Article(id=1244340207508636653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716739200000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774603424193, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1765728000000, pubDateStr=2025-12-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774603424193, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774603424193, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603424193, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244340201636610993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, year='2025', volume='42', issue='6', pageStart='1207', pageEnd='1446', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774603422792, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774603751062, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244341578555306992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244341578555306993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, issueId=1244340201636610993, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1246, endPage=1253, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244340210838913080, articleId=1244340207508636653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, language=EN, title=Fuzzy logic-based information fusion preview attitude control for spacecraft, columnId=1244340205021409622, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, columnName=Special Column on Aeronautics and Astronautics, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Large flexible appendages of flexible spacecraft are characterised by their large scale and low stiffness, resulting in vibration of large flexible appendages that can seriously affect the attitude precision of the spacecraft. Information fusion preview control is combined with fuzzy control to construct the attitude controller. According to the information fusion theory, the spacecraft's desired trajectory and system dynamics information are fused, the optimal preview control law is derived. The optimal preview control law can be easily obtained due to the information fusion control has a simple design process and low computational burden. In real engineering, the control torque generated by the actuator is limited. The fuzzy controller is employed to adjust the parameters of the control law on-line in order to satisfy the requirements of limitation. Simulation results show that the designed control strategy with high control performance can effectively suppress the vibration of the flexible appendages, and the attitude angle can reach the desired value accurately and quickly. The proposed control strategy can be served as a reference for the engineering application of large flexible spacecraft attitude control.

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大挠性航天器所携带的大型挠性附件具有体积大和刚度低等特点,导致大挠性附件振动会严重影响航天器的姿态控制。对此,将模糊控制和信息融合预见控制结合,设计了基于模糊的信息融合预见姿态控制器。依据信息融合理论,通过融合航天器期望轨迹和动态方程等信息推导了航天器的最优预见姿态控制律。此控制策略具有设计过程简单、计算量小且易于实现的特点。针对在实际工程中执行机构存在输出力矩受限问题,采用模糊控制在线调整控制律的相关参数,以使控制量满足受限要求。仿真结果表明所设计的控制策略可使挠性附件振动快速衰减,航天器姿态角能准确、快速地达到期望值,具有较好的控制性能,可为大挠性航天器姿态控制的工程应用提供借鉴。

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管萍,教授。E-mail:
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The fuzzy rule table

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NBNSZPSPB
NB[1,2][1,2][1,2][1,2][1,2]
NS[2,1][2,1][2.2,1][2,1][2,1]
Z[2,1][2,1][2.5,1][2,1][2,1]
PS[2,1][2,1][2.2,1][2,1][2,1]
PB[1,2][1,2][1,2][1,2][1,2]
), ArticleFig(id=1244340259283125137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244295746212642849, articleId=1244340207508636653, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

模糊规则表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
NBNSZPSPB
NB[1,2][1,2][1,2][1,2][1,2]
NS[2,1][2,1][2.2,1][2,1][2,1]
Z[2,1][2,1][2.5,1][2,1][2,1]
PS[2,1][2,1][2.2,1][2,1][2,1]
PB[1,2][1,2][1,2][1,2][1,2]
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基于模糊逻辑的航天器信息融合预见姿态控制
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包燕伟 , 管萍 , 戈新生 , 曹彧腾
应用力学学报 | 航空航天工程专栏 2025,42(6): 1246-1253
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应用力学学报 | 航空航天工程专栏 2025, 42(6): 1246-1253
基于模糊逻辑的航天器信息融合预见姿态控制
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包燕伟, 管萍 , 戈新生, 曹彧腾
作者信息
  • 北京信息科技大学自动化学院,100192 北京

通讯作者:

管萍,教授。E-mail:
Fuzzy logic-based information fusion preview attitude control for spacecraft
Yanwei BAO, Ping GUAN , Xinsheng GE, Yuteng CAO
Affiliations
  • School of Automation, Beijing Information Science&Technology University, 100192 Beijing, China
出版时间: 2025-12-15 doi: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.004
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大挠性航天器所携带的大型挠性附件具有体积大和刚度低等特点,导致大挠性附件振动会严重影响航天器的姿态控制。对此,将模糊控制和信息融合预见控制结合,设计了基于模糊的信息融合预见姿态控制器。依据信息融合理论,通过融合航天器期望轨迹和动态方程等信息推导了航天器的最优预见姿态控制律。此控制策略具有设计过程简单、计算量小且易于实现的特点。针对在实际工程中执行机构存在输出力矩受限问题,采用模糊控制在线调整控制律的相关参数,以使控制量满足受限要求。仿真结果表明所设计的控制策略可使挠性附件振动快速衰减,航天器姿态角能准确、快速地达到期望值,具有较好的控制性能,可为大挠性航天器姿态控制的工程应用提供借鉴。

