Article(id=1244340205415674206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709568000000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-05, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774603423694, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1765728000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774603423694, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774603423694, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603423694, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244340201636610993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, year='2025', volume='42', issue='6', pageStart='1207', pageEnd='1446', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774603422792, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603751062, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244341578555306992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244341578555306993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1330, endPage=1339, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244340205730247010, articleId=1244340205415674206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, language=EN, title=Creep analysis method for reinforced concrete fiber beam elements considering shear effect, columnId=1244340205327593820, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, columnName=Solid Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The classic fiber model based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory overlooks the influence of shear deformation on the section of the beam. In order to establish a more accurate creep analysis method for reinforced concrete fiber beam elements, this paper proposes a fiber beam element considering shear effects based on Timoshenko beam theory. The stiffness matrix of the fiber beam element is derived, and the finite element equation for the equivalent nodal force of creep analysis based on concrete creep analysis initial strain method is obtained. Finally, a finite element method for creep analysis of reinforced concrete fiber beam elements is established. A computing program is developed in FORTRAN language, and elastic analysis for normal beam and reinforced concrete beam, and creep analysis for reinforced concrete beam are conducted. The results are compared with analytical solutions, commercial software and other literature, indicating that the proposed method can accurately consider the shear effects and clearly define the behaviors of steel and concrete in the creep performance of reinforced concrete beams. Moreover, including steel in the creep analysis model can effectively improve the accuracy of the results.

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基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论的经典纤维模型忽略了剪切变形给截面带来的影响,为了建立更加精确的钢筋混凝土纤维梁单元徐变分析方法,基于考虑剪切效应的纤维梁单元,根据Timoshenko梁理论,推导了该纤维梁单元的刚度矩阵,利用混凝土徐变分析的初应变法,导出单元徐变等效节点力的有限元列式,最终建立了钢筋混凝土纤维梁单元徐变分析的有限元方法。利用FORTRAN语言编制了计算程序,进行了普通梁与钢筋混凝土梁的弹性分析,以及钢筋混凝土梁的徐变分析,分别与解析解、ABAQUS有限元解以及其他文献解进行了比较。结果表明:该方法在准确计入剪切效应的同时,能清晰界定钢筋与混凝土在钢筋混凝土梁徐变性能中的行为;同时也表明钢筋混凝土梁徐变分析模型中计入钢筋能有效提高计算结果的精度。

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邓继华,教授。E-mail:
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label=Tab.1, caption=

Comparison of mid-span deflection of simply supported beams

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
梁高与跨径单元数量集中荷载均布荷载
厚梁理论[34]文献[34]解本研究解厚梁理论[34]文献[34]解本研究解
H=1  L=1021.288 40×10-51.288 40×10-51.288 52×10-58.004 50×10-58.004 50×10-58.005 30×10-5
41.288 40×10-51.288 53×10-58.004 50×10-58.005 30×10-5
81.288 40×10-51.288 53×10-58.004 52×10-58.005 30×10-5
H=0.5  L=1021.007 68×10-41.007 68×10-41.007 78×10-46.288 40×10-46.288 40×10-46.289 00×10-4
41.007 68×10-41.007 78×10-46.288 40×10-46.289 00×10-4
81.007 69×10-41.007 78×10-46.288 44×10-46.289 00×10-4
H=0.1  L=1021.250 38×1021.250 38×10-21.250 51×10-27.814 42×10-27.814 42×10-27.815 20×10-2
41.250 38×10-21.250 51×10-27.814 42×10-27.815 20×10-2
81.250 39×10-21.250 51×10-27.814 43×10-27.815 20×10-2
H=1  L=2021.007 68×10-41.007 68×10-41.007 78×10-31.257 68×10-31.257 68×10-31.257 80×10-3
41.007 68×10-41.007 78×10-41.257 68×10-31.257 80×10-3
81.007 69×10-41.007 78×10-41.257 69×10-31.257 81×10-3
H=0.5  L=2028.015 36×10-48.015 36×10-48.016 16×10-41.001 54×10-21.001 54×10-21.001 64×10-2
48.015 36×10-48.016 16×10-41.001 54×10-21.001 64×10-2
88.015 38×10-48.016 16×10-41.001 53×10-21.001 64×10-2
H=0.1  L=2021.000 08-11.000 08-11.000 18-11.250 081.250 081.250 20
41.000 08-11.000 18-11.250 081.250 20
81.000 08-11.000 18-11.250 081.250 20
), ArticleFig(id=1244340236935868828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205415674206, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

