Article(id=1244321223606382838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244284848500682798, issueId=1244321215637209904, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16156/j.1004-7220.2025.05.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735574400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-31, revisedDate=1740931200000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774598898078, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1759248000000, pubDateStr=2025-10-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774598898078, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774598898078, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774598898078, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244321215637209904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244284848500682798, year='2025', volume='40', issue='5', pageStart='1079', pageEnd='1366', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774598896178, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774599509568, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244323788452639476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244284848500682798, issueId=1244321215637209904, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244323788452639477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244284848500682798, issueId=1244321215637209904, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1144, endPage=1149, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244321226106188110, articleId=1244321223606382838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244284848500682798, language=EN, title=Impact of Postoperative Reduction Quality on Biomechanics of the Femoral Head Following Internal Fixation of Femoral Neck Fractures, columnId=1244321216404767539, journalTitle=Journal of Medical Biomechanics, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the effect of postoperative reduction quality in femoral neck fracture internal fixation on mechanical properties of the femoral head from the perspective of trabecular bone biomechanics.

Methods

From patients who underwent hip replacement surgery for femoral neck fractures, a total of 26 femoral head slice specimens were obtained. The central axis of the primary compressive trabeculae was defined as the 0° group, with the intersection point of the primary compressive trabeculae and the femoral calcar serving as the center. By rotating the specimens to simulate different reduction angles, the cut femoral head slice specimens were randomly divided into five groups: -10°, -5°, 0°, 5°, and 10°, representing femoral heads with varying reduction qualities. The specimens were subjected to single compression load tests and fatigue load tests. The load was set from 70 N to 1 400 N, at a frequency of 1 Hz, with 10 000 cycles. Axial stiffness, displacement, and the number of collapse cycles were measured, to compare the biomechanical properties of femoral head specimens under different reduction qualities.

Results

There were differences in the axial stiffness, displacement, and number of collapse cycles among the femoral head specimens in different groups. Under 800 N load, the axial stiffness of 0° group was significantly greater than that of ±10° groups (P<0.05). The axial stiffness of 0° group was also greater than that of the ±5° groups, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The axial stiffness of ±5° groups was greater than that of ±10° groups (P<0.05). 0° group had a lower displacement than ±5° groups and ±10° groups. However, the differences in displacement between 0° group and ±5° groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05), while the differences between the 0° group and ±10° groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The differences in displacement between ±5° groups and ±10° groups were also statistically significant (P<0.05). 0° group had a significantly higher number of collapse cycles than ±10° groups (P<0.05). The number of collapse cycles in 0° group was also higher than that in ±5° groups, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The number of collapse cycles in ±5° groups was significantly higher than that ±10° groups (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The quality of reduction after internal fixation of femoral neck fractures significantly affects the biomechanical properties of the femoral head. This study provides a scientific basis for optimizing treatment and postoperative management, aiming to improve clinical outcomes and patients’ quality of life.

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目的

从骨小梁生物力学的角度探讨股骨颈骨折内固定术后复位质量对股骨头力学性能的影响。

方法

从接受髋关节置换术的股骨颈骨折患者中获得26枚股骨头并进行组织切片。将主压力骨小梁中轴定义为0°组,以主压力骨小梁在股骨距的交点作为中心,通过转动标本模拟不同的复位角度,将切割后的股骨头切片标本随机分为-10°、-5°、0°、5°、10°五组,分别代表不同复位质量的股骨头。对标本进行单次压缩载荷试验和疲劳载荷试验,设定载荷70~1 400 N,频率1 Hz,循环次数10 000次,测量轴向刚度、位移、塌陷循环次数,比较股骨头标本在不同复位质量的生物力学性能。

