Article(id=1244336746113123151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702310400000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-12, revisedDate=1706544000000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774602598931, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1759248000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774602598931, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774602598931, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774602598931, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244336743298740932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='855', pageEnd='1056', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774602598261, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603435030, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244340253042000577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244340253042000578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, issueId=1244336743298740932, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=900, endPage=906, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244336748487099276, articleId=1244336746113123151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244311425741537314, language=EN, title=A Thickness Imaging Method for Pipeline Corrosion Damage Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves, columnId=1244336744728998604, journalTitle=Journal of Vibration,Measurement and Diagnosis, columnName=PAPER, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In response to the challenge of quantitatively diagnosing corrosion damage thickness within pipelines,a quantitative imaging method for pipeline corrosion damage using ultrasonic guided waves is proposed. Firstly,based on the frequency domain finite difference method,a numerical model for multi-path helical propagation of guided waves in pipes is established,enabling rapid calculation of guided wave reception signals when thickness map is known. Secondly,by calculating the received signals in the presence of randomly distributed damage,a database comprising 3 500 samples of damage signals is generated through iteratively running the numerical model. Subsequently,a one-dimensional convolutional neural network imaging model is constructed. The model is trained using the generated database to establish a mapping relationship between thickness maps and reception signals,and inputting the reception signals into the imaging model yields corresponding thickness maps. Finally,the feasibility of the proposed method is experimentally validated. The mean square error between experimental imaging results and actual values is 8.6048×10-4,the correlation coefficient is 0.711 6,and the imaging model runtime is 0.538 5 seconds. The results indicate that the proposed method can achieve quantitative imaging of corrosion damage thickness within pipelines with high imaging efficiency.

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针对管道内腐蚀损伤厚度难以定量诊断的问题,提出了一种采用超声导波的管道腐蚀损伤定量成像方法。首先,基于频域有限差分法,建立了管中多路径螺旋传播导波的数值模型,可以在已知厚度图时快速计算出导波接收信号;其次,计算空间内存在随机损伤时的接收信号,重复运行数值模型生成了包含3 500组样本的损伤信号数据库;然后,构建了一维卷积神经网络成像模型,使用生成的数据库训练模型,建立了厚度图和接收信号的映射关系,将接收信号输入成像模型以输出对应的厚度图;最后,通过实验验证了该方法的可行性。实验成像结果与真实值之间的均方差为8.604 8×10-4,相关性系数为0.711 6,成像模型运行时间为0.538 5 s,这表明该方法可以实现管道中腐蚀损伤的厚度定量成像,且成像效率较高。

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李兵,男,1976年12月生,博士、教授。主要研究方向为超声导波无损检测、非线性动力学、振动信号处理及机械故障诊断。 E-mail:
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代希圣,男,1999年9月生,硕士生。主要研究方向为超声导波无损检测。 E-mail:

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代希圣,男,1999年9月生,硕士生。主要研究方向为超声导波无损检测。 E-mail:

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Comparison of running time before and after algorithm optimization

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运行时间优化前优化后
位移场/s62.0021.00
每个样本/s617.80192.60
总时间/h600.6026.75
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算法优化前后运行时间对比

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运行时间优化前优化后
位移场/s62.0021.00
每个样本/s617.80192.60
总时间/h600.6026.75
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Parameters of model structure

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序号层名称核大小/步长信道数
1卷积层121×1/1×116
2池化层15×1/5×116
3卷积层215×1/1×164
4池化层24×1/4×164
5卷积层39×1/1×1256
6池化层33×1/3×1256
7BN层256×9561
8全连接层5121
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1D⁃CNN模型结构参数

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序号层名称核大小/步长信道数
1卷积层121×1/1×116
2池化层15×1/5×116
3卷积层215×1/1×164
4池化层24×1/4×164
5卷积层39×1/1×1256
6池化层33×1/3×1256
7BN层256×9561
8全连接层5121
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Loss and correlation coefficient of three models

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节点数损失函数值相关性系数
训练集测试集
1280.369 9
2560.728 2
5120.871 7
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3种模型的损失函数值和相关性系数

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节点数损失函数值相关性系数
训练集测试集
1280.369 9
2560.728 2
5120.871 7
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Parameters of experimental object