简支梁跨中挠度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
梁高与跨径单元数量集中荷载均布荷载
厚梁理论[34]文献[34]解本研究解厚梁理论[34]文献[34]解本研究解
H=1  L=1021.288 40×10-51.288 40×10-51.288 52×10-58.004 50×10-58.004 50×10-58.005 30×10-5
41.288 40×10-51.288 53×10-58.004 50×10-58.005 30×10-5
81.288 40×10-51.288 53×10-58.004 52×10-58.005 30×10-5
H=0.5  L=1021.007 68×10-41.007 68×10-41.007 78×10-46.288 40×10-46.288 40×10-46.289 00×10-4
41.007 68×10-41.007 78×10-46.288 40×10-46.289 00×10-4
81.007 69×10-41.007 78×10-46.288 44×10-46.289 00×10-4
H=0.1  L=1021.250 38×1021.250 38×10-21.250 51×10-27.814 42×10-27.814 42×10-27.815 20×10-2
41.250 38×10-21.250 51×10-27.814 42×10-27.815 20×10-2
81.250 39×10-21.250 51×10-27.814 43×10-27.815 20×10-2
H=1  L=2021.007 68×10-41.007 68×10-41.007 78×10-31.257 68×10-31.257 68×10-31.257 80×10-3
41.007 68×10-41.007 78×10-41.257 68×10-31.257 80×10-3
81.007 69×10-41.007 78×10-41.257 69×10-31.257 81×10-3
H=0.5  L=2028.015 36×10-48.015 36×10-48.016 16×10-41.001 54×10-21.001 54×10-21.001 64×10-2
48.015 36×10-48.016 16×10-41.001 54×10-21.001 64×10-2
88.015 38×10-48.016 16×10-41.001 53×10-21.001 64×10-2
H=0.1  L=2021.000 08-11.000 08-11.000 18-11.250 081.250 081.250 20
41.000 08-11.000 18-11.250 081.250 20
81.000 08-11.000 18-11.250 081.250 20
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Comparison of load at cantilever end of cantilever beam

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钢筋截面面积荷载(考虑剪切)/kN相差/%荷载(不考虑剪切)/kN相差/%
本研究ABAQUS本研究ABAQUS
As=02 802.12 744.52.052 957.82 957.80
As≠03 035.42 967.22.253 218.93 218.70.01
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悬臂梁悬臂端荷载对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钢筋截面面积荷载(考虑剪切)/kN相差/%荷载(不考虑剪切)/kN相差/%
本研究ABAQUS本研究ABAQUS
As=02 802.12 744.52.052 957.82 957.80
As≠03 035.42 967.22.253 218.93 218.70.01
), ArticleFig(id=1244340237296578992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205415674206, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Relative error of each calculated value in this paper and literature[27]

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参数恒载徐变1年徐变3年
跨中挠度0.530.532.60
上缘应力0.182.043.52
下缘应力0.345.2910.22
跨中处钢筋拉力1.440.574.03
), ArticleFig(id=1244340237460156860, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205415674206, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

本研究与文献[27]各计算值相对误差

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参数恒载徐变1年徐变3年
跨中挠度0.530.532.60
上缘应力0.182.043.52
下缘应力0.345.2910.22
跨中处钢筋拉力1.440.574.03
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考虑剪切效应的钢筋混凝土纤维梁单元徐变分析方法
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邓继华 1, 2 , 鲁朵朵 1 , 谭建平 1 , 田仲初 1
应用力学学报 | 固体力学 2025,42(6): 1330-1339
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应用力学学报 | 固体力学 2025, 42(6): 1330-1339
考虑剪切效应的钢筋混凝土纤维梁单元徐变分析方法
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邓继华1, 2 , 鲁朵朵1, 谭建平1, 田仲初1
作者信息
  • 1.长沙理工大学土木与环境工程学院,410114 长沙
  • 2.长沙理工大学桥梁工程安全控制教育部重点实验室,410114 长沙

通讯作者:

