Article(id=1244340205491176399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1687622400000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-25, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774603423712, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1765728000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774603423712, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774603423712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603423712, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244340201636610993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, year='2025', volume='42', issue='6', pageStart='1207', pageEnd='1446', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774603422792, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603751062, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244341578555306992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244341578555306993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1309, endPage=1319, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244340206145487847, articleId=1244340205491176399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, language=EN, title=Experimental study and numerical analysis on seismic behaviors of RC frame-frame truss composite wall, columnId=1244340205327593820, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, columnName=Solid Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Against the characteristic of large deformation for reinforced concrete(RC)frame, RC frame-frame truss composite wall(FTCW)structure was proposed, and two reinforced concrete(RC)frameframe truss composite wall(FTCW)specimens with a scale of 1∶2 were implemented for cyclic loading test. The seismic performance of bearing capacity, ductility and stiffness degradation were analyzed by the test phenomenon, hysteresis curves, backbone curves and stiffness degradation curves. The simulation of cyclic loading test was conducted by ABAQUS software, and the results were compared with the test results. The influence of the amount of infill FTCW, rebar ratio of RC frame columns, axial compression ratio, concrete strength, embedded angle steel and the layout direction of FTCW were analyzed. The test behav-iors showed that a multistage energy consuming system that FTCW worked before RC frame and the internal diagonal struts worked before the outer frame inside the FTCW, forming a multistage energy consumption system for the design purpose of earthquake resistant structures. The numerical analysis results showed that the most effective way to improve the bearing capacity of RC frame-FTCW was to increase the amount of filled FTCW, followed by increasing the rebar ratio of frame columns, and the improvement of increasing the concrete strength or adding angle steel for the internal diagonal struts were smaller. The improvement of axial compression ratio on the bearing capacity was unnoticeable. In addition, the layout direction of FTCW was significant, and the number and position of FTCW should be symmetrically arranged.

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为了提高钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)框架的抗侧能力,提出RC框架-框桁式复合墙(frame truss composite wall,FTCW)结构,并对2个缩尺比例为1∶2的RC框架-FTCW试件进行了拟静力试验。通过试验现象、滞回曲线、骨架曲线和刚度退化曲线,对其承载力、延性、刚度退化等抗震性能进行了分析。通过ABAQUS软件对可能影响RC框架-FTCW骨架曲线的因素进行了拓展研究,包括不同内填FTCW数量、框架柱配筋率、轴压比、混凝土强度、内嵌角钢及内填墙片布置方向。结果表明:内嵌墙体先于RC框架被破坏,而在墙体内部,内斜撑先于外框被破坏,从而形成一个多级能耗系统,达到抗震设计的目的;提高RC框架-FTCW承载力最有效的方式是增加内填FTCW的数量,其次是增大框架柱的配筋率,而增大轴压比和混凝土强度或在FTCW中内斜撑增设角钢对承载力的提高作用较小;另外,FTCW布置方向的影响是不可忽略的,FTCW的数量和位置应该对称布置。

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雍馨。E-mail:
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caption=Variations of load-displacement backbone curves with different rebar ratio of RC frame column, figureFileSmall=wtVpZDUGUZADTD7KG2Cp2g==, figureFileBig=XQ24+T7ykM/xMQJY9gpnug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340226429141579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205491176399, language=CN, label=图13, caption=不同框架柱纵筋配筋率的荷载-位移骨架曲线, figureFileSmall=wtVpZDUGUZADTD7KG2Cp2g==, figureFileBig=XQ24+T7ykM/xMQJY9gpnug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340226571747922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205491176399, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Variations of load-displacement backbone curves with different axial compression ratio, figureFileSmall=dm088jq0whqlxGV0J+34Ew==, figureFileBig=M5iT3Egi+WWIMcHuc8U9SA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340226664022618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205491176399, language=CN, label=图14, 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figureFileSmall=7KJ/QtbyxaYAK1HwHpGWGg==, figureFileBig=zdxr+KnnV6pQ2ucEva4FAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340227884565135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205491176399, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Design parameters of specimens

