Article(id=1244340205130461528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1688400000000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774603423625, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1765728000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774603423625, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774603423625, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603423625, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244340201636610993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, year='2025', volume='42', issue='6', pageStart='1207', pageEnd='1446', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774603422792, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603751062, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244341578555306992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244341578555306993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1301, endPage=1308, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244340205419868511, articleId=1244340205130461528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, language=EN, title=First-principles study on the effects of Re and Ru doping content on the stability of a Ni-Al binary model nickel-based single-crystal superalloy, columnId=1244340205327593820, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, columnName=Solid Mechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, the effects of doping elements(Re and Ru)content on the stability and occupancy orientation of a Ni-Al binary model nickel-based single-crystal superalloy are studied by using first-principles calculations. The results show that the total energy of the system decreases gradually with the increase of the content of Re and Ru elements, which suggests that the stability of the system is improved. The system using Ru to replace Ni has the lowest stability, while the stability of system is the best by using Re to replace Al. Therefore, Re and Ru are more inclined to replace Al, which is consistent with the previous experimental results. Meanwhile, compared to other contents of Re and Ru, when Re and Ru with the content of about 1.4% are used to replace Al, the substitution formation energy is the lowest. Furthermore, two different stacking fault modes are obtained by deleting a layer of atoms in the Ni-Al binary model. Research on these two stacking fault modes indicates that replacing Al with Re and Ru can improve the stability of the systems, and systems containing Re are more stable, which have lower substitution formation energy compared to replacing Al with Ru. However, for different stacking fault modes, when replacing Al with Re and Ru, the content of Re and Ru is different for the best of a stable system and the lowest of substitution formation energy and stacking fault energy. Replacing Al with Re results in a better stability in stacking fault systems, but the content of Re in the most stable system depends on the selected stacking fault mode.

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采用第一性原理计算,研究了掺杂元素(Re,Ru)含量对Ni-Al二元模型单晶高温合金稳定性和占位倾向的影响。结果表明,随着Re和Ru元素含量的增加,体系的总能量逐渐降低,说明体系的稳定性得到了提高。同时,使用Ru替换Ni的体系的稳定性最低,Re替换Al的体系的稳定性最好,Re和Ru均更倾向于替换Al,这与之前的实验结果一致。并且当Re和Ru元素含量占比约为1.4%替换Al时,替换形成能相较于其他含量的Re和Ru是最低的。此外,通过去除Ni-Al二元模型中的一层原子,获得了2种不同的层错模式。对于这2种层错模式的研究表明,用Re和Ru替换Al可以使体系的稳定性得到提高,且含Re的体系更稳定,替换形成能也比Ru替换Al更低。然而,对于不同的层错模式,使用Re和Ru替换Al,当体系稳定性最好,替换形成能以及层错能最低时,所需Re和Ru的含量不相同。使用Re替换Al,层错体系具有更好的稳定性,但稳定性最好的体系中Re的含量取决于所选择的层错模式。

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吴文平,教授。E-mial:
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Surface science, 2008, 602(14): 2604-2609., articleTitle=Density functional theory study of Ni/Ni3 Al interface alloying with Re and Ru, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1244340222717178633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205130461528, awardId=12172259, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(12172259), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1244340213863002613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205130461528, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244340213871391222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205130461528, companyId=1244340213863002613, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244340213875585527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205130461528, companyId=1244340213863002613, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=武汉大学土木建筑工程学院工程力学系,430072 武汉)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1244340218858418796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205130461528, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Ni-Al binary model nickel-based single-crystal superalloy, figureFileSmall=PwjkUhpF9/Ba7mAFgxBL4A==, figureFileBig=90xI5iV5j051a+EFv3l0FQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340218980053621, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205130461528, language=CN, label=图1, caption=Ni-Al二元模型镍基单晶高温合金

