Article(id=1244340205809938787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1712505600000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774603423787, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1765728000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774603423787, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774603423787, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603423787, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244340201636610993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, year='2025', volume='42', issue='6', pageStart='1207', pageEnd='1446', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774603422792, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603751062, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244341578555306992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244341578555306993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1270, endPage=1284, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244340207772873079, articleId=1244340205809938787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, language=EN, title=Study on torsional behavior and bearing capacity of tapered concrete-filled double skin steel tubular members, columnId=1244340205327593820, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, columnName=Solid Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the demand for torsional capacity of high-power offshore wind power supporting structure, the full-range torsional mechanism of tapered concrete-filled double skin steel tubular(TCFDST)members was examined under the large hollow ratio, high taper degree, and out-of-code diameter-to-thickness(D/t)ratio. The characteristics of torque-angle curve could be divided into the elastic stage, elasticplastic, plastic strengthening stage, and failure stage. Influence of key parameters on ultimate bearing capacity and stiffness was revealed. The hollow ratio and strengths of steel and concrete were positively correlated with the ultimate torque and stiffness;D/t ratios of outer or inner tubes had negative relationship to it;the axial compression ratios had positive relationship within the limited value,and inversely,it was negatively correlative. A method based on laminated tube theory was proposed to calculate the torque-angle curves of TCFDST members. Subsequently,the hierarchical integration method was established and verified based on the Chinese code and relevant literature,for calculating the ultimate torsional capacity of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular members,and the difference of various methods in determining N-T curve was also analyzed. The research results in this paper can provide valuable reference for the application of TCFDST members with large hollow ratios,large taper degree,and out-of-code D/t ratios in wind power projects.

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面向大功率海上风电支撑结构抗扭承载力需求,研究了大空心率、大锥度和超限径厚比圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土(tapered concrete-filled double skin steel tubular,TCFDST)构件的扭转受力全过程机理,该类构件扭矩-转角曲线可划分弹性、弹塑性、塑性强化和破坏4个受力阶段;阐明了关键因素对TCFDST构件极限扭矩和刚度的影响规律,其中空心率、钢材和混凝土强度与扭矩和刚度呈正相关,内、外钢管径厚比对扭矩和刚度呈负相关,轴压比小于界限值时与承载力和刚度呈正相关,反之呈负相关;提出了“双薄壁分层筒”理论用于计算TCFDST构件扭矩-转角全过程曲线;结合我国规范和文献有关扭转承载力计算公式,建立并验证了适用于圆锥形和直筒形中空夹层钢管混凝土构件抗扭承载力计算的分层积分法,分析了不同方法计算压扭相关性(N-T)曲线的差异性。研究结果可对大空心率、大锥度及超限径厚比的圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土构件在风电工程的工程应用提供有益参考依据。

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孙清,教授。E-mail:
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Test data of TCFDST under torsion and compression torsion

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件名称外钢管/mm内钢管/mmH/mmθ/(°)χfcu/MPafyo/MPafyi/MPan文献
DobDottoDibDitti
TCFDST1-8020018131551353.09600.570.8040.00410.80410.800.00文献[5]
TCFDST1-8220018131551353.09600.570.8040.00410.80410.800.20
TCFDST2-7020018131361163.09600.570.7040.00410.80410.800.00
TCFDST2-7220018131361163.09600.570.7040.00410.80410.800.20
T-139834033322742.51 4001.190.8246.64326.67336.370.00文献[6]
T-239830033322342.51 4002.000.8046.64326.67336.370.00
T-439834033122542.51 4001.190.7646.64326.67336.370.00
T-539834032922342.51 4001.190.7046.64326.67336.370.00
CT-139834033322742.51 4001.190.8246.64326.67336.370.20
CT-239830033322342.51 4002.000.8046.64326.67336.370.20
CT-439834033122542.51 4001.190.7646.64326.67336.370.20
CT-539834033322742.51 4001.190.8246.64326.67336.370.40