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实验对象参数数值实验对象参数数值
管道外径/mm44.5其他激励接收间距/mm300
长度/mm1 000损伤深度/mm2.5
壁厚/mm4损伤直径/mm50
密度/(kg·m-3)7 850周期数5
弹性模量/GPa206激励频率/kHz100
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实验对象参数

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实验对象参数数值实验对象参数数值
管道外径/mm44.5其他激励接收间距/mm300
长度/mm1 000损伤深度/mm2.5
壁厚/mm4损伤直径/mm50
密度/(kg·m-3)7 850周期数5
弹性模量/GPa206激励频率/kHz100
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采用超声导波的管道腐蚀损伤厚度成像方法
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代希圣 1, 2 , 周涛 1, 2 , 薛超龙 1, 2 , 张云飞 1, 2 , 李兵 1, 2
振动、测试与诊断 | 论文 2025,45(5): 900-906
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振动、测试与诊断 | 论文 2025, 45(5): 900-906
采用超声导波的管道腐蚀损伤厚度成像方法
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代希圣1, 2 , 周涛1, 2, 薛超龙1, 2, 张云飞1, 2, 李兵1, 2
作者信息
  • 1西安交通大学机械工程学院 西安,710049
  • 2西安交通大学航空动力系统与等离子体技术全国重点实验室 西安,710049
  • 代希圣,男,1999年9月生,硕士生。主要研究方向为超声导波无损检测。 E-mail:

通讯作者:

李兵,男,1976年12月生,博士、教授。主要研究方向为超声导波无损检测、非线性动力学、振动信号处理及机械故障诊断。 E-mail:
A Thickness Imaging Method for Pipeline Corrosion Damage Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves
Xisheng DAI1, 2 , Tao ZHOU1, 2, Chaolong XUE1, 2, Yunfei ZHANG1, 2, Bing LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Mechanical Engineering,Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an,710049,China
  • 2.The National Key Laboratory of Aerospace Power System and Plasma Technology,Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an,710049,China
出版时间: 2025-10-01 doi: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.006
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针对管道内腐蚀损伤厚度难以定量诊断的问题,提出了一种采用超声导波的管道腐蚀损伤定量成像方法。首先,基于频域有限差分法,建立了管中多路径螺旋传播导波的数值模型,可以在已知厚度图时快速计算出导波接收信号;其次,计算空间内存在随机损伤时的接收信号,重复运行数值模型生成了包含3 500组样本的损伤信号数据库;然后,构建了一维卷积神经网络成像模型,使用生成的数据库训练模型,建立了厚度图和接收信号的映射关系,将接收信号输入成像模型以输出对应的厚度图;最后,通过实验验证了该方法的可行性。实验成像结果与真实值之间的均方差为8.604 8×10-4,相关性系数为0.711 6,成像模型运行时间为0.538 5 s,这表明该方法可以实现管道中腐蚀损伤的厚度定量成像,且成像效率较高。

超声导波  /  管道结构  /  损伤成像  /  有限差分法  /  卷积神经网络

In response to the challenge of quantitatively diagnosing corrosion damage thickness within pipelines,a quantitative imaging method for pipeline corrosion damage using ultrasonic guided waves is proposed. Firstly,based on the frequency domain finite difference method,a numerical model for multi-path helical propagation of guided waves in pipes is established,enabling rapid calculation of guided wave reception signals when thickness map is known. Secondly,by calculating the received signals in the presence of randomly distributed damage,a database comprising 3 500 samples of damage signals is generated through iteratively running the numerical model. Subsequently,a one-dimensional convolutional neural network imaging model is constructed. The model is trained using the generated database to establish a mapping relationship between thickness maps and reception signals,and inputting the reception signals into the imaging model yields corresponding thickness maps. Finally,the feasibility of the proposed method is experimentally validated. The mean square error between experimental imaging results and actual values is 8.6048×10-4,the correlation coefficient is 0.711 6,and the imaging model runtime is 0.538 5 seconds. The results indicate that the proposed method can achieve quantitative imaging of corrosion damage thickness within pipelines with high imaging efficiency.

