Article(id=1244316347119812678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, issueId=1244316342938087728, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16285/j.rsm.2025.0478, pmid=null, cstr=32223.14.j.rsm.2025.0478, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746979200000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1755446400000, acceptedDateStr=2025-08-18, onlineDate=1774597735432, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1763049600000, pubDateStr=2025-11-14, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774597735432, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774597735432, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774597735432, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244316342938087728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='3329', pageEnd='3672', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774597734436, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774597825220, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244316723801862468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, issueId=1244316342938087728, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244316723806056773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, issueId=1244316342938087728, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3371, endPage=3382, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244316347409219661, articleId=1244316347119812678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, language=EN, title=Analysis of the horizontal vibration of an end-bearing pile embedded in a transversely isotropic soil, columnId=1244316343936332083, journalTitle=Rock and Soil Mechanics, columnName=Fundamental Theory and Experimental Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the dynamic theory of elastic media, the horizontal vibration of end-bearing piles embedded in a transversely isotropic soil is studied via an analytical scheme. By introducing displacement potential functions, the governing equations of the soil are decoupled, and the general solutions for the displacement and stress fields around the pile are derived using the method of separation of variables. Applying the continuity conditions at the pile–soil interface, the horizontal complex impedance of the surrounding soil is incorporated into the motion equation of the pile, leading to analytical solutions for the displacement, rotation angle, bending moment, and shear force of the pile. In addition, explicit expressions for the horizontal, rocking, and coupled horizontal–rocking dynamic impedances at the pile head are derived. Comparison with existing theoretical solutions confirms the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. Furthermore, the influence of soil anisotropy parameters on the horizontal vibration characteristics of the pile is systematically analyzed. The results indicate that the anisotropic modulus ratio has a significant impact on the dynamic impedance at the pile head, as well as on the distribution of horizontal displacement, rotation angle, bending moment, and shear force along the pile depth.

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基于弹性介质动力学理论,采用解析的方法研究了横观各向同性土体中端承桩的水平振动响应问题。通过引入位移势函数,对土体控制方程进行解耦,并运用分离变量法推导出桩周土体位移与应力的通解。结合桩-土界面的连续条件,将桩周土对桩身的水平复阻抗代入桩的运动方程,进而获得桩身位移、转角、弯矩和剪力的解析解,同时推导了桩顶水平、摇摆和水平-摇摆动力复阻抗的表达式。通过与已有理论解的对比,验证了提出解的可靠性与准确性。在此基础上,系统分析了土体各向异性力学参数对桩水平振动特性的影响。结果表明,各向异性模量比对桩顶动力复阻抗以及桩身水平位移、转角、弯矩和剪力沿深度分布均具有显著影响。

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吴文兵,男,1988年生,博士,教授,主要从事粧基动力学理论与桩基沉降计算理论等相关研究工作。E-mail:
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张智卿,男,1982年生,博士,教授,主要从事桩-土相互作用、地震工程方面的研究。E-mail:

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张智卿,男,1982年生,博士,教授,主要从事桩-土相互作用、地震工程方面的研究。E-mail:

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Journal of Tongji University, 2003, 31(2): 127-131., articleTitle=Dynamic impedances of double piles in transversely isotropic layered media, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1244316387137667597, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, articleId=1244316347119812678, awardId=52178367; 52478370; 52078465, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52178367; 52478370; 52078465), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1244316387225747983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, articleId=1244316347119812678, awardId=52178367; 52478370; 