大挠性航天器  /  姿态控制  /  信息融合  /  预见控制  /  模糊逻辑

Large flexible appendages of flexible spacecraft are characterised by their large scale and low stiffness, resulting in vibration of large flexible appendages that can seriously affect the attitude precision of the spacecraft. Information fusion preview control is combined with fuzzy control to construct the attitude controller. According to the information fusion theory, the spacecraft's desired trajectory and system dynamics information are fused, the optimal preview control law is derived. The optimal preview control law can be easily obtained due to the information fusion control has a simple design process and low computational burden. In real engineering, the control torque generated by the actuator is limited. The fuzzy controller is employed to adjust the parameters of the control law on-line in order to satisfy the requirements of limitation. Simulation results show that the designed control strategy with high control performance can effectively suppress the vibration of the flexible appendages, and the attitude angle can reach the desired value accurately and quickly. The proposed control strategy can be served as a reference for the engineering application of large flexible spacecraft attitude control.

large flexible spacecraft  /  attitude control  /  information fusion  /  preview control  /  fuzzy logic
包燕伟, 管萍, 戈新生, 曹彧腾. 基于模糊逻辑的航天器信息融合预见姿态控制. 应用力学学报, 2025 , 42 (6) : 1246 -1253 . DOI: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.004
Yanwei BAO, Ping GUAN, Xinsheng GE, Yuteng CAO. Fuzzy logic-based information fusion preview attitude control for spacecraft[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics, 2025 , 42 (6) : 1246 -1253 . DOI: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.004
为了使现代航天器具有完成各种高难度空间任务的复杂功能[1],航天器通常搭载了多种挠性附件。而这些挠性附件具有体积大、转动惯量大和模态频率低等特点,导致其与航天器中心刚体的刚柔耦合效应突出。在姿态调整过程中,很容易激发挠性附件振动,严重影响航天器的姿态控制,甚至可能导致航天器失稳[2],给航天器姿态控制器的设计带来了巨大挑战,为其设计出具有高精度和强鲁棒性的姿态控制策略成为研究热点[3]