), ArticleFig(id=1244340240006099466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205809938787, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土构件试验数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件名称外钢管/mm内钢管/mmH/mmθ/(°)χfcu/MPafyo/MPafyi/MPan文献
DobDottoDibDitti
TCFDST1-8020018131551353.09600.570.8040.00410.80410.800.00文献[5]
TCFDST1-8220018131551353.09600.570.8040.00410.80410.800.20
TCFDST2-7020018131361163.09600.570.7040.00410.80410.800.00
TCFDST2-7220018131361163.09600.570.7040.00410.80410.800.20
T-139834033322742.51 4001.190.8246.64326.67336.370.00文献[6]
T-239830033322342.51 4002.000.8046.64326.67336.370.00
T-439834033122542.51 4001.190.7646.64326.67336.370.00
T-539834032922342.51 4001.190.7046.64326.67336.370.00
CT-139834033322742.51 4001.190.8246.64326.67336.370.20
CT-239830033322342.51 4002.000.8046.64326.67336.370.20
CT-439834033122542.51 4001.190.7646.64326.67336.370.20
CT-539834033322742.51 4001.190.8246.64326.67336.370.40
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圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土构件抗扭性能及承载力计算方法研究
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王淑红 1 , 刘向宏 2 , 王建涛 3 , 孙清 2 , 张琳琳 1 , 李国强 1
应用力学学报 | 固体力学 2025,42(6): 1270-1284
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应用力学学报 | 固体力学 2025, 42(6): 1270-1284
圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土构件抗扭性能及承载力计算方法研究
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王淑红1, 刘向宏2, 王建涛3, 孙清2 , 张琳琳1, 李国强1
作者信息
  • 1.国网浙江省电力有限公司经济技术研究院,310008 杭州
  • 2.西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院,710049 西安
  • 3.西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,710055 西安

通讯作者:

孙清,教授。E-mail:
Study on torsional behavior and bearing capacity of tapered concrete-filled double skin steel tubular members
Shuhong WANG1, Xianghong LIU2, Jiantao WANG3, Qing SUN2 , Linlin ZHANG1, Guoqiang LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co. , Ltd. , Economic and Technical Research Institute, 310008 Hangzhou, China
  • 2.School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049 Xi'an, China
  • 3.School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture&Technology, 710055 Xi'an, China
出版时间: 2025-12-15 doi: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.007
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面向大功率海上风电支撑结构抗扭承载力需求,研究了大空心率、大锥度和超限径厚比圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土(tapered concrete-filled double skin steel tubular,TCFDST)构件的扭转受力全过程机理,该类构件扭矩-转角曲线可划分弹性、弹塑性、塑性强化和破坏4个受力阶段;阐明了关键因素对TCFDST构件极限扭矩和刚度的影响规律,其中空心率、钢材和混凝土强度与扭矩和刚度呈正相关,内、外钢管径厚比对扭矩和刚度呈负相关,轴压比小于界限值时与承载力和刚度呈正相关,反之呈负相关;提出了“双薄壁分层筒”理论用于计算TCFDST构件扭矩-转角全过程曲线;结合我国规范和文献有关扭转承载力计算公式,建立并验证了适用于圆锥形和直筒形中空夹层钢管混凝土构件抗扭承载力计算的分层积分法,分析了不同方法计算压扭相关性(N-T)曲线的差异性。研究结果可对大空心率、大锥度及超限径厚比的圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土构件在风电工程的工程应用提供有益参考依据。

圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土构件  /  数值模拟  /  扭矩分配机制  /  分层积分法  /  N-T曲线

Aiming at the demand for torsional capacity of high-power offshore wind power supporting structure, the full-range torsional mechanism of tapered concrete-filled double skin steel tubular(TCFDST)members was examined under the large hollow ratio, high taper degree, and out-of-code diameter-to-thickness(D/t)ratio. The characteristics of torque-angle curve could be divided into the elastic stage, elasticplastic, plastic strengthening stage, and failure stage. Influence of key parameters on ultimate bearing capacity and stiffness was revealed. The hollow ratio and strengths of steel and concrete were positively correlated with the ultimate torque and stiffness;D/t ratios of outer or inner tubes had negative relationship to it;the axial compression ratios had positive relationship within the limited value,and inversely,it was negatively correlative. A method based on laminated tube theory was proposed to calculate the torque-angle curves of TCFDST members. Subsequently,the hierarchical integration method was established and verified based on the Chinese code and relevant literature,for calculating the ultimate torsional capacity of concrete-filled double skin steel tubular members,and the difference of various methods in determining N-T curve was also analyzed. The research results in this paper can provide valuable reference for the application of TCFDST members with large hollow ratios,large taper degree,and out-of-code D/t ratios in wind power projects.