邓继华,教授。E-mail:
Creep analysis method for reinforced concrete fiber beam elements considering shear effect
Jihua DENG1, 2 , Duoduo LU1, Jianping TAN1, Zhongchu TIAN1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University of Science&Technology, 410114 Changsha, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Safety Control of Bridge Engineering of Ministry of Education, Changsha University of Science&Technology, 410114 Changsha, China
出版时间: 2025-12-15 doi: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.013
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基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论的经典纤维模型忽略了剪切变形给截面带来的影响,为了建立更加精确的钢筋混凝土纤维梁单元徐变分析方法,基于考虑剪切效应的纤维梁单元,根据Timoshenko梁理论,推导了该纤维梁单元的刚度矩阵,利用混凝土徐变分析的初应变法,导出单元徐变等效节点力的有限元列式,最终建立了钢筋混凝土纤维梁单元徐变分析的有限元方法。利用FORTRAN语言编制了计算程序,进行了普通梁与钢筋混凝土梁的弹性分析,以及钢筋混凝土梁的徐变分析,分别与解析解、ABAQUS有限元解以及其他文献解进行了比较。结果表明:该方法在准确计入剪切效应的同时,能清晰界定钢筋与混凝土在钢筋混凝土梁徐变性能中的行为;同时也表明钢筋混凝土梁徐变分析模型中计入钢筋能有效提高计算结果的精度。

钢筋混凝土纤维梁单元  /  徐变  /  剪切效应  /  Timoshenko梁理论  /  有限元分析

The classic fiber model based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory overlooks the influence of shear deformation on the section of the beam. In order to establish a more accurate creep analysis method for reinforced concrete fiber beam elements, this paper proposes a fiber beam element considering shear effects based on Timoshenko beam theory. The stiffness matrix of the fiber beam element is derived, and the finite element equation for the equivalent nodal force of creep analysis based on concrete creep analysis initial strain method is obtained. Finally, a finite element method for creep analysis of reinforced concrete fiber beam elements is established. A computing program is developed in FORTRAN language, and elastic analysis for normal beam and reinforced concrete beam, and creep analysis for reinforced concrete beam are conducted. The results are compared with analytical solutions, commercial software and other literature, indicating that the proposed method can accurately consider the shear effects and clearly define the behaviors of steel and concrete in the creep performance of reinforced concrete beams. Moreover, including steel in the creep analysis model can effectively improve the accuracy of the results.

