Article(id=1244316351792267420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, issueId=1244316342938087728, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16285/j.rsm.2024.1578, pmid=null, cstr=32223.14.j.rsm.2024.1578, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734796800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-22, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1749139200000, acceptedDateStr=2025-06-06, onlineDate=1774597736547, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1763049600000, pubDateStr=2025-11-14, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774597736547, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774597736547, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774597736547, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244316342938087728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='3329', pageEnd='3672', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774597734436, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774597825220, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244316723801862468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, issueId=1244316342938087728, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244316723806056773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, issueId=1244316342938087728, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3421, endPage=3430, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244316352152977574, articleId=1244316351792267420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, language=EN, title=Evolution of anisotropic mechanical properties and damage model of sandstone under unidirectional freeze-thaw action, columnId=1244316343936332083, journalTitle=Rock and Soil Mechanics, columnName=Fundamental Theory and Experimental Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Current research on rock freeze-thaw damage mainly focuses on uniform freeze-thaw tests. However, the situation of unidirectional freeze-thaw action is widely present in cold region engineering, and there is a lack of sufficient understanding of the evolution of mechanical properties and damage models under unidirectional freeze-thaw conditions. Therefore, this study selected sandstone as the research object and conducted unidirectional freeze-thaw cycle tests and uniaxial compression tests. The elastic modulus, uniaxial compressive strength, stress-strain curves, and failure modes under uniaxial compression were analyzed for sandstone samples parallel and perpendicular to the freeze-thaw direction after undergoing freeze-thaw cycles. The results indicate that, following unidirectional freeze-thaw action, the compressive strength of sandstone parallel to the freeze-thaw direction is greater than that perpendicular to it, while the elastic modulus parallel to the freeze-thaw direction is smaller than that in the perpendicular direction. Both the peak stress and strain in the parallel direction are higher than those in the perpendicular direction. In uniaxial compression tests, the failure mode of sandstone parallel to the freeze-thaw direction remains consistent with that of samples that have not undergone freeze-thaw action, exhibiting X-shaped shear failure, whereas the failure mode perpendicular to the freeze-thaw direction manifests as splitting along the loading direction. Under unidirectional freeze-thaw action, the mechanical properties of sandstone transition from isotropy to anisotropy. Based on the aforementioned experimental observations, an anisotropic coefficient for unidirectional freeze-thaw was introduced, and a damage model for sandstone under unidirectional freeze-thaw conditions was established. The model was subsequently validated using experimental data.

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目前研究岩石冻融损伤主要基于各向均匀冻融试验,但寒区工程中单向冻融作用的情况广泛存在。目前,对单向冻融作用下岩石力学特性演化及其损伤模型认识不足。因此,选取砂岩为研究对象,进行单向冻融循环试验及单轴压缩试验,对比分析冻融后砂岩平行和垂直冻融方向的弹性模量、抗压强度、应力-应变曲线、压缩破坏模式,以研究单向冻融作用下岩石力学特性演化。试验发现,单向冻融作用后,砂岩平行冻融方向抗压强度大于垂直冻融方向,平行冻融方向弹性模量小于垂直冻融方向,平行冻融方向的峰值应力和峰值应变均大于垂直冻融方向;砂岩平行冻融方向的单轴压缩破坏模式与未冻融时相同,表现为“X”型压剪破坏,而垂直冻融方向的破坏模式为破坏面沿加载方向的劈裂破坏模式。单向冻融作用下,砂岩力学性质从初始状态的各向同性向各向异性演化。基于上述试验现象,引入单向冻融各向异性系数,建立单向冻融作用下砂岩损伤模型并利用试验数据对模型进行了验证。

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段君义,男,1991年生,博士,讲师,主要从事特殊土力学与岩土工程方面的研究。E-mail:
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吕志涛,男,1990年生,博士,副教授,主要从事岩石力学与地下工程方面的教学和科研工作。E-mail:

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吕志涛,男,1990年生,博士,副教授,主要从事岩石力学与地下工程方面的教学和科研工作。E-mail:

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吕志涛,男,1990年生,博士,副教授,主要从事岩石力学与地下工程方面的教学和科研工作。E-mail:

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Physical and mechanical parameters of sandstone

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砂岩物理力学参数

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单向冻融作用下砂岩力学各向异性演化与损伤模型
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吕志涛 1 , 赵志远 1 , 蔡毅 1 , 夏才初 2 , 段君义 1
岩土力学 | 基础理论与实验研究 2025,46(11): 3421-3430
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岩土力学 | 基础理论与实验研究 2025, 46(11): 3421-3430
单向冻融作用下砂岩力学各向异性演化与损伤模型
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吕志涛1 , 赵志远1, 蔡毅1, 夏才初2, 段君义1
作者信息
  • 1.南昌大学 工程建设学院,江西 南昌 330031
  • 2.宁波大学 岩石力学研究所,浙江 宁波 315211
  • 吕志涛,男,1990年生,博士,副教授,主要从事岩石力学与地下工程方面的教学和科研工作。E-mail:

通讯作者:

段君义,男,1991年生,博士,讲师,主要从事特殊土力学与岩土工程方面的研究。E-mail:
Evolution of anisotropic mechanical properties and damage model of sandstone under unidirectional freeze-thaw action
Zhi-tao LYU1 , Zhi-yuan ZHAO1, Yi CAI1, Cai-chu XIA2, Jun-yi DUAN1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, China
  • 2.Institute of Rock Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
出版时间: 2025-11-14 doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2024.1578
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目前研究岩石冻融损伤主要基于各向均匀冻融试验,但寒区工程中单向冻融作用的情况广泛存在。目前,对单向冻融作用下岩石力学特性演化及其损伤模型认识不足。因此,选取砂岩为研究对象,进行单向冻融循环试验及单轴压缩试验,对比分析冻融后砂岩平行和垂直冻融方向的弹性模量、抗压强度、应力-应变曲线、压缩破坏模式,以研究单向冻融作用下岩石力学特性演化。试验发现,单向冻融作用后,砂岩平行冻融方向抗压强度大于垂直冻融方向,平行冻融方向弹性模量小于垂直冻融方向,平行冻融方向的峰值应力和峰值应变均大于垂直冻融方向;砂岩平行冻融方向的单轴压缩破坏模式与未冻融时相同,表现为“X”型压剪破坏,而垂直冻融方向的破坏模式为破坏面沿加载方向的劈裂破坏模式。单向冻融作用下,砂岩力学性质从初始状态的各向同性向各向异性演化。基于上述试验现象,引入单向冻融各向异性系数,建立单向冻融作用下砂岩损伤模型并利用试验数据对模型进行了验证。

砂岩  /  单向冻融  /  力学特性演化  /  各向异性  /  损伤模型

Current research on rock freeze-thaw damage mainly focuses on uniform freeze-thaw tests. However, the situation of unidirectional freeze-thaw action is widely present in cold region engineering, and there is a lack of sufficient understanding of the evolution of mechanical properties and damage models under unidirectional freeze-thaw conditions. Therefore, this study selected sandstone as the research object and conducted unidirectional freeze-thaw cycle tests and uniaxial compression tests. The elastic modulus, uniaxial compressive strength, stress-strain curves, and failure modes under uniaxial compression were analyzed for sandstone samples parallel and perpendicular to the freeze-thaw direction after undergoing freeze-thaw cycles. The results indicate that, following unidirectional freeze-thaw action, the compressive strength of sandstone parallel to the freeze-thaw direction is greater than that perpendicular to it, while the elastic modulus parallel to the freeze-thaw direction is smaller than that in the perpendicular direction. Both the peak stress and strain in the parallel direction are higher than those in the perpendicular direction. In uniaxial compression tests, the failure mode of sandstone parallel to the freeze-thaw direction remains consistent with that of samples that have not undergone freeze-thaw action, exhibiting X-shaped shear failure, whereas the failure mode perpendicular to the freeze-thaw direction manifests as splitting along the loading direction. Under unidirectional freeze-thaw action, the mechanical properties of sandstone transition from isotropy to anisotropy. Based on the aforementioned experimental observations, an anisotropic coefficient for unidirectional freeze-thaw was introduced, and a damage model for sandstone under unidirectional freeze-thaw conditions was established. The model was subsequently validated using experimental data.