结果

不同分组股骨头标本的轴向刚度、位移、塌陷循环次数存在差异。在800 N载荷下,0°组轴向刚度显著大于±10°组(P<0.05)。0°组轴向刚度大于±5°组(P>0.05)。±5°组轴向刚度大于±10°组。0°组位移低于±5°组、±10°组,但0°组和±5°组位移差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),0°组和±10°组位移差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。±5°组和±10°组位移差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。0°组塌陷循环次数显著高于±10°组(P<0.05)。0°组塌陷循环次数高于±5°组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。±5°组塌陷循环次数显著高于±10°组(P<0.05)。

结论

股骨颈骨折内固定术后复位质量对股骨头的生物力学性能有显著影响。研究结果为优化股骨颈骨折的治疗方案和术后管理提供了科学依据,有助于改善患者的临床预后和生活质量。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
马信龙,教授,博士生导师,E-mail:
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作者贡献声明:

张士雄、韩哲、陈佳晖、代菁、李鹏飞、赵杰负责实验构思及论文撰写;张士雄、韩哲负责标本收集;张士雄、卢斌、王颖、田爱现、孙磊、柏豪豪、靳洪震负责标本制作;马剑雄、马信龙负责论文审阅。

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股骨颈骨折内固定术后复位质量对股骨头生物力学的影响
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张士雄 1, 2, 3 , 马剑雄 2, 3 , 卢斌 2, 3 , 王颖 2, 3 , 田爱现 2, 3 , 孙磊 2, 3 , 韩哲 2 , 陈佳晖 1, 2, 3 , 代菁 2, 3 , 柏豪豪 2, 3 , 靳洪震 2, 3 , 赵杰 2 , 李鹏飞 2 , 马信龙 2, 3
医用生物力学 | 论著 2025,40(5): 1144-1149
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医用生物力学 | 论著 2025, 40(5): 1144-1149
股骨颈骨折内固定术后复位质量对股骨头生物力学的影响
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张士雄1, 2, 3, 马剑雄2, 3, 卢斌2, 3, 王颖2, 3, 田爱现2, 3, 孙磊2, 3, 韩哲2, 陈佳晖1, 2, 3, 代菁2, 3, 柏豪豪2, 3, 靳洪震2, 3, 赵杰2, 李鹏飞2, 马信龙2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.天津医科大学 骨科临床学院,天津 300070
  • 2.天津大学天津医院(天津市天津医院),天津 300211
  • 3.天津市骨科研究所,天津 300050

通讯作者:

马信龙,教授,博士生导师,E-mail:
Impact of Postoperative Reduction Quality on Biomechanics of the Femoral Head Following Internal Fixation of Femoral Neck Fractures
Shixiong ZHANG1, 2, 3, Jianxiong MA2, 3, Bin LU2, 3, Ying WANG2, 3, Aixian TIAN2, 3, Lei SUN2, 3, Zhe HAN2, Jiahui CHEN1, 2, 3, Jing DAI2, 3, Haohao BAI2, 3, Hongzhen JIN2, 3, Jie ZHAO2, Pengfei LI2, Xinlong MA2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Clinical Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
  • 2.Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300211, China
  • 3.Tianjin Institute of Orthopedics, Tianjin 300050, China
出版时间: 2025-10-01 doi: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2025.05.008
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目的

从骨小梁生物力学的角度探讨股骨颈骨折内固定术后复位质量对股骨头力学性能的影响。

方法

从接受髋关节置换术的股骨颈骨折患者中获得26枚股骨头并进行组织切片。将主压力骨小梁中轴定义为0°组,以主压力骨小梁在股骨距的交点作为中心,通过转动标本模拟不同的复位角度,将切割后的股骨头切片标本随机分为-10°、-5°、0°、5°、10°五组,分别代表不同复位质量的股骨头。对标本进行单次压缩载荷试验和疲劳载荷试验,设定载荷70~1 400 N,频率1 Hz,循环次数10 000次,测量轴向刚度、位移、塌陷循环次数,比较股骨头标本在不同复位质量的生物力学性能。

