg/m，金属面仿真测试模型如图11所示。
3.2　周围金属面对应答器传输性能影响分析
3.2.1　金属面面积
设金属面与轨面最大距离D=-186 mm，zb=-103 mm，金属面厚度d=5 mm，选取金属面面积S=80 mm×80 mm、160 mm×160 mm、240 mm×240 mm和320 mm×320 mm，仿真不同金属面积下上行信号幅度曲线，如图12所示。
设列车速度为300 km/h，计算不同金属面积S下应答器性能指标数据值，如表1所示。
由图12与表1可知，金属面面积S越大，应答器作用距离、BTM接收安全报文帧数等性能指标越小，且减小程度越明显，来自旁瓣区干扰越大。当S≤240 mm×240 mm，波瓣图旁瓣区峰值与作用区峰值相差大于30 dB；当S≥320 mm×320 mm，其差值小于30 dB，不满足上行链路场强一致性要求。当S从0增加到240 mm×240 mm，BTM接收安全报文帧数减小0.023 1帧；当S从240 mm×240 mm增加到400 mm×400 mm，BTM接收安全报文帧数减小0.167 8帧。
3.2.2　金属面与应答器垂直距离
设zb=-103 mm，金属面厚度d=5 mm，金属面积S=320 mm×320 mm，选取dobject为-83、-93、-103、-113和-123 mm，仿真不同dobject下的上行链路信号幅度曲线，如图13所示。
设列车速度为300 km/h，计算不同dobject下应答器性能指标数据值，如表2所示。
由图13与表2可知，当-233 mm≤D≤-186 mm时，金属面到应答器距离dobject的变化对应答器传输性能指标几乎无影响，dobject绝对值从83 mm增加到123 mm，应答器作用距离变化在1 mm之内，BTM接收安全报文帧数变化在0.005帧之内。由图13（b）可知，dobject绝对值越大，来自旁瓣区干扰越小，当dobject绝对值为83、93和103 mm时，旁瓣区峰值与作用区峰值相差小于30 dB，不满足上行链路场强一致性要求。当dobject绝对值为123 mm时，其差值大于30 dB。
3.2.3　金属面厚度
设金属面与轨面最大距离D=-186 mm，zb=-103 mm，金属面积S=320 mm×320 mm，选取金属面厚度d为1、3、5、7和9 mm，仿真不同金属面厚度下的上行信号幅度曲线，如图14所示。
设列车速度为300 km/h，计算不同金属面厚度d下应答器性能指标数据值，如表3所示。
由图14与表3可知，当-233 mm≤D≤-186 mm时，金属面厚度d的变化对应答器传输性能指标几乎无影响。d从1 mm增加到5 mm，应答器作用距离变化在2 mm之内，BTM接收安全报文帧数变化在0.006帧之内。由图14（b）可知，d越大，来自旁瓣区干扰越大，只有d=1 mm时，旁瓣区峰值与作用区峰值相差大于30 dB。
综上所述，得到极端靠近金属面安全区与非安全区划分，如图15所示。
通过仿真实验可知，当应答器周围存在金属面且为极端靠近金属面安装时，在图15所示安全区电磁波几乎无衰耗，应答器信息传输稳定可靠；越过临界值进入非安全区时，应答器周围金属面将影响应答器信息传输，带来旁瓣干扰。
4　结论
收起
1） 金属面积越大，应答器作用距离、BTM接收安全报文帧数等性能指标越小，且减小程度越明显，来自旁瓣区干扰越大。当金属面积S≥320 mm×320 mm时，旁瓣区峰值与作用区峰值相差小于30 dB，不能满足上行链路场强一致性要求。
2） 金属面到应答器距离绝对值越大，来自旁瓣区干扰越小，其值大于123 mm时才能满足场强一致性要求。
3） 金属面厚度越大，来自旁瓣区干扰越大，实际应用中其厚度不能超过1 mm，以确保旁瓣区峰值与作用区峰值相差大于30 dB。
基金
收起
  • 教育部高校产学研创新基金资助项目(2023IT185)
  • 甘肃省科技厅省属科研院所创新能力专项资助项目(24CXTA005)
  • 甘肃省教育厅高等学校创新创业教育示范课程资助项目(202306)
  • 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科研资助项目(2024YJ391)
  • 兰州交通大学实验教改重点资助项目(2024004)
文献
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2025年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.025
  • 接收时间：2023-05-08
  • 首发时间：2026-03-27
  • 出版时间：2025-10-01
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  • 收稿日期：2023-05-08
  • 修回日期：2023-11-28
基金
教育部高校产学研创新基金资助项目(2023IT185)
甘肃省科技厅省属科研院所创新能力专项资助项目(24CXTA005)
甘肃省教育厅高等学校创新创业教育示范课程资助项目(202306)
中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科研资助项目(2024YJ391)
兰州交通大学实验教改重点资助项目(2024004)
作者信息
    1兰州交通大学自动化与电气工程学院　兰州，730070
    2四电BIM工程与智能应用铁路行业重点实验室　兰州，730070
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/zdcsyzd/CN/10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.025
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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