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试件编号内填FTCW内置角钢内斜撑数量轴压比n墙高宽比
F-W01墙①∟25×440.40.40
F-W02墙②40.40.40
F-W02墙③50.40.47
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试件设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号内填FTCW内置角钢内斜撑数量轴压比n墙高宽比
F-W01墙①∟25×440.40.40
F-W02墙②40.40.40
F-W02墙③50.40.47
), ArticleFig(id=1244340228505322141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205491176399, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Tensile strength of rebar

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等级屈服强度fy,r/MPa极限强度fst,r/MPa伸长率/%屈强比fy,r/fst,r
ϕ6388.7508.8300.76
ϕ8349.9497.0290.70
8454.3614.3250.74
12444.7580.5260.77
16434.5559.7250.78
∟25×4338.3481.7300.70
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钢材抗拉强度

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等级屈服强度fy,r/MPa极限强度fst,r/MPa伸长率/%屈强比fy,r/fst,r
ϕ6388.7508.8300.76
ϕ8349.9497.0290.70
8454.3614.3250.74
12444.7580.5260.77
16434.5559.7250.78
∟25×4338.3481.7300.70
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Summary of experimental results

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试件编号加载方向开裂点屈服点峰值荷载点极限荷载点延性系数极限层间位移角
荷载/kN位移/mm荷载/kN位移/mm荷载/kN位移/mm荷载/kN位移/mm
F-W01+59.681.25273.907.59407.0330.00345.9842.155.560.03
--61.08-0.80-238.05-5.62-358.36-12.01-304.61-26.044.63-0.02
F-W02+29.650.75276.487.33415.7233.01353.3649.496.760.03
--30.04-0.50-310.34-6.81-457.94-15.01-381.00-33.304.89-0.02
), ArticleFig(id=1244340230375981747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205491176399, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

骨架曲线特征点荷载和位移

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号加载方向开裂点屈服点峰值荷载点极限荷载点延性系数极限层间位移角
荷载/kN位移/mm荷载/kN位移/mm荷载/kN位移/mm荷载/kN位移/mm
F-W01+59.681.25273.907.59407.0330.00345.9842.155.560.03
--61.08-0.80-238.05-5.62-358.36-12.01-304.61-26.044.63-0.02
F-W02+29.650.75276.487.33415.7233.01353.3649.496.760.03
--30.04-0.50-310.34-6.81-457.94-15.01-381.00-33.304.89-0.02
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RC框架-框桁式复合墙抗震性能试验研究及有限元分析
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雍馨 , 李晓蕾
应用力学学报 | 固体力学 2025,42(6): 1309-1319
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应用力学学报 | 固体力学 2025, 42(6): 1309-1319
RC框架-框桁式复合墙抗震性能试验研究及有限元分析
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雍馨 , 李晓蕾
作者信息
  • 西安理工大学土木建筑工程学院,710048 西安

通讯作者:

雍馨。E-mail:
Experimental study and numerical analysis on seismic behaviors of RC frame-frame truss composite wall
Xin YONG , Xiaolei LI
Affiliations
  • School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi'an University of Technology, 710048 Xi'an, China
出版时间: 2025-12-15 doi: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.011
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为了提高钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)框架的抗侧能力,提出RC框架-框桁式复合墙(frame truss composite wall,FTCW)结构,并对2个缩尺比例为1∶2的RC框架-FTCW试件进行了拟静力试验。通过试验现象、滞回曲线、骨架曲线和刚度退化曲线,对其承载力、延性、刚度退化等抗震性能进行了分析。通过ABAQUS软件对可能影响RC框架-FTCW骨架曲线的因素进行了拓展研究,包括不同内填FTCW数量、框架柱配筋率、轴压比、混凝土强度、内嵌角钢及内填墙片布置方向。结果表明:内嵌墙体先于RC框架被破坏,而在墙体内部,内斜撑先于外框被破坏,从而形成一个多级能耗系统,达到抗震设计的目的;提高RC框架-FTCW承载力最有效的方式是增加内填FTCW的数量,其次是增大框架柱的配筋率,而增大轴压比和混凝土强度或在FTCW中内斜撑增设角钢对承载力的提高作用较小;另外,FTCW布置方向的影响是不可忽略的,FTCW的数量和位置应该对称布置。