结果

不同分组股骨头标本的轴向刚度、位移、塌陷循环次数存在差异。在800 N载荷下,0°组轴向刚度显著大于±10°组(P<0.05)。0°组轴向刚度大于±5°组(P>0.05)。±5°组轴向刚度大于±10°组。0°组位移低于±5°组、±10°组,但0°组和±5°组位移差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),0°组和±10°组位移差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。±5°组和±10°组位移差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。0°组塌陷循环次数显著高于±10°组(P<0.05)。0°组塌陷循环次数高于±5°组,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。±5°组塌陷循环次数显著高于±10°组(P<0.05)。

结论

股骨颈骨折内固定术后复位质量对股骨头的生物力学性能有显著影响。研究结果为优化股骨颈骨折的治疗方案和术后管理提供了科学依据,有助于改善患者的临床预后和生活质量。

股骨头坏死  /  复位质量  /  骨小梁  /  生物力学
Objective

To investigate the effect of postoperative reduction quality in femoral neck fracture internal fixation on mechanical properties of the femoral head from the perspective of trabecular bone biomechanics.

Methods

From patients who underwent hip replacement surgery for femoral neck fractures, a total of 26 femoral head slice specimens were obtained. The central axis of the primary compressive trabeculae was defined as the 0° group, with the intersection point of the primary compressive trabeculae and the femoral calcar serving as the center. By rotating the specimens to simulate different reduction angles, the cut femoral head slice specimens were randomly divided into five groups: -10°, -5°, 0°, 5°, and 10°, representing femoral heads with varying reduction qualities. The specimens were subjected to single compression load tests and fatigue load tests. The load was set from 70 N to 1 400 N, at a frequency of 1 Hz, with 10 000 cycles. Axial stiffness, displacement, and the number of collapse cycles were measured, to compare the biomechanical properties of femoral head specimens under different reduction qualities.

Results

There were differences in the axial stiffness, displacement, and number of collapse cycles among the femoral head specimens in different groups. Under 800 N load, the axial stiffness of 0° group was significantly greater than that of ±10° groups (P<0.05). The axial stiffness of 0° group was also greater than that of the ±5° groups, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The axial stiffness of ±5° groups was greater than that of ±10° groups (P<0.05). 0° group had a lower displacement than ±5° groups and ±10° groups. However, the differences in displacement between 0° group and ±5° groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05), while the differences between the 0° group and ±10° groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The differences in displacement between ±5° groups and ±10° groups were also statistically significant (P<0.05). 0° group had a significantly higher number of collapse cycles than ±10° groups (P<0.05). The number of collapse cycles in 0° group was also higher than that in ±5° groups, but the differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The number of collapse cycles in ±5° groups was significantly higher than that ±10° groups (P<0.05).

Conclusions

The quality of reduction after internal fixation of femoral neck fractures significantly affects the biomechanical properties of the femoral head. This study provides a scientific basis for optimizing treatment and postoperative management, aiming to improve clinical outcomes and patients’ quality of life.