52078465, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金(52178367; 52478370; 52078465), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1244316378455458060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, articleId=1244316347119812678, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1244316378463846669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, 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articleId=1244316347119812678, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同各向异性模量比和激振频率情况下桩周土体顶部侧向位移的等值线图, figureFileSmall=ox4mGPC9IG2IRmbfOzFTMA==, figureFileBig=MctACfDmVW5Mzajf7Naifw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1244316386873426442, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, articleId=1244316347119812678, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Verification of the convergency of series-form solutions

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n/a0
n=2 n=5 n=10 n=20 n=500
0.17.658 08.043 28.046 38.046 38.046 3
0.510.305 710.918 810.922 210.922 310.922 3
1.012.630 713.351 213.354 813.354 913.354 9
1.514.610 915.517 015.516 115.516 215.516 2
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级数形式解收敛性验证

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0.17.658 08.043 28.046 38.046 38.046 3
0.510.305 710.918 810.922 210.922 310.922 3
1.012.630 713.351 213.354 813.354 913.354 9
1.514.610 915.517 015.516 115.516 215.516 2
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横观各向同性土体中端承桩水平振动特性分析
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张智卿 1 , 刘鑫 2 , 刘开富 3 , 吴君涛 4 , 吴文兵 5
岩土力学 | 基础理论与实验研究 2025,46(11): 3371-3382
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岩土力学 | 基础理论与实验研究 2025, 46(11): 3371-3382
横观各向同性土体中端承桩水平振动特性分析
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张智卿1 , 刘鑫2, 刘开富3, 吴君涛4, 吴文兵5
作者信息
  • 1.温州理工学院 建筑与能源工程学院,浙江 温州 325035
  • 2.中国地质大学 海洋学院,湖北 武汉 430074
  • 3.浙江理工大学 建筑工程学院,浙江 杭州 310018
  • 4.浙江大学 建筑工程学院,浙江 杭州 310058
  • 5.中国地质大学 工程学院,湖北 武汉 430074
  • 张智卿,男,1982年生,博士,教授,主要从事桩-土相互作用、地震工程方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

吴文兵,男,1988年生,博士,教授,主要从事粧基动力学理论与桩基沉降计算理论等相关研究工作。E-mail:
Analysis of the horizontal vibration of an end-bearing pile embedded in a transversely isotropic soil
Zhi-qing ZHANG1 , Xin LIU2, Kai-fu LIU3, Jun-tao WU4, Wen-bing WU5
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Architecture and Energy Engineering, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
  • 2.College of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
  • 3.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, China
  • 4.College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
  • 5.Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
出版时间: 2025-11-14 doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2025.0478
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基于弹性介质动力学理论,采用解析的方法研究了横观各向同性土体中端承桩的水平振动响应问题。通过引入位移势函数,对土体控制方程进行解耦,并运用分离变量法推导出桩周土体位移与应力的通解。结合桩-土界面的连续条件,将桩周土对桩身的水平复阻抗代入桩的运动方程,进而获得桩身位移、转角、弯矩和剪力的解析解,同时推导了桩顶水平、摇摆和水平-摇摆动力复阻抗的表达式。通过与已有理论解的对比,验证了提出解的可靠性与准确性。在此基础上,系统分析了土体各向异性力学参数对桩水平振动特性的影响。结果表明,各向异性模量比对桩顶动力复阻抗以及桩身水平位移、转角、弯矩和剪力沿深度分布均具有显著影响。

桩  /  横观各向同性土体  /  水平振动  /  解析解

Based on the dynamic theory of elastic media, the horizontal vibration of end-bearing piles embedded in a transversely isotropic soil is studied via an analytical scheme. By introducing displacement potential functions, the governing equations of the soil are decoupled, and the general solutions for the displacement and stress fields around the pile are derived using the method of separation of variables. Applying the continuity conditions at the pile–soil interface, the horizontal complex impedance of the surrounding soil is incorporated into the motion equation of the pile, leading to analytical solutions for the displacement, rotation angle, bending moment, and shear force of the pile. In addition, explicit expressions for the horizontal, rocking, and coupled horizontal–rocking dynamic impedances at the pile head are derived. Comparison with existing theoretical solutions confirms the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. Furthermore, the influence of soil anisotropy parameters on the horizontal vibration characteristics of the pile is systematically analyzed. The results indicate that the anisotropic modulus ratio has a significant impact on the dynamic impedance at the pile head, as well as on the distribution of horizontal displacement, rotation angle, bending moment, and shear force along the pile depth.