ultrasonic guided wave  /  pipeline structure  /  damage imaging  /  finite difference method  /  convolutional neural network
代希圣, 周涛, 薛超龙, 张云飞, 李兵. 采用超声导波的管道腐蚀损伤厚度成像方法. 振动、测试与诊断, 2025 , 45 (5) : 900 -906 . DOI: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.006
Xisheng DAI, Tao ZHOU, Chaolong XUE, Yunfei ZHANG, Bing LI. A Thickness Imaging Method for Pipeline Corrosion Damage Using Ultrasonic Guided Waves[J]. Journal of Vibration,Measurement and Diagnosis, 2025 , 45 (5) : 900 -906 . DOI: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.006
在工业领域,管道运输已成为我国第五大运输工具。截止2022年底,中国油气输送管道总里程累计已达约15.5万千米1。随着管道服役年限的不断延长和服役环境的变化,管道表面的腐蚀、裂纹等损伤会使管道局部减薄,当损伤扩展到一定阶段时,管道就会发生油气泄露,引发事故。其中,腐蚀损伤是引起管道失效的最常见的损伤形式之一2。为了减少此类事故的发生,针对工业管道早期腐蚀损伤的无损检测尤为重要。传统检测方法大多需要逐点检测3,且需要去除管道外的包覆层,对长距离工业管道的检测效率较低。应用超声导波的无损检测方法具有无需去除包覆层、检测距离长及效率高等优点,近年来被广泛应用于工业管道无损检测领域4
超声导波损伤成像技术是以传感器信号为基础,通过信号处理,逆向计算出损伤图像,并将图像可视化的过程。导波成像方法主要包括相控阵成像5、时间反转6、层析成像7、偏移成像8以及延迟叠加等9方法。以上成像方法大多只能对损伤的形状成像,缺乏损伤厚度方向的信息。近年来,出现了一些可以对平板结构中的腐蚀损伤定量成像的方法。Sharma等10使用超声导波量化了腐蚀造成的损伤。Rao等11提出了一种基于全波形反演的损伤重建算法。随着智能诊断技术的发展12,智能算法也被应用于损伤定量成像中。Huthwaite等13将鲁棒乳腺超声断层扫描的混合算法扩展到导波断层扫描。Wang等14利用数据驱动的方法,在10 mm铝板中实现了对损伤厚度的定量成像。然而,上述方法局限于对平板结构的检测,缺乏对管道中腐蚀损伤的定量成像,这是由于导波在管道结构中传播时存在多路径螺旋传播,因此现有方法难以应用于管道中的腐蚀损伤厚度定量成像。
针对上述问题,笔者提出了一种应用超声导波的管道腐蚀损伤厚度成像方法。首先,基于频域有限差分法,建立了管中多阶次导波的数值模型,并优化求解算法,提高了运算效率,以此为基础构建了损伤信号数据库;其次,建立了一维卷积神经网络模型,使用损伤信号数据库训练模型;最后,搭建了实验系统,在管道中测量导波信号,并将接收信号输入神经网络,在输出端得到预测的厚度图,实现了对损伤厚度的定量成像。
本研究对象为单层金属管道,假设其各向同性、均匀且线弹性,将其看作一个空心圆柱,外径为r,壁厚为d。在特殊情况下,管中导波Lmn)退化成沿管道轮廓螺旋路径传播的Lamb波,其波结构与平板中的Lamb波相似,且管道的直径和壁厚的比值越大,这种相似程度就越高。经计算15,在直径为80 mm、壁厚为5 mm的管中,频率大于50 kHz管中导波的波结构与Lamb波几乎一致。因此,通常认为管道的r / d > 10时,管中导波可以使用Lamb波频散曲线来确定波速1617
在这种情况下,当圆柱表面存在一对激励⁃接收换能器对(Ei⁃Ri)时,导波可以通过多条螺旋路径从Ei传播至Ri16。管中导波多路径螺旋传播示意图如图1所示,图中只展示了前3个螺旋路径。其中:nh为传播路径的阶数,nh = 0,-1,+1,-2,+2,…,-∞,+∞,第0阶为最短路径;lh为不同阶次传播路径的长度。