注:蓝色原子是Al,灰色原子是Ni。

, figureFileSmall=PwjkUhpF9/Ba7mAFgxBL4A==, figureFileBig=90xI5iV5j051a+EFv3l0FQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340219235906178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205130461528, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=The number of Ni atoms replaced by Re or Ru in the Ni-Al binary model, figureFileSmall=c5zK9fif9n/urRf4LaE7dg==, figureFileBig=zQtxrHpu5hdDdyyeaOCohw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340219336569480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205130461528, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Re或Ru替换Ni-Al二元模型中Ni原子的个数

注:(a)~(f)分别表示Re或Ru替换Ni原子的个数从1个到6个。

, figureFileSmall=c5zK9fif9n/urRf4LaE7dg==, figureFileBig=zQtxrHpu5hdDdyyeaOCohw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340219428844173, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205130461528, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=The number of Al atoms replaced by Re or Ru in the Ni-Al binary model, figureFileSmall=hHI50kMR1fpppfDnGnh2lg==, figureFileBig=B3KZHBU93QcK286uWY3byA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340219542090387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340205130461528, language=CN, label=图3, caption=Re或Ru替换Ni-Al二元模型中Al原子的个数

注:(a)~(f)分别表示Re或Ru替换Al原子的个数从1个到6个。

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第一性原理研究Re和Ru掺杂含量对Ni-Al二元模型镍基单晶高温合金稳定性的影响
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彭知非 , 吴文平
应用力学学报 | 固体力学 2025,42(6): 1301-1308
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应用力学学报 | 固体力学 2025, 42(6): 1301-1308
第一性原理研究Re和Ru掺杂含量对Ni-Al二元模型镍基单晶高温合金稳定性的影响
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彭知非, 吴文平
作者信息
  • 武汉大学土木建筑工程学院工程力学系,430072 武汉

通讯作者:

吴文平,教授。E-mial:
First-principles study on the effects of Re and Ru doping content on the stability of a Ni-Al binary model nickel-based single-crystal superalloy
Zhifei PENG, Wenping WU
Affiliations
  • Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, 430072 Wuhan, China
出版时间: 2025-12-15 doi: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.010
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采用第一性原理计算,研究了掺杂元素(Re,Ru)含量对Ni-Al二元模型单晶高温合金稳定性和占位倾向的影响。结果表明,随着Re和Ru元素含量的增加,体系的总能量逐渐降低,说明体系的稳定性得到了提高。同时,使用Ru替换Ni的体系的稳定性最低,Re替换Al的体系的稳定性最好,Re和Ru均更倾向于替换Al,这与之前的实验结果一致。并且当Re和Ru元素含量占比约为1.4%替换Al时,替换形成能相较于其他含量的Re和Ru是最低的。此外,通过去除Ni-Al二元模型中的一层原子,获得了2种不同的层错模式。对于这2种层错模式的研究表明,用Re和Ru替换Al可以使体系的稳定性得到提高,且含Re的体系更稳定,替换形成能也比Ru替换Al更低。然而,对于不同的层错模式,使用Re和Ru替换Al,当体系稳定性最好,替换形成能以及层错能最低时,所需Re和Ru的含量不相同。使用Re替换Al,层错体系具有更好的稳定性,但稳定性最好的体系中Re的含量取决于所选择的层错模式。

Ni-Al二元模型  /  第一性原理计算  /  Re和Ru元素  /  稳定性  /  层错模式

In this paper, the effects of doping elements(Re and Ru)content on the stability and occupancy orientation of a Ni-Al binary model nickel-based single-crystal superalloy are studied by using first-principles calculations. The results show that the total energy of the system decreases gradually with the increase of the content of Re and Ru elements, which suggests that the stability of the system is improved. The system using Ru to replace Ni has the lowest stability, while the stability of system is the best by using Re to replace Al. Therefore, Re and Ru are more inclined to replace Al, which is consistent with the previous experimental results. Meanwhile, compared to other contents of Re and Ru, when Re and Ru with the content of about 1.4% are used to replace Al, the substitution formation energy is the lowest. Furthermore, two different stacking fault modes are obtained by deleting a layer of atoms in the Ni-Al binary model. Research on these two stacking fault modes indicates that replacing Al with Re and Ru can improve the stability of the systems, and systems containing Re are more stable, which have lower substitution formation energy compared to replacing Al with Ru. However, for different stacking fault modes, when replacing Al with Re and Ru, the content of Re and Ru is different for the best of a stable system and the lowest of substitution formation energy and stacking fault energy. Replacing Al with Re results in a better stability in stacking fault systems, but the content of Re in the most stable system depends on the selected stacking fault mode.