pile  /  transversely isotropic soil  /  horizontal vibration  /  analytical solution
张智卿, 刘鑫, 刘开富, 吴君涛, 吴文兵. 横观各向同性土体中端承桩水平振动特性分析. 岩土力学, 2025 , 46 (11) : 3371 -3382 . DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2025.0478
Zhi-qing ZHANG, Xin LIU, Kai-fu LIU, Jun-tao WU, Wen-bing WU. Analysis of the horizontal vibration of an end-bearing pile embedded in a transversely isotropic soil[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2025 , 46 (11) : 3371 -3382 . DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2025.0478
桩基作为一种重要的深基础形式,广泛应用于桥梁、高层建筑、海上平台、风电场等各类工程项目。在服役过程中,桩基不仅承受静荷载,还不可避免地受到多种外部动力荷载的作用,诸如地震引起的上部结构惯性力、持续风荷载以及水流冲刷等,这些荷载导致桩基产生水平振动现象。因此,系统研究桩基在水平动力荷载作用下的振动特性具有重要的理论意义和工程应用价值[1-3]
迄今为止,国内外学者已提出多种理论方法,对桩基的水平振动问题开展了系统研究。由于Winkler地基模型计算简便、便于获得解析解的优点,被广泛应用于均质及层状地基中桩-土动力相互作用问题的分析中[4-7]。然而,Winkler地基模型弹簧和阻尼系数难以精确确定,为克服该局限,学者们逐步将土体视为三维连续单相介质,围绕桩的水平动力响应问题开展了大量研究。Novak等[8]基于三维弹性介质动力学理论,推导了在水平简谐荷载作用下桩的振动解析解,并分析了桩土特征参数对桩顶动力复阻抗的影响。郑长杰等[9]将管桩视作Euler-Bernoulli梁,采用解析方法研究了黏弹性土体中端承管桩的水平振动特性。付鹏[10]与林浩[11]等进一步考虑上覆海水的影响,分别给出了实心桩和管桩在该情形下水平动力响应的解析解。Zheng等[12]探讨了黏弹性地基中端承桩的水平振动及其地震响应特性。Zheng等[13]基于虚土桩方法,研究了黏弹性土体中浮承桩的水平振动行为。Lin等[14]采用修正的Tajimi模型,给出了层状土体中浮承桩的水平振动问题的严格解。梁志孟等[15]针对部分埋入管桩,推导了其水平振动响应的解析解。Wang等[16]通过严格求解获得了部分埋置桩在水平振动和地震作用下的解析解,并在此基础上提出了简化的弹簧-阻尼计算模型。近年来,学者们还系统地分析了饱和土体中端承桩、浮承桩以及非饱和土体中端承桩的水平振动特性[17-24]。此外,辛宇等[25]将地基土体简化为Pasternak双参数模型,建立了层桩地基中桩-土水平动力相互作用的简化分析方法。
综上所述,现有研究大多将土体视为各向同性介质。然而,由于长期的沉积作用,土体往往表现出显著的各向异性特性[26]。在以往研究中,学者们发现土体各向异性对桩的纵向及扭转动力响应具有显著的影响[27-29]。此外,艾智勇等[1]采用有限元和间接边界元耦合法,研究了层状横观各向同性土体中群桩的水平振动特性。陈镕等[30]利用格林函数,研究了层状横观各向同性地基中双桩的横向动力响应问题。迄今为止,采用解析方法研究横观各向同性土体中桩基水平振动特性的相关工作仍较为有限。因此,本文将土体视为横观各向同性材料,采用Euler-Bernoulli梁理论模拟桩体,建立桩与横观各向同性土体之间的水平动力相互作用理论模型。通过引入势函数并运用分离变量法,在频域内求解得到土体位移、应力以及桩身物理量的解析解,并与现有精确解进行对比,验证所得解的准确性与可靠性。结合参数分析,系统探讨了土体各向异性参数对桩-土系统水平振动特性的影响。