sandstone  /  unidirectional freeze-thaw  /  mechanical characteristics evolution  /  anisotropy  /  damage model
吕志涛, 赵志远, 蔡毅, 夏才初, 段君义. 单向冻融作用下砂岩力学各向异性演化与损伤模型. 岩土力学, 2025 , 46 (11) : 3421 -3430 . DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2024.1578
Zhi-tao LYU, Zhi-yuan ZHAO, Yi CAI, Cai-chu XIA, Jun-yi DUAN. Evolution of anisotropic mechanical properties and damage model of sandstone under unidirectional freeze-thaw action[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2025 , 46 (11) : 3421 -3430 . DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2024.1578
随着国家“一带一路”倡议和“加快建设交通强国”政策的推动,我国寒区基础交通设施建设飞速发展,修建了大量寒区隧道。然而与此同时,寒区冻融环境作用下隧道围岩冻胀和冻融劣化导致的隧道冻害也日益凸显[1-2]
寒区冻融环境对岩石的影响,实质上是反复冻胀应力作用下的疲劳损伤演化过程[3]。在岩石冻融损伤的试验研究方面,最初从质量损失、波速变化角度分析岩石冻融劣化[4-5],发现冻融循环引起的岩石质量损失较小[6],岩石纵波波速随冻融循环次数增加而降低[7]。抗压强度、弹性模量等力学参数也被引入试验研究以量化冻融循环引起的岩石力学性质变化[8-9]。Bayram[10]进行了石灰岩冻融循环试验以研究单轴抗压强度的冻融损失。高峰等[11]利用经历冻融循环后岩样的三轴压缩试验,研究了岩石脆性劣化随冻融次数和围压的演化。万亿[12]、宋勇军[13]等分别研究了不同含水率岩样冻融过程中的孔隙发育和损伤演化。吕志涛等[14]基于循环冻融试验,研究砂岩多周期累计冻融变形特性。
在理论分析方面,岩石冻融损伤模型是定量预测岩石冻融劣化的重要途径[15-16]。因此,基于热力学、损伤力学、断裂力学等建立岩石冻融损伤模型成为关注的焦点[17-18]。袁超等[19]基于损伤力学理论,结合Drucker-Prager(D-P)准则,建立了反映冻融岩石全变形阶段的损伤本构模型。Huang等[20]基于Weibull分布和最大拉应变屈服准则建立了冻融-荷载作用下的统计损伤本构模型。杨涛等[21]根据损伤演化特征曲线,基于高斯函数变化特征,构建了冻融循环作用下砂岩的损伤本构模型。Meng等[22]建立了考虑孔径分布比例的岩石冻融损伤模型。王震等[23]基于内状态变量理论,在热力学框架下建立了一个岩石力-热-水耦合本构模型。候超等[24]基于统计损伤力学理论结合最大拉应变破坏准则,建立了冻融和荷载耦合作用的岩石损伤模型。肖鹏等[25]建立了冻融与围压耦合作用下岩石的损伤演化方程及细观损伤本构模型,贾朝军等[26]建立了基于不可逆体积膨胀理论和离散元的岩石冻融损伤模型。