管中导波满足近似条件时,螺旋传播可以等价为沿管道轴向展开的平板中的直线传播16,将管道中原有的接收换能器在展开管的两侧周期排列,组成新的接收换能器。其中,管道中原有的接收换能器称为物理换能器,复制出的接收换能器称为虚拟换能器。将物理换能器和虚拟换能器的接收信号叠加,可以得到管中导波的多阶次波形信号。虚拟换能器的间距为2πr,激励换能器与接收换能器的轴向距离为L,周向距离为B,则lh可以表示为
Lamb波群速度频散曲线如图2所示。图中:蓝色代表反对称模式,用A表示;红色代表对称模式,用S表示;下标代表不同的阶次。每条路径的到达时间为
其中:Vg为群速度。
将圆柱模型展开为周期排列的平板,建立其导波传播的数值模型,可以有效减小计算量,并能描述管中导波的多阶次特性,模拟不同阶次的导波1718
在计算Lamb波时,通常假设介质的厚度是均匀的,当频率一定、厚度缓慢变化时,其相速度和群速度随厚度的变化而变化,且在频率较低的频段,S0和A0模式的相速度和群速度均与厚度呈一一对应的关系。基于此,可以用二维体波等效速度模型来近似描述Lamb波。频域波动方程为
其中:为拉普拉斯算子;为波数,为圆频率,c为波速;U为频域位移向量。
由于计算资源有限,通常将波动方程写作带边界吸收层的形式,用来在空间域的边界增加一个吸收层,从而抑制边界反射。常用的边界层为完美匹配层(perfect match layer,简称PML),是一种对波场近乎理想的吸收层。将波动方程写为PML形式19,即
其中:分别为变量xy的可微函数。
当点在边界层外时,都等于0;在边界层内时,
其中:f0为激励源的中心频率;LPML为边界层的宽度;lxly 为边界层内的点(xy)与边界层边界的距离;为常数,通常选=1.79。
采用差分形式计算波场时,通常将空间域划分成网格形式,每一点处的位移由其周围的若干点确定。本研究采用的是9点差分法,即点(xmyn)处的位移由周围的9个点确定,如图3所示。
将每一点处的位移方程组装成矩阵形式,并且加入激励源,即
其中:S为阻抗矩阵;Pxω)为频域激励向量;x为位置向量。
在频域内遍历每个频率点求解以上矩阵方程,再将求解的频域位移场作逆傅里叶变换至时域,可得到时域中的位移场。
笔者根据管中导波多路径螺旋传播特性,基于有限差分原理,建立了模拟管中前3阶导波的数值模型,其模型参数如图4所示。其中,管道外径r = 44.5 mm,展开后每个矩形区域的宽度为2πr ≈ 280 mm,无损伤处的厚度T0 = 4 mm,物理换能器均匀等距分布在中央,其数量n = 8。在物理换能器两侧分布有相同数量等距的虚拟换能器,这3组换能器共同组成接收换能器。激励换能器的数量与物理换能器数量相同。激励换能器与接收换能器之间的轴向距离L = 300 mm,相邻换能器周向间距B = 35 mm,边界吸收层宽度LPML = 10 mm。根据网格大小选取原则19,需确保波形信号不失真并且减少计算量,本研究选取的网格大小为h = 1 mm。
要模拟区域中存在损伤时导波的波形信号,需要在模型中设置损伤。在数值模型中,空间域被划分成网格形式,根据Lamb波频散曲线,网格中每一点的波速对应该点的厚度。在设置参数时,通过改变各网格点处波速,再利用频散曲线将速度转换为厚度,以此来模拟变厚度的腐蚀损伤。笔者研究单个腐蚀损伤存在的情况,在区域内的随机位置设置一个随机形状和大小的腐蚀损伤,损伤最大深度D = 2.5 mm。随机损伤厚度图如图5所示,图中展示了两个具有随机损伤的厚度图。
为了方便反演成像,需要选取导波波速随厚度变化较剧烈的频率段。根据频散曲线,选取厚度为4 mm、频率为100 kHz的A0模式导波,其激励类型为脉冲激励,激励信号为汉宁窗调制的5周期正弦信号。
利用Matlab软件,通过编程语言实现以上模型,通过数值计算得到已知损伤厚度分布时的接收信号。模型运行时,令8个激励点交替激励,最终可以得到一组8×8的接收信号,重复以上步骤,即可得到多个包含接收信号和厚度图的样本,这些样本构成了各种随机腐蚀损伤对应的接收信号的数据库,简称“损伤信号数据库”。
数值模型计算得到不同时刻波场可视化结果如图6所示。其中,黄色直线将不同区域和边界吸收层隔开,黄色圆形区域表示损伤所在位置,绿色圆点表示激励换能器,红色圆点表示接收换能器。