reinforced concrete fiber beam element  /  creep  /  shear effect  /  Timoshenko beam theory  /  finite element analysis
邓继华, 鲁朵朵, 谭建平, 田仲初. 考虑剪切效应的钢筋混凝土纤维梁单元徐变分析方法. 应用力学学报, 2025 , 42 (6) : 1330 -1339 . DOI: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.013
Jihua DENG, Duoduo LU, Jianping TAN, Zhongchu TIAN. Creep analysis method for reinforced concrete fiber beam elements considering shear effect[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2025 , 42 (6) : 1330 -1339 . DOI: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.013
经典的Euler-Bernoulli梁理论在实际工程结构分析中应用非常广泛,但由于未考虑剪切变形给截面带来的影响,在梁的高跨比较大时会有一定的误差[1]。相对而言,采用考虑剪切变形影响的深梁理论会改善分析结果[2-3],这其中Timoshenko梁理论由于简单、求解方便、应用广泛而成为经典[4]。将Timoshenko梁理论与纤维梁模型结合能有效改善传统纤维梁模型[5-6]在模拟以剪切变形为主的结构行为时效果不好的缺点,为结构的非线性分析开辟了新的道路。在材料非线性分析方面,许多学者[7-12]通过引入纤维材料的多轴本构关系,推导了能考虑剪切变形影响的纤维梁模型。对于几何非线性分析,胡郑州等[13]推导了考虑剪切效应的三维纤维梁大位移增量非线性有限元UL列式,但未考虑材料非线性;李嘉钰等[1]在此基础上进行了改进,通过引入弹塑性增量理论,实现了能考虑结构几何非线性和材料非线性的功能。基于有限元理论发展的纤维梁单元,在进行几何与材料非线性分析时计算比较繁琐。林贤宏等[14]从有限质点法的基本原理出发推导了可考虑剪切和扭转变形的有限质点法纤维梁单元,几何与材料双非线性均已计入,相对于有限元法而言,有限质点法中由于各质点运动方程的求解过程相互独立,不涉及结构刚度矩阵的集成和求逆,无需迭代求解,因此能避免结构刚度矩阵奇异造成的数值求解困难,适合于求解复杂的结构非线性问题,因而应用较广[15-18]。在基于考虑剪切效应的纤维梁理论开展徐变效应研究方面,模型或结构试验上有部分成果[19-20],但理论与分析方法方面研究较少。
对于钢筋混凝土梁的徐变分析,目前一般采用Euler-Bernoulli梁单元进行分析计算[21],该方法除了未考虑剪切效应外,对于钢筋与混凝土之间由于徐变而产生的应力重分布计算不方便也不准确[22-23]。为解决此问题,许多学者改用较复杂的二维或三维单元来进行[2224-28],但此方法又存在计算结果不方便直接用于结构设计的缺点。
鉴于此,本研究将徐变分析的初应变法[29-30]用于基于Timoshenko梁理论推导的考虑剪切效应的钢筋混凝土纤维梁单元,建立此类型单元的徐变分析方法。该方法不仅能准确计入剪切效应对结构受力行为的影响,还能解决徐变引起的混凝土和钢筋之间应力重分布问题,得到的计算结果,如弯矩、剪力以及轴力等能直接用于钢筋混凝土梁的结构分析与设计。
图1所示钢筋混凝土纤维梁单元,为便于后续推导,采用以下假设:①满足平截面假定,但法线转角与中线倾角一般不再相等,两者差值为梁的横向剪切应变;②钢筋与混凝土充分黏结,两者变形协调;③剪应力与剪应变均匀分布。
每个钢筋混凝土纤维梁单元有2个节点,每个节点有3个自由度,ue=[u1  v1  θ1  u2  v2  θ2]T为单元节点位移向量,单元轴线上距始端x处截面的位移u=[u0  θ0  γ0]T可用ue表示为
式中,Nx)为形函数,且有[31]
式中:L为单元长度;EIGA分别为截面的抗弯及抗剪刚度;k为剪切修正系数。
由式(1)可建立单元轴线上任一点轴向应变、曲率以及剪应变与节点位移的关系为
式中,
且有
在对钢筋混凝土梁进行如图1所示的纤维分层后,任意第i层的轴向应变εi由平截面假定可得到,有
式中,yi为第i层中心到形心轴的距离。
首先推导钢筋混凝土纤维梁中混凝土纤维对单元刚度矩阵的贡献。根据广义胡克定理,在单元内部具有初应变的情况下,混凝土纤维层应力表达式为
式中:下标c表示混凝土;σc,iτc,i分别为第i层混凝土纤维的轴向应力及剪应力;EcGc分别为混凝土的弹性模量与剪切模量;为混凝土徐变所引起的初应变的轴向应变和剪切应变,具体计算见后续部分。
对截面内所有混凝土纤维层积分,可得到截面力Pc的表达式为
对式(5)微分,有
可得到截面刚度矩阵Dc
式中,kc为截面混凝土部分的剪切修正系数。
对式(2)微分,有
基于虚功原理,有
式中:Fc为混凝土部分对单元节点力的贡献;L为单元长度。
联立式(8)对式(9)整理得
联立式(6),对式(10)微分得