然而,以往关于岩石冻融损伤的研究普遍在各向均匀冻融条件下进行,岩石冻融过程中各方向温度梯度基本相等。但是实际寒区工程中广泛存在围岩经受单向冻融条件,工程中通常表现为仅在某个方向存在温度梯度,与这个方向垂直的面上温度梯度为0或基本可以忽略[27-28]。如寒区隧道围岩冻融过程中,围岩热传导过程中温度梯度方向主要为隧道径向,沿隧道纵向和环向的温度梯度较小可忽略,可见寒区隧道围岩实际承受沿隧道径向的单向冻融循环作用[29-30]。单向冻融作用下,岩石沿不同方向的冻胀变形存在显著差异[31],说明单向冻融过程中岩石内部孔隙冰结晶具有方向性[32]。试验发现,单向冻融作用下岩石内宏观裂隙发育与冻融方向相关[33-34]。Lü等[35]试验研究表明,单向冻融条件岩石微观结构演化也具有方向性。然而,目前对单向冻融作用下岩石的力学特性演化特征及其损伤模型,认识仍不深入。
因此,本文以红砂岩为研究对象,开展了单向冻融循环试验和单轴压缩试验,分析单向冻融作用下沿平行和垂直冻融方向力学特性演化;然后,引入单向冻融各向异性系数,建立单向冻融作用下砂岩损伤模型并验证。
选用试样(长×宽×高)为70 mm×70 mm×70 mm的红砂岩,试样材质均匀,表面平整。通过各项基础试验测得砂岩物理力学参数,如表1所示。在利用单轴压缩试验测量岩样力学参数时,红砂岩沿随机方向进行压缩,所得弹性模量、抗压强度基本相等;波速测试时,沿不同方向波速也基本相等。这些现象都表明,所选用的砂岩试样在冻融循环试验前的初始状态下表现为各向同性力学特性。
为研究单向冻融条件岩石的力学特性演化,对红砂岩进行了单向冻融循环试验和单轴压缩试验。主要试验流程如图1所示。冻融试验时,首先采用图1所示的真空饱和装置对砂岩试样进行饱和处理,并在饱和试样表面包裹保鲜膜,以减小冻融循环过程中的水分蒸发。为实现单向冻融条件,使用两层厚度为1.5 cm的隔热保温棉对试样进行包裹(见图1),只留出一个面与外界进行热量交换,将试件放入冻融循环试验箱进行试验,则可控制冻融方向垂直于热交换面,如图1所示。
此外,在冻融循环过程中,砂岩试样每10次冻融循环后,将试样取出,重新饱和后按前述方法进行下10个冻融循环试验,直至达到预定冻融循环次数。冻融循环试验中,试验箱的冻融温度区间设置为−20 ℃~20 ℃,试验箱温降和升温速率均为2 ℃/min。一个冻融循环时间设置为12 h,其中冻结阶段和融化阶段各6 h。随机选取一个岩样,沿冻融方向在试样侧面1.5、3.5、5.5 cm高度处,分别钻深1 cm小孔,并将温度传感器埋入其中,监测岩样不同位置温度变化。单个冻融周期岩样的温度变化曲线如图1所示,冻结过程中,岩样上部、中部、下部位置依次冻结,最终整体稳定于−20 ℃;融化阶段,岩样上部、中部、下部位置依次融化,最终稳定于20 ℃。因此,实现了岩样单向冻融条件,且设定12 h的冻融循环周期,岩石内部温度可以达到并稳定在冻结和融化温度。设定10个冻融循环为一组冻融循环试验,一组时长总计为120 h。根据岩样的损伤情况和测量物理力学性质的需要设定岩样的总循环次数。
在开展单向冻融试验时,根据冻融循环次数不同,试样分为5组,分别为0(即未冻融)、60、90、120、150次循环组。在开展单向压缩试验时,未冻融组沿随机方向进行单轴压缩,60、90、120、150次冻融循环组每组分平行和垂直于冻融方向加载两种情况(见图1),以对比分析岩石平行于和垂直于冻融方向的抗压强度、弹性模量、应力应变曲线、破坏模式等力学性质,探究岩石单向冻融变形作用下力学特性演化。