osteonecrosis of the femoral head  /  reduction quality  /  trabecular bone  /  biomechanics
张士雄, 马剑雄, 卢斌, 王颖, 田爱现, 孙磊, 韩哲, 陈佳晖, 代菁, 柏豪豪, 靳洪震, 赵杰, 李鹏飞, 马信龙. 股骨颈骨折内固定术后复位质量对股骨头生物力学的影响. 医用生物力学, 2025 , 40 (5) : 1144 -1149 . DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2025.05.008
Shixiong ZHANG, Jianxiong MA, Bin LU, Ying WANG, Aixian TIAN, Lei SUN, Zhe HAN, Jiahui CHEN, Jing DAI, Haohao BAI, Hongzhen JIN, Jie ZHAO, Pengfei LI, Xinlong MA. Impact of Postoperative Reduction Quality on Biomechanics of the Femoral Head Following Internal Fixation of Femoral Neck Fractures[J]. Journal of Medical Biomechanics, 2025 , 40 (5) : 1144 -1149 . DOI: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2025.05.008
股骨颈骨折(femoral neck fracture,FNF)是一种常见的髋部骨折类型,尤其多见于老年人,约占全身骨折的3.6%,髋部骨折的54%[1-2]。近年来,随着人口老龄化进程加快,FNF的发生率呈现上升趋势,预计到2050年,髋部骨折的数量将增加1倍,这将为医疗系统带来巨大的压力[3]。FNF内固定术是临床常用且有效的治疗方式,与髋关节置换术相比,内固定失血和手术创伤更少,手术时间更短[4-5]。然而,由于术后骨不连和股骨头坏死(osteonecrosis of the femoral head,ONFH)等并发症发生率高,通过内固定治疗FNF的临床效果并不令人满意。既往研究认为,FNF破坏了股骨头的血液供应,是导致FNF内固定术后ONFH发生的主要原因[6-7]。但越来越多的研究表明,FNF内固定术后ONFH的发生率与复位质量、骨小梁生物力学特性密切相关[8-10]。复位质量不佳会使骨小梁受力不均,导致局部应力集中及骨小梁的结构和力学性能受损,从而增加ONFH的风险。因此,探讨FNF内固定术后复位质量与股骨头骨小梁的生物力学性能的关系,对于优化FNF内固定手术方案、改善患者预后、提高患者生活质量以及降低并发症发生率具有至关重要的意义。本文通过对不同角度股骨头标本进行力学实验,探究在不同复位质量下股骨头力学性能变化,为临床治疗和康复提供有益的指导。
从接受髋关节置换术FNF患者中获取股骨头标本,并根据研究标准筛选出13个合格标本。13位FNF患者中,男性3例,女性10例;手术侧左侧8例,右侧5例;年龄(66.92±5.44)岁;骨密度(1.09±0.32)g/cm2。本研究经天津市天津医院伦理委员会批准(2024医伦审245),患者在术前均签署了知情同意书。
纳入标准:①临床及影像学诊断为FNF;②新鲜FNF(伤后3周内手术);③使用髋关节置换术治疗;④术前骨密度检查无骨质疏松;⑤无ONFH、关节炎等髋关节疾病。排除标准:①受伤超过3周的陈旧性骨折;②合并骨质疏松患者;③合并ONFH、关节炎等髋关节疾病。
所有标本都经过规范的采集和保存处理,以防止标本在后续实验中发生变化。将每枚股骨头标本沿冠状位方向切割成两片,每片厚度约为1 cm[见图1(a)],共获得26个股骨头切片标本,能清晰观察到主压力骨小梁形态及走行方向,确保实验中标本的一致性和可重复性。实验前,对所有标本进行高分辨X线检查[见图1(b)],以确认标本的完整性,排除标本中的骨折或骨质破坏,确保实验数据的准确性和可靠性。标本制备过程中使用0.9%NaCl保持表面湿润,保鲜膜包裹后放入-20 ℃低温冰箱中密封保存。
首先,将主压力骨小梁的中轴定义为0°组[见图1(c)]。随后,以主压力骨小梁在股骨距的交点作为中心,通过转动标本模拟不同的复位角度。将切割后的股骨头切片标本随机分为-10°、-5°、0°、5°、10°组,分别代表不同复位质量的股骨头,每组标本5枚,共25枚,剩余1枚股骨头切片标本备用。所有标本在室温下解冻后,使用义齿基托丙烯酸树脂对标本进行包埋处理。