式中,为混凝土部分对钢筋混凝土纤维梁在局部坐标系下单元刚度矩阵的贡献。
在求钢筋对钢筋混凝土纤维梁在局部坐标系下单元刚度矩阵的贡献ks时,暂只考虑钢筋纤维层仅有一层,假定钢筋在轴向只承受均匀应变εs以及剪应变τs,钢筋本身转角θs和曲率ψs为0。根据前述钢筋与混凝土充分黏结,两者变形协调的假定,有
式中,ys为钢筋到形心轴的距离,且
参照混凝土纤维层的推导,不难得出钢筋层对钢筋混凝土纤维梁在局部坐标系下单元刚度矩阵的贡献为
式中:EsAsGsAs分别为钢筋的抗压与抗剪刚度;ks为钢筋剪切修正系数。
对于处于复杂应力状态下的混凝土,其应力应变关系计算式为[32]
式中:为徐变柔量;Ctτ0)称为徐变度,定义为单位应力作用下产生的徐变;τ0为加载龄期;t为计算龄期;Eτ)为τ时刻的弹性模量;矩阵A用以考虑泊松比的影响,一般将混凝土的徐变泊松比视为常数并等于瞬时弹性应变的泊松比[32]。因此,对于考虑剪切效应的Timoshenko平面纤维梁单元,有
Timoshenko平面纤维梁单元的应力和应变分别为
采用增量法进行混凝土结构徐变分析时,一般将时间轴划分为一系列时段,即Δt1,Δt2,…,Δtn,其中Δtntn-tn-1,在假设混凝土弹性模量不随时间变化,即Eτ)为常数E的情况下,首先得到徐变应变的计算式为
在假设时间段划分很小的前提下,可将式(17)改写为
式中,Δσi为时间轴上ti时刻的应力增量。
基于式(18)可分别计算出3个相邻时刻tn-1tntn+1的徐变应变εctn-1)、εctn)、εctn+1),对于Δtn=tn-tn-1与Δtn+1=tn+1-tn时间段内的徐变应变增量,显然有
按式(19)、式(20)计算需储存各个单元在不同时刻的应力值,会显著增加储存量,降低计算效率。文献[33]提出用指数函数来表示徐变函数,建立相邻时刻徐变应变增量之间的递推关系,从而避免储存应力历史,本研究也采用此方法。
令混凝土徐变度Ctt0)的表达式为
基于式(21),有
联立式(20)与式(22),可得
对于式(24)的ω,由于本研究的Timoshenko平面纤维梁单元处于复杂应力状态,故ω是向量且有ω=[ωx  ωxy]T
联立式(19)与式(22),可得
联立式(24)与式(26),可得
显然
联立式(23)~式(28),可建立Timoshenko平面纤维梁单元徐变应变增量计算的递推式为
式中
应指出的是,对于本研究分析的Timoshenko平面纤维梁单元,ηω一样也是向量,有η=[ηx ηxy]T
作为初应变,计算出其等效节点荷载增量,并将其作用于Δtn+1时段末,按有限元的基本方法,可表示为
对式(30)进行具体计算时,可利用弹性矩阵D与矩阵A之间存在DEA-1关系以简化式(25)的具体计算[32]
由以上理论分析可知,基于应力应变层次用初应变法分析Timoshenko平面纤维梁单元组成的结构徐变效应的具体步骤如下。
首先是输入基本参数,确定时间轴,然后进行时步循环,时步循环结束则徐变计算结束,其中在时步的每次循环中又包括6个主要步骤。
①按常规方法计算结构刚度矩阵(如果各时步内结构无变化,则结构刚度矩阵在整个分析中只需计算一次,保存后被后续调用)及外加荷载形成的等效节点荷载矩阵。
②将按式(30)计算的上一时步徐变等效节点荷载叠加进等效节点荷载矩阵。
③解平衡方程,获得节点位移增量,叠加形成节点位移总量。
④基于线性应变矩阵B0与节点位移增量得到Timoshenko平面纤维梁单元纤维层各高斯点的应变增量,叠加形成应变总量εe,将其减去存储的上一时步末徐变应变总量(也可称为非应力应变总量)得到应力应变总量后再得到应力总量,将其减去存储的上一时步末的应力总量得到本时步的应力增量。
⑤基于第④步算得的本时步的应力增量利用式(24)进行徐变效应分析,计算出截止到本时步末的徐变应变增量Δεc,进而按式(25)计算出用于下一时步分析的徐变等效结点荷载ΔPc
⑥返回①,开始下一时步的分析。
本研究包含3个算例,前2个算例用于验证本研究计算Timoshenko梁的方法是否正确,在此基础上,用第3个算例来验证本研究提出的Timoshenko钢筋混凝土纤维梁徐变分析方法的正确性。
图2所示简支梁,与文献[34]相同,本研究也采用归一化,几何尺寸、材料及荷载等均未设置单位。满跨均布荷载q=1及跨中集中荷载P=1,梁截面为矩形,宽度B始终为1.0,改变梁高H与跨径L以体现Timoshenko梁的特点。材料的弹性模量E=2.0×107,剪切模量G=7.812 5×106,剪切系数k=5/6。表1列出了本研究方法计算值、文献[34]的解以及基于厚梁理论求得的解,可看出三者在各种高跨比下均吻合良好,因此本研究求解Timoshenko梁的解的精度是有保证的。
图3所示正方形截面钢筋混凝土悬臂梁,梁长1 650 mm,截面边长550 mm,钢筋和混凝土的弹性模量分别为2.0×105MPa和2.64×104MPa,泊松比分别为0.3和0.2,在梁端承受一个竖向荷载P
采用ABAQUS程序进行建模分析,分别采用考虑剪切变形的梁单元B31和不考虑剪切变形的梁单元B33来模拟悬臂梁,假定钢筋与混凝土黏结良好,使用rebar命令将钢筋嵌入到混凝土内部,作为比较,也进行了不考虑钢筋的计算,采用ABAQUS程序提供的位移加载形式。