图2为单向冻融循环作用下红砂岩平行和垂直冻融方向单轴抗压强度对比。在0~150次冻融循环过程中,平行冻融方向强度从66.02 MPa降低至44.46 MPa,降低了21.56 MPa,降幅为32.66%;而垂直冻融方向强度从66.02 MPa降低至31.37 MPa,降低了34.65 MPa,降幅为52.48%。尽管平行和垂直冻融方向抗压强度都随着冻融循环次数的增加逐渐降低,但在冻融循环次数相同时,平行冻融方向的抗压强度大于垂直冻融方向。
图3为单向冻融条件下红砂岩平行和垂直冻融方向弹性模量对比。两个方向的弹性模量都随着冻融循环次数的增加逐渐降低。150次冻融循环后,红砂岩平行冻融方向弹性模量从6.40 GPa降低至2.61 GPa,降低了3.79 GPa,整体降幅为59.22%。垂直冻融方向弹性模量从6.40 GPa降低至3.14 GPa,降低了3.26 GPa,整体降幅为50.94%。当冻融循环次数相同时,平行冻融方向的弹性模量小于垂直冻融方向,这与抗压强度相反。
图4是单向冻融条件下不同循环次数红砂岩平行和垂直冻融方向应力-应变曲线对比图,图中未冻融曲线为未经历冻融作用岩石的应力-应变曲线。由图4(a)可见,经历60次冻融循环过程中,平行和垂直冻融方向的峰值应力小幅降低,而峰值应变小幅增大。由图4(b)可见,90次冻融循环后,峰值应力大幅下降,应变也不断增大,平行冻融方向的峰值应力大于垂直冻融方向,同时峰值应变也大于垂直冻融方向。由图4(c)、4(d)可见,120次循环后,平行冻融方向的峰值应力和峰值应变与垂直冻融方向的差值进一步增大。经历150次冻融循环后,平行冻融方向峰值应力降幅为32.66%,峰值应变从未冻融时的0.98%增大至1.76%,增幅为79.59%;而垂直冻融方向峰值应力降幅为52.48%,峰值应变从未冻融时的0.98%增大至1.37%,增幅为39.80%。平行和垂直于冻融方向岩石均表现为强度降低,延性提高,但平行冻融方向的峰值应变显著大于垂直冻融方向。
图5为未冻融红砂岩单轴压缩破坏形态。图67分别为60次、150次单向冻融循环作用后沿平行和垂直冻融方向加载时红砂岩单轴压缩破坏形态。由图5可见,未冻融岩样单轴压缩破坏模式为具有倾斜破裂面的典型“X”型压剪破坏形态。
图67可见,经历60、150次单向冻融循环后,沿平行冻融方向加载试样压缩破坏模式均仍呈“X”型压剪破坏,而垂直冻融方向压缩的试样破坏模式均为平行压缩方向的劈裂破坏,劈裂面与单轴压缩的加载方向一致。
综合分析单向冻融条件下砂岩力学特性演化可见,平行冻融方向的强度大于垂直冻融强度,平行冻融方向的弹性模量小于垂直冻融方向,平行冻融方向的压缩破裂模式为“X”型压剪破坏,垂直冻融方向的压缩破裂模式为劈裂破坏。
单向冻融作用下,温度梯度方向沿着岩样冻融方向,在冻结区与未冻区之间的冻结缘处会出现垂直于冻融方向的冻结锋面,如图8所示。冻结缘处孔隙水冻结膨胀产生孔隙冰压力,冻结锋面上的孔隙冰压力合力方向为大致平行冻融方向,则在单向冻融反复作用下逐渐在冻结缘处形成垂直冻融方向的微裂隙(见图8)。
当沿平行冻融方向压缩时,微裂隙被压密,其对强度的影响被抑制,却导致岩石变形增大;而沿垂直冻融方向压缩时,微裂隙平行压缩方向,不会被压密,其对强度的影响更显著,对岩石变形影响较小。因此,平行冻融方向的抗压强度大于垂直冻融方向,而平行冻融方向的弹性模量小于垂直冻融方向,如图8所示。图中,E//σc//分别为平行冻融方向的弹性模量和抗压强度,Eσc⊥分别为垂直冻融方向的弹性模量和抗压强度。
此外,沿平行冻融方向压缩时,微裂隙长度方向垂直压缩方向,在压缩加载时冻融裂隙尖端产生应力集中,并形成压剪裂纹,压剪裂纹在岩石内部整体呈“X”型,所以平行冻融方向压缩时的破坏模式主要为“X”型压剪破坏。当沿垂直冻融方向压缩时,微裂隙长度方向平行压缩方向,在压缩加载作用下,微裂隙尖端形成平行压缩方向的劈裂裂纹,并逐渐贯通破坏。因此,垂直冻融方向压缩的破坏模式主要呈竖直的劈裂破坏。