Ni-Al binary model  /  first-principles calculation  /  Re and Ru elements  /  stability  /  stacking fault mode
彭知非, 吴文平. 第一性原理研究Re和Ru掺杂含量对Ni-Al二元模型镍基单晶高温合金稳定性的影响. 应用力学学报, 2025 , 42 (6) : 1301 -1308 . DOI: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.010
Zhifei PENG, Wenping WU. First-principles study on the effects of Re and Ru doping content on the stability of a Ni-Al binary model nickel-based single-crystal superalloy[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2025 , 42 (6) : 1301 -1308 . DOI: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.010
镍基单晶高温合金因其优异的高温力学性能而广泛应用于工业燃气轮机和航空发动机叶片的高温热端部件材料[1-2]。镍基单晶高温合金的微观结构由γ基体相Ni(FCC结构)和γ′沉淀相Ni3Al(L12结构)组成。为了进一步提高镍基单晶高温合金的高温力学性能,通常将诸如Re、Ru、Co、Hf、Ti、Ta、W、Mo、Nb、Cr等难熔元素掺杂到高温合金中[3-4]。在这些元素中,Re元素对高温合金的力学性能具有显著影响,在镍基单晶高温合金中添加Re可以形成大的晶格畸变,从而产生长程应力场,进而阻碍位错的滑移和攀升,提高基体相的机械强度[5]。此外,Re元素可以通过增加γ/γ′相的错配度来提高γ′相强化效果,并有效降低γ′相的粗化程度,延缓γ基体通道厚度的增加[6-8]。除了合金元素Re,难熔元素Mo和W可以提高镍基单晶高温合金的蠕变断裂强度[9-10]。然而,添加Re、Mo、W和Co等难熔元素会使高温合金易于生成拓扑密排相(topologically close packed,TCP),但合金元素Ru可以有效抑制TCP相在合金中的沉淀,提高高温合金的结构稳定性,进而改善高温合金的整体力学性能[11-12]。上述研究表明,研究掺杂元素Re和Ru的含量对探索镍基单晶高温合金的晶格畸变,γ/γ′相的错配度,TCP相的析出机制以及稳定性等方面具有重要意义。
基于实验的掺杂元素研究不仅需要严格的实验条件和高昂的材料成本,而且要精确控制一系列掺杂元素的含量,也会存在一些困难[13]。与实验方法相比,理论模拟具有成本低、速度快、效率高等优点,可以在更微观的尺度上有效地研究难熔元素掺杂行为背后的物理机制[14]。近年来,第一性原理计算已成为研究掺杂元素对高温合金物理力学性能影响的有力工具。例如,JIANG等[15-16]通过第一性原理计算对合金元素的占位倾向进行了一系列研究,并给出了判断Ni3Al中合金元素占位倾向的标准,发现Pt、Pd和Au元素具有很强的占据Ni位点的倾向。ZHOU等[17]发现Re倾向于占据Ni3Al中Al元素的位置,YU等[18]通过实验进一步证实了这一结果。MITROKHIN等[19]研究了Ni3Al中Co和Nb元素的占位倾向,通过第一性原理计算,发现Nb倾向于占据Al元素的位置,这与X射线电子光谱的实验结果一致。RUAN等[20]通过第一原理计算,发现Nb和Ti倾向于占据Al元素的位置。上述研究主要通过第一性原理计算了镍基单晶高温合金中掺杂元素的占位倾向。此外,掺杂元素对镍基单晶高温合金层错的影响也非常显著。LI等[21]发现,当Co和Ru元素掺杂到断层面时,γ′相Ni3Al的层错能会降低,而Cr、Mo、Ta和W则会增加体系的层错能。SHANG等[22]研究了26种合金元素,并通过第一原理计算证明这些掺杂元素全部降低了镍基单晶高温合金中γ相的稳定层错能。YU等[23]研究了掺杂元素Re、Ta、W、Ru和Ti对Ni3Al广义层错能的影响,发现Re元素可以更有效地增加(111)平面上的广义层错能。这些关于掺杂元素对镍基单晶高温合金占位倾向和层错能影响的研究侧重于分析替换单个原子对高温合金稳定性的影响。然而,掺杂元素如Re和Ru含量的变化对镍基单晶高温合金的稳定性的影响很大程度上是推测性的,缺乏定量的计算分析,并且掺杂多少含量的Re和Ru元素可以获得镍基单晶高温合金的最佳稳定性和力学性能尚不清楚。
