Article(id=1244316344074744118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, issueId=1244316342938087728, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.16285/j.rsm.2024.1470, pmid=null, cstr=32223.14.j.rsm.2024.1470, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732723200000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=1745856000000, acceptedDateStr=2025-04-29, onlineDate=1774597734707, onlineDateStr=2026-03-27, pubDate=1763049600000, pubDateStr=2025-11-14, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774597734707, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-27, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774597734707, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774597734707, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1244316342938087728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, year='2025', volume='46', issue='11', pageStart='3329', pageEnd='3672', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774597734436, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774597825220, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1244316723801862468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, issueId=1244316342938087728, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1244316723806056773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, issueId=1244316342938087728, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=3431, endPage=3440, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1244316344418677052, articleId=1244316344074744118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, language=EN, title=Burst characteristics of rock under a high internal air pressure, columnId=1244316343936332083, journalTitle=Rock and Soil Mechanics, columnName=Fundamental Theory and Experimental Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In rock-lined caverns with compressed air energy storage (CAES), the hoop tensile strength of rock is an important parameter for calculating the ultimate bearing capacity and long-term stability of the cavern. The existing methods for measuring the tensile strength of rock are direct tensile tests or indirect tensile tests, such as Brazilian splitting and point load bending tests, which cannot truly reflect the circumferential stress of rock under high internal air pressure. Based on this, a new measurement method is proposed. By injecting high-pressure air into the drilled rock sample, the rock burst pressure is obtained. Then a calculation formula for the rock tensile strength is proposed considering the rock pore stress. In the experiments, the inflation rate and the temperature are changed, and it is found that the rock burst pressure is negatively correlated with the inflation rate and positively correlated with the temperature. It is found that when the number of cycles is relatively small (n≤100), the rock burst pressure is positively correlated with the number of cycles. The results can guide the design and calculation of rock-lined caverns for CAES, which is conducive to the promotion and application of CAES technology and has important engineering application value.

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在压气储能岩石内衬洞室中,岩石的环向抗拉强度是计算洞室极限承载能力和长期稳定性的重要参数。而现有的岩石抗拉强度测量方法,是通过直接拉伸试验或间接拉伸试验,如巴西劈裂、点载荷弯曲法等,不能真实反映岩石在高内气压作用下环向受力的情况。基于此,提出了一种新的测量方法:通过向打孔岩样中注入高压空气,得到岩石破裂压力,考虑岩石孔隙应力,提出了岩石抗拉强度的计算公式。在试验中,改变充气速率和岩石温度,得到了岩石破裂压力与充气速率是负相关关系,与温度是正相关关系。通过循环充放气试验,得到了在循环次数n较小时(n≤100),岩石破裂压力与循环次数是正相关关系。这些试验结果可以指导压气储能岩石内衬洞室的设计计算,有利于压气储能技术的推广应用,具有重要的工程应用价值。

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夏才初,男,1963年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事隧道与地下工程方面的研究。E-mail:
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刘少华,男,1994年生,博士研究生,主要从事高内压地下洞室方面的研究。E-mail:

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刘少华,男,1994年生,博士研究生,主要从事高内压地下洞室方面的研究。E-mail:

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Physical and mechanical parameters of sandstone

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弹性模量/GPa密度/(kg·m−3抗压强度/MPa泊松比黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
8.32 35660.80.281.545
), ArticleFig(id=1244316365914484845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, articleId=1244316344074744118, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

砂岩的物理力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
弹性模量/GPa密度/(kg·m−3抗压强度/MPa泊松比黏聚力/MPa内摩擦角/(°)
8.32 35660.80.281.545
), ArticleFig(id=1244316366019342453, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, articleId=1244316344074744118, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Cyclic inflation and deflation tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩样编号温度/℃空气压力/MPa循环次数n/次
1350.0~6.01
2350.0~3.0~0.5~3.0~0.510
3350.0~3.0~0.5~3.0~0.530
4350.0~3.0~0.5~3.0~0.5100
), ArticleFig(id=1244316366120005757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, articleId=1244316344074744118, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