单向冻融循环作用后岩石内微裂隙分布的方向性导致岩石平行冻融方向的力学性质与垂直冻融方向的力学性质存在显著差异。单向冻融循环作用下,砂岩从冻融前的力学各向同性演化为力学各向异性,如图8所示。
基于Lemaitre提出的应变等价性原理,岩石的损伤应力-应变关系可以表示为[36]
式中:σ为应力;ε为应变;E0为初始状态下的弹性模量;D为损伤变量。
n次冻融损伤变量Dn可以表示为[36]
式中:En为经历n次冻融循环后的弹性模量。
由于岩石内部的微观孔隙和裂隙是随机分布的,所以构成岩石的微观单元也是随机分布的。假设岩石的微单元强度分布满足Weibull分布,则微单元强度的概率密度函数为[37]
式中:P()为概率密度函数;为微单元强度变量;mf0为分布参数。
经历冻融循环后,岩石单轴压缩受荷。定义受荷损伤变量Dl是受损单元Nf的数量和总单元N的数量之比[37]
区间内的受损单元数量:
将式(5)代入到式(4)中,得到
假设微单元强度变量满足最大拉伸应变屈服准则,该准则可以表示为
将式(7)代入到式(6)中,得到
一般认为冻融-荷载作用下岩石损伤状态分为两种[38],第1种损伤状态为岩石经历冻融循环作用后的损伤,第2种损伤状态为岩石经历冻融循环作用后加载受荷引起的总损伤。所以将岩石的总损伤变量Dm表示为[36]
将式(9)代入到式(1)中,得到
由式(10)可见,分布参数mf0和应力、应变、弹性模量之间存在关系,应力σ可以用mf0来表示。同时,分布参数mf0也可以用岩石的力学参数来表示。
单向冻融条件下岩石平行和垂直冻融方向力学性质存在显著差异。所以在建立损伤模型时,分两步进行。
第1步,岩石平行冻融方向采用式(10)定义的损伤方程,可得
式中:σ//ε//分别为平行冻融方向应力和应变;为平行冻融方向的弹性模量;m//为平行冻融方向的模型参数。
对于岩石垂直冻融方向的损伤模型,引入单向冻融各向异性系数η,用来表示和平行冻融方向的区别,η定义为
式中:分别为平行和垂直冻融方向的峰值应力。
同时,对于平行冻融方向的弹性模量和垂直冻融方向的弹性模量也使用η将两者联系起来:
式中:为垂直冻融方向的弹性模量。
根据式(13)中平行和垂直冻融方向的弹性模量关系可知,垂直冻融方向的弹性模量为
根据平行冻融方向和垂直冻融方向弹性模量的关系,垂直冻融方向的损伤模型可表示为
式中:σε分别为垂直冻融方向应力与应变;f0m为垂直冻融方向的模型参数。
损伤模型建立的关键是确定Weibull分布参数mf0,在确定Weibull分布参数过程中,一般采用峰值法,即根据应力-应变曲线上的峰值应力和峰值应变关系来建立方程。
设应力-应变曲线的峰值应力为σp,峰值应变为εp,那么在岩石的应力-应变曲线上σpεp应有如下关系:
式中:σ1为任意一点应力;ε1σ1对应的应变。
即当ε1=εp时,得到
在峰值点处的应力-应变关系为
将式(18)代入(17)得到
式(19)、(20)分别是Weibull分布参数mf0与应力-应变曲线上的力学参数之间的表达式。Weibull分布参数mf0在平行和垂直冻融方向也存在差异,因此计算时需对两个分布参数表达式中的弹性模量、峰值应力、峰值应变也按方向分别进行确定。
根据损伤模型方程式(11)、(15)可计算出岩石在冻融循环作用后经历单轴压缩试验的损伤模型理论曲线。将模型理论曲线与第3节中应力-应变曲线的试验数据进行对比验证。
通过式(11)得到的应力-应变计算曲线与红砂岩平行冻融方向的试验曲线进行对比验证。图9为红砂岩单向冻融循环作用下平行冻融方向的试验曲线和计算曲线对比图,在60、90、120、150次循环条件下,可以发现理论曲线和试验曲线吻合较好。