tapered concrete-filled double skin steel tubular member  /  numerical modelling  /  torque distribution mechanism  /  laminated tube method  /  N-T curve
王淑红, 刘向宏, 王建涛, 孙清, 张琳琳, 李国强. 圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土构件抗扭性能及承载力计算方法研究. 应用力学学报, 2025 , 42 (6) : 1270 -1284 . DOI: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.007
Shuhong WANG, Xianghong LIU, Jiantao WANG, Qing SUN, Linlin ZHANG, Guoqiang LI. Study on torsional behavior and bearing capacity of tapered concrete-filled double skin steel tubular members[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2025 , 42 (6) : 1270 -1284 . DOI: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.007
大功率海上风电设备应用日趋广泛,海上风电主体结构体量显著增大以及风电塔架在海洋环境中承受压弯扭等复杂的受力工况,增加了风电塔架支撑柱的设计需求[1-3]。参考传统直筒钢管混凝土结构设计理念,圆锥形中空夹层钢管混凝土(tapered concrete-filled double skin steel tubular,TCFDST),以下简称圆锥形CFDST,是通过改变顶部和底部钢管直径使构件沿长度方向形成一定倾角的新型构件[4]。锥度的设计使结构可以更加高效地承担自上而下增加的弯矩,内部中空的设计降低了结构自重,但同时因构件自上而下的锥形特征和薄壁截面导致圆锥形CFDST构件的破坏模式与传统直筒CFDST构件存在显著不同[4-6]
国内外学者对圆锥形和直筒形CFDST构件在轴压作用下的受弯和受扭力学性能开展了诸多研究。任庆新等[7-9]发现由于锥度的存在使圆锥形构件的轴压破坏模式与直筒形构件存在明显不同,筒身锥度和空心率是影响构件轴压承载力的关键因素。王先铁等[10-12]研究发现随着锥角增大,圆锥形CFDST构件在纯弯和压弯工况下的破坏位置靠近顶部截面,破坏位置接近构件高度的3/4处,圆锥度、截面空心率、钢材强度是影响构件纯弯和压弯承载力的关键因素。然而在风电塔架等高耸工程构筑物的实际应用中,常因风向角以及风电机组的俯仰系统引起塔架处于轴压与扭矩耦合的受力状态[6],压扭耦合荷载工况对圆锥形CFDST组合柱抵抗扭转的承载能力和失效模式有显著影响。
李爽[13]通过轴压荷载下的扭转试验探究了锥度范围0°~0.57°,空心率范围0.54~0.58的圆锥形CFDST构件的破坏机理和极限承载力。HUANG等[14]通过纯扭转试验探究了空心率范围0.26~0.48的直筒形CFDST构件的力学性能,给出了直筒形构件扭转承载力计算公式。DENG等[6]通过轴压荷载下的扭转试验,探究了锥度范围0°~2°、空心率范围0.70~0.85,涵盖超限径厚比和两种轴压比的圆锥形CFDST构件的典型破坏模式,基于规范方法验证了现有承载力计算公式的准确性。FAN等[5]通过扭转试验研究了锥度0.57°、空心率范围0.7~0.8的圆锥形CFDST构件和相同空心率的直筒形构件的失效模式和极限扭矩,建立了将锥形构件转换为直筒构件的等效方法,给出了圆锥形CFDST构件轴压、扭转耦合极限扭矩计算公式。廖栩等[15]通过压扭试验探究了截面空心率范围为0.52~0.70的直筒形CFDST构件扭转承载力变化规律,给出了扭转刚度和承载力在轴压荷载影响下的变化趋势。