图4给出了悬臂梁在加载前后的变形图。图5给出了基于本研究方法和ABAQUS程序分别考虑和不考虑剪切变形所得到的荷载-位移曲线。表2则列出了具体数值并进行了比较。可看出:考虑剪切效应时,本研究解与ABAQUS解两者误差最大不超过2.3%,而不考虑剪切效应时,两者误差则不超过1%,均吻合良好,验证了本研究理论及程序的正确。
对于钢筋的影响,由表2可知,考虑剪切效应,当梁端位移为22 mm时,考虑钢筋和不考虑钢筋分别需要施加3 035.4 kN和2 802.1 kN的集中荷载,两者相差7.69%;不考虑剪切效应,当梁端位移为22 mm时,考虑钢筋和不考虑钢筋分别需要施加3 218.9 kN和2 957.8 kN的集中荷载,相差8.11%,表明钢筋对钢筋混凝土梁的挠度等受力行为具有一定影响。
该算例来自文献[27]。跨径10 m的钢筋混凝土简支梁,截面尺寸与配筋等如图6所示,其他计算所需的几何、材料及荷载等参数详见文献[27],该文献是采用虚拟层合单元[35]与钢筋杆单元所形成的组合单元来模拟钢筋混凝土梁,本研究在分析时将梁均分成20个钢筋混凝土Timoshenko梁单元。
图7~图9给出了本研究计算的钢筋混凝土简支梁在3年内由于徐变引起的挠度、应力及钢筋内力的变化,同时作为比较,也列出了文献[27]的对应值,并将相应误差值统计于表3。可以看出,本研究与文献[27]的计算结果吻合良好。
图10给出了钢筋考虑与否对梁挠度的影响,考虑钢筋后简支梁跨中挠度在自重恒载、徐变1年以及徐变3年后的值分别为1.050、2.832与3.167 mm,不考虑钢筋的对应值分别为1.206、3.688与4.213 mm,两者之间分别相差14.9%、30.2%与33.0%。
图7~图10可看出,钢筋对钢筋混凝土梁的挠度、应力等影响是比较大的,特别是在拉压受力钢筋配筋率比较高(本算例配筋率为0.982%)的情况下。因此,为提高钢筋混凝土梁的徐变分析精度,计算模型中考虑钢筋是很有必要的。
1)本研究提出的钢筋混凝土纤维梁单元徐变分析方法,能考虑实际结构中可能存在的剪切效应,且计算结果与Euler-Bernoulli梁一样体现为单元的轴力、剪力及弯矩,方便用于截面设计与配筋验算等结构设计;同时,不像解析法等针对钢筋混凝土简支梁或连续梁需采用不同的假设而导致方法不通用,本研究基于有限元法,完全不存在此不通用问题,在各种类型的钢筋混凝土结构中可自由运用。
2)本研究在进行徐变分析时,分别计入钢筋和混凝土对单元刚度矩阵以及抗力矩阵的贡献,因此钢筋对混凝土徐变的阻碍作用可明确计入,能清晰地界定钢筋与混凝土之间的应力重分布问题。
3)算例2和算例3的结果表明,钢筋对钢筋混凝土梁的受力行为影响较明显,对于拉压受力钢筋配筋率为0.982%的算例3,考虑徐变3年后钢筋混凝土简支梁跨中挠度计入与不计入钢筋影响相差33.0%。因此,为提高分析精度,对于钢筋混凝土梁特别是其拉压钢筋配筋率比较高时,建议计算模型中考虑钢筋。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52278142)
  • 湖南省教育厅资助项目(21A0187)
  • 广东省自然科学基金资助项目(2015A030310141)
  • 桥梁结构健康与安全国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(BHSKL21-06-GF)
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2025年第42卷第6期
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doi: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.013
  • 接收时间:2024-03-05
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-12-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-05
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(52278142)
湖南省教育厅资助项目(21A0187)
广东省自然科学基金资助项目(2015A030310141)
桥梁结构健康与安全国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(BHSKL21-06-GF)
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    1.长沙理工大学土木与环境工程学院,410114 长沙
    2.长沙理工大学桥梁工程安全控制教育部重点实验室,410114 长沙

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邓继华,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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