图1所示,本文研究埋置于横观各向同性弹性土体中端承桩的水平振动响应问题。桩顶受到水平方向简谐荷载Pxeiωt和力矩Myeiωt的作用。图中,H为桩长,r0为半径,PxMy分别为施加的水平力和力矩的幅值,i=(−1)0.5ω为激振圆频率,t为时间变量,EhEv分别为土体水平和竖向杨氏模量,GhGv分别为土体水平和竖向剪切模量,vhvv分别为土体水平和竖向泊松比。为了建立该问题的解析模型,作如下假定:①桩周土体为横观各向同性弹性介质,桩体采用Euler-Bernoulli梁模型;②桩-土系统在水平简谐荷载作用下发生小变形振动,忽略土体竖向位移;③桩-土界面完全连续接触,桩底与周围土体底部均为刚性基底,即桩底的水平位移和转角为0,土体底部的位移为0。
土体的动力平衡方程可以表示为
式中:“∇⋅”为散度算子;σuρ分别为土体的应力张量、位移向量和密度。
为了后续求解方便,将横观各向同性土体的本构关系在柱坐标系下表示为
式中:σijεijij=rθz)分别为应力和应变分量;clklk=1~6)为弹性常数。
应变分量和位移的关系可以表示为
式中:(rθz)为柱坐标系统的3个分量;ur=urrθz)、uθ=uθrθz)和uz=uzrθz)分别表示土体的径向、环向和竖向位移。
弹性常数与工程参数之间的关系可以表示为
为了确保弹性材料应变能为正,相关弹性常数需满足:
忽略土体竖向位移条件,联立式(1)~(3),水平简谐荷载作用下土体的控制方程可以表示为
根据Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,简谐荷载作用下桩的控制方程可以表示为
式中:EpIpApupxz)、ρp分别为桩身的杨氏模量、极惯性矩、横截面面积、水平位移和密度;pz)为作用于单位长度桩身的土体水平抗力。
土体的边界条件可以表示为
桩底边界条件可以表示为
式中:φpz)为桩身z深度位置的转角。
当桩顶仅发生水平位移且转角为0时,其顶部边界条件可以表示为
式中:Qpz)为桩身z深度位置的剪力。
当桩顶仅发生转角且水平位移为0时,其顶部边界条件可以表示为
式中:Mpz)为桩身z深度位置的弯矩。
桩-土界面的连续条件可以表示为
为了求解土体水平振动解,现引入以下标量势函数
式中:ψ1ψ2为引入的两个标量势函数。
将式(16)代入式(6)、(7)中可得
式中:
根据分离变量法,令ψ11r)Θ1θ)℘1z)以及ψ22r)Θ2θ)℘2z),并将其代入式(17)、(18)中可得
式中:KmIm分别为m阶第二类和第一类修正贝塞尔函数;m为正实数;a1a6为待定常数;b1b6为待定常数;qγs为相关系数。其中:
将式(19)、(20)代入边界条件式(9)~(11)中,并结合uruθ关于θ的奇偶性质可得m=1,且有
式中:ψ1nψ2nqnsnγn为相关系数;截断项数n取1,2,3…;dnen为待定常数;K1为一阶第二类修正贝塞尔函数。其中:
将式(22)、(23)代入式(16)、(2)中,可以得到土体位移和应力分量的表达式:
式中:K0为零阶第二类修正贝塞尔函数。
将式(25)、(26)代入桩土连续条件式(14)、(15)中,可得
式中:fn为相关系数,其表达式为
式中:r0为桩身半径。
土体的水平阻抗可以表示为
式中:cn为待定常数;ηn为相关系数,其表达式为
将式(31)代入桩身控制方程式(8)中,可得
为了形式上的简洁,式(33)的通解采用指数形式表示,从而该解可以进一步写为
其中:
联立式(34)、(25)和(14),可得
其中:
利用三角函数的正交性,对式(36)两边乘以cos(γnz),并在桩长范围内积分可得
其中:
将式(38)代入式(34)中,利用桩身转角、剪力、弯矩与桩身水平位移之间的关系,桩身物理量可以写为如下形式:
式中:φpMpQp分别为桩身转角、弯矩和剪力。