本研究根据已有研究数据,结合有限元和试验两种方法验证算例模型,分析工程实践未广泛应用的空心率范围0.31~0.95、锥度范围0.0°~2.1°、超限内、外钢管径厚比和轴压比范围0.0~0.9的圆锥形CFDST构件极限扭矩的影响规律,并给出了材料强度变化对极限扭矩的变化趋势。
本研究基于钢管混凝土(CFST)非线性“分层筒”理论,建立了可快速获得圆锥形和直筒形CFDST构件受扭全过程扭矩-转角曲线的“双薄壁分层筒”数学模型。根据文献[16-17]中相关圆锥形CFDST构件试验数据和典型算例计算结果,验证了国内现行规范和文献[6]中抗扭承载力的准确性,并基于截面切应变线性分布假设和屈服准则建立了更加符合扭转机理的分层积分扭转承载力计算公式。
圆锥形CFDST构件分析模型采用通用有限元程序ABAQUS建立,内、外钢管的材料本构关系选用低碳钢常用的5阶段二次塑流模型[614],夹层混凝土选用韩林海提出的适用于有限元分析的壳-实体有限元本构模型[18-21]。内、外钢管选用四节点缩减积分壳单元S4R,夹层混凝土选用八节点六面体缩减积分单元C3D8R,外钢管、夹层混凝土和内钢管三者接触类型为面-面接触,法向行为采用硬接触,切向行为采用库伦摩擦模型,摩擦系数取0.6[422-23]。如图1所示,有限元模型中将构件顶部设置为加载端,底部设置为固定端,加载端和固定端采用MPC刚性梁将内、外钢管和夹层混凝土耦合至截面中心参考点,通过顶部参考点施加转角位移实现扭转加载,底部参考点约束全部自由度[519]
加载历程对构件压扭全过程受力影响不显著,首先在锥顶参考点施加轴压荷载,然后在参考点处施加转角位移[24]。圆锥形CFDST构件具备较强的塑性变形能力,焊接残余应力不影响构件的静力承载力,因此忽略残余应力等缺陷对构件抗扭性能的影响[624]
依据文献[5-6]试验数据对数值模型所得扭矩-转角曲线进行校核,本研究共选取了16个圆锥形CFDST构件模型,采用上述数值方法建立了6个纯扭和10个压扭数值仿真模型,将文献和数值模拟所得受扭全过程T-θ曲线和失效模式进行校核,验证数值仿真模型用于分析构件受扭的有效性和正确性。圆锥形CFDST构件高度、筒身锥度和空心率等参数如表1所示。
文献试验结果与数值方法所得破坏模式与全过程T-θ曲线如图2图3所示。圆锥形CFDST构件产生在构件中上部沿斜向开裂(图2a~图2b),由于构件截面自上而下逐渐增大,开裂角度略小于45°;当构件锥度较小时,斜裂缝开裂位置自中上部向中部移动(图2c~图2d),开裂角度接近45°。由图3可知,数值方法与试验所得T-θ曲线扭转刚度和峰值扭矩均符合较好,由于混凝土在主拉应力作用下产生开裂后损伤本构规定其仍具备承担一定荷载的能力,而实际夹层混凝土产生斜裂缝后沿垂直裂缝方向已经无法继续受拉,曲线刚度在拐点处与数值计算存在一定偏差,总体上本研究模拟方法准确,可用于承载力预测。
基于上述数值模型方法建立典型算例分析圆锥形CFDST构件在轴压荷载作用下扭转受力机理和构件极限扭转承载力。我国规范规定了直筒形CFDST截面设计的参数范围:χ≤0.70(截面空心率限值)、D/t≤135×235/fy(钢管径厚比限值)。本研究选取的算例尺寸包含超过规范限值的大空心率(χ>0.8)、大锥度(θ≥2.0°)以及超限径厚比的圆锥形CFDST构件。典型算例具体参数为:内、外钢管壁厚均为toti=3 mm、外钢管锥底外径Dob=400 mm、锥顶外径Dot=360 mm;内钢管锥底外径Dib=325 mm、锥顶外径Dit=285 mm。典型算例筒身锥度为0.76、锥顶截面空心率为0.81,夹层混凝土立方体抗压强度为fcu=50 MPa,内、外钢管屈服强度fyofyi=420 MPa。算例对应规范径厚比限值为76,内、外钢管外径与壁厚之比为分别为120和95。
算例模型在纯扭工况下的数值仿真计算所得T-θ曲线、接触应力分布曲线如图4图5所示。根据T-θ曲线特征可将其划分为4个阶段:第1阶段临界点取构件顶部外钢管边缘达屈服强度;第2阶段临界点取构件顶部内钢管边缘达屈服强度;当扭转变形较大时,扭矩仍可继续增加,因此第3阶段临界点取构件顶部最外侧钢管剪应变达到10-2为临界状态[5];第4阶段临界点取T-θ曲线最低点(剪应变达2×10-2[5]