循环充放气试验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩样编号温度/℃空气压力/MPa循环次数n/次
1350.0~6.01
2350.0~3.0~0.5~3.0~0.510
3350.0~3.0~0.5~3.0~0.530
4350.0~3.0~0.5~3.0~0.5100
), ArticleFig(id=1244316366254223494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, articleId=1244316344074744118, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Cyclic inflation and deflation tests

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩样编号温度/℃空气压力/MPa循环次数n/次
5600.0~6.01
6600.0~3.0~0.5~3.0~0.510
7600.0~3.0~0.5~3.0~0.530
8600.0~3.0~0.5~3.0~0.5100
), ArticleFig(id=1244316366392635537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, articleId=1244316344074744118, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

循环充放气试验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩样编号温度/℃空气压力/MPa循环次数n/次
5600.0~6.01
6600.0~3.0~0.5~3.0~0.510
7600.0~3.0~0.5~3.0~0.530
8600.0~3.0~0.5~3.0~0.5100
), ArticleFig(id=1244316366539436194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1244215477623373855, articleId=1244316344074744118, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Calculation parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
气体密度/(kg·m−3孔隙率动力黏度/(Pa·s)渗透率/μm2
1.200.251.8×10−61.0×10−4
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计算参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
气体密度/(kg·m−3孔隙率动力黏度/(Pa·s)渗透率/μm2
1.200.251.8×10−61.0×10−4
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高内气压作用下岩石破裂特性研究
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刘少华 1, 2 , 夏才初 1, 2 , 徐英俊 3 , 徐晨 1, 2
岩土力学 | 基础理论与实验研究 2025,46(11): 3431-3440
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岩土力学 | 基础理论与实验研究 2025, 46(11): 3431-3440
高内气压作用下岩石破裂特性研究
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刘少华1, 2 , 夏才初1, 2 , 徐英俊3, 徐晨1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.宁波大学 岩石力学研究所,宁波 浙江 315000
  • 2.宁波大学 宁波市能源地下结构重点实验室,宁波 浙江 315000
  • 3.南方电网能源发展研究院有限责任公司,广东 广州 510700
  • 刘少华,男,1994年生,博士研究生,主要从事高内压地下洞室方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

夏才初,男,1963年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事隧道与地下工程方面的研究。E-mail:
Burst characteristics of rock under a high internal air pressure
Shao-hua LIU1, 2 , Cai-chu XIA1, 2 , Ying-jun XU3, Chen XU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Institute of Rock Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
  • 2.Ningbo Key Laboratory of Energy Geostructure, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315000, China
  • 3.Energy Development Research Institute Co., Ltd., CSG, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510700, China
出版时间: 2025-11-14 doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2024.1470
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在压气储能岩石内衬洞室中,岩石的环向抗拉强度是计算洞室极限承载能力和长期稳定性的重要参数。而现有的岩石抗拉强度测量方法,是通过直接拉伸试验或间接拉伸试验,如巴西劈裂、点载荷弯曲法等,不能真实反映岩石在高内气压作用下环向受力的情况。基于此,提出了一种新的测量方法:通过向打孔岩样中注入高压空气,得到岩石破裂压力,考虑岩石孔隙应力,提出了岩石抗拉强度的计算公式。在试验中,改变充气速率和岩石温度,得到了岩石破裂压力与充气速率是负相关关系,与温度是正相关关系。通过循环充放气试验,得到了在循环次数n较小时(n≤100),岩石破裂压力与循环次数是正相关关系。这些试验结果可以指导压气储能岩石内衬洞室的设计计算,有利于压气储能技术的推广应用,具有重要的工程应用价值。