对于桩顶发生水平位移且转角为0的情况,将式(40)、(41)、(43)代入边界条件式(11)、(12)中,可以求得待定常数Ai组成的向量A
式中:AF为相关向量。其中,
式中:B为4阶方阵;C为已知常数组成的向量;矩阵B的元素为
式中:i=1,2,3,4。
对于桩顶发生转角且水平位移为0的情况,将式(40)~(42)代入边界条件式(11)、(13)中,可得
式中:相关向量AF的定义与式(45)、(46)的定义相同;矩阵B的元素为
桩顶水平、水平-摇摆、摇摆和摇摆-水平动力复阻抗可以分别定义为
式中:KhhKrhKrrKhr分别为桩顶水平、水平-摇摆、摇摆和摇摆-水平动力复阻抗;根据互等定理可以得知,Krh=Khr
归一化的桩顶水平、摇摆以及水平-摇摆动力复阻抗可以进一步表示为[14]
式中:E0D0为用于归一化的参考杨氏模量和参考桩身直径,其取值为预设的固定常数。
本文推导得到的横观各向同性土体中端承桩的解析解为级数形式,因而级数的收敛性对结果的准确性具有决定性的影响。为此,首先对级数的收敛性进行分析。为便于分析,引入归一化激振频率,定义为a0=ωD0ρ/G00.5,其中G0为参考剪切模量。横观各向同性土体和桩身的计算参数取为:r0=0.5 m,H/r0=30,D0=2r0ρp=2 500 kg/m3ρ=1 800 kg/m3G0=Gh=Gv=10 MPa,vh=vv=0.35,E0=Ev=27 MPa,Eh/Ev=2,Ep/Ev=1 000。表1列出了不同激振频率和级数求和截断项数条件下,归一化桩顶水平动力复阻抗幅值的计算结果。由表可见,当截断项数n=20时,本文解已趋于收敛,其计算结果与n=500的情况完全吻合。通过进一步试算可知,当n=20时,结果已趋于收敛。因此,在后续数值算例分析中,级数项数均取n=20进行计算。
为进一步验证所提出解析解的可靠性与有效性,本文在退化条件下将所得解与各向同性介质中桩的水平振动响应精确解进行对比分析。计算参数设置如下:r0=0.5 m,H/r0=30,D0=2r0ρp=2 500 kg/m3ρ=1 800 kg/m3G0=Gh=Gv=10 MPa,vh=vv=0.35,E0=Ev=27 MPa,Eh/Ev=1,Ep/Ev=100。图2中,桩顶动力复阻抗的实部代表实刚度,虚部代表动阻尼,反映了对能量的耗散作用。由图2可以看出,在不同桩土模量比条件下,桩顶水平、水平-摇摆和摇摆动力复阻抗的实部和虚部与Zheng等[12]的结果非常接近,验证了本文解的正确性。同时由图2还可以观察到,桩顶实刚度在各阶共振频率处(图中箭头所示位置)呈现出显著的降低。此外,存在一个截止频率(a0≈0.1),当激振频率小于该截止频率且不考虑土体材料阻尼作用时,桩顶复阻抗的动阻尼部分为0;当激振频率大于该截止频率时,辐射阻尼开始显著发挥作用。
本节将重点分析土体材料各向异性参数对桩顶水平、摇摆及水平–摇摆耦合动力复阻抗的影响,以及对桩身水平位移、转角、弯矩和剪力等物理量沿深度分布规律的影响。需要指出的是,在分析桩身物理量沿深度的变化时,采用的边界条件为桩顶发生水平位移而转角为0的工况。在数值计算中,为了反映土体的弱阻尼特性,弹性常数cij修正为cij(1+2iβ),其中β为土体的阻尼比。如无特别说明,土体与桩的基本计算参数取为:r0=0.5 m,H/r0=30,D0=2r0ρp=2 500 kg/m3ρ=1 800 kg/m3vh=vv=0.35,G0=10 MPa,E0=Ev=27 MPa,β=0.05;归一化激振频率为a0=ωD0ρ/G00.5,且a0=1时对应的激振频率f=11.86 Hz。对于横观各向同性土体,通常采用两个各向异性模量比(即Eh/EvGv/Ev[27]来反映土体材料各向异性对桩水平动力响应特性的影响。此外,横观各向同性材料的工程参数满足关系Eh=2(1+vhGh,而GvEv为相互独立参数。