1)弹性阶段(OA):到达临界点A时,构件顶部最外侧钢管发生屈服,夹层混凝土出现明显的塑性变形,由于夹层混凝土横向变形能力逐步超过外钢管,二者间接触应力显著增大,夹层混凝土向内侧变形很小,内层钢管对混凝土的支撑作用尚不明显,此阶段内外两层钢管尚未发生屈服,夹层混凝土贡献截面扭矩较小,因此构件在OA段的T-θ曲线斜率保持不变。
2)弹塑性阶段(AB):到达临界点B时,构件顶部内层钢管发生屈服,外钢管屈服范围逐渐扩大,外钢管贡献截面扭矩保持不变,夹层混凝土贡献截面扭矩略有提高,外钢管对夹层混凝土的套箍效应明显提升,接触应力持续增大,内层钢管对混凝土的支撑作用较弱,二者间未产生明显接触应力,组合构件的扭矩-转角曲线呈现非线性特征,扭矩-转角曲线斜率随扭转角增大逐渐减小。
3)塑性强化阶段(BC):到达临界点C时,构件顶部外钢管边缘应变达到10-2,内、外钢管均已屈服,二者贡献的截面扭矩保持不变,混凝土贡献截面扭矩达到峰值,构件T-θ曲线斜率变化较小。随着扭转角不断增大,构件呈现良好的塑性变形能力。
4)破坏阶段(CD):到达临界点D时,夹层混凝土发生斜向压碎,贡献截面扭矩已显著下降,外钢管与夹层混凝土接触应力保持不变;内钢管对夹层混凝土的支撑作用提升,二者接触应力仍继续提升。此时构件锥顶混凝土在扭转作用下径向变形继续增大,内侧钢管向内屈曲,外侧钢管向外屈曲,构件扭矩-转角曲线负向斜率(绝对值)增大,曲线呈现明显的下降趋势。
由上节可知,圆锥形CFDST构件受扭全过程可划分为以下4个阶段:外钢管屈服-弹性阶段、内钢管屈服-弹塑性阶段、边缘剪应变达临界值-塑性强化阶段、承载力下降-破坏阶段。由图6所示,到达OA段临界点A时外钢管顶部发生屈服,外钢管贡献抗扭承载力达到峰值,内钢管尚未屈服,内钢管和夹层混凝土贡献截面扭矩继续增大,截面总扭转承载力仍呈增大趋势。当内钢管发生屈服,即到达弹塑性阶段临界点B时,内钢管贡献抗扭承载力保持不变,构件抗扭承载力已接近峰值。构件继续受扭,夹层混凝土出现螺旋状开裂,主拉应力由外钢管承担,主压应力方向混凝土斜向轴压柱逐渐压溃,构件顶部最外侧钢管剪应变到达临界值(C点),构件抗扭承载力达到峰值,此时构件各部分抗扭承载力分配状态已趋于稳定;随着转角继续增大,夹层混凝土沿主压应力方向压溃更加严重,混凝土抗扭承载力逐渐降低,内、外钢管贡献截面扭矩保持不变,锥形构件不能继续承受扭矩从而导致构件失效。
典型算例中,取C点作为衡量构件各部分抗扭承载力贡献的参考点,内钢管分配扭矩占截面总扭矩的33.52%,夹层混凝土分配扭矩占截面总扭矩的12.70%,外钢管分配扭矩占截面总扭矩的53.31%。
本章以典型算例数值模型为基础,改变圆锥形CFDST构件的筒身锥度、锥顶截面空心率、荷载比、钢管径厚比、钢材强度以及夹层混凝土抗压强度等参数,分析上述因素对构件极限扭矩和扭转刚度的变化规律。
改变圆锥形CFDST构件锥顶内、外钢管外径并保证锥底内、外钢管外径和壁厚不变,建立不同锥度构件的扭转数值模型,锥度定义参照文献的描述,θ=arctan[(Dob-Dot)/2H]。如图7所示,随着锥度增大,曲线初始扭转刚度和极限扭矩逐渐降低,当锥度增量(负值)不变时,构件抗扭承载力增量(负值)保持不变,以典型模型锥度为基准(θ=0.76°),随锥度变化,抗扭承载力改变量占典型算例极限扭转承载力的5.23%,两者呈线性变化。
保持外钢管的外径和壁厚不变,调整内钢管的顶部和底部外径,在保证筒身锥度不变的前提下,设置不同的截面空心率,锥形构件截面空心率定义参照文献的描述,χ=Dit/(Dot-2to)。如图8所示,构件锥顶截面空心率与极限扭转承载力呈正相关性,当截面空心率增量不变时,构件抗扭承载力增量保持不变,以典型模型截面空心率为基准(χ=0.81),随锥顶截面空心率变化,抗扭承载力改变量占典型模型极限承载力的2.60%,扭转刚度受锥顶截面空心率影响不显著。
依据《中空夹层钢管混凝土结构技术规程》(T/CCES 7—2020)[17]单肢柱受压承载力公式,计算典型算例锥形构件受压承载力。设置不同轴压比工况对算例进行压扭模拟。如图9所示,当轴压比n≤0.3时,抗扭承载力与荷载轴压比呈正相关;当轴压比n≥0.4时,随着轴压比增大,构件抵抗扭转的能力和塑性变形性能迅速下降。