本研究建立了Ni-Al二元模型镍基单晶高温合金和基于此模型的两种不同层错模式,并通过第一性原理计算了Ni-Al二元模型镍基单晶高温合金在替换不同原子个数的Re和Ru时,体系能量的变化趋势,以研究不同含量的Re和Ru元素对镍基单晶高温合金稳定性和占位倾向及层错模式的影响,并探讨Ni-Al二元模型镍基单晶高温合金有最佳稳定性时Re和Ru元素的含量。
Ni-Al二元模型镍基单晶高温合金由144个原子组成,包括γ相Ni以及γ′相Ni3Al,其中Ni和Ni3Al的晶格常数分别为3.508 Å和3.563 Å,这是通过体系的自洽计算获得的,数据与文献[24-25]的结果相似。该模型的上层是γ′相Ni3Al,下层是γ相Ni,每层由72个原子组成,这些原子是对L12结构的Ni3Al和FCC结构的Ni进行单胞扩展而获得的。真空层被添加到上层和下层,以抵消模型在Z轴方向上的周期性影响,如图1所示。
模型总能量的计算基于密度泛函理论(DFT),计算软件采用VASP(Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package)[26-27]。在广义梯度近似(generalized gradient approximation,GGA)的条件下,选用Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof(PBE)交换关联势与投影增强波法(PAW)研究原子与电子的优化[28-29]。计算中,平面波截断能选取400 eV,电子自洽迭代收敛精度取10-5eV,原子弛豫至赫尔曼-费曼力小于0.01 eV/Å[30-31]。布里渊区的K点是通过使用Gamma参数自动生成的,在自洽计算中,取值为5×5×2。
在保持Ni-Al二元模型原子总数不变的条件下,将不同原子个数的Re与Ru原子分别替换上层Ni3Al中Ni的位置和Al的位置,得到含有不同掺杂元素Re或Ru含量的Ni-Al-Re/Ru掺杂模型,其模型分别如图2图3所示。
在以上Ni-Al二元模型的基础上,通过去除一层原子来构建相应的层错模式。层错模式分为A与B两种:层错模式A通过在Ni-Al二元模型的XZ平面方向上去除一层Ni原子而获得,去除的这一层Ni原子用红色框a标记,层错贯穿了γ′γ相,如图4(a)所示。层错模式B通过在Ni-Al二元模型的XY平面方向上去除一层Ni原子而获得,去除的这层Ni原子用红色框b标记,层错仅在γ′相产生,如图4(b)所示。
为了研究掺杂元素含量对Ni-Al二元模型镍基单晶高温合金稳定性的影响,将模型中γ′相的Ni和Al替换为不同数量的Re或Ru,以获得不同含量的掺杂元素模型。此外,为了分析不同掺杂元素含量的占位倾向以及体系的稳定性,计算了体系的总能量和替换形成能。替换形成能(γSFE)的定义如下[32-33]
式中:X代表掺杂元素(Re,Ru);M代表被替换的元素(Ni,Al);n表示被替换的原子个数;EX表示替换掺杂原子个数为n后体系的总能量;μM代表单个被替换原子的化学势(μNi取自FCC-Ni,);E0代表尚未替换难熔元素体系的总能量;μX代表单个掺杂原子的化学势(分别取自HCP-Re与HCP-Ru)。
如第1.2节所示,构建了2个层错模式(A和B),层错能(γSF)的定义为[34-35]
式中:ESF是有层错的体系的总能量;E0是未发生层错的体系的总能量;ΔS是层错区域的面积。
考虑到掺杂元素仅对层错区域及其相邻区域有很大影响,对远离层错的区域影响很小[36],因此,在本研究的模型中,掺杂元素分布在层错区域和其相邻的区域。
