Article(id=1244336747488854884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713715200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-22, revisedDate=1736006400000, revisedDateStr=2025-01-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774602599259, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1759248000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774602599259, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774602599259, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774602599259, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244336743298740932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='855', pageEnd='1056', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774602598261, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603435030, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244340253042000577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244340253042000578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1037, endPage=1041, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244336747715347311, articleId=1244336747488854884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, language=EN, title=Parameter Identification for Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Based on Transient‑Extracting Transform, columnId=1244336744728998604, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration,Measurement and Diagnosis, columnName=PAPER, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A parameter identification method is proposed to accurately capture the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). First,the response signal of the actuator is acquired under swept-frequency excitation using the time-frequency analysis capability of the transient-extracting transform (TET). Then,the harmonic and fundamental frequency components are separated and extracted,and the transfer functions for each component are computed to derive the overall transfer function of the DEA. Finally,the results are compared with experimental data. The proposed method achieves a fitting accuracy of 92.11% for the fundamental frequency transfer function and 90.35% for the second harmonic transfer function. This approach does not require prior knowledge of material properties or free energy density functions,and incorporates the influence of high-order harmonic components,offering a novel solution for parameter identification in electroactive material structures.

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针对介电弹性体驱动器非线性动态特性难以准确捕捉的问题,提出了一种介电弹性体驱动器参数辨识方法。首先,基于瞬态提取变换 (transient‑extracting transform,简称TET) 的时频变换方法,利用扫频激励获得驱动器响应信号;其次,通过分离提取其中谐波分量与基频分量,分别计算不同分量的传递函数,从而获得介电弹性体驱动器的传递函数;最后,与实验数据进行了对比。结果表明,基频传递函数的拟合准确度为92.11%,二次谐波传递函数的拟合准确度为90.35%。所提方法无需考虑材料特性或自由能密度函数,且考虑了系统高次谐波分量的影响,为电活性材料结构的参数辨识提供新的思路。

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孟立立,男,1990年5月生,博士、讲师、硕士生导师。主要研究方向为智能材料驱动技术、软体机器人技术、机械振动分析及控制等。 E-mail:

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孟立立,男,1990年5月生,博士、讲师、硕士生导师。主要研究方向为智能材料驱动技术、软体机器人技术、机械振动分析及控制等。 E-mail:

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孟立立,男,1990年5月生,博士、讲师、硕士生导师。主要研究方向为智能材料驱动技术、软体机器人技术、机械振动分析及控制等。 E-mail:

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基于TET的介电弹性体驱动器参数辨识方法
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孟立立 1 , 吴子豪 1 , 王箫剑 2 , 李富才 2
振动、测试与诊断 | 论文 2025,45(5): 1037-1041
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振动、测试与诊断 | 论文 2025, 45(5): 1037-1041
基于TET的介电弹性体驱动器参数辨识方法
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孟立立1 , 吴子豪1, 王箫剑2, 李富才2
作者信息
  • 1中国矿业大学机电工程学院 徐州,221116
  • 2上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院 上海,200240
  • 孟立立,男,1990年5月生,博士、讲师、硕士生导师。主要研究方向为智能材料驱动技术、软体机器人技术、机械振动分析及控制等。 E-mail:

Parameter Identification for Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Based on Transient‑Extracting Transform
Lili MENG1 , Zihao WU1, Xiaojian WANG2, Fucai LI2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Chian Unversity of Mining and Technology Xuzhou,221116,China
  • 2.School of Mechanical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai,200240,China
出版时间: 2025-10-01 doi: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.024
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针对介电弹性体驱动器非线性动态特性难以准确捕捉的问题,提出了一种介电弹性体驱动器参数辨识方法。首先,基于瞬态提取变换 (transient‑extracting transform,简称TET) 的时频变换方法,利用扫频激励获得驱动器响应信号;其次,通过分离提取其中谐波分量与基频分量,分别计算不同分量的传递函数,从而获得介电弹性体驱动器的传递函数;最后,与实验数据进行了对比。结果表明,基频传递函数的拟合准确度为92.11%,二次谐波传递函数的拟合准确度为90.35%。所提方法无需考虑材料特性或自由能密度函数,且考虑了系统高次谐波分量的影响,为电活性材料结构的参数辨识提供新的思路。

介电弹性体驱动器  /  参数辨识  /  传递函数  /  瞬态提取变换

A parameter identification method is proposed to accurately capture the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). First,the response signal of the actuator is acquired under swept-frequency excitation using the time-frequency analysis capability of the transient-extracting transform (TET). Then,the harmonic and fundamental frequency components are separated and extracted,and the transfer functions for each component are computed to derive the overall transfer function of the DEA. Finally,the results are compared with experimental data. The proposed method achieves a fitting accuracy of 92.11% for the fundamental frequency transfer function and 90.35% for the second harmonic transfer function. This approach does not require prior knowledge of material properties or free energy density functions,and incorporates the influence of high-order harmonic components,offering a novel solution for parameter identification in electroactive material structures.

