Article(id=1244340204262245303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753027200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774603423419, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1765728000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774603423419, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774603423419, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603423419, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244340201636610993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, year='2025', volume='42', issue='6', pageStart='1207', pageEnd='1446', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774603422792, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603751062, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244341578555306992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244341578555306993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1429, endPage=1438, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244340205029802949, articleId=1244340204262245303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, language=EN, title=Analysis of plantar pressure characteristics of flat-footed amateur runners running on different sports surfaces, columnId=1244340204681675708, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, columnName=Biomechanics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the plantar pressure characteristics of flat-footed amateur runners when running on different sports surfaces.

Methods

We selected 15 individuals using the foot print method and Novel emed ® Amateur runners with flat feet diagnosed by 3D foot scanning(arch index≥0.6)and 15 normal foot controls. Using the Pedar-X 1.0 plantar pressure testing system, the maximum plantar pressure, contact area, peak pressure, pressure time integral, and total force impulse were synchronously collected while the subjects completed multiple straight-line running tests on three surfaces at a self-paced speed(4-6 m/s). The differences between the groups were compared through repeated measurement variance analysis.

Results

The pressure in the heel area(M3)and midfoot area(M2)of the flat-foot group was significantly higher than that of normal feet(P<0.05), and the pressure in the anterior lateral area(T3)was significantly lower than that of normal feet(P<0.05). The contact area of the entire sole of flat feet was larger than that of normal feet(P<0.05), with the most significant difference in the midfoot area(M2)(P<0.01). The difference in elastic surface was slightly reduced but still significant. The normal foot in the forefoot area(T1-T3)was significantly higher than that in the flat foot area(P<0.05), and the pressure on the flat foot in the middle area(M2)of the plastic track was nearly 4 times higher than that of the normal foot(P<0.01). The pressure time integral and total impulse of flat foot M2 were significantly higher than those of normal foot(P<0.01), while the anterior lateral area(T3)was significantly lower than that of normal foot(P<0.05).

Conclusion

When running with flat feet, the plantar pressure shows the characteristics of“overload in the midfoot area and insufficient force on the anterior lateral side”. The hard ground intensifies the instantaneous impact, and the elastic surface amplifies the accumulated load. It is suggested that flat-footed runners prioritize choosing a moderately elastic surface and pairing it with arch support equipment to reduce the risk of injury.

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目的

探究扁平足业余跑步爱好者在不同运动表面跑步时的足底压力特征。

方法

选取15名经足印法和Novel emed ® 3D足底扫描仪确诊的扁平足业余跑者(足弓指数≥0.6)及15名正常足对照者,使用Pedar-X 1.0足底压力测试系统,在受试者以自配速(4~6 m/s)于3种运动表面完成多次直线跑步测试时,同步采集最大足底压力、接触面积、峰值压强、压力-时间积分及总力冲量,通过重复测量方差分析比较组间差异。

结果

扁平足组的足跟区(M3)和足中区(M2)压力显著高于正常足(P<0.05),前外侧区(T3)压力显著低于正常足(P<0.05)。扁平足全足底接触面积均大于正常足(P<0.05),足中区(M2)差异最显著(P<0.01),弹性表面差异略缩小但仍显著。前足区(T1~T3)正常足显著高于扁平足(P<0.05),塑胶跑道足中区(M2)扁平足压强反超正常足近4倍(P<0.01)。扁平足足中区(M2)的压力-时间积分与总力冲量均显著高于正常足(P<0.01),前外侧区(T3)则显著低于正常足(P<0.05)。

结论

扁平足跑步时足底压力呈现“足中区过载、前外侧发力不足”的特征,硬地面加剧瞬时冲击,弹性表面放大负荷累积。建议扁平足跑者优先选择中等弹性表面,搭配足弓支撑装备以降低损伤风险。

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彭国芳。E-mail:
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Strength and conditioning journal, 2014, 36(5): 103-112., articleTitle=Lower extremity stiffness: effects on performance and injury and implications for training, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1244340231709770526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=35, issue=6, pageStart=34, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=37, authorNames=梅齐昌, 顾耀东, 李建设, journalName=体育科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=梅齐昌,顾耀东,李建设.基于足部形态特征的跑步生物力学分析[J].体育科学201535(6):34−40., articleTitle=基于足部形态特征的跑步生物力学分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1244340231856571179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=35, issue=6, pageStart=34, pageEnd=40, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=38, authorNames=MEI Qichang, GU Yaodong, LI Jianshe, journalName=China sport science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MEI Qichang, GU Yaodong, LI Jianshe. A biomechanical analysis of running based on the foot morphological characteristics[J]. China sport science, 2015, 35(6): 34-40(in Chinese)., articleTitle=A biomechanical analysis of running based on the foot morphological characteristics, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1244340232011760441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=21, issue=13, pageStart=4437, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=39, authorNames=KEATSAMARN T, VISITSATTAPONGSE S, AOYAMA H, journalName=Sensors, refType=null, unstructuredReference=KEATSAMARN T, VISITSATTAPONGSE S, AOYAMA H, et al. Optical-based foot plantar pressure measurement system for potential application in human postural control measurement and person identification [J]. 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Agricultural&Forestry University, 311300 Hangzhou, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244340214018195591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, companyId=1244340214001418372, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.浙江农林大学体育军训部,311300 杭州)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1244340219344961825, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Foot pressure measurement system, figureFileSmall=ihsSkh0ee1dYF85h+jRYgw==, figureFileBig=mYcrogSms6rup9IOHsj8OA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340219437236519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=CN, label=图1, caption=足底压力测量系统, figureFileSmall=ihsSkh0ee1dYF85h+jRYgw==, figureFileBig=mYcrogSms6rup9IOHsj8OA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340221148512570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic diagram of Mark reflection spot paste position, figureFileSmall=oZXGMPyTK790016So8YVXA==, figureFileBig=ti3nmcu7z5+Ue3h9yfzTRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340221228204354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Mark反光点粘贴位置示意图, figureFileSmall=oZXGMPyTK790016So8YVXA==, figureFileBig=ti3nmcu7z5+Ue3h9yfzTRA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340221320479049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Test site of plantar scanner, figureFileSmall=Y4w58UoxkqFKcsn1iQMvvQ==, figureFileBig=/x/jjQWEoXA9wukP58F/yA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340221525999952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=CN, label=图3, caption=足底扫描仪的测试现场, figureFileSmall=Y4w58UoxkqFKcsn1iQMvvQ==, figureFileBig=/x/jjQWEoXA9wukP58F/yA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340221609886037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Outdoor sports field testing area, figureFileSmall=G5pCx9E6/UheR6LHLh6hEQ==, figureFileBig=17HYTT//GGYuAaa4zfqs8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340221706355039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=CN, label=图4, caption=室外运动场测试区域, figureFileSmall=G5pCx9E6/UheR6LHLh6hEQ==, figureFileBig=17HYTT//GGYuAaa4zfqs8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340221790241127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Distribution of left foot sole area, figureFileSmall=xareewOhvYuMTbzJll7Mwg==, figureFileBig=L7bQ+i/GFOWZJN02CQdDvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340221874127216, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=CN, label=图5, caption=左足足底区域分布, figureFileSmall=xareewOhvYuMTbzJll7Mwg==, figureFileBig=L7bQ+i/GFOWZJN02CQdDvw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244340221962207607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=EN, label=Tab.1, caption=