利用式(15)对垂直冻融方向的应力-应变曲线进行计算并与红砂岩垂直冻融方向的试验曲线进行对比验证。图10为经历单向冻融作用后的红砂岩垂直冻融方向试验数据和理论数据对比图。可以发现试验曲线和计算曲线同样比较吻合。因此,由图910可见,建立的损伤模型能够较好地反映红砂岩在单向冻融作用后沿不同方向单轴压缩条件下的力学性质。
本文对红砂岩进行了单向冻融循环试验和单轴压缩试验,通过对比分析平行和垂直冻融方向砂岩力学性质的差异,研究了单向冻融作用下砂岩力学特性演化,并建立了单向冻融作用下砂岩损伤模型。得到以下主要结论:
(1)单向冻融循环作用下,红砂岩表现为平行冻融方向抗压强度大于垂直冻融方向,平行冻融方向弹性模量小于垂直冻融方向。尽管平行和垂直冻融方向应力-应变曲线均表现为峰值应力逐渐降低,峰值应变逐渐增加,但冻融次数相同时,平行冻融方向的峰值应力和峰值应变均显著大于垂直冻融方向。单向冻融循环作用后,砂岩从冻融前的力学各向同性演化为力学各向异性。
(2)单向冻融作用后,砂岩平行冻融方向的压缩破坏模式表现为“X”型的压剪破坏模式,与未冻融砂岩相同,而垂直冻融方向的压缩破坏模式为破坏面沿加载方向的劈裂破坏。
(3)基于Weibull微单元强度分布和最大拉伸应变屈服准则,引入单向冻融各向异性系数η以表征平行和垂直冻融方向的力学性质差异,建立了单向冻融循环作用下砂岩损伤模型。将平行和垂直冻融方向损伤模型计算数据与试验数据进行对比,验证了损伤模型的合理性。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52108370)
  • 江西省自然科学基金项目(20212BAB214062; 20224BAB204061; 20243BCE51121)
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2025年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2024.1578
  • 接收时间:2024-12-22
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-11-14
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-22
  • 录用日期:2025-06-06
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52108370)
国家自然科学基金项目(52108370)
Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20212BAB214062; 20224BAB204061; 20243BCE51121)
江西省自然科学基金项目(20212BAB214062; 20224BAB204061; 20243BCE51121)
作者信息
    1.南昌大学 工程建设学院,江西 南昌 330031
    2.宁波大学 岩石力学研究所,浙江 宁波 315211

通讯作者:

段君义,男,1991年生,博士,讲师,主要从事特殊土力学与岩土工程方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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