Ni-Al二元模型镍基单晶高温合金体系总能量和替换形成能的计算结果分别如图5图6所示。
图5可以看出,体系的总能量随着掺杂元素含量的增加而降低,这意味着随着Re元素和Ru元素含量的增加,体系的稳定性逐渐提高。此外,Re替换Al的体系总能量最低,这表明该体系的稳定性最好;而Ru替换Ni的体系总能量最高,因此该体系的稳定性最差。
图6所示,不同体系的替换形成能从高到低的顺序为:Re替换Ni的体系>Ru替换Ni的体系>Ru替换Al的体系>Re替换Al的体系。无论掺杂元素(Re、Ru)的类型和含量如何,当掺杂元素替换Al时,体系的替换形成能低于这些元素替换Ni的替换形成能,这意味着Re元素与Ru元素更容易替换γ′沉淀相Ni3Al中的Al的位置。该结论与ZHOU等[17]采用原子探针层析成像(APT)的实验结果以及ZHU等[37]的第一性原理计算结果一致。另一方面,从图6可以看出,当Re含量约为1.4%时,体系的替换形成能最低,也就是说,当Re的含量约为1.4%时,Re的替换作用最强,最容易替换Al位点。
根据第2.1节中的替换形成能的分析可以看出,Re和Ru元素倾向于替换Al原子的位置,因此层错模式仅考虑掺杂元素Re和Ru替换Al的情况,计算了不同层错模式的层错能,以揭示掺杂元素含量对不同层错模式稳定性的影响。
层错模式A是通过在Ni-Al二元模型的XZ平面方向上去除一层Ni原子而获得的,如图4(a)所示。图7~图9分别显示了层错模式A的总能量、替换形成能和层错能随Re元素和Ru元素含量变化而变化的趋势。
图7可知,总能量的变化趋势与Ni-Al二元模型相似,随着掺杂元素含量的增加,体系的总能量逐渐降低,这意味着体系的稳定性随着Re元素与Ru元素含量的增加而提高。不论掺杂元素的含量是多少,含Re体系的稳定性都优于含Ru体系。
图8显示了层错模式A替换形成能的变化趋势,当掺杂元素的含量为0~1.4%时,体系的替换形成能基本保持稳定。当Re或Ru的含量大于1.4%时,体系的替换形成能迅速降低。当Re含量约为2.1%时,Re替换Al的体系的替换形成能最低;当Ru含量约为2.8%时,Ru替换Al的体系的替换形成能最低。随着掺杂元素含量的继续增加,含Re和含Ru体系的替换形成能再次逐渐增加。这表明,当Re的含量约为2.1%而Ru的含量约2.8%时,体系更容易实现掺杂行为,如果Re、Ru的含量大于这些值时,掺杂行为逐渐变得困难。
图9显示了掺杂元素含量的变化对层错模式A的层错能的影响。
图9可知,当掺杂元素含量低于1.4%时,掺杂元素含量的增加可以略微提高体系的层错能,这一点能够从以往的研究结果中得到验证[38]。对于含Re的体系,当Re含量大于2.1%时,体系的层错能降低;而对于含Ru的体系,当Ru含量大于2.8%时,体系的层错能降低。这表明,当掺杂元素Ru的含量达到一定值时,可以降低体系的层错能,这与LI等[21]的研究结论一致。此外,如果Re的含量继续增加,含Re体系的层错能基本没有变化,当Ru的含量继续升高时,含Ru体系的层错能也基本保持不变。因此,结合掺杂元素含量的变化对总能量、替换形成能和层错能的影响,可以得出,当Re含量约为2.1%,Ru含量约为2.8%时,各自体系易于发生掺杂现象,体系的层错能也将基本达到最低值。
层错模式B是在Ni-Al二元模型的XY平面方向上去除一层Ni原子而获得的,如图4(b)所示。图10~图12分别显示了层错模式B的总能量、替换形成能和层错能随Re元素和Ru元素含量变化而变化的趋势。
图10可知,对于层错模式B,难熔元素的掺杂降低了体系的总能量,从而提高了体系的稳定性。对于Re替换Al的体系,随着掺杂元素含量的增加,体系的总能量逐渐降低,当Re含量约为3.5%时,体系的总能量接近最低值。类似地,对于Ru替换Al的体系,当Ru的含量约为3.5%时,体系的总能量达到最低值,然后总能随着Ru含量的继续增加而略微增加,也就是说,当Ru含量约为3.5%时,Ru替换Al的体系是最稳定的。将Re替换Al的体系与用Ru替换Al的体系相比较,可知当Re或Ru的含量约为3.5%时,用Re替换Al的体系总能量低于用Ru替换Al的体系,此时体系也是最稳定的。