Basic information of the subjects

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别人数/个年龄/岁身高/cm体质量/kg身体质量指数/(kg•m-2
扁平足组1526.48±3.71175.16±3.1265.26±4.1123.27±3.62
正常足组1527.22±2.03176.08±2.4366.57±3.2123.49±3.07
), ArticleFig(id=1244340222054482300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

受试者基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别人数/个年龄/岁身高/cm体质量/kg身体质量指数/(kg•m-2
扁平足组1526.48±3.71175.16±3.1265.26±4.1123.27±3.62
正常足组1527.22±2.03176.08±2.4366.57±3.2123.49±3.07
), ArticleFig(id=1244340222146756996, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=EN, label=Tab.2, caption=

Comparison of maximum plantar pressure in the plantar area during running on different sports surfaces(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域水泥地人工草地塑胶跑道
正常足组足底压力/kPa扁平足组足底压力/kPaFP正常足组足底压力/kPa扁平足组足底压力/kPaFP正常足组足底压力/kPa扁平足组足底压力/kPaFP
T187.52±3.1679.73±4.325.7820.04567.18±7.2655.38±4.065.650.04771.61±9.2366.98±8.024.3240.028
T2110.06±8.33103.52±7.831.3340.12171.22±8.0365.56±7.191.1350.21381.75±8.7878.42±9.690.7670.315
T3122.75±10.7683.62±8.086.4210.02893.67±5.5876.08±5.454.2210.045108.77±9.4888.42±6.388.6580.027
M252.84±3.72153.62±11.28∗∗28.562<0.00143.66±5.58125.09±22.13∗∗42.362<0.001188.18±14.81225.17±13.324.1330.025
M3213.76±13.35256.63±17.256.1210.043187.44±10.32227.08±21.187.7110.031167.13±14.25208.46±20.086.3320.043
), ArticleFig(id=1244340222301946257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同运动表面跑步时足底区域最大足底压力比较(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域水泥地人工草地塑胶跑道
正常足组足底压力/kPa扁平足组足底压力/kPaFP正常足组足底压力/kPa扁平足组足底压力/kPaFP正常足组足底压力/kPa扁平足组足底压力/kPaFP
T187.52±3.1679.73±4.325.7820.04567.18±7.2655.38±4.065.650.04771.61±9.2366.98±8.024.3240.028
T2110.06±8.33103.52±7.831.3340.12171.22±8.0365.56±7.191.1350.21381.75±8.7878.42±9.690.7670.315
T3122.75±10.7683.62±8.086.4210.02893.67±5.5876.08±5.454.2210.045108.77±9.4888.42±6.388.6580.027
M252.84±3.72153.62±11.28∗∗28.562<0.00143.66±5.58125.09±22.13∗∗42.362<0.001188.18±14.81225.17±13.324.1330.025
M3213.76±13.35256.63±17.256.1210.043187.44±10.32227.08±21.187.7110.031167.13±14.25208.46±20.086.3320.043
), ArticleFig(id=1244340222406803866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=EN, label=Tab.3, caption=

Comparison of plantar contact area during running on different sports surfaces(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

水泥地人工草地塑胶跑道
正常足组足底接触面积/cm2扁平足组足底接触面积/cm2FP正常足组足底接触面积/cm2扁平足组足底接触面积/cm2FP正常足组足底接触面积/cm2扁平足组足底接触面积/cm2FP
T122.65±3.8231.08±7.623.2880.04133.52±7.3838.68±3.544.4420.03630.33±5.0635.78±6.323.2210.038
T230.13±7.9838.85±3.724.1210.03635.13±8.7442.35±4.136.8640.02833.76±4.2343.75±3.313.7570.042
T318.62±5.7821.14±2.527.6520.02422.92±5.1127.26±4.743.6260.04019.26±4.3328.16±5.787.4450.035
M212.12±3.4548.17±8.85∗∗33.1650.00814.65±2.4241.11±3.12∗∗28.6220.00611.74±3.2933.03±1.27∗∗32.8520.003
M342.73±2.5552.12±3.455.2510.03446.13±2.7356.73±3.188.6520.01341.32±2.7755.13±1.298.3320.037
), ArticleFig(id=1244340222499078565, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同运动表面跑步时足底接触面积比较(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