近些年,许多研究人员对航天器的姿态控制系统进行了广泛的研究。自适应鲁棒控制[4]、滑模控制[5-8]、容错控制[9]、PID控制[10]、反步控制[11-12]和最优控制[13-14]等控制方法在航天器的姿态控制中得到了应用,然而这些研究针对的是中心刚体质量和转动惯量在航天器整体中所占的比例较大的常规挠性航天器,并未研究配备有大型挠性附件的大挠性航天器。由于大挠性航天器所安装挠性附件的质量和转动惯量占整星的比重较大,使其挠性附件的振动会显著影响航天器的姿态运动,控制系统很难获得良好的动态性能。
信息融合预见控制是一种通过融合可预见的信息来加快系统的动态响应、抑制扰动和改善系统动态性能的有效方法[15]。该方法从信息融合的角度出发,根据信息融合估计理论,通过融合和控制量有关的期望轨迹信息、系统动态信息以及理想控制策略等信息得到控制量的最优估计[16],具有设计过程简单、计算量小等特点,便于在实际中应用,已在四旋翼[17-18]、机械手[19-20]和直升机[21]等非线性复杂被控对象中取得了良好的控制效果,具有广泛的应用前景。
模糊控制是一种处理复杂被控对象的有效控制方法[22],与其他控制策略相结合衍生了很多行之有效的控制策略[23-24],文献[23]提出了基于T-S模糊的模型预测控制策略,提高了车辆偏航控制的稳定性。文献[24]设计了模糊滑模控制器,有效消除了控制器抖振情况。因此,模糊控制与预测控制、滑模控制等方法相结合,可提高控制系统的鲁棒性和自适应性,改善系统的控制性能。
基于以上分析,针对大挠性航天器姿态控制问题,将模糊控制与信息融合预见控制相结合,设计了基于模糊的信息融合预见姿态控制器。通过融合期望轨迹、系统当前状态和理想控制策略等信息,设计大挠性航天器的姿态控制律。在此基础上,采用模糊控制在线调整控制律的参数,以使控制量幅值满足工程的要求。仿真结果表明所设计的控制器可实现对大挠性航天器姿态的有效控制。
本研究以大挠性航天器为研究对象,航天器的结构及其参考坐标系如图1所示,航天器主要由安装在其两侧的大型横向太阳帆板和中心刚体构成。
假设航天器已经到达轨道期望位置,太阳帆板与航天器本体的相对偏转角固定,忽略轨道动力学的影响,大挠性航天器的动力学模型为[25]
式中:θ=[θxθyθzθs]Tθxθyθz表示航天器三轴姿态的转动角,θs表示太阳帆板的转动角度;η=[η1η2η3η4]T为前四阶振动模态;τ=[τxτyτzτs]T表示控制力矩;为模态函数;0i×j表示ij列的零矩阵,Mnn=M77Cnn=C77Knn=K77MxMnMnn是质量矩阵的子矩阵;KsKsnKnn是刚度矩阵的子矩阵;Cnn是阻尼矩阵的子矩阵。各个参数具体的物理意义详见文献[25]。令x=[θTθT]T,将式(2)代入式(1)并离散化,可得系统方程为
式中
其中:dk可视作挠性振动模态对姿态的影响,且‖dk‖≤ηDηD为正常数;挠性模态η及其速率可由压电陶瓷传感器测量得到[26]
控制目标为针对大挠性航天器姿态控制系统,设计基于模糊的信息融合预见姿态控制律,在控制量幅值满足受限要求下,使挠性航天器的振动模态快速衰减,并控制三轴姿态能迅速达到期望值。
针对大挠性航天器姿态控制问题,采用信息融合控制理论,推导出大挠性航天器姿态控制量uk的最优融合估计。即从信息融合估计的角度,把期望值信息和系统动态信息等均视为关于控制量的测量信息,基于信息融合估计理论,直接求出信息融合预见控制律用于航天器的三轴姿态控制系统中。考虑在实际工程中飞轮等执行机构存在输出力矩受限的问题,设计模糊控制器用以调整姿态控制律中的相关参数,以使控制量满足受限要求。
信息融合估计通过利用多源可测信息来估计未知量。对于控制系统来说,可将系统动态方程已知的状态xk、期望轨迹和理想控制策略等信息均视为控制量uk的测量信息,依据信息融合估计理论(引理1),通过融合这些测量信息可得到控制量的最优估计。
引理1[27],假设被估计量zRn的各种信息可以表示为线性信息融合估计模型。
式中:z的测量数据;为信息传递矩阵;为服从E[vi]=0,的观测误差,称为关于自身yi的信息量,记为
如果满足非奇异,则基于z的最优融合估计
式中,表示关于z的信息量。
对于大挠性航天器姿态控制问题,通过融合所有和控制量有关的信息,将系统状态、期望轨迹和理想控制策略等信息视为控制量的测量值,由引理1可得出航天器姿态控制量。所设计的最优控制序列{uk}可使以下性能指标最小。
式中:为系统的期望值;uk+iR1为控制向量;Qk+i+1Rn×nRk+iRr×r为对称正定的信息权重矩阵;kf为预见步数。等式右边第一项表示对实际系统状态xk+i+1跟踪期望轨迹的要求,Qk+i+1则表示相应的信息量,右边第二项则表示系统对控制量尽量小的要求,Rk+i表示相应的信息量。
假设在k时刻,协状态融合估计已经得到,则所有与控制量uk有关的信息如下。
式(8)表示由状态方程决定的控制量信息;式(9)表示由性能指标中要求控制能量尽量小所决定的信息表达式,rk是均值为零、方差为的白噪声;式(10)表示对状态估计时存在估计误差的信息,pk+1是均值为零的过程噪声,其方差为Pk+1。将式(8)代入式(10)可得