保持外钢管外径不变的基础上改变外钢管壁厚,获得不同外钢管径厚比的数值模型,根据国标[16]规定按径厚比限值划分超限构件和普通构件。如图10(a)~图10(b)所示,随着外钢管径厚比增大,构件的抗扭承载力和扭转刚度逐渐降低。以典型算例为基准,保持钢管壁厚不变,随着外钢管外径增大,径厚比对扭转承载力的控制程度减弱。
保持内钢管外径不变的基础上改变内钢管壁厚,获得不同内钢管径厚比的数值模型。如图10(c)~图10(d)所示,随着内钢管径厚比增大,构件的抗扭承载力和抗扭刚度逐渐降低。以典型算例为基准,当构件内钢管径厚比越大时,增大或减小内钢管径厚比对抗扭承载力的影响减弱结论与外钢管径厚比所得结论一致,且外钢管径厚比对构件扭转承载力影响更为显著。
在算例中改变内、外钢管材料屈服强度,保持钢管壁厚不变,并重新计模型约束效应系数。如图10(e)所示,随着钢材屈服强度提高,构件的极限扭矩显著提升,扭转刚度不随钢材屈服强度增大而改变。
改变典型算例中夹层混凝土立方体抗压强度,保持构件尺寸不变,并重新计算约束效应系数,建立参数化分析模型。如图10(f)所示,当所采用的混凝土强度等级更高时,构件抗扭承载力略有提升,同时抗扭刚度略有增大。
综上所述,海上风电工程应用大空心率、大锥度圆锥形CFDST结构设计时,当结构锥度较大时(θ>0.76°)推荐选用大空心率以降低锥度引起的结构承载力降低效果;小轴压比可一定程度改善结构的刚度和延性,因此风电机舱设计荷载需控制在小轴压比(n<0.2)范围,充分发挥结构性能优势;内钢管壁厚相较于外钢管壁厚对承载力影响较弱,因此可在规范限值的基础上有所超越,以此降低材料用量,外钢管径厚比需根据设计要求进行承载力计算,在满足安全限值的条件下进行超限设计;选用更高屈服强度的钢材相较与混凝土而言对提升构件扭转承载力具有更好的应用效果和经济价值。
“双薄壁分层筒”理论即将圆锥形CFDST构件截面划分为若干层薄壁筒,在给定轴向应变、扭转切应变增量的基础上建立薄壁筒应变矩阵,将混凝土轴向应变和切应变转换至主应变空间,并带入考虑受压软化的混凝土本构方程确定混凝土主应力场并重新转换为轴向应力和切应力,对于内、外层钢管则判断是否满足Von Mises屈服准则,带入弹性或弹塑性刚度矩阵获得截面应力,根据截面轴向荷载平衡方程确定某一扭转角下的轴向应变增量,进而得到各扭转角下满足轴压荷载平衡的构件总扭矩和各组成部分贡献的扭矩,最终完成中空夹层钢管混凝土构件全过程受扭T-θ曲线计算。
传统的非线性“分层筒”模型将钢管混凝土构件全过程受扭计算划分为钢管屈服前和钢管屈服后2个阶段[25],在2个阶段分别利用弹性和弹塑性刚度矩阵计算特定切应变增量所对应的应力增量。当将非线性“分层筒”模型应用于圆锥和直筒形CFDST构件纯扭和压扭全过程计算理论中时,需将构件受扭划分为3个阶段,即:外钢管弹性扭转、外钢管屈服后扭转(伴随内钢管弹性扭转)、内钢管屈服后扭转,根据各个阶段内、外钢管的屈服状态选择相应的刚度矩阵计算该状态下的截面应力增量,最后根据截面扭转切应力积分获得特定转角下的截面扭矩,圆锥和直筒形CFDST构件纯扭和压扭非线性“双薄壁分层筒”理论计算流程如下图11所示。
全过程计算理论中将截面划分为3类薄壁筒单元:单层内钢管薄壁筒、多层夹层混凝土薄壁筒和单层外钢管薄壁筒,各转角增量下所得截面扭矩和轴力积分表达式如下
式中:N为截面轴力;T为截面扭矩;σc,iτc,i分别为第i层混凝土的正应力和切应力;σso,jτso,j分为第j层外钢管的正应力和切应力;σsi,kτsi,k分为第k层内钢管的正应力和切应力;Ac,i为混凝土第i层截面面积;Asi,k为内钢管第k层截面面积;Aso,j为外钢管第j层截面面积;rc,irsi,krso,j分别为夹层混凝土、内钢管和外钢管第i层、第k层和第j层到截面中心的距离。
根据文献[6]研究结论,我国规范中规定圆锥形CFDST构件抗扭性能分析时可选最小截面进行保守计算,但由此造成的误差较大。本研究选用文献[5]提出的等效方法将锥形构件等效为直筒构件,根据等效后的截面进行抗扭分析,用于等效的具体表达式如下
式中:
DeiDeo分别为等效直筒的内、外钢管外径;χ为截面空心率;θ为筒身锥度。
采用文献[6]中的纯扭算例对本计算理论进行验证,如图12所示,“双薄壁分层筒”计算理论所得T-θ曲线与文献和有限元计算曲线所得扭转刚度和峰值承载力吻合较好且计算速度快,无需确定模型边界条件,可给出构件各组成部分的全过程T-θ曲线。