将接收换能器中各组换能器对应位置的接收信号叠加,得到模拟的管中前3阶导波信号。叠加后的接收信号如图7所示。数值模拟得到的导波信号呈现出多阶次传播的规律,每组信号包含3个阶次的波包,分别对应管中导波的前3阶模型。
为了提高运算效率,以便于得到大批量损伤信号数据样本,本研究对数值模型的运算效率进行了优化。首先,将串行运算改为并行运算,计算位移场时多个频率点并行计算,缩短了位移场的计算时间;其次,将阻抗矩阵等大型矩阵改为稀疏形式储存,加快了读取速度;最后,利用高性能计算平台,进行多核同时计算,大大提升了计算效率。最终,生成了一个包含3 500组样本的损伤信号数据库。算法优化前后运行时间对比见表1
对损伤厚度定量成像,实际上是提取接收信号中的损伤特征,并将其重构成厚度图。当导波经过损伤时,由于损伤区域波速变化,到达接收换能器的时间会发生变化,因此接收信号波包的相位信息中包含了损伤特征。为了从接收信号中提取损伤区域的厚度特征,采用传统的全波形反演应用梯度下降法来重构损伤图像20,所需成像时间较长,单次成像需要1.5 h以上。
本研究搭建了一个一维卷积神经网络(1D⁃convolutional neural network,简称1D⁃CNN),其架构示意图如图8所示,包括卷积层、池化层、批归一化层(batch normalization,简称BN)及全连接层等。建立卷积神经网络的目的是使用损伤信号数据库,提前训练1D⁃CNN,建立接收信号和厚度图之间的映射关系。训练完成后,将接收信号输入网络,在输出端即可得到经过神经网络拟合的厚度图。
利用1D⁃CNN的成像具体过程如下。
1) 将来自8个均匀分布的接收换能器阵列的接收信号做归一化处理后,将其展开为一个一维向量,输入至输入层。在输入层相邻连接卷积层,并且在卷积层后引入ReLU激活层。在卷积层之后增加一个最大池化层,可以防止过拟合,并且实现参数降维。
2) 将卷积和池化运算提取的特征转移到正则化层,用于加速训练和提高泛化能力。正则化后,连接全连接层进行特征平坦化。网络训练的目的是建立接收信号与损伤图像之间的关系,在输出层使用sigmoid作为激活函数。网络训练的过程就是通过调整模型参数使损失函数最小化。损失函数可以选用均方误差表示,即
其中:均为一维向量;为损伤图像真值;为sigmoid函数的输出值,其取值范围为(0,1)。
3) 在正向传播得到输出值并且求得损失函数的值后,需要反向传播优化网络参数。在训练网络时,引入自适应矩估计算法来加速网络训练,同时可以一定程度地避免训练中的过拟合。
4) 训练结束后,将输出层的厚度图反归一化,将其还原成真实厚度图。
卷积层和池化层的数量及参数会影响模型的成像性能,其中包括卷积核的数量和大小、最大池化滤波器的大小及全连接层节点的数量等。由于输入向量较大,因此在第1个卷积和池化交替层中,卷积核和池化滤波器的大小也应该较大,以扩大接收范围,捕获更多的信息。随着层数的增加,卷积核和池化滤波器的大小减小,数量增加,以获得更详细的信息14。最终,选择的1D⁃CNN模型结构参数见表2
为了在训练过程中保证训练速度和防止计算机内存溢出,本研究将批大小设置为32;为防止过拟合,将总迭代数设置为60;为了提高模型的泛化能力,在训练前采用3∶1的比例划分训练集和测试集。此外,在每个任务结束时对训练集和测试集进行洗牌,再根据上述分配比例规则重新划分训练集和测试集。在训练中为了防止由于学习率过大导致的结果不收敛,在训练过程中采用自适应学习率。
在所有模型参数中,全连接层节点的数量对成像的精度影响很大。过多的节点数会导致全连接层的参数增多,使得模型过大,计算效率降低;过少的节点数则不能提取到足够的特征,成像精度较低。综合考虑下,初步选择全连接层节点数为128节点、256节点和512节点的3种模型,分别对比其成像精度。3种模型的损失函数值和相关性系数见表3。最终,选择全连接层节点数量为512的1D⁃CNN模型作为成像模型。
为了量化成像精度,除了使用输出值与真值之间的均方差外,Pearson相关系数也是重要的评价指标之一,相关性系数越高,则成像结果越接近真值。相关性系数表达式为
其中:为协方差;为方差。