图3反映了各向异性模量比Eh/Ev对桩顶水平动力复阻抗的影响。图3中取Gv/Ev=1.0/2.7(约为0.37),当Eh/Ev=1.0时土体为各向同性介质。由图3可以看出,随着Eh/Ev的增大,桩顶水平动力复阻抗的实部和虚部显著上升,表明土体水平杨氏模量的增大能够有效提高桩基抗水平动力荷载的能力。由图3(b)进一步观察可知,在激振频率小于截止频率(即a0<0.1)的范围内,由于土体材料阻尼的存在,动阻尼部分基本保持稳定,近似为常数;随着激振频率进一步的增加,动阻尼逐渐增大,且当频率较高时动阻尼随着Eh/Ev的增加而显著增大。
图4反映了各向异性模量比Eh/Ev对桩顶摇摆动力复阻抗的影响,其中Gv/Ev固定取值为0.37。由图4可见,摇摆动力复阻抗的实部在整个频率范围内远大于其虚部,说明实部在系统响应中起主导作用。此外,桩顶摇摆动力复阻抗的实部随着各向异性模量比Eh/Ev的增加而显著增大。相对而言,虚部的变化趋势较为复杂。
图5反映了各向异性模量比Eh/Ev对桩顶动力水平-摇摆动力复阻抗的影响,其中Gv/Ev固定取值为0.37。由图5可见,随着各向异性模量比Eh/Ev的增加,水平-摇摆动力复阻抗的实部和虚部均显著增大。综合图35分析结果可知,提高土体水平杨氏模量Eh能够有效提升桩基在水平荷载作用下的动力抵抗能力。
图6反映了各向异性模量比Gv/Ev对桩顶动力水平复阻抗的影响。在分析计算中,Eh/Ev固定取值为1.0。当Gv/Ev=1/2.7(约为0.37)时,土体为各向同性介质。由图6可见,当频率较低时,桩顶水平动力复阻抗的实部随着Gv/Ev的增加而显著增大,而虚部变化规律较为复杂。当频率较高时,随着Gv/Ev的增加,水平动力复阻抗实部和虚部分别呈现出增加和减小的趋势。随着Gv/Ev的增加,桩顶动力水平复阻抗对应的共振频率也呈上升趋势。例如,当Gv/Ev从0.3增加至0.6时,共振频率从0.098增长至0.137。这表明土体垂直剪切模量越大,桩-土系统的共振频率越高。与图3对比可知,各向异性模量比Eh/EvGv/Ev影响更为显著。
图7图8分别展示了在Eh/Ev=1条件下,各向异性模量比Gv/Ev对桩顶摇摆和水平-摇摆动力复阻抗的影响。由图78结果可见,当激振频率较低时,桩顶摇摆和水平-摇摆动力复阻抗的实部均随着Gv/Ev的增加而显著增大。当频率较高时,Gv/Ev对桩顶摇摆的影响相对较小,而对水平-摇摆动力复阻抗的影响可基本忽略。此外,随着Gv/Ev的增加,桩顶摇摆和水平-摇摆动力复阻抗对应的共振频率亦表现出明显的增大趋势。综合图68结果可以得出以下结论:提高土体竖向剪切模量Gv在一定程度上有助于提高桩基抵抗水平荷载的能力,并提高了桩-土系统的共振频率。
图9反映了各向异性模量比Eh/Ev对桩身侧向位移、转角、弯矩和剪力幅值沿深度范围分布的影响。在分析计算中,各个物理量取幅值,且归一化的幅值定义为:。计算参数固定取值为a0=0.1和Gv/Ev=1.0/2.7。由图9可见,桩身侧向位移与转角的峰值随着Eh/Ev的增加而显著减小。桩身弯矩和剪力沿深度分布呈现出先减小至较小数值后再出现震荡变化的趋势,且桩身上部区域的弯矩和剪力随Eh/Ev的增加而显著减小,弯矩和剪力达到局部最小值的位置也随Eh/Ev的增加逐渐向桩身下部迁移。这一规律说明,提高土体的水平向杨氏模量不仅有助于桩身抵抗侧向变形和转动的能力,而且还能减小桩身受力。
图10反映了各向异性模量比Gv/Ev对桩身侧向位移、转角、弯矩和剪力沿深度分布的影响。计算参数固定取值为a0=0.1和Eh/Ev=1。由图10可见,桩身的侧向位移和转角随着Gv/Ev的增加而明显减小,桩身上部弯矩与剪力随着Gv/Ev的增加而略微减小。这说明,提高土体竖向剪切模量可以提高桩身抵抗侧向变形和转动的能力,而对桩身上部弯矩和剪力的影响较为有限。