采用文献[5]中的压扭实例对本计算理论进行验证,如图13所示。“双薄壁分层筒”理论所得T-θ曲线的线形、扭转刚度和扭转承载力与文献和有限元计算结果吻合较好,可有效反映构件不同轴压比下的承载力发展规律,同时计算理论给出了算例中各组成部分的受扭全过程T-θ曲线。
综上所述,“双薄壁分层筒”理论依据截面轴压荷载平衡方程确定相应的轴向应变增量,得出当前扭转角下满足截面荷载平衡的轴向应变,可高效降低模型求解时间,避免求解大规模刚度方程,经验证“双薄壁分层筒”理论具有较高精度。
《中空夹层钢管混凝土结构技术规程》结合截面空心率和约束效应系数给出了CFDST构件纯扭和压扭承载力的计算公式
式中:
上述各参数含义可参考《中空夹层钢管混凝土结构技术规程》(T/CCES 7—2020)规范相关定义,圆锥形构件尺寸信息取锥顶最小截面。
《钢管混凝土结构技术规范》结合空心钢管混凝土和独立薄壁钢管极限扭矩公式给出了有关CFDST构件扭转承载力的计算公式
式中:
将式(3)中Tu替换为式(4),即得到对应轴力下的扭转承载力T
在扭转过程中因混凝土强度存在各向异性,夹层混凝土沿主拉应力方向发生开裂,构件产生多条斜向裂缝。根据构件开裂特点将裂缝间混凝土视为多条斜向受压棱柱,可根据棱柱受力状态建立平衡方程。由于圆锥形构件斜向裂缝角度与直筒形构件区别较大,文献根据构件斜向开裂范围,建立了锥形构件有效扭转变形长度LTe计算公式。将LTe范围内的夹层混凝土划分为若干斜向受压条带,并假定斜向受压条带开裂后条带间不再传递拉应力,混凝土处于压扭受力状态,因此将裂缝倾角α定义为混凝土开裂后合力方向与压力间的夹角,如图14所示。
将圆锥形和直筒形CFDST构件的扭转承载力视为外层钢管、夹层混凝土和内层钢管等3部分贡献扭矩的叠加,抗扭承载力表达式
式中:Tso=WsoτsoTsi=Wsiτsi
式中:q为混凝土扭转切应力;σc为混凝土主压应力;Actc分别为夹层混凝土截面面积和厚度。
将式(3)中Tu替换为式(5),即得到对应轴力下的扭转承载力T
文献[6]在计算中锥形构件极限扭矩时,假定夹层混凝土截面受扭时各点切应力为常量q,当截面混凝土占截面总面积较大时,假定合理性差,计算误差较大。当夹层混凝土条带开裂后主拉应力由外部钢管承担,根据夹层混凝土主应力方向可将其分解为既压又扭的受力状态。根据内力平衡原理,内、外钢管主应力方向可分解为既拉又扭受力状态,因此计算中假定夹层混凝土某点剪应变与其距截面中心的距离呈线性变化,混凝土条带开裂后主拉应力由内、外钢管承担,二者共同分担轴向荷载,其中外钢管与内钢管轴向荷载分担比为λ∶(1-λ),内外钢管本构模型采用理想弹塑性本构,钢材屈服面服从Von Mises屈服准则,分层积分法中圆锥形和直筒形CFDST构件抗扭承载力表达式与文献[6]定义方式相同(式5),下文给出给各组成部分贡献截面扭矩的表达式。
夹层混凝土截面扭矩贡献Tc
式中:qr)为夹层混凝土截面切应力分布函数,具体表达式为:fc为混凝土棱柱体抗压强度;α为裂缝倾角;riw为内钢管外半径;ron为外钢管内半径。
夹层混凝土截面轴拉力Nc
混凝土斜向受压条带压应力σc
夹层混凝土截面轴向应力σc,axial
外钢管截面轴拉力Nso
内钢管截面轴拉力Nsi
式中,内、外钢管截面面积AsoAsi
外钢管截面轴向应力σso
内钢管截面轴向应力σsi
根据Von Mises屈服准则,钢材屈服面方程表达式为
将式(14)代入式(16),可得外钢管扭转切应力
将式(15)代入式(16),可得内钢管扭转切应力
根据钢管截面扭矩表达式
式中:As为钢管截面面积;τs为钢管截面切应力;rs为钢管中截面到圆心的距离,rs=(rw+rn)/2。
将式(12)和式(17)代入式(19),可得外钢管截面扭矩贡献Tso
将式(13)和式(18)代入式(19),可得内钢管截面扭矩贡献Tsi
式中:riw为内钢管外半径;ron为外钢管内半径;fy,sify,so分别为内、外钢管屈服强度,内、外两层钢管在扭转过程中的轴向荷载分配系数λ可取λ=Aso/(Aso+Asi)。
分层积分法计算圆锥形构件扭转承载力时尺寸信息取锥顶最小截面,裂缝倾角α的计算方法与文献一致。将式(5)计算所得的抗扭承载力Tu替换式(3)中的Tu,即为计算不同轴力下的构件极限扭转承载力的分层积分法。