dielectric elastomer actuator  /  parameter identification  /  transfer function  /  transient-extracting transform
孟立立, 吴子豪, 王箫剑, 李富才. 基于TET的介电弹性体驱动器参数辨识方法. 振动、测试与诊断, 2025 , 45 (5) : 1037 -1041 . DOI: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.024
Lili MENG, Zihao WU, Xiaojian WANG, Fucai LI. Parameter Identification for Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Based on Transient‑Extracting Transform[J]. Journal of Vibration,Measurement and Diagnosis, 2025 , 45 (5) : 1037 -1041 . DOI: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.024
介电弹性体(dielectric elastomer,简称DE)是一种电活性柔性材料,可以将输入电压转换为机械变形进行输出。与传统驱动器相比,介电弹性体驱动器(dielectric elastomer actuator,简称DEA)具有响应速度快、电致变形大、重量轻和能量密度高等优点,被广泛应用于扬声器、振动器、泵和软体机器人等领域12。然而,介电弹性体材料由于自身黏弹性,造成其结构具有蠕变和迟滞等固有非线性特征,使得其难以在精确位置控制等方面广泛应用34。此外,考虑到现阶段DEA制造工艺多以实验室操作为主,电极涂抹一致性较差,具有输出特征的不确定性,其传递行为更加复杂。因此,传统动态模型无法很好地进行拟合56
为了解决这一问题,研究人员提出了诸多模型来表征介电弹性体驱动器的动态行为。Xu等7基于欧拉‑拉格朗日方程,获得了具有DEA固有材料阻尼的运动方程,并分析了驱动器系统的振动和振荡行为。为了考虑材料的能量耗散特性,研究人员将黏弹性模型引入驱动器动力学方程中。Zhang等8利用Kelvin‑Voigt‑Maxwell(KVM)组合模型建立了一种描述介电弹性体固有黏弹性的材料本构模型。在准确描述材料的非线性特性和大变形方面,Foo等9提出使用有限元方法(finite element method,简称FEM)对介电弹性体的大变形行为进行表述。Zhao等10基于分数阶的Kelvin‑Voigt建立了黏弹性模型的本构模型。有限元法和分数阶模型都能够较为准确地描述DEA的黏弹性行为和动态特性,但这种方法也使模型变得更加复杂,不适用于控制策略的设计11。为此,可以通过唯象学模型对DEA进行建模。Zou等12提出了一种基于Prandtl⁃Ishlinskii(PI)模型的唯象学建模方法来表征DEA的黏弹性和迟滞非线性特性。Wang等13基于PI模型表征了DEA的蝶形迟滞,并提出了一种自适应隐式逆模型的神经网络来控制蝶形迟滞。尽管唯象学模型有利于控制策略的设计,但这种模型缺乏相应的物理意义,不具备可解释性14
针对此问题,研究人员通过对DEA的传递函数进行线性化的方法来简化控制策略的设计15。线性传递函数具有易于快速辨识的优点,被广泛应用于在线辨识等领域。在精度要求不高的场合,线性传递函数足以描述系统的动态行为16。对于DEA系统,Rizzello等17提出了一种电‑机耦合非线性模型,使用标准最小二乘算法识别线性化后的系统参数。然而,传统线性化方法忽视了系统的高阶谐波分量对系统特性的影响,因而会导致模型产生误差,限制了控制精度。
本研究提出的线性化模型,利用时频分析方法分离不同的频率成分,同时考虑谐波分量与基频分量,分别计算不同频率分量的传递函数,满足了介电弹性体驱动器对电压响应产生的2阶分量的要求。与传统方法相比,TET方法能够更准确地捕捉介电弹性体驱动器的非线性动态特性,需要的参数更少,且无需考虑材料特性或自由能密度函数,即可计算出系统传递函数。该方法考虑了系统的高次谐波分量的影响,能够更真实地反映驱动器的动态特性,相较于使用单一传递函数的方法更为精确,更加适用于控制策略的设计。
对于非线性扫频响应信号,为了将基频特性与其他阶次谐波的特性分开,笔者采用短时傅里叶变换来显示信号的时频特性,即
其中:为滤波器窗函数;的共轭复数;的时频谱。
采用瞬态提取变换方法将时频域中的能量集中。首先,采用1阶群延迟(group delay,简称GD) 估计器估计瞬时相位差,提高时频图中频率位置的精度,其可表示为
其中:表示复数的虚部。
其次,利用改进的TET18提取信号的瞬态信息,即
采用标准最小二乘脊线提取法16从瞬态提取变换获得的瞬态信息中提取各个信号成分的频率脊线,得到一系列的GD向量,其维度为。其中,为不同信号成分的个数。
然后,根据时频谱提取GD向量和时‑频域变换矩阵,将每个信号进行拆分。第i个信号成分的TET矩阵
其中:,且为正整数。
经过研究发现,参数决定了用于信号重构的脊线的宽度。
最后,对每个分量在时域进行重构,即
其中:为滤波器窗函数的傅里叶变换,的共轭复数。
传递函数用于描述系统的动态行为,其表示输出信号和输入信号在频域中的比值。对于线性系统,可以写成
其中:为输出信号的傅里叶变换;为输入信号的傅里叶变换。