RC框架-框桁式复合墙  /  拟静力试验  /  多级能耗系统  /  数值分析

Against the characteristic of large deformation for reinforced concrete(RC)frame, RC frame-frame truss composite wall(FTCW)structure was proposed, and two reinforced concrete(RC)frameframe truss composite wall(FTCW)specimens with a scale of 1∶2 were implemented for cyclic loading test. The seismic performance of bearing capacity, ductility and stiffness degradation were analyzed by the test phenomenon, hysteresis curves, backbone curves and stiffness degradation curves. The simulation of cyclic loading test was conducted by ABAQUS software, and the results were compared with the test results. The influence of the amount of infill FTCW, rebar ratio of RC frame columns, axial compression ratio, concrete strength, embedded angle steel and the layout direction of FTCW were analyzed. The test behav-iors showed that a multistage energy consuming system that FTCW worked before RC frame and the internal diagonal struts worked before the outer frame inside the FTCW, forming a multistage energy consumption system for the design purpose of earthquake resistant structures. The numerical analysis results showed that the most effective way to improve the bearing capacity of RC frame-FTCW was to increase the amount of filled FTCW, followed by increasing the rebar ratio of frame columns, and the improvement of increasing the concrete strength or adding angle steel for the internal diagonal struts were smaller. The improvement of axial compression ratio on the bearing capacity was unnoticeable. In addition, the layout direction of FTCW was significant, and the number and position of FTCW should be symmetrically arranged.