至于掺杂元素含量的变化导致的掺杂难易程度的影响,由图11可知,随着体系中掺杂元素(Re、Ru)含量的增加,体系的替换形成能也逐渐增加。因此,对于层错模型B,虽然掺杂元素含量的增加可以提高体系的稳定性,但难熔元素的掺杂难度也变得越来越高。
此外,由图12可知,掺杂元素Re和Ru都可以降低体系的层错能。对于用Re替换Al的体系,当Re含量从0上升至1.4%左右时,层错能迅速降低。当Re含量约为1.4%~3.5%时,层错能基本上保持不变。而当Re含量大于3.5%后,继续增加Re的含量将会使体系的层错能重新升高。对于层错能的变化,Ru替换Al的体系的变化趋势与Re替换Al的体系相似。在一定的掺杂元素含量的范围内将Ru掺杂到体系中可以降低体系的层错能,这一结论同以往研究者的结论[2139]一致。值得说明的是,我们还进一步研究发现,当Ru元素含量约为3.5%时,体系的层错能最低,但当掺杂元素的含量大于3.5%时,体系的层错能会再次升高。这表明掺杂元素(Re和Ru)可以降低层错能,并且当掺杂元素的含量约为3.5%时,存在最低的层错能。此外,从图12可以看出,当掺杂元素含量小于3%时,Re替换Al的体系的层错能总是低于Ru替换Al的体系。结合图10图11中体系的总能量和替换形成能的分析,可以更加确定Re替换Al的体系是最稳定的。
本研究采用第一性原理计算,研究了Ni-Al二元模型镍基单晶高温合金的稳定性和掺杂元素的占位倾向。建立了Ni-Al二元模型和基于此模型的两种不同的层错模式。计算了不同Re和Ru元素含量对Ni-Al二元模型镍基单晶高温合金的稳定性、占位倾向以及层错的影响。主要结论如下。
1)基于对Ni-Al二元模型镍基单晶高温合金的第一性原理计算,发现掺杂Re和Ru元素可以提高体系的稳定性。掺杂元素Re和Ru替换Ni-Al二元模型中Al原子比替换Ni原子的体系更稳定,而且使用Re替换Al的体系稳定性最好。当Re和Ru元素的含量约为1.4%时,体系的替换形成能相对较低,且更容易替换Al原子。
2)基于去除Ni-Al二元模型中一层原子获得两种不同层错模式的分析,发现随着Re和Ru元素含量的增加,体系的总能量逐渐降低,稳定性得到提高。同时,相较于用Ru替换Al原子,使用Re替换Al原子可以使体系的稳定性更好,替换形成能更低。但体系稳定性最好、替换形成能和层错能最低时所对应的Re含量取决于所选择的层错模式。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(12172259)
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2025年第42卷第6期
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doi: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.010
  • 接收时间:2023-07-04
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-12-15
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-04
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国家自然科学基金资助项目(12172259)
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    武汉大学土木建筑工程学院工程力学系,430072 武汉

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吴文平,教授。E-mial:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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