图11反映了不同激振频率作用下各向异性模量比对桩周土体的归一化侧向位移幅值的影响。在分析计算中,图11(a)~11(d)中固定Gv/Ev=1.0/2.7,图11(e)~11(h)中固定Eh/Ev=1,且归一化侧向位移幅值定义如下:。图中白色圆形代表桩体,侧向位移峰值用数值进行了标识。由图11可以看出,土体侧向位移幅值的峰值始终出现在桩体侧面(r=r0θ=0)的位置,且其峰值随着Eh/Ev的增加显著降低。例如,当激振频率较低时(a0=0.1),Eh/Ev从0.5增加至2,从0.365 5降低至0.120 7,降幅约67%;Gv/Ev从0.3增加至0.6时,的峰值显著减小,降幅约17%。当频率较高时(a0=1),的峰值随着Gv/Ev的增加产生了极其微小的增大。此外,沿xy轴方向均向远场衰减,但衰减速率受激振频率影响显著:当激振频率较低时,侧向位移幅值沿y轴衰减更快;当激振频率较高时,近场范围内沿y轴的衰减更快,但在远场沿x轴方向的衰减速率超过y轴,且沿45°对角线方向的衰减更为迅速。
本文采用解析的方法系统研究了横观各向同性弹性土体中端承桩在水平动力荷载作用下的振动响应特性。基于位移势函数与分离变量法,推导得到了桩周土体位移与应力、桩身位移、转角、弯矩和剪力的解析表达式。在此基础上,通过参数分析深入探讨了土体各向异性参数对桩-土系统动力响应的影响规律。具体研究结论如下:
(1)土体各向异性参数对桩顶水平、摇摆和水平-摇摆动力复阻抗具有显著影响。在所研究的频率范围内,随着各向异性模量比Eh/Ev的增加,桩顶水平和水平-摇摆动力复阻抗的实部和虚部均显著增大。桩顶摇摆动力复阻抗的实部随着Eh/Ev的增加而显著增大,且其实部在动力响应中具有主导作用。当频率较低时,桩顶3种动力复阻抗的实部均随着Gv/Ev的增加显著增大,且对应的共振频率也随着Gv/Ev的增加逐渐增大。
(2)土体各向异性参数对桩身物理量沿深度方向的分布具有显著影响。随着Eh/Ev的增加,桩身在整个深度范围内的侧向位移和转角显著减小,桩身上部弯矩和剪力亦显著降低。桩身侧向位移和转角均随着Gv/Ev的增加显著降低,然而Gv/Ev对桩身弯矩和剪力的影响相对较小。
(3)土体各向异性参数对桩周土体顶部侧向位移空间分布具有显著影响。土体侧向位移幅值的峰值始终出现在桩侧位置,且该峰值随Eh/Ev的增加而显著减小。当频率较低时,的峰值随着Gv/Ev的增加显著减小;当频率较高时,Gv/Ev的峰值影响基本可以忽略。
  • 国家自然科学基金(52178367; 52478370; 52078465)
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2025年第46卷第11期
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doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2025.0478
  • 接收时间:2025-05-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-11-14
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-12
  • 录用日期:2025-08-18
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52178367; 52478370; 52078465)
国家自然科学基金(52178367; 52478370; 52078465)
作者信息
    1.温州理工学院 建筑与能源工程学院,浙江 温州 325035
    2.中国地质大学 海洋学院,湖北 武汉 430074
    3.浙江理工大学 建筑工程学院,浙江 杭州 310018
    4.浙江大学 建筑工程学院,浙江 杭州 310058
    5.中国地质大学 工程学院,湖北 武汉 430074

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吴文兵,男,1988年生,博士,教授,主要从事粧基动力学理论与桩基沉降计算理论等相关研究工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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