reinforced concrete(RC)frame-frame truss composite wall(FTCW)  /  cyclic loading test  /  multistage energy consuming system  /  numerical analysis
雍馨, 李晓蕾. RC框架-框桁式复合墙抗震性能试验研究及有限元分析. 应用力学学报, 2025 , 42 (6) : 1309 -1319 . DOI: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.011
Xin YONG, Xiaolei LI. Experimental study and numerical analysis on seismic behaviors of RC frame-frame truss composite wall[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2025 , 42 (6) : 1309 -1319 . DOI: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.011
框桁式复合墙(frame truss composite wall,FTCW)是一种新型结构形式的墙体[1],主要由外框和内斜撑构成。该墙体结合了斜压杆理论[2-3]和装配式墙体的概念[4],其较小的高宽比使得墙体可以根据设计需要灵活布置于建筑结构中。根据墙体的拟静力试验结果[5],在循环荷载作用下,内斜撑先于外框开裂耗能,但试件总体表现出脆性破坏的特点。该破坏在墙体的内力分析[6]中被解释为内斜撑将水平荷载转化为外框底部截面上的压力,这一工作机理导致外框底部在竖向荷载和来自水平荷载的压力共同作用下成为了最危险截面,从而首先被压溃致使试件破坏。然而不同方向的内斜撑有效地将循环荷载中正负向载荷对内斜撑的损伤分离开来,并且内桁杆与外框交点在试验后期表现出的变形体现出墙体独特的耗能特性。框桁式复合墙的内斜撑类似于框架填充墙中的填充墙,外框类似于框架。框架填充墙结构是一种广泛使用的结构形式。研究表明[7-8],填充墙对钢筋混凝土框架结构的水平地震作用有很大贡献。各国的规范也对填充墙在结构设计中的作用进行了明确。因此填充墙的耗能特性成为了一个研究方向,如纤维增强混凝土(fiber reinforced concrete,FRC)[9]墙,钢-混凝土-钢(steel-concrete-steel,SCS)组合剪力墙[10]及钢板剪力墙(steel plate shear wall,SPSW)[11]等。其中FRC耗能墙是通过钢或纤维与混凝土的混合材料替代普通混凝土来提高墙体开裂后的残余强度;SCS墙是由两片钢板及中间的混凝土形成的组合结构,高强度和强耗能的优点使得其成为高层建筑及桥面等建筑的优良选择;SPSW是使用钢板四面包围混凝土形成的墙体结构,其具有良好的抗侧能力和耗能能力。从框架填充墙的工作机理[12]来看,内部填充墙在弹性阶段的主要工作是能量耗散,而在弹性阶段之后内部填充墙仍然具有对角斜向支撑的作用。一些学者提出了带耗能支撑的RC框架[13]或带耗能支撑的RC框架-剪力墙结构[14]。本研究将框桁式复合墙作为耗能墙与框架结构结合形成分阶段分部件耗能的多级耗能体系。
耗能墙与RC框架之间的协同工作机制及抗震性能也是框架-剪力墙结构的研究重点。梁兴文等[15]提出将高性能纤维增强混凝土墙内填于RC框架的复合结构,并对其抗震性能进行了试验研究,同时对结构的抗侧能力进行了理论预估。汪裕洲等[16]对RC框架-再生填充墙的抗震性能进行了试验研究,并对比分析了再生填充墙和普通填充墙对复合结构的影响。熊峰等[17]研究了纤维石膏填充墙对RC框架承载力及耗能能力的增强作用,发现纤维石膏填充墙比传统页岩砖钢筋混凝土填充墙对RC框架变形能力的提高作用更明显。
为了研究FTCW作为填充墙和RC框架组合结构的抗震性能,本研究对初步设计制作的2个RC框架-FTCW进行了拟静力试验研究,通过实际使用混凝土及钢筋的强度计算得到材料的本构关系,并对拟静力试验进行数值模拟,将模拟结果与试验结果进行比较。分析不同内填FTCW数量、框架柱配筋率、轴压比、混凝土强度、内嵌角钢及内填墙片布置方向对试件抗震性能的影响。
按照1∶2的缩尺比例初步设计了2个试件,分别为F-W01和F-W02。如图1(a)~图1(b)所示,2个试件的RC框架尺寸和配筋相同。为了尽可能地反映RC框架与框桁式复合墙之间的协同工作机制以及不同参数墙体对RC框架的提高作用,FTCW均设置在RC框架旁,且与RC框架左柱和右柱相连的墙数量和宽高比等参数不同。试件F-W01内填一片墙①,试件F-W02内填2片墙②③。墙①的内斜撑内置角钢,而墙②③没有。墙①②的宽高比相同,而墙③由于内斜撑数量较多宽高比较大。RC框架和墙①②③的配筋图如图1(c)~图1(h)所示。试件中的内填FTCW通过上肢中的箍筋深入框架梁、下肢中的箍筋深入底梁以及混凝土一次浇筑成型的制作过程与RC框架进行连接,如图1(i)~图1(j)所示。