则由引理1,融合式(9)和式(11)所示的关于uk的测量信息,得到uk的最优融合估计为
由式(12)可以看出,计算控制量需要确定协状态及其信息量。通过融合所有未来时刻的可预见信息,即可得到协状态及其信息量。下面首先讨论如何得到xk+1的最优融合估计,然后递推即可得到协状态序列,2,…,kf
若已经融合了k+1时刻以后的所有信息,得到协状态融合估计和信息量,则与xk+1有关的所有信息如下。
式中:pk+2是均值为零、方差为Pk+2的过程噪声,式(15)表示由性能指标函数中要求系统状态达到期望值所决定的信息表达式;qk+1是零均值、方差为的测量噪声。
将式(13)、式(16)代入式(14)可得
式中:xk+1的测量值,而-Bdrk+1+pk+2则视为测量的过程噪声。根据引理1,融合式(17)和式(15)所示的关于xk+1的测量信息,得到xk+1的最优融合估计为
由式(18)可知,根据协状态及信息量可计算得到及信息量,以此类推,可得协状态最优融合估计序列
终端时刻协状态估计时需要下一时刻协状态的值,考虑到当预见步数足够时,之后的未来信息对当前控制性能的影响甚微,因此置,则协状态初值为:
式(19)的信息权重更新为逆时间方向求解黎卡提方程,取,则所有协状态的信息量收敛于P-1P-1为黎卡提方程的解[17],根据数值分析中迭代法的收敛性定理,通过调整权重矩阵QR可使谱半径,则由式(19)描述的协状态迭代过程收敛[17]
综上,在每次计算控制量时,先根据式(19)逆时间求得协状态序列及其信息量,再根据式(12)可得到航天器的信息融合预见控制量。式(12)可表述为
式中,。设置权重矩阵QR可调整反馈参数Kx,由于信息融合预见控制与传统最优控制的反馈控制项一致,因此信息融合预见控制的稳定性与传统最优控制系统的稳定性一致[28]。设置权重矩阵QR调整反馈参数Kx,使闭环系统特征值位于单位圆内。并且系统矩阵AdBd是定常矩阵,对于任何使DTD=Q成立的D,矩阵对[AdD]可观测,故所设计的信息融合预见控制系统是渐进稳定的[28]
在实际工程中,由于物理结构与能量消耗的限制,使飞轮等执行机构的输出力矩受限,故在控制器的设计中需考虑到控制量受限问题[29]。式(12)求出的控制量并不能保证其满足受限要求,考虑到权重Qk+ii=1,2,…,kf)和Rk+jj=0,1,…,kf-1)会直接影响控制量的幅值,则可通过改变控制律的参数Qk+iRk+j的值,实现对控制量幅值的调整。由于T-S模糊模型具有结构简单,数学描述方便的优点,便于系统的分析和控制器的设计,在此采用T-S模糊模型在线调整控制律式的参数。
从性能指标式可知,矩阵Qk+iRk+j都会影响系统的控制性能,Qk+i增大则控制精度越高,但会导致控制量幅值增大,相反Rk+j增大可减小控制量幅值,但会降低控制精度[15],因此通过适当的调整权重矩阵Qk+iRk+j可使控制量满足约束条件,即当控制量输出幅值过大时,可通过减小权重矩阵Qk+i和增大矩阵Rk+j来减小控制量的幅值,而控制量在要求范围内时,可增加权重矩阵Qk+i并减小Rk+j,提高控制系统的响应速度。
代表在向量中所有元素取绝对值后的最大值,代表向量中所有元素取绝对值后的最大值,。取作为模糊系统的输入,权重调节因子作为模糊系统输出,为了方便表示,令,在此设置2个T-S模糊控制器分别在线调整参数,第l条的模糊规则可表示为
其中:分别为s1s2的模糊子集;g1lg2l为常值,l=1,2,…,MM为模糊规则数。模糊系统的输出可表示为
式中:i=1,2为可调模糊规则参数;表示模糊基函数,ξl(s)表示为
式中,的隶属度函数。则由式(21)得到模糊系统输出后,信息权重调节律可表示为
因此,在k时刻,基于模糊的信息融合预见姿态控制量的最优估计可表示为
协状态序列的融合过程式(19)可表述为
则协状态初值设置为
综上,基于模糊的信息融合预见姿态控制律如式(24)所示。在实际控制时,首先根据控制量及其增量得到模糊系统的输入,利用式(21)计算模糊系统的输出,并用式(23)计算调整后的权重,然后根据,式(25)得到协状态融合估计序列,并通过式(24)得到航天器姿态系统的控制量
在此通过数字仿真验证所设计的基于模糊的信息融合预见姿态控制算法的有效性。航天器中心刚体转动惯量J=dig(20,20,20)kg•m2,质量为120 kg,太阳帆板的长度为8 m,宽度为1 m,厚度为0.01 m,其余参数详见文献[25]。设初始姿态角θx=8°,θy=7°,θz=6°,θs=0°,振动模态初值η1=η2=η3=η4=0;姿态角期望值θrx=θry=θrz=θrs=0°。模糊控制器输入的模糊集合均为{NB、NS、Z、PS、PB},其中NB、NS、Z、PS、PB分别表示负大、负小、零、正小、正大,模糊集合均采用高斯隶属度函数,模糊规则如表1所示。