水泥地人工草地塑胶跑道
正常足组足底接触面积/cm2扁平足组足底接触面积/cm2FP正常足组足底接触面积/cm2扁平足组足底接触面积/cm2FP正常足组足底接触面积/cm2扁平足组足底接触面积/cm2FP
T122.65±3.8231.08±7.623.2880.04133.52±7.3838.68±3.544.4420.03630.33±5.0635.78±6.323.2210.038
T230.13±7.9838.85±3.724.1210.03635.13±8.7442.35±4.136.8640.02833.76±4.2343.75±3.313.7570.042
T318.62±5.7821.14±2.527.6520.02422.92±5.1127.26±4.743.6260.04019.26±4.3328.16±5.787.4450.035
M212.12±3.4548.17±8.85∗∗33.1650.00814.65±2.4241.11±3.12∗∗28.6220.00611.74±3.2933.03±1.27∗∗32.8520.003
M342.73±2.5552.12±3.455.2510.03446.13±2.7356.73±3.188.6520.01341.32±2.7755.13±1.298.3320.037
), ArticleFig(id=1244340222633296303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=EN, label=Tab.4, caption=

Comparison of peak pressure in plantar zone during running on different sports surfaces(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

水泥地人工草地塑胶跑道
正常足组压强峰值/W•cm-2扁平足组压强峰值/W•cm-2FP正常足组压强峰值/W•cm-2扁平足组压强峰值/W•cm-2FP正常足组压强峰值/W•cm-2扁平足组压强峰值/W•cm-2FP
T138.64±6.8925.65±3.124.6520.03420.04±3.2114.32±2.115.6650.03823.61±4.5218.72±3.2510.3230.015
T236.53±4.8726.65±4.328.4650.01320.28±3.7815.47±3.2311.3260.02824.22±3.1218.53±4.115.3680.032
T366.03±8.9239.55±5.215.3240.03240.87±4.1227.91±4.326.3350.04156.47±7.1131.39±3.224.6590.033
M243.60±4.1236.43±5.113.1280.04529.79±4.3227.73±6.180.6540.37216.02±2.8964.28±5.36∗∗38.6520.008
M350.02±3.1149.23±4.561.8520.36440.63±3.2540.02±5.110.8230.25240.45±4.7837.81±3.291.3690.131
), ArticleFig(id=1244340222717182392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同运动表面跑步时足底分区压强峰值比较(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

水泥地人工草地塑胶跑道
正常足组压强峰值/W•cm-2扁平足组压强峰值/W•cm-2FP正常足组压强峰值/W•cm-2扁平足组压强峰值/W•cm-2FP正常足组压强峰值/W•cm-2扁平足组压强峰值/W•cm-2FP
T138.64±6.8925.65±3.124.6520.03420.04±3.2114.32±2.115.6650.03823.61±4.5218.72±3.2510.3230.015
T236.53±4.8726.65±4.328.4650.01320.28±3.7815.47±3.2311.3260.02824.22±3.1218.53±4.115.3680.032
T366.03±8.9239.55±5.215.3240.03240.87±4.1227.91±4.326.3350.04156.47±7.1131.39±3.224.6590.033
M243.60±4.1236.43±5.113.1280.04529.79±4.3227.73±6.180.6540.37216.02±2.8964.28±5.36∗∗38.6520.008
M350.02±3.1149.23±4.561.8520.36440.63±3.2540.02±5.110.8230.25240.45±4.7837.81±3.291.3690.131
), ArticleFig(id=1244340222830428608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=EN, label=Tab.5, caption=

Comparison of plantar pressure-time integral for running on different sports surfaces(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域水泥地人工草地塑胶跑道
正常足组足底压力-时间积分(N•S•cm-2扁平足组足底压力-时间积分(N•S•cm-2FP正常足组足底压力-时间积分(N•S•cm-2扁平足组足底压力-时间积分(N•S•cm-2FP正常足组足底压力-时间积分(N•S•cm-2扁平足组足底压力-时间积分(N•S•cm-2FP
T13.86±0.832.57±1.021.2020.3122.12±0.541.43±0.361.3080.4132.36±0.561.81±0.080.8820.152
T23.65±1.112.67±0.881.8430.0752.03±0.861.55±0.182.2120.0832.42±0.471.62±0.190.7170.139
T36.60±2.323.93±0.753.2440.0254.09±0.282.79±0.494.6580.0435.65±1.023.14±0.144.5560.038
M28.36±0.683.82±0.14∗∗85.623<0.0016.98±0.932.73±0.06∗∗79.036<0.00111.72±0.513.07±0.25∗∗92.363<0.001
M35.01±0.374.92±0.420.8530.3364.36±0.374.10±0.240.9340.4124.38±0.373.78±0.451.3360.753
), ArticleFig(id=1244340222914314694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同运动表面跑步时足底压力-时间积分比较(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域水泥地人工草地塑胶跑道
正常足组足底压力-时间积分(N•S•cm-2扁平足组足底压力-时间积分(N•S•cm-2FP正常足组足底压力-时间积分(N•S•cm-2扁平足组足底压力-时间积分(N•S•cm-2FP正常足组足底压力-时间积分(N•S•cm-2扁平足组足底压力-时间积分(N•S•cm-2FP
T13.86±0.832.57±1.021.2020.3122.12±0.541.43±0.361.3080.4132.36±0.561.81±0.080.8820.152
T23.65±1.112.67±0.881.8430.0752.03±0.861.55±0.182.2120.0832.42±0.471.62±0.190.7170.139
T36.60±2.323.93±0.753.2440.0254.09±0.282.79±0.494.6580.0435.65±1.023.14±0.144.5560.038
M28.36±0.683.82±0.14∗∗85.623<0.0016.98±0.932.73±0.06∗∗79.036<0.00111.72±0.513.07±0.25∗∗92.363<0.001
M35.01±0.374.92±0.420.8530.3364.36±0.374.10±0.240.9340.4124.38±0.373.78±0.451.3360.753
), ArticleFig(id=1244340223019172304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=EN, label=Tab.6, caption=