2个试件的设计参数在表1中进行了总结。试件的混凝土均采用标准C40混凝土,混凝土抗压强度试验得到的立方体抗压强度标准值为42.2 MPa。轴压比按照试件有效横截面可以承受的最大竖向荷载计算,即n=N/fcA,其中N为竖向荷载,fc为混凝土抗压强度标准值,A为RC框架和FTCW的有效横截面积之和,以试件F-W01为例,RC框架的有效横截面积为两根框架柱的横截面积之和(0.32×2),FTCW的有效横截面积为外框(0.12×2+0.4×0.1×2/1.5)和内斜撑(0.305×0.1×4/1.5)等效横截面积之和。所用钢筋及角钢的抗拉强度值如表2所示。
试验在西安建筑科技大学结构与抗震教育部重点实验室进行。图2为试件的加载装置,图中地锚螺杆和螺栓将底梁固定在地面以确保水平加载在平面内,此外,水平连接装置的设置也是为了最大程度确保水平加载在平面内进行。拟静力试验的加载步骤分为两步:第一步是由框架柱上方的液压千斤顶根据轴压比施加固定的竖向荷载,F-W01的垂直负荷为540 kN,F-W02的垂直负荷为580 kN,规定往复作动器推向加载为正,拉向加载为负;第二步是由MTS施加水平循环荷载,加载制度如图3所示,水平加载初期以力的大小控制,加载后期以位移控制,2个阶段以屈服点Fy划分。屈服点是由荷载-位移滞回曲线上的显著拐点确定的。达到屈服荷载Fy(F-W01的Fy为360 kN,F-W02的Fy为270 kN)后更改为位移加载,同时每级加载增加为3次,直到水平荷载值降低至其峰值的85%或试件明显破坏。
试件F-W01的裂缝发展历程如下。
1)当水平荷载小于60 kN时,没有裂缝出现。
2)当荷载范围为60~120 kN时,F-W01右柱底部出现第一条裂缝。
3)当荷载达到150 kN时,内斜撑上及右肢的裂缝数量逐渐增加。
4)当荷载达到180 kN时,左柱出现裂缝,内斜撑的裂缝继续延伸。
5)在180~330 kN的荷载范围内,裂缝的出现和延伸主要集中在RC框架上。
6)当荷载达到180 kN时,框架梁柱交点处出现多条裂缝。在达到360 kN后,加载变为位移控制。
7)当位移达到18 mm时,右柱底部的混凝土部分脱落。
8)当位移达到24 mm时,墙①逐渐与RC框架分离,连接处的裂缝宽度越来越大。水平荷载在36 mm后开始有所降低,而且下降越来越明显。
9)当位移达到42 mm后,右肢底部混凝土严重脱落。同时,FTCW与RC框架完全分离。由于墙①的斜撑作用,框架左柱底部发生短柱破坏。
试件的最终破坏图及裂缝分布如图4(a)所示。
试件F-W02的裂缝发展历程如下。
1)在水平荷载达到30 kN之前,试件通过材料的变形抵消能量,因此处于弹性阶段,没有裂缝出现。
2)当载荷达到30 kN时,墙②③内斜撑上首先出现裂纹,并围绕内斜撑连接成环。裂缝呈现出垂直于内斜撑方向且均匀分布的规律。
3)当荷载达到90 kN时,左柱和右柱底部均出现了多条裂缝。
4)当荷载达到180 kN时,RC框架与墙②之间出现第一条裂缝,说明墙片开始出现与RC框架分离的趋势。
5)当荷载达到240 kN时,裂缝主要集中在右柱底部。墙片与RC框架接缝处的裂缝越来越大,并有部分混凝土脱落。270 kN后改为位移控制。
6)在9~33 mm的位移内,墙片上混凝土脱落现象越来越严重,墙片与RC框架之间的裂缝扩大。
7)当位移达到33 mm时,框架梁的中部出现了多条垂直裂缝。
8)在36~39 mm的位移内,框架梁上的裂缝在长度和数量上都有所增加。
9)由于墙②③的斜撑作用,框架梁柱交点处的裂缝在42 mm后变宽,同时框架左柱产生局部短柱效应。
试件的最终破坏图及裂缝分布如图4(b)所示。
RC框架上的裂缝主要集中在框架梁柱的交叉点和框架柱底部,而FTCW上的裂缝则均匀分布在内斜撑上,并集中分布在外框和内斜撑的交点处和右肢(墙①②)或左肢(墙③)底部。图5是内斜撑上裂纹分布的放大图。以裂缝出现时的水平荷载值对裂缝进行命名,可以看到,墙①内斜撑上的裂缝在水平载荷≥150 kN之后出现,而墙②③内斜撑上的裂缝出现在30 kN的水平荷载值时就开始出现。这说明内嵌角钢的设计可以有效延长内斜撑的弹性耗能时间。
图6为试件的荷载-位移滞回曲线。可以看到:在水平荷载为20 mm位移时,试件F-W02的水平载荷值出现先轻微降低又逐渐攀升至峰值的现象,试件F-W01的这一现象不太明显,分析原因可能是内填墙片完成第一阶段的抗侧工作;试件F-W01的滞回环比试件F-W02的更饱满一些,说明试件F-W01由于内嵌墙片数量较少而具有更好的变形能力;同一级水平荷载的第二轮和第三轮加载产生的滞回环水平荷载峰值明显降低,这是因为试件的非弹性变形越来越严重。