采用ElectroForce® 3510动态力学测试系统(Bose公司,美国)进行单次压缩载荷试验和疲劳载荷试验[见图1(d)]。实验前确认实验条件,如预载荷、频率、振幅、数据记录。将标本的义齿基托底座固定在试验机的基座平台上,关节表面与3D打印的髋臼模型接触,以模拟股骨头在体内的受力点及受力方式。以1 mm/min速度将垂直压缩载荷施加到股骨头标本,计算每组在0.4、0.8、1.2 kN加载时轴向刚度。股骨头的轴向刚度的计算公式[11]为:
轴向刚度=轴向载荷/纵向位移
单次压缩载荷试验完成后继续将标本固定在试验机的基座平台上进行疲劳载荷试验。在系统中设定载荷70~1 400 N,频率1 Hz,循环次数10 000次。实验结束后去除负载,记录股骨头的位移及塌陷循环次数。
所得数据使用SPSS 22.0进行统计学分析。数值变量以(平均数±标准差)表示,分类变量以频率和百分比表示。5组标本之间轴向刚度、塌陷循环次数、位移的比较采用完全随机设计资料的方差分析(one-way ANOVA)和组间两两比较的LSD-t检验进行统计学处理。P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
在单次压缩载荷试验中,所有样本均未出现塌陷。计算每组在0.4、0.8、1.2 kN时轴向刚度。同时,分析每组在0.8 kN载荷下轴向刚度,发现0°组[(553.85±243.98)N/mm]轴向刚度显著大于10°组[(146.2±64.2)N/mm]和-10°组[(210.6± 151.58)N/mm](P<0.05)。0°组轴向刚度大于5°组[(343.7±104.77)N/mm]和-5°组[(442.22± 169.34)N/mm],但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。此外,±5°组的轴向刚度显著大于±10°组(P<0.05)[见图2(a)]。
在疲劳载荷实验结束时,载荷被移除,记录每组的位移数据和塌陷循环次数,以评估不同条件下样本的抗疲劳性和耐久稳定性。结果显示,0°组[(3.37±1.92)mm]轴向位移低于5°组[(7.16± 4.31)mm]、-5°组[(6.22±2.74)mm]、10°组[(10.96±3.2)mm]和-10°组[(11.44±3.16)mm],但0°组和±5°组位移差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),0°组和±10°组轴向位移差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。±5°组和±10°组轴向位移差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)[见图2(b)]。
塌陷循环次数结果显示,0°组[(9 416± 1 165.5)次]显著高于10°组[(1 489±1 682.62)次]和-10°组[(2 088±2 420.31)次](P<0.05)。0°组塌陷循环次数高于5°组[(7 191.75±1 890.43)次]和-5°组[(7 289±3 447.97)次],但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。±5°组塌陷循环次数高于±10°组(P<0.05)[见图2(c)]。
本文通过压缩载荷实验和疲劳载荷试验,模拟股骨头标本在不同复位质量和不同载荷下的力学性能变化,探究复位质量对股骨头生物力学的影响。由于股骨头、颈特殊的解剖位置和生物力学特性,FNF内固定术后的复位质量直接影响患者的恢复情况和长期预后。股骨头小梁结构作为股骨头内部重要的承重结构,其力学性能决定了股骨头的稳定性和抗压能力。当股骨负载增加时,其内部的骨小梁比皮质骨更早地发生屈服和损伤[12]。骨小梁主要由松质骨构成,具有相对较低的弹性模量和强度。因此,骨小梁在承受负荷时首先承受应力,并可能出现微损伤。相比之下,皮质骨由于其更高的弹性模量和强度,能够承受更高的应力而不会立即发生屈服和损伤。因此,若术后复位质量不佳,可能导致股骨头内小梁结构受力方向与小梁走行方向不一致,小梁结构受力不均[13],导致股骨头生物力学性能降低,从而增加ONFH等并发症的风险。
Fang等[6]研究认为,复位质量是FNF内固定术后发生ONFH的关键因素之一,复位不良、股骨头与髋臼匹配不良以及股骨头应力分布的变化导致应力集中在股骨头表面,重新调整内小梁骨的超微结构,可能导致ONFH。Wang等[14]研究证明,股骨近端的应力分布会随股骨头的空间位移和角度的变化而发生显著变化。Min等[15]研究认为,骨折复位不良是FNF内固定术后ONFH的重要预测因素。Wang等[16]研究表明,内固定术后的残余移位与ONFH的发生关系密切。