Comparison of total force impulse in plantar zone during running on different sports surfaces(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域水泥地人工草地塑胶跑道
正常足组总力冲量/(N•s)扁平足组总力冲量/(N•s)FP正常足组总力冲量/(N•s)扁平足组总力冲量/(N•s)FP正常足组总力冲量/(N•s)扁平足组总力冲量/(N•s)FP
T121.88±0.7919.93±1.081.0690.15616.79±1.8213.85±1.020.4730.26717.90±2.3116.75±2.010.7860.162
T227.52±2.0825.88±1.960.5690.43217.81±2.0116.39±1.800.6550.31220.44±2.2019.61±2.400.4260.423
T330.69±2.6920.91±2.024.8730.03123.42±1.4019.02±1.3612.2510.02527.19±2.3722.10±1.606.5530.033
M213.21±0.9338.41±2.82∗∗61.235<0.00110.92±1.3931.27±5.53∗∗45.3650.00647.05±3.7056.29±3.33∗∗32.8830.005
M353.44±3.3464.16±4.317.6610.02346.86±2.5856.77±5.308.1250.02841.78±3.5652.12±5.028.0560.035
), ArticleFig(id=1244340223103058390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340204262245303, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同运动表面跑步时足底分区总力冲量比较(

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区域水泥地人工草地塑胶跑道
正常足组总力冲量/(N•s)扁平足组总力冲量/(N•s)FP正常足组总力冲量/(N•s)扁平足组总力冲量/(N•s)FP正常足组总力冲量/(N•s)扁平足组总力冲量/(N•s)FP
T121.88±0.7919.93±1.081.0690.15616.79±1.8213.85±1.020.4730.26717.90±2.3116.75±2.010.7860.162
T227.52±2.0825.88±1.960.5690.43217.81±2.0116.39±1.800.6550.31220.44±2.2019.61±2.400.4260.423
T330.69±2.6920.91±2.024.8730.03123.42±1.4019.02±1.3612.2510.02527.19±2.3722.10±1.606.5530.033
M213.21±0.9338.41±2.82∗∗61.235<0.00110.92±1.3931.27±5.53∗∗45.3650.00647.05±3.7056.29±3.33∗∗32.8830.005
M353.44±3.3464.16±4.317.6610.02346.86±2.5856.77±5.308.1250.02841.78±3.5652.12±5.028.0560.035
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扁平足业余跑步爱好者不同运动表面跑步的足底压力特征分析
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彭国芳 1 , 孙启凯 2 , 闫增印 1
应用力学学报 | 生物力学 2025,42(6): 1429-1438
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应用力学学报 | 生物力学 2025, 42(6): 1429-1438
扁平足业余跑步爱好者不同运动表面跑步的足底压力特征分析
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彭国芳1 , 孙启凯2, 闫增印1
作者信息
  • 1.重庆邮电大学体育学院,400065 重庆
  • 2.浙江农林大学体育军训部,311300 杭州

通讯作者:

彭国芳。E-mail:
Analysis of plantar pressure characteristics of flat-footed amateur runners running on different sports surfaces
Guofang PENG1 , Qikai SUN2, Zengyin YAN1
Affiliations
  • 1.Physical Education College, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 400065 Chongqing, China
  • 2.Sports Department, Zhejiang Agricultural&Forestry University, 311300 Hangzhou, China
出版时间: 2025-12-15 doi: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.022
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目的

探究扁平足业余跑步爱好者在不同运动表面跑步时的足底压力特征。

方法

选取15名经足印法和Novel emed ® 3D足底扫描仪确诊的扁平足业余跑者(足弓指数≥0.6)及15名正常足对照者,使用Pedar-X 1.0足底压力测试系统,在受试者以自配速(4~6 m/s)于3种运动表面完成多次直线跑步测试时,同步采集最大足底压力、接触面积、峰值压强、压力-时间积分及总力冲量,通过重复测量方差分析比较组间差异。

结果

扁平足组的足跟区(M3)和足中区(M2)压力显著高于正常足(P<0.05),前外侧区(T3)压力显著低于正常足(P<0.05)。扁平足全足底接触面积均大于正常足(P<0.05),足中区(M2)差异最显著(P<0.01),弹性表面差异略缩小但仍显著。前足区(T1~T3)正常足显著高于扁平足(P<0.05),塑胶跑道足中区(M2)扁平足压强反超正常足近4倍(P<0.01)。扁平足足中区(M2)的压力-时间积分与总力冲量均显著高于正常足(P<0.01),前外侧区(T3)则显著低于正常足(P<0.05)。

结论

扁平足跑步时足底压力呈现“足中区过载、前外侧发力不足”的特征,硬地面加剧瞬时冲击,弹性表面放大负荷累积。建议扁平足跑者优先选择中等弹性表面,搭配足弓支撑装备以降低损伤风险。

扁平足  /  业余  /  跑步  /  运动表面  /  足底压力
Objective

To explore the plantar pressure characteristics of flat-footed amateur runners when running on different sports surfaces.

Methods

We selected 15 individuals using the foot print method and Novel emed ® Amateur runners with flat feet diagnosed by 3D foot scanning(arch index≥0.6)and 15 normal foot controls. Using the Pedar-X 1.0 plantar pressure testing system, the maximum plantar pressure, contact area, peak pressure, pressure time integral, and total force impulse were synchronously collected while the subjects completed multiple straight-line running tests on three surfaces at a self-paced speed(4-6 m/s). The differences between the groups were compared through repeated measurement variance analysis.