滞回曲线的外包络线是试件的骨架曲线,2个试件的荷载-位移骨架曲线在图7中进行了对比。相较于试件F-W01的荷载-位移骨架曲线,试件F-W02的荷载-位移骨架曲线正负向荷载值相对对称,这一现象也与内填墙片的数量相关。2个试件在正向加载时水平荷载峰值相近而在负向加载时相差较大。分析原因是:RC框架-FTCW在竖向荷载和水平荷载作用下,框架柱底部成为应力集中部位;正向加载时,2个试件左侧都有内填墙片;负向加载时,试件F-W02右侧有内填墙片而试件F-W01没有。
表3列出了2个试件在4个特征点(开裂点、屈服点、峰值荷载点和极限荷载点)的位移值和水平荷载值,并计算了延性系数和极限层间位移角。开裂点是试件出现第一条裂缝时对应的水平荷载和位移在荷载-位移骨架曲线上所确定的点;屈服点是根据能量法[16]计算出来的点;峰值荷载点对应荷载-位移骨架曲线上水平荷载达到峰值时的点;而极限荷载点对应荷载-位移骨架曲线上水平荷载峰值降低至85%时的点。
表3可以总结出以下几点。
1)关于开裂点:在正负向水平荷载作用下,试件F-W02在开裂点的平均值比试件F-W01小50%,开裂点位移前移39%。表明减少内填墙片的数量可以增大试件的变形能力。
2)关于屈服点:试件F-W01和试件F-W02在屈服点的正向水平荷载基本相同,而2个试件在屈服点负向水平荷载值相差72.3 kN。这说明,增加内填墙片的数量可以推迟屈服点。
3)关于峰值荷载点:试件F-W01正负向水平荷载峰值相差48.667 kN,而试件F-W02的正负向水平荷载峰值相差42.230 kN。说明内嵌角钢可以提高试件的承载力。
4)关于延性系数:试件F-W01在正向水平荷载下的延性系数比试件F-W02的小21%,表明增加内填墙片的数量可以提高试件的延性。
5)关于极限层间位移角:极限层间位移角为极限荷载的位移与结构高度之比,2个试件的极限层间位移角满足框架结构限值。
使用ABAQUS软件对试件的拟静力试验进行模拟,如图8所示。对于混凝土和钢筋分别采用实体拉伸和三维线的部件类型;混凝土采用塑性损伤模型,钢筋采用方自虎等[18]提出的专门用于往复荷载作用下的钢筋应力-应变曲线;钢筋内嵌于混凝土中,墙片和RC框架之间的连接方式采用“Tie”的耦合方式;设置2个分析步,一个用于施加竖向固定荷载,另一个用于施加水平往复荷载;在边界条件模块,设置框架柱底面和内填FTCW下肢底面进行完全固结约束取代底梁,竖向荷载施加在框架柱顶面,水平荷载施加在框架梁侧面;根据内力分析[6]中混凝土部件的单元划分尺寸为25 mm、钢筋的单元划分尺寸为8 mm时对计算精度精度影响最小且计算速度最合适,角钢的单元划分尺寸为8 mm。
根据单轴受压时混凝土应力-应变曲线和单轴受拉时钢筋应力-应变曲线[19],可以计算得到试件实际使用混凝土和钢筋及角钢的本构关系。此外,ABAQUS软件中使用的钢筋应力-应变曲线对钢筋混凝土的黏结滑移现象描述得不够准确,因此,采用方自虎提出的专门用于往复荷载作用下钢筋应力-应变曲线[18]编写的子程序对ABAQUS软件中自带的子程序进行替换,从而更好地模拟黏结滑移现象。该钢筋应力-应变曲线主要将钢筋卸载阶段的直线部分增加为两端式卸载,从而更好地模拟了钢筋混凝土的黏结滑移效果。
图9对比了2个试件的拟静力试验得到的滞回曲线与试验得到的滞回曲线。2个试件的滞回曲线与试验结果相对贴合。
图10为荷载-位移骨架曲线的数值模拟结果和试验结果的对比。图中2个试件模拟的荷载-位移骨架曲线走势与试验曲线相似,且峰值荷载相近;2个试件模拟的荷载-位移骨架曲线对试验中出现的水平荷载值随着位移增加先略微下降再逐步增加的现象也有较好体现。
图11为2个试件的混凝土应力云图,在竖向荷载和水平荷载作用下,RC框架柱底部和框架节点处应力较为集中,墙①②右肢底部和墙③左肢底部应力集中。这与图4中混凝土破坏的位置一致。
为了深入研究内填墙片的数量、轴压比、混凝土强度及RC框架柱配筋率对RC框架-FTCW承载力的影响,使用有限元软件对不同参数下结构进行拟静力试验模拟。
结合内填2片FTCW的试件F-W02,使用ABAQUS软件建立有1片、3片和4片内填墙的数值模型。内填墙片之间采用“Tie”的连接方式,竖向荷载与水平循环荷载与试件F-W02相同。得到模拟拟静力试验的荷载-位移骨架曲线如图12所示。从图12可以看出增加内填墙片的数量可以有效提高RC框架-FTCW的承载力。内填墙片数量对正向承载力的提高较负向承载力的提高更为明显,分析原因可能是内填墙片由于内斜撑关于竖向中心线不对称而导致其布置方向会产生正负向承载力不同。因此在使用FTCW作为内填墙片与RC框架组合抗震时应该注意内填墙片布置的对称性。
根据试验结果可知,由于内填墙片数量较少,F-W02试件承载力的主要承担者仍然为RC框架。设置数值模型中框架柱纵筋分别为后模拟其拟静力试验,得到不同框架柱纵筋配筋率时的荷载-位移骨架曲线如图13所示。从图中可以看到,框架柱纵筋配筋率从0.89%增大到1.39%对结构的承载力提高了约7%,框架柱纵筋配筋率从1.39%增大到2.18%,结构的承载力提高了约17%。