Garden[17]根据髋关节正位和侧位X线图像上小梁结构的对齐来评价FNF内固定术后的复位质量。该研究认为,正常正位片上股骨干内侧缘与股骨头内侧压力骨小梁呈160°夹角,侧位片上股骨头轴线与股骨颈轴线呈一直线。正位片上夹角小于155°或侧位片上大于180°,则提示复位不满意,ONFH率可能增加。本文发现,0°组轴向刚度和塌陷循环次数均高于±5°组、±10°组,轴向移位低于±5°组、±10°组;0°组与±10°组、±5°组和±10°组的轴向移位、轴向刚度和塌陷循环次数差异有统计学意义,而0°组与±5°组的轴向移位、轴向刚度和塌陷循环次数差异无统计学意义。本文结果表明,高质量复位(0°组)表现出更强的抗疲劳能力,较少的轴向移位,提示股骨头在承受反复应力时能更好地维持其结构完整性,减少了骨折愈合过程中的疲劳损伤风险。这种优势在长期康复过程中尤为重要,能够减少因应力集中导致的ONFH发生风险,有助于提高患者的整体康复效果和长期预后。与0°组相比,±5°组生物力学性能虽然有所下降,但差异并不显著。该发现与既往的研究结果一致,强调了在一定角度和距离偏差范围内,股骨头的力学性能仍能保持相对稳定[17-18]
与之相反,低质量的复位(±10°组),其生物力学性能显著低于0°组。本文认为,生物力学因素在FNF内固定术后ONFH的发生、发展过程中产生重要作用。FNF内固定术低质量的复位导致股骨头接受压力的位置发生改变,受力部位的股骨头生物力学性能降低使得软骨下骨小梁更容易发生微骨折。由于力的传导与分散受阻,应力在软骨下骨小梁处集中,进一步加剧软骨下骨小梁的损伤。此外,骨小梁的成骨速度远低于破骨速度,股骨头骨小梁难以修复,最终导致股骨头持续塌陷、坏死。然而,没有理论或实验能够证实ONFH发生的确切原因,对于如何解决FNF内固定术后ONFH,国内外学者尚未达成共识[19-21]
部分学者认为术后负重时间与ONFH的发生有关,但这些观点仍存在争议。有研究报道,术后3个月内行走患者ONFH发生率显著高于术后3~ 6个月和6个月行走的患者,但差异无统计学意义[6]。郭尔斐等[22]研究认为,手术后开始部分负重时间与术后股骨头缺血性坏死直接相关,过早负重ONFH发生率明显升高,需将患者各阶段的负重程度进行量化,才能改善髋关节功能,减少并发症。Lambers等[23]研究表明,在FNF愈合的早期,适量的循环机械负荷有利于促进骨小梁的生长,但当机械载荷超过骨小梁所能承受的临界点就会造成骨小梁的变形与断裂,最终会导致骨小梁塌陷、坏死。
本研究的局限性如下:①采用了随机样本,性别和年龄分布可能存在偏倚;②样本量较小,且仅根据X线正位片的角度信息进行分组,未能考虑侧位片中的移位和旋转移位,未来仍需要更大样本量和更多角度的实验验证。
本文通过系统的实验研究,明确了复位质量对股骨头力学性能的重要影响,为临床治疗和康复提供了一定的实验依据。相信这些研究发现不仅能够有效指导临床操作,提升治疗效果,还为未来研究和实践提供了新的思路。通过持续优化复位技术和康复策略,有望进一步提高FNF治疗的安全性和有效性,最终改善患者的生活质量和长期预后。
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3601904)
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2025年第40卷第5期
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doi: 10.16156/j.1004-7220.2025.05.008
  • 接收时间:2024-12-31
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-10-01
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-31
  • 修回日期:2025-03-03
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国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3601904)
作者信息
    1.天津医科大学 骨科临床学院,天津 300070
    2.天津大学天津医院(天津市天津医院),天津 300211
    3.天津市骨科研究所,天津 300050

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马信龙,教授,博士生导师,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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