Results

The pressure in the heel area(M3)and midfoot area(M2)of the flat-foot group was significantly higher than that of normal feet(P<0.05), and the pressure in the anterior lateral area(T3)was significantly lower than that of normal feet(P<0.05). The contact area of the entire sole of flat feet was larger than that of normal feet(P<0.05), with the most significant difference in the midfoot area(M2)(P<0.01). The difference in elastic surface was slightly reduced but still significant. The normal foot in the forefoot area(T1-T3)was significantly higher than that in the flat foot area(P<0.05), and the pressure on the flat foot in the middle area(M2)of the plastic track was nearly 4 times higher than that of the normal foot(P<0.01). The pressure time integral and total impulse of flat foot M2 were significantly higher than those of normal foot(P<0.01), while the anterior lateral area(T3)was significantly lower than that of normal foot(P<0.05).

Conclusion

When running with flat feet, the plantar pressure shows the characteristics of“overload in the midfoot area and insufficient force on the anterior lateral side”. The hard ground intensifies the instantaneous impact, and the elastic surface amplifies the accumulated load. It is suggested that flat-footed runners prioritize choosing a moderately elastic surface and pairing it with arch support equipment to reduce the risk of injury.

flat foot  /  amateur  /  running  /  moving surface  /  plantar pressure
彭国芳, 孙启凯, 闫增印. 扁平足业余跑步爱好者不同运动表面跑步的足底压力特征分析. 应用力学学报, 2025 , 42 (6) : 1429 -1438 . DOI: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.022
Guofang PENG, Qikai SUN, Zengyin YAN. Analysis of plantar pressure characteristics of flat-footed amateur runners running on different sports surfaces[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2025 , 42 (6) : 1429 -1438 . DOI: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.022
跑步作为一项全民参与的健身运动,其健康效益与运动损伤风险之间的平衡始终是运动科学领域的研究焦点[1]。对于特定人群而言,这种平衡关系更为复杂。扁平足作为一种常见的足部形态异常,其独特的生物力学特征使得业余跑步爱好者在享受运动乐趣的同时,可能面临更高的运动损伤风险[2]。而运动表面作为跑步过程中唯一直接与人体接触的外部环境,其硬度、弹性及能量反馈特性对足底压力分布具有显著影响[3]。因此,探究扁平足业余跑步爱好者在不同运动表面上的足底压力特征,不仅有助于揭示这一群体的运动生物力学规律,更能为科学制定运动处方、预防运动损伤提供理论依据。
扁平足(pes planus)是以足弓低平或消失为特征的足部畸形,全球青少年患病率高达25%~49%,运动员群体达到11.7%~39.5%[4]。足弓作为足部天然的“减震器”,其塌陷导致纵向缓冲能力下降,使足部在动态运动中难以有效分散地面反作用力[5]。研究表明,扁平足跑者在步态周期中,足底压力呈现显著的内侧集中趋势,膝关节内翻力矩增加、胫骨应力升高,长期积累可能诱发足底筋膜炎、胫后肌腱炎及膝关节退行性变[6]。运动表面作为跑步环境的物理载体,其力学特性对运动表现与损伤风险具有双向调节作用[7-8]。跑者在不同表面上会通过调整步态策略(如步频、触地时间)和肌肉激活模式来适应环境,这种适应性也会对足底压力的时空分布特征造成改变[9]。当前研究在扁平足跑步生物力学领域已取得一定进展。动态足弓功能研究揭示,部分低足弓跑者在触地瞬间可通过软组织弹性形成功能性足弓,反而提升能量利用效率[10]。另外,也有研究指出低足弓跑者在配速6 min/km时,足底筋膜预加载机制可节省约3%的代谢能耗[11]。然而,这类研究多聚焦于专业运动员或实验室理想条件,缺乏对业余跑者日常训练场景的针对性分析,其结论难以推广至配速较慢、技术动作不标准的业余人群。