图14是F-W02试件的数值模型在轴压比分别为0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5时对拟静力试验模拟得到的荷载-位移骨架曲线比较图。从图中可以看到,轴压比每增加0.1,峰值承载力提高约4%,但是轴压比对整个曲线的改变不大。
混凝土是构件的主要材料之一,因此混凝土强度可能成为影响承载力的主要原因。建立了混凝土强度分别为C40、C45、C50、C55时的试件F-W02模型,并对其拟静力试验进行模拟,得到不同混凝土强度时的荷载-位移骨架曲线如图15所示。可以看到,每提高一级混凝土强度对结构承载力峰值约提高1%~5%。
内斜撑作为多级能耗系统中初级阶段的主要耗能工作部件,研究内嵌角钢对其影响是非常必要的。对试件F-W02进行数值建模时,为墙②③中内斜撑增设内嵌角钢,得到其拟静力试验的荷载-位移骨架曲线如图16所示。从图中可以看到,墙②③增加内嵌角钢可以对试件F-W02试件骨架曲线的峰值承载力提高7.40%。因此提高内斜撑的配钢率可以起到增强RC框架-FTCW承载力的作用。
由于FTCW关于竖向中心线不对称,因此内填墙片的布置方向可能会影响结构承载力。为了更明显地研究该影响因素,对4片对称布置内填墙的RC框架-FTCW进行拟静力试验的数值模拟,得到的荷载-位移骨架曲线与3.4.1中对非对称布置4片内填墙的RC框架-FTCW模拟结果进行对比,如图17所示。可以看到对称布置内填墙结构比非对称布置内填墙结构的承载力降低了10.84%。分析原因是如墙①布置方向时,内斜撑可以更好地将水平荷载传递到右肢底部截面以实现较好地抵抗水平荷载。
通过对RC框架-FTCW的试验研究和数值分析可以得到如下结论。
1)试验现象表明:RC框架-FTCW结构具有的多级能耗系统可以实现对地震能量进行持续耗散的设计目标。
2)试验结果表明:F-W01正负向水平荷载值相差约13.58%,说明FTCW对RC框架的水平荷载峰值有提高作用;F-W02正负向水平荷载平均值比F-W01提高了13.47%,说明内填FTCW的数量和RC框架-FTCW的水平承载力成正比。
3)数值分析结果表明:每增加一片内填FTCW可以将RC框架-FTCW结构的承载力峰值提高约35%,这也是提高结构承载力最有效的方法;此外还可以通过增加内填墙片的数量,增大RC框架柱的纵筋配筋率,增大轴压比,提高混凝土强度和增设内嵌角钢的方式;另外,由于FTCW的不对称性,其布置位置及布置方向的影响是不可忽略的,FTCW的数量和位置应该对称布置。
综上,框桁式复合墙的外框和内斜撑可以和RC框架形成多级耗能系统,同时其作为斜撑会对RC框架节点造成局部应力集中。因此,在使用小宽高比的装配式框桁式复合墙应用于框架结构中增强结构的抗侧刚度、改良结构的耗能体统时,同时也需要注意RC框架节点的应力集中问题。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51508463)
  • 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2019JQ-727)
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doi: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.011
  • 接收时间:2023-06-25
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-12-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-25
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(51508463)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(2019JQ-727)
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    西安理工大学土木建筑工程学院,710048 西安

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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Number of
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种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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