参考文献[5-6]和典型算例中构件在不同轴压荷载下的扭转承载力数据对上述4种承载力计算公式进行验证,如图15所示。我国两类规范对不同轴压比下大空心率锥形构件扭转承载力预测结果相对保守,文献提供的计算方法对空心率大于0.8、锥度小于0.8°圆锥形构件极限承载力计算较为准确,但当轴压比大于极限承载力的0.7倍时,试验承载力数据相较文献计算公式所得N-T曲线误差较大;本研究提出的分层积分法可有效计算包括截面空心率大于0.75和筒身锥度大于1°构件的压扭承载力,分层积分法所得N-T曲线与文献承载力数据符合程度较好,在符合构件扭转轴压荷载分配规律的同时具备良好的计算精度。
本研究通过典型实例的数值模拟,分析了圆锥空心夹层构件在纯扭转作用下的受力机理,并通过参数分析得到了影响构件抗扭承载力的关键因素。结合CFST非线性“分层筒”理论,提出了适用于圆锥形和直筒形CFDST构件扭转承载力计算的“双薄壁分层筒”计算理论和基于分层积分的扭转承载力计算公式,并得出以下结论。
1)根据构件各组成部分荷载分布机制将全过程受扭过程划分为4个阶段:弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段、塑性强化段、破坏阶段,结合各阶段临界点分析了内、外钢管与夹层混凝土间接触应力分布状态,接触应力随高度降低逐渐降低,内、外钢管各点接触应力随转角增大呈上升趋势,外钢管与混凝土间接触应力发生早于内钢管,外钢管接触应力峰值大于内钢管接触应力峰值。
2)锥角和内(外)钢管径厚比对扭转承载力呈负相关,空心率、钢材强度和夹层混凝土强度对扭转承载力呈正相关。当轴向荷载比小于0.3时,轴压荷载比对扭转承载力的提高有积极影响。当轴向荷载比大于0.3时,扭转承载力随着轴压荷载的增加而逐渐减小。
3)基于CFST非线性“分层筒”理论所建立的适用于圆锥形构件扭转承载力计算的“双薄壁分层筒”理论,可准确得出组合构件及各组成部分在纯扭和压扭等工况下的全过程T-θ曲线,所得T-θ曲线斜率(扭转刚度)和峰值(极限承载力)与实测数据吻合较好。
4)规范中采用最小截面法计算圆锥形CFDST构件承载力偏于保守,分层积分法满足了混凝土截面剪应变的分布沿半径增大方向递增的特点,同时可充分考虑在斜向主拉应力引起夹层混凝土产生斜向裂缝后,内外层钢管应力状态的改变。经N-T相关性曲线检验,分层积分法可有效计算包含大空心率和超限径厚比的圆锥形和直筒形构件在轴压比0.0~0.9范围扭转承载力。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978570)
  • 国网浙江省电力有限公司科技资助项目(5211JY220003)
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2025年第42卷第6期
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doi: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.007
  • 接收时间:2024-04-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-12-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-08
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(51978570)
国网浙江省电力有限公司科技资助项目(5211JY220003)
作者信息
    1.国网浙江省电力有限公司经济技术研究院,310008 杭州
    2.西安交通大学人居环境与建筑工程学院,710049 西安
    3.西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,710055 西安

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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