为此,本研究以扁平足业余跑者为研究对象,通过对比其在塑胶跑道、人工草地及水泥地面跑步时的足底压力参数,解析不同运动表面特性与足弓形态的动态交互机制。采用高精度压力传感系统同步采集步态周期内的峰值压力、负荷分布模式等,探讨不同运动表面对足部稳定性的影响差异。研究旨在构建运动表面选择与运动装备适配的科学依据,为降低扁平足跑者的损伤风险提供实践指导,同时丰富特殊人群运动生物力学的理论体系。
分别选取15名扁平足及15名正常足业余跑步爱好者,年龄20~35岁,身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)18.5~25.0 kg/m2。均经足印法和足底扫描仪(德国Novel emed ® 3D)检测确认足弓指数≥0.6(扁平足诊断标准)[12]。纳入标准:每周规律跑步3~5次,持续时间≥6个月,每次跑步距离3~10 km;无足部手术史、急性损伤或严重关节疾病。排除标准:合并高弓足、踝关节不稳或其他影响步态的运动系统疾病。受试者均签署知情同意书,试验方案经伦理委员会审核通过(审查编号:2024LCLL-10)。本次试验的受试者基本信息如表1所示。
1)足底压力测量系统[13]:采用德国Novel公司生产的Pedar-X 1.0无线鞋垫式压力传感器系统(图1),该设备内置96个电容式压力传感器,鞋垫尺寸适配中国成人鞋码(220~280 mm),采样频率为100 Hz,压力测量范围0~10 N/cm2,精度±5%FS。传感器鞋垫可固定于受试者运动鞋内,通过配套的Novel software 2.0软件实时同步采集足底压力分布数据,并支持步态周期内压力参数的自动提取与分析。
2)运动捕捉系统[14]:采用英国Vicon三维运动捕捉系统(型号MX T40)用于同步采集运动学数据。配备8台高速红外摄像机(分辨率1 280×1 024,采样频率200 Hz),用于同步采集受试者下肢运动学数据,辅助验证步态周期与足底压力的时序匹配。摄像机布置于测试区域四周,捕捉贴于下肢关键解剖标志的反光Marker点,通过Vicon Nexus软件(版本2.1)重建关节运动轨迹,确保足底压力数据对应有效步态周期(≥5步连续稳定步态)。受试者下肢Mark反光点粘贴位置如图2所示。
3)足底扫描仪
采用德国Novel emed ® 3D足底扫描仪(图3),用于静态足弓指数测量,确诊扁平足。设备采用3D结构光扫描技术,扫描范围250 mm×100 mm,分辨率0.1 mm,可生成足底三维形态图,计算足弓指数(足弓高度与足长的比值),诊断标准为足弓指数≥0.6。
试验在标准户外运动场及实验室进行,设置3个测试区域:水泥地(硬度等级C35)、人工草地(第三代充砂草坪)、塑胶跑道(EPDM颗粒,厚度13 mm),如图4所示。受试者穿着统一中性跑鞋(飞跃胶底跑步鞋),以自配速±5%完成各表面测试,顺序随机分配以消除顺序效应。
受试者首先完成基础体征测量,随后进行10 min热身(快走+动态拉伸),熟悉3种运动表面的跑步感觉。正式测试时,受试者以自选舒适速度(约4~6 m/s)在每种表面上直线跑步3次,每次持续30 s,间隔5 min休息。各组在不同运动表面的平均配速为:水泥地(5.2±0.3)m/s,人工草地(5.0±0.4)m/s,塑胶跑道(5.1±0.3)m/s,组间速度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。跑步过程中,足底压力传感器、三维运动捕捉系统和测力台同步采集数据,每次有效步态周期(≥5步)纳入分析,取3次测试平均值以减少个体差异影响。
本次试验依据人体足底解剖结构,将足底划分为3个主要功能区域:足前区(M1)、足中区(M2)和足跟区(M3)[15]。其中,足前区进一步细分为3个子区域:第一跖趾区(足前内侧区,T1)、第二及第三跖趾区(足前中间区,T2)、第四及第五跖趾区(足前外侧区,T3)。以左足为例,各区域具体位置如图5所示。
1)最大足底压力(kPa)[16]:单步态周期内足底各区域(T1~T3,M2~M3)的压力最大值,反映局部峰值负荷。
2)足底接触面积(cm2[17]:单步态周期内足底与运动表面接触的总面积,由足底压力传感器阵列数据计算得出,反映足底与地面的接触范围。
3)足底峰值压强(N/cm2[18]:足底各区域(后足、中足、前足)在支撑相的压力最大值,通过足底压力测试系统按区域划分(ROI)分析获取。
4)足底压力-时间积分(N•s/cm2[19]:指在步态周期中,足底某一区域的压强对时间的积分,反映单位面积上的压力累积效应。计算公式为
式中:Pt)为足底某区域在时间t的压强(N/cm2);t1~t2为步态周期中的时间区间。
5)足底总力冲量(N•s)[20]:指在步态周期中,足底某一区域所受的力对时间的积分,反映该区域在运动过程中累积的力学负荷,表征总力的时间累积效应。计算公式为
式中:Ft)为足底某区域在时间t的垂直力(N);t1~t2为步态周期中的时间区间(如足底接触期)。
采用SPSS 26.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料以“均值±标准差”()表示,正态分布数据采用重复测量方差分析ANOVA(正态分布)比较组间差异,两两比较采用Bonferroni校正。非正态分布数据采用Friedman检验及Nemenyi事后分析。相关性分析根据数据特征选择Pearson或Spearman方法。所有检验均为双侧检验,显著性水平设为α=0.05,P<0.05认为差异具有统计学意义。
表2测得的结果可知,正常足与扁平足业余跑步爱好者在不同运动表面的足底压力分布存在显著的组间差异(P<0.05),核心表现为足弓结构异常导致的负荷重新分配。
足跟区(M3)在所有运动表面,扁平足压力均显著高于正常足(P<0.05),反映其足弓塌陷后缓冲功能减弱,地面反作用力直接传导至足跟;扁平足较正常足的足中区(M2)在各运动表面均较大,水泥地和人工草地存在极显著差异(P<0.01),塑胶跑道存在显著差异(P<0.05)。
足前区(M1)中,正常足的足前内侧区(T1)压力在3种运动表面均显著高于扁平足(P<0.05);扁平足的足前外侧区(T3)在水泥地和人工草地压力显著低于正常足(P<0.05),而足前中间区(T2)无显著差异(P>0.05)。