为了验证成像方法的可行性,笔者搭建了损伤成像实验系统,如图9所示。该系统包括信号发生器、功率放大器、压电换能器、激光测振仪、数据采集卡及计算机等。实验对象选用单层304不锈钢管道,具体参数见表4
实验时为了在管中激发出多路径螺旋传播的导波,激励端采用由8个均匀分布的圆形压电式换能器组成的换能器阵列。接收端使用激光测振仪采集接收信号,利用单探头激光测振仪接收离面位移的特性,测量接收点处A0模式导波信号。
损伤的形状及厚度表达式为
其中:T0为管道壁厚;D为损伤最大深度;R为距中心点的距离;W为损伤直径。
本研究在实验所用管道外表面加工出一块变厚度的圆形区域,用来模拟腐蚀损伤。实验系统及损伤模型实物图如图10所示。
由于真实的接收信号与数值模拟的接收信号有一定差异,需要对实验信号预处理后再输入1D⁃CNN中成像。首先,对原始信号带通滤波,去除高频噪声;其次,以原始激励信号为基准,使用脉冲压缩方法,获得与基准波形匹配的脉冲序列,这些序列即为提取到的波包;然后,加入门控信号,将门控信号与原信号相乘滤除时间窗外的信号,以减少不必要的噪声,门控信号在时间窗内的值为1,时间窗外为0,过渡段用正弦信号连接,其时间窗大小由导波传播的最长和最短路径确定;最后,消除各换能器之间的误差,以传播路径中没有经过损伤的信号为基准信号,作为校正因子,与相同长度的传播路径下其他换能器的接收信号对比,消除由于换能器安装或自身误差导致的零点漂移和幅值偏差。实验信号预处理流程如图11所示。
将预处理后的实验信号输入到1D⁃CNN中,实验信号成像结果如图12所示。为了量化对比成像结果,在轴向和周向分别做剖面线,对比二者在剖面线上的厚度值。
实验成像结果与真实值之间的均方差为8.604 8×10-4,Pearson相关性系数为0.711 6,成像结果在x轴和z轴上分别存在4 mm和2 mm的偏移,成像结果的位置较为准确。成像时,将一组接收信号输入神经网络,得到一个损伤图像的时间为0.538 5 s。传统全波形反演成像方法单次成像时间大约为1.5 h20,相比于传统方法,本研究所提方法成像效率更高。
1) 根据超声导波在管道中的多路径螺旋传播特性,基于频域有限差分法,建立了管中多阶次导波的数值模型,并利用优化后的数值模型计算生成了一个包含3 500组样本的损伤信号数据库。相比于传统的数值模拟方法,该方法能够快速得到大批量的数据,为后续研究提供基础。
2) 搭建了一维卷积网络成像模型,使用生成的损伤信号数据库训练模型,建立了接收信号和厚度图之间的映射关系,得到了一个输入接收信号便可以输出预测的厚度图的神经网络模型。
3) 搭建了损伤成像实验系统,将实验信号预处理后输入训练好的神经网络模型中,成像结果定位准确,并且一定程度上实现了损伤的厚度定量成像。
4) 相比于传统的超声导波管道损伤成像方法,本研究结合人工智能算法,实现了损伤厚度定量成像,且成像效率较高,在工业管道无损检测领域有一定的应用前景。
  • 国防科技基础加强计划资助项目(MKF20210014)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.16450/j.cnki.issn.1004-6801.2025.05.006
  • 接收时间:2023-12-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-12
  • 修回日期:2024-01-30
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国防科技基础加强计划资助项目(MKF20210014)
作者信息
    1西安交通大学机械工程学院 西安,710049
    2西安交通大学航空动力系统与等离子体技术全国重点实验室 西安,710049

通讯作者:

李兵,男,1976年12月生,博士、教授。主要研究方向为超声导波无损检测、非线性动力学、振动信号处理及机械故障诊断。 E-mail:
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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