笔者利用谐波分量提取得到的各分量重构信号,进行各分量的传递函数的构建。本研究着重关注驱动器的振动响应,忽略驱动器的静态变形和黏弹性效应。在这种情况下,系统出现高次谐波和低次谐波,输入信号和输出信号之间的关系为
其中:为具有i阶成分的输入信号的频谱;为与i阶频谱成分相对应的传递函数。
时频分析之后的输出信号表示为
其中:为第i个谐波的信号分量。
i阶传递函数可写为
每个参数分量在离散时间系统中都可以写成
其中:为需要识别的参数。
基于瞬态提取变换的参数辨识流程如图1所示。首先,利用短时傅里叶变换(short‑time Fourier transform,简称STFT)将实验得到的驱动器响应位移信号转换为响应位移的时频谱;其次,使用TET变换和脊线提取优化算法计算各个分量的瞬时信息;然后,在时频域中分离出不同谐波的不同分量,并在时域上重构各个信号分量;最后,利用重构信号和扫频信号来计算每个传递函数的参数。
在进行实验前,首先将介电弹性体薄膜预拉伸成预应变状态的圆形弹性体薄膜,预拉伸率为400%,再将其固定在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)环形框架上,并在薄膜中心黏贴圆形平台,形成一个内圆半径为25 mm、外圆半径为50 mm的环形弹性体薄膜。这一步骤为后续实验提供了必要的弹性体材料和稳定的结构基础。介电弹性体驱动器如图2所示。
在弹性体薄膜的上、下表面涂抹由导电碳脂制成的电极。这些电极能够导电并响应施加的电压,从而产生电流,使得弹性体薄膜产生电致变形。在弹性体薄膜的中央平台底部放置一个5 g重的砝码,以模拟负载条件。
施加的系统输入激励电压是幅值为1 740 V、偏置为1 740 V的交流电压,激励电压通过信号发生器发出并通过高压电源放大产生,频率范围从5 Hz逐渐增加到45 Hz,持续时间为20 s。图3为信号发生器产生的前10 s输入信号的时间序列。激励电压施加到电极上会导致弹性体双轴面内变形,在偏置质量的作用下,平台产生竖直方向位移。为了准确测量弹性体薄膜的位移,使用激光位移传感器测量平台位移。这种传感器能够非接触式地测量物体的位移,并具有高精度和快速响应的特点。
利用上述实验装置,测量了介电弹性体驱动器的响应位移。输出信号的特征如图4所示。从时域图上可以观察到2个明显的峰值,而频谱图上缺失其中1个峰值,这表明系统存在高次谐波分量。此外,时域信号在第6 s处的响应不是标准的正弦函数,这也说明了系统存在明显的非线性特性。
对响应信号进行时频变换后,得到了如图5所示的驱动器响应位移的时频谱。可以看出,时频域中有3个分量,分别为:①基频,从5 Hz逐渐升至45 Hz,持续时间为20 s;②高次谐波,从5 Hz逐渐升至45 Hz,持续时间为10 s;③固有频率,在整个时间段内始终保持在30 Hz。
经过脊线提取和分量分离步骤后,各分量信号的时频谱如图6所示。各分量信号的重构结果如图7所示。重构信号和实验信号的比较如图8所示。可以看出,这3个分量的叠加在时域上与原始信号非常相似。信号的重构质量因子为19.6 dB。
在时域上的第3个分量固有频率成分主要是由阻尼引起的缓慢响应,不影响系统的动态特性。因此,在计算运动控制的传递函数时,可以忽略固有频率分量。
在参数辨识方面,使用最小二乘法19对传递函数的参数进行辨识。基频辨识的传递函数为
基于该传递函数,基频信号的仿真信号与实验数据对比如图9所示。由图可知,测试信号的拟合百分比为92.11%。测试信号的拟合百分比的计算方法为
其中:xiref为第i阶实验数据;为第i阶仿真数据。
对于高次谐波分量而言,辨识的传递函数为
基于该传递函数,高次谐波仿真信号和实验数据的比较如图10所示。由图可知,测试信号的拟合百分比为90.35%。
1) 本研究基于瞬态提取变换提出了一种用于计算介电弹性体驱动器传递函数的参数辨识方法,通过时频变换提取驱动器时域响应各阶分量并进行传递函数辨识。
2) 该方法利用扫频激励过程获得的驱动器位移响应实验数据,在无需考虑材料特性和自由能密度函数的情况下,即可直接计算传递函数。
3) 在时频变换过程中采用了脊线分离提取技术,通过提取各分量信号对不同频率成分的传递函数分别进行参数辨识。该方法考虑到介电弹性体驱动器响应中存在的高次谐波成分,能够更真实地反映驱动器的动态特性,相较于使用单一传递函数的方法更为精确,更加适用于控制策略的设计。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(12202482)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.024
  • 接收时间:2024-04-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-22
  • 修回日期:2025-01-05
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(12202482)
作者信息
    1中国矿业大学机电工程学院 徐州,221116
    2上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院 上海,200240
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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