表3测得结果来看,扁平足与正常足业余跑步爱好者在不同运动表面跑步时的足底接触面积存在显著差异,这种差异与足弓形态及表面特性密切相关。
扁平足组的足前内侧区(T1)、足前中间区(T2)、足前外侧区(T2)及足跟区(M3)在各运动表面上的接触面积均显著大于正常足组(P<0.05);扁平足组在足弓区域(M2)的接触面积显著大于正常足组(P<0.01),尤其是在硬质表面(如水泥地)上,其差异更为明显。在人工草地上,扁平足组的中足(M2)接触面积虽仍高于正常足组(P<0.01),但其接触面积差异较水泥地缩小约10%;而在塑胶跑道上,扁平足组的中足接触面积较其他表面有所降低,但仍显著高于正常足组(P<0.05)。
表4测得结果来看,正常足与扁平足业余跑步爱好者在不同运动表面的足底峰值压强存在显著差异(P<0.05)。
具体表现为:T1/T2(前内侧/中间区)扁平足压强普遍低于正常足(P<0.05);足前外侧区(T3)在水泥地、人工草地、塑胶跑道的峰值压强均呈现正常足显著高于扁平足(P<0.05);足中区(M2)在所有表面均存在显著差异,其中水泥地与人工草地表现为扁平足压力虽高但因接触面积增幅更大导致压强略低,而塑胶跑道因扁平足M2压力骤增,且接触面积增幅有限,压强较正常足更高(P<0.05);扁平足组较正常足组的足跟区(M3)在各表面均无显著差异(P>0.05),反映足跟负荷受足型影响弱于地面硬度。
表5测得的结果可以看出,正常足与扁平足业余跑步爱好者在不同运动表面的足底压力-时间积分存在显著性组间差异(P<0.05)。
足前外侧区(T3)在水泥地、人工草地、塑胶跑道的足底压力-时间积分均表现为正常足显著高于扁平足,组间对比差异显著(P<0.05);足中区(M2)在所有表面均呈现极显著差异(P<0.01),其足底压力-时间积分显著高于正常足,尤其塑胶跑道扁平足M2冲量达8.72 N•s/cm2,为正常足的近4倍;足前内侧区(T1)、前中间区(T2)及足跟区(M3)组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),反映前内侧/中间跖趾区负荷分配相似。
表6测得的结果可知,正常足与扁平足业余跑步爱好者在不同运动表面的足底总力冲量表现出显著的组间差异:足前外侧区(T3)在水泥地、人工草地、塑胶跑道的总力冲量均为正常足显著高于扁平足(P<0.05),与正常足蹬地时前外侧缘发力集中、扁平足前足负荷分散的步态特征一致;足中区(M2)在所有表面均存在极显著差异(P<0.01),扁平足因足弓塌陷导致M2最大压力远高于正常足,尤其水泥地扁平足M2压力是正常足的2.9倍,其总力冲量显著更高(P<0.05);扁平足足跟区M3总力冲量普遍高于正常足(P<0.05),但差异幅度小于M2;足前内侧区(T1)和前中间区(T2)组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),表明两者在前内侧及中间跖趾区的总力累积无显著区别。
扁平足与正常足的足底压力差异源于足弓支撑功能异常引发的负荷传递路径改变。正常足通过足弓弹性形变缓冲地面反作用力,形成“足跟-足弓-前足”的有序负荷传导;而扁平足因内侧纵弓塌陷,足弓缓冲失效,地面反作用力经松弛的足内侧结构直接传导至足跟与足中区。本研究中,扁平足足跟区(M3)在各表面压力均显著高于正常足(P<0.05),较正常足升高20%,这与PERIYASAMY等[21]提出的“足弓塌陷导致足跟冲击负荷增加”的结论一致。为此,基于M2区域高压特征,建议“足弓支撑装备需覆盖足中区,硬度适中(邵氏硬度60~70)以限制过度内翻”。足中区(M2)压力在水泥地、人工草地呈现极显著差异(P<0.01),因扁平足触地时足内侧缘完全贴地,负荷集中于足中区,符合“足弓高度降低导致足内侧压力升高”的力学模型[22]。正常足蹬地时依赖前内侧区(T1)和前外侧区(T3)集中发力,故T1压力在3种运动表面均显著高于扁平足(P<0.05),与PATERSON等[23]关于“第一跖趾关节在推进期承担主要载荷”的报道一致;而扁平足因足弓塌陷导致前足负荷向内侧转移,T3在水泥地、人工草地压力显著低于正常足(P<0.05),反映其前外侧缘发力不足,因此可在前足外侧区域增加防滑设计以增强蹬地效率。已有研究证实,足弓结构异常会导致足底压力重新分配,本研究进一步揭示硬地面加剧足跟与足中区压力升高,为此,建议扁平足跑者应尽量减少在水泥地等硬地面的跑步时长,单次训练时间控制在20 min内。
扁平足与正常足的足底接触面积差异源于足弓支撑结构异常导致的触地模式改变。正常足触地时,足弓以穹顶形态形成“三点支撑”(足跟、第一跖趾、第五跖趾),足中区(M2)仅轻微接触;而扁平足因内侧纵弓塌陷,足内侧缘完全贴地,形成“足内侧线性支撑”,导致足中区(M2)下沉并与地面直接接触,显著扩大接触范围(水泥地达正常足的3.97倍),符合HARIS等[24]关于足弓塌陷导致中足接触面积增大的研究结论。硬质表面(如水泥地)因缺乏弹性,限制足弓形变,无法通过形变补偿足弓塌陷的几何缺陷,迫使足底通过增大接触面积分散负荷,故差异最为显著。人工草地和塑胶跑道则通过表面弹性部分吸收冲击力,减少足底被迫延展的需求,使M2接触面积差异分别缩小10%和15%,印证了BULDT等[25]关于“表面弹性调节足弓动力学”的系统综述结论。此外,前足区(T1~T3)接触面积增加与扁平足足部旋前代偿相关:内侧纵弓支撑不足导致步态中前足外展增加,进而扩大前足外侧(T3)接触范围。值得注意的是,塑胶跑道虽降低M2绝对接触面积,但因弹性材料延长支撑相时间,可能增加足底筋膜持续牵张风险。因此在塑胶跑道跑步时,建议单次跑量不超过5 km,或跑步时间不超过30 min,避免足底筋膜长时间承受较大负荷。