压气储能  /  破裂压力  /  抗拉强度  /  孔隙应力

In rock-lined caverns with compressed air energy storage (CAES), the hoop tensile strength of rock is an important parameter for calculating the ultimate bearing capacity and long-term stability of the cavern. The existing methods for measuring the tensile strength of rock are direct tensile tests or indirect tensile tests, such as Brazilian splitting and point load bending tests, which cannot truly reflect the circumferential stress of rock under high internal air pressure. Based on this, a new measurement method is proposed. By injecting high-pressure air into the drilled rock sample, the rock burst pressure is obtained. Then a calculation formula for the rock tensile strength is proposed considering the rock pore stress. In the experiments, the inflation rate and the temperature are changed, and it is found that the rock burst pressure is negatively correlated with the inflation rate and positively correlated with the temperature. It is found that when the number of cycles is relatively small (n≤100), the rock burst pressure is positively correlated with the number of cycles. The results can guide the design and calculation of rock-lined caverns for CAES, which is conducive to the promotion and application of CAES technology and has important engineering application value.

compressed air energy storage  /  burst pressure  /  tensile strength  /  pore stress
刘少华, 夏才初, 徐英俊, 徐晨. 高内气压作用下岩石破裂特性研究. 岩土力学, 2025 , 46 (11) : 3431 -3440 . DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2024.1470
Shao-hua LIU, Cai-chu XIA, Ying-jun XU, Chen XU. Burst characteristics of rock under a high internal air pressure[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2025 , 46 (11) : 3431 -3440 . DOI: 10.16285/j.rsm.2024.1470