为验证所设计控制算法的有效性,将基于信息融合的模糊预见控制算法与无模糊调整的信息融合预见控制和传统预见控制[30]进行比较。仿真结果如图2~图4所示,在传统预见控制策略下,姿态角分别在59、98、85、75 s达到期望值,控制过程中最大控制力矩达到31.62 Nm,振动模态至200 s时还未趋于0;在无模糊的信息融合预见控制下,姿态角在52、70、65、48 s达到期望值,最大控制力矩达到20.09 Nm,振动模态于140 s后均趋于0;而在基于信息融合的模糊预见控制作用下,姿态角分别于50、60、60、42 s达到期望值,控制过程中最大控制力矩为13.60 Nm,振动模态在110 s后均趋于0,控制效果最好。
在实际工程中,由于燃料的消耗,太阳能电池帆板的收缩和伸展等原因会引起航天器的转动惯量等参数发生变化,影响姿态系统的控制精度。在此将航天器转动惯量增加和减少20%,对大挠性航天器姿态控制系统进行仿真,以检验所设计控制器的鲁棒性。
当转动惯量增加20%时仿真结果如图5~图7所示。传统预见控制算法分别在70、130、85、84 s使姿态角达到稳定,控制过程中最大控制力矩达到31.62 Nm,挠性振动模态在200 s时未趋于0;无模糊的预见控制策略使航天器姿态分别在57、73、65、50 s达到期望值,在控制过程中最大控制力矩为20.11 Nm,挠性振动模态在170 s后均趋于0;而在基于信息融合的模糊预见策略下,姿态角分别于54、60、62、46 s达到稳定,在控制过程中最大控制力矩为13.61 Nm,挠性振动模态在140 s后均趋于0,控制效果更优。
当转动惯量减少20%时的结果与增加20%时相似,限于篇幅,此处未将仿真结果列出。
由以上仿真结果可知,传统预见控制可使航天器姿态角达到期望值,但姿态角响应时间较长,挠性模态很难快速衰减。基于信息融合的预见控制策略通过融合系统动态信息和理想控制策略等多源信息,能更有效利用未来信息,故仿真中姿态角能较快地达到期望值,具有良好的动态特性,但在控制过程中控制力矩幅值较大,所激发的挠性振动模态也较大。而所设计的控制算法采用模糊控制在线调整控制律的相关参数,使控制量满足受限要求,所激发的挠性振动模态较小,故仿真中振动模态收敛时间短,姿态角能快速达到期望值,具有较好的动态性能。转动惯量发生变化时,所设计的姿态控制系统的控制性能也基本保持不变。
针对带有大挠性附件的航天器,设计了基于信息融合的模糊预见姿态控制律,通过融合期望轨迹信息以及理想控制策略等信息,根据信息融合理论推导出大挠性航天器的信息融合预见姿态控制律,改善了系统的控制性能。考虑到在实际工程中执行机构存在输出力矩受限的问题,采用了模糊逻辑对控制律的参数在线进行调整,使控制量满足受限要求。仿真结果表明,所设计的控制算法可使挠性附件的振动模态较快衰减,航天器姿态能快速达到期望指令,具有较好的动态性能。
  • 国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(11732005)
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(12372004)
参考文献 引证文献
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2025年第42卷第6期
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doi: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.06.004
  • 接收时间:2024-05-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-12-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-27
基金
国家自然科学基金重点资助项目(11732005)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(12372004)
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    北京信息科技大学自动化学院,100192 北京

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管萍,教授。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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