前足内侧区(T1/T2)压强降低与内侧纵弓塌陷直接相关,足弓支撑功能丧失导致第一跖列稳定性下降,削弱了蹬离期前足内侧的推进效率,使压强显著降低(P<0.05)。前足外侧区(T3)的压强差异则揭示了步态代偿机制:正常足通过外侧跖骨有效传导负荷,而扁平足因足弓塌陷引发过度旋前,前足外展受限,导致外侧发力减弱。足中区(M2)的压强变化呈现表面依赖性:在水泥地和人工草地上,扁平足虽承受更高压力,但因接触面积大幅增加,压强反而低于正常足(P<0.05)。然而在塑胶跑道上,扁平足M2压力骤增,而接触面积增幅有限,导致压强反超正常足(P<0.05),这反映了弹性表面的动态效应——足弓塌陷者因缺乏结构稳定性,表面回弹力加剧了中足区域的瞬时冲击,与BRAZIER等[26]的“弹性表面-足弓耦合损伤”理论相符。足跟区(M3)压强的无差异性(P>0.05)表明,跟骨负荷更多受地面硬度调控而非足型差异。硬质表面(如水泥地)通过增加地面反作用力使M3压强普遍升高,而弹性表面(如塑胶跑道)通过能量吸收降低峰值压强。因此在不同运动表面跑步时,可根据表面硬度调整跑步姿势,在硬地面跑步时,尽量采用前足着地或全足着地的方式,减少足跟受到的冲击。
足底压力-时间积分的组间差异本质上是足弓支撑功能异常导致的负荷累积模式分化。正常足蹬地时前外侧区(T3)发力集中且高效,短时间内产生较高压力,故压力-时间积分显著高于扁平足(P<0.05),反映其推进期前外侧缘的力学优势;而扁平足因足弓塌陷导致前足负荷向内侧转移,T3压力与接触时间双降,压力-时间积分降低,提示推进效率不足。足中区(M2)压力-时间积分的极显著差异(P<0.01),源于足弓塌陷后该区域长期承受异常负荷:扁平足触地时足内侧缘持续贴地,M2接触面积扩大且压力升高,支撑期延长导致负荷累积加剧。弹性表面(塑胶跑道)因允许足弓过度下压,M2压力骤增且接触时间进一步延长,压力-时间积分达峰值,揭示弹性环境对扁平足异常负荷的放大效应。足前内侧区(T1)、前中间区(T2)及足跟区(M3)压力-时间积分无显著差异,表明这些区域的负荷分配未因足型改变而出现明显分化,足跟区负荷更多由地面反作用力决定。为此,对于扁平足跑者而言,单纯依靠表面弹性来改善运动负荷存在局限性,需要综合考虑压力峰值与作用时间的平衡[27]。在选择运动表面时,可优先考虑中等弹性的人工草地,每周可安排3~4次在人工草地的跑步训练,单次跑量可控制在8~10 km,以充分利用其弹性优势,减少负荷累积。
足底总力冲量的组间差异本质是足弓支撑功能异常导致的负荷累积与发力模式分化。足中区(M2)作为核心差异区域,扁平足因足弓塌陷导致足内侧缘持续触地,最大压力显著升高且支撑时间延长,总力冲量随之剧增[28]。这一现象与BULDT等[25]提出的内侧纵弓结构缺失导致足中区在支撑相承受更长时间的持续性负荷,且在硬质表面尤为突出的观点一致。前外侧区(T3)总力冲量正常足显著更高(P<0.05),源于正常足蹬地时前外侧缘发力集中、瞬时负荷高的力学优势,而扁平足因前足负荷向内侧分散,T3发力不足,反映其推进期效率低下。足跟区(M3)总力冲量扁平足略高(P<0.05),与足跟外翻导致的触地时间延长和初始冲击力增加有关,但差异幅度小于M2,表明足弓塌陷对足跟负荷的影响弱于足中区。足前内侧区(T1)和前中间区(T2)无显著差异,说明两者在前足内侧及中间跖趾区的负荷累积模式相似,未因足型改变出现明显分化。本研究通过总力冲量的量化差异,揭示了扁平足跑步时“足中区过载-前外侧发力不足”的力学失衡,为评估足弓软组织劳损(如足底筋膜炎)和前足推进效率提供了重要依据。为此,建议扁平足跑者定期进行足底压力检测,监测足中区和前外侧区的总力冲量变化,以便及时调整训练计划和装备选择。
本研究通过多表面足底压力测试,揭示了扁平足业余跑者独特的负荷分布模式及其表面依赖性。主要结论如下。
1)结构缺陷导致负荷重分布,足中区压力在水泥地达正常足2.9倍,且塑胶跑道上压力-时间积分显著增加,这与足弓塌陷引发的缓冲失效和动态不稳定性直接相关。
2)表面特性调节损伤风险,硬质表面加剧瞬时冲击,而弹性表面可能因延长接触时间增加累积负荷,人工草地表现相对均衡。
3)足跟负荷主要受表面硬度调控。
为此,在日后的跑步中提出以下建议:扁平足跑者应避免长期在硬质表面训练,建议采用人工草地等中等弹性表面;塑胶跑道使用时需控制单次跑量以防过度使用损伤;跑鞋设计应重点增强中足支撑与能量回馈的平衡性。
本次研究局限性在于:样本仅纳入男性,结论对女性扁平足人群的普适性受限;未探讨跑鞋类型的影响,在中性鞋条件下的适用性存在局限;未考虑长期跑步训练对扁平足跑者足弓结构、足底压力的适应性影响。
未来可开展纵向队列研究,追踪长期训练对扁平足跑者足底压力的影响,并扩大样本量涵盖性别差异,增设跑鞋类型分组,多维度分析扁平足跑者足底压力的影响因素。本结果为扁平足人群的科学跑步提供了重要生物力学依据。
  • 教育部产学合作协同育人项目(230730045207206)
  • 重庆市体育科研一般项目(B202122)
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2025年第42卷第6期
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doi: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.022
  • 接收时间:2025-07-21
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-12-15
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-21
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教育部产学合作协同育人项目(230730045207206)
重庆市体育科研一般项目(B202122)
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    1.重庆邮电大学体育学院,400065 重庆
    2.浙江农林大学体育军训部,311300 杭州

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
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total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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