“双碳”战略提出后,我国近年来风电、光伏发电量得到快速增长[1]。因自然环境限制,这类可再生能源存在间歇性、波动性等缺点,会对电网的稳定运行带来巨大冲击[2]。因此,需要采取大规模储能技术。目前,大规模能源存储方式有抽水蓄能和压缩空气储能等。抽水蓄能自然选址条件高,要求水资源丰富,不适用于我国风电、光伏资源丰富,但是缺水的西北地区[3]。压气储能技术是将无法利用的风电和光伏电以高压空气能的形式储存在地下构造物中,对地形和水文条件要求不高[4]。因此,压气储能技术在这一地区具有巨大的发展潜力。
地下储气构造物是压气储能电站重要的组成部分和选址的关键因素。典型的压气储能地下储气构造物有:已开采完的储气、储油地质构造[5],地下含水层[6],盐穴[7-8],废弃矿井[9],人工开挖的地下岩石洞室[10-12]等。前4种属于特殊的地质构造,在风能、太阳能丰富的地方不一定存在。因此,人工开挖的岩石洞室便成为这些地方最有可能选择的地下储气方案。
人工开挖的岩石洞室由内到外一般由密封层、混凝土衬砌、围岩体组成[13]。密封层用来保障洞室的气密性,主要由围岩去承受大部分荷载。在围岩极限承载能力和长期稳定性计算中,岩石的抗拉强度是一个重要参数。例如,徐英俊等[14]基于极限分析上限定理计算压气储能洞室隆起破坏时,假设岩体服从Hock-Brown准则。而岩石抗拉强度就是Hock-Browm中一个关键参数;蒋中明等[15]在做压气储能围岩累计损伤特性研究时,岩石抗拉强度是其建立三维累积损伤数值模型的重要参数。很多学者[16-18]在采用数值分析软件,如Abqus、Flac3D等,对压气储能地下洞室进行应力-应变分析时,岩石抗拉强度也是必须要考虑的。而现有的岩石抗拉强度测量方法,是通过直接拉伸试验[19-20]或间接拉伸试验,如巴西劈裂[21-22]、点载荷弯曲法[23-24]等,不能真实反映岩石在高内气压作用下环向受力的情况。
基于此,提出了一种新的岩石抗拉强度测量方法:通过向打孔岩样中注入高压空气,得到岩石破裂压力,考虑岩石孔隙应力,提出了岩石抗拉强度的计算公式。在试验过程中,考虑了多种工况,对充气速率、温度、循环充放气次数等参数进行了研究。研究成果可以指导压气储能岩石内衬洞室的设计计算,具有重要的工程应用价值。
本试验青砂岩样本取自于中国四川省自贡市。该地区地质构造简单,岩层产状平缓。岩样取自自贡市东南约100 km一处岩基上,埋深较浅,地层岩性主要为奥陶系中下统粉砂岩、石英砂岩、粉砂质泥岩,灰白色,细粒-微晶结构,中-薄层状构造。青砂岩主要由石英、碳酸盐矿物、泥质等组成,属中硬岩。表1给出了青砂岩岩样的物理力学参数。
采用较低速率从砂岩岩块中取芯,制备直径为50 mm的圆柱形岩芯,然后切割成100 mm的长度。在取芯完成后,采用金刚石平面磨床仔细研磨样品的两端,使表面不规则度小于0.02 mm,这一步骤对于确保后期空气劈裂试验的密封性十分重要。采用直径为10 mm的金属钻头在岩样中心打孔,孔洞深度为55 mm。所制备岩样如图1所示。
为了排除岩样中水分的影响,在试验前把岩样放入110 ℃的烤箱中烘干24 h,后取出放入干燥器内冷却至室温,如图2所示。
本试验采用上海曲晨机电生产的QW-200全无油空压机,通过分级压缩最高可将空气压力加压到15 MPa。空压机设置有控制阀,可以自动调节气体充放气速率。轴压采用长春新试验机厂生产的万能试验机施加。假设地应力大小为3.89 MPa,为模拟地应力同时密封岩样,需要将轴压控制为7.64 kN。采用绍兴华脉仪器制造生产的电热鼓风干燥箱控制环境温度,该鼓风箱最高可将岩样加热到200 ℃。
岩样空气劈裂试验分3步进行。第1步,在岩样侧表面处粘贴应变片1和应变片2。两个应变片位于岩样横截面十字交叉位置,距离岩样顶面10 mm,如图3所示。本试验所采用应变片为耐高温温度自补偿应变片,在使用过程中无需温度补偿。第2步,为保证试验过程中的密封性,在岩样和金属圆柱之间涂抹耐高温软胶,将金属圆柱与岩样拼接起来,如图4所示,图中,F为轴压,w为孔洞直径,h为孔洞深度。该金属圆柱在试验过程中主要起传递轴压和输送空气的作用。第3步,待耐高温软胶硬化后,将岩样放入鼓风箱中,施加轴压并保持稳定。将应变片连接数据采集仪,打开空压机输送空气。试验过程中应随时观察并记录空气压力和岩样应变的变化,如图5所示。
图6为岩石破裂压力与充气速率关系图。由图可知,充气速率可以明显影响岩石的破裂压力,两者为负相关关系。充气太快会产生气体的动力冲击效应,不利于岩石真实抗拉强度的测量,而充气太慢会降低试验效率,同时对岩样的密封性要求较高。因此,后续试验过程为控制充气速率这一变量,统一采用1 MPa/min的充气速率。
图7为岩石破裂压力与温度关系图。由图7可知,岩石破裂压力随温度的升高总体上是上升的趋势。在30~120 ℃范围内,岩石破裂压力随温度升高呈现“上升-下降”跳跃式的变化。原因是岩石温度升高幅度较小时,其力学性质没有太大变化,因此破裂压力变化不大。而在岩石温度≥120 ℃后,岩石破裂压力随温度升高呈现线性上升趋势,这说明较高的环境温度对于岩石抗裂是有利的。
图8为岩石分别在35、60、90、120、150、200 ℃条件下应变变化曲线图。由图8可知,整个试验过程岩石应变变化分为3个阶段,分别为施加轴压、升温和充气阶段。在施加轴压时,岩石受到压力,产生较小的拉应变,后保持稳定,如图8(a)所示;升温阶段时,由于温度应力的影响,岩石随温度的升高产生较大的拉应变,两者几乎呈线性关系;充气阶段时,岩石拉应变随空气压力的增高逐渐增大,最后会出现应变激增后快速下降的情况,表明岩石在这一时刻发生破裂。岩石破裂后,气体泄露,空气压力和岩石应变急速下降。从岩石应变变化曲线中可以看出,岩石温度应力产生拉应变要远大于空气压力产生的拉应变。
压气储能电站往往采用一天一个充放气循环的运行模式,围岩会受到周期性的加卸载空气内压。为研究岩石在循环气压作用下的破裂压力和应变变化情况,设置了表2所示的试验工况。在岩石循环充放气试验中,充气速率为1 MPa/min,排气速率为5 MPa/min,循环上限压力为破裂压力的80%,下限压力为破裂压力的10%。
图9为35 ℃条件下岩石应变和空气压力变化曲线图。由图可知,整个试验过程可分为准备阶段、施加轴压和循环充放气阶段。在试验准备阶段时,岩石拉应变保持为0;后施加轴压,在压力作用下,岩石出现了较小的拉应变,后保持稳定;循环充放气阶段时,岩石拉应变和空气压力出现几乎同步的“上升—下降—上升”现象,在最后阶段,岩石拉应变出现激增后急速下降,表明岩石破裂。由图9(d)可以看出,在循环充放气时,岩石的最大空气压力始终保持为3 MPa,而岩石的最大拉应变随循环充放气次数的增多呈现下降趋势。
压气储能洞室充放气时,洞室内温度的变化与空气压力密切相关。由文献[25]的研究可知,充气到10 MPa时,洞内空气温度最高可达65 ℃。由于洞室密封层和混凝土衬砌的隔热效应,围岩的温度会稍微降低,在45~60 ℃之间。
温度对岩石的力学性质有着重要影响,为研究岩石在60 ℃时,循环气压作用下的空气压力和应变变化情况,设置了表3所示的试验工况。岩石温度控制为60 ℃,充气速率为1 MPa/min,排气速率为5 MPa/min,循环上限压力为破裂压力的80%,下限压力为破裂压力的10%,分别进行了1、10、30、100次循环充放气。
图10为60 ℃条件下岩石应变和空气压力变化图。由图10可知,与35 ℃条件下循环充放气试验结果相同,整个试验过程可分为准备阶段、施加轴压和循环充放气阶段,与35 ℃条件下岩石应变变化情况类似。对比图10(b)图9(d)可知,60 ℃条件下岩石的最大拉应变在循环充放气次数较少时就出现下降趋势,而35 ℃条件下只要在循环次数较多时才会出现。
图10(d)所示,循环充放气时,岩石温度在100 min附近出现了一段波动,岩石拉应变同步出现“下降-上升”的变化。这表明岩石拉应变对温度的变化十分敏感。在压气储能岩石内衬洞室设计计算中,温度应力对围岩的影响不可忽略。
图11给出了在35 ℃、60 ℃条件下岩石破裂压力与循环次数的关系图。由图11可知,在循环充放气次数n≤100次条件下,岩石破裂压力与循环次数是正相关关系。原因是在循环次数较小时,岩石在空气压力作用下,孔隙率增大,导致应力分布到更大的孔隙空间上使得孔隙应力减小,从而增大了岩石的破裂压力。
打孔岩样在承受内部空气压力和轴向荷载时,破坏从岩样孔壁开始,形成张拉破裂平面,岩样裂为两半,如图12所示。
小孔扩张的厚壁圆筒理论[26]建立了此种受力条件下的空心圆柱力学模型,如图13所示,并给出了从圆柱体中心到空心圆柱周边的径向应力σr、切向应力σθ和轴向应力σz的分布规律,如下式所示:
式中:σr为径向应力;σθ为切向应力;σz为轴向应力;Pr为孔内气体压力;r为到圆柱体中心的距离;Pa为轴向压力;r1为岩样内孔半径;R2为岩样外半径。当岩样充气破裂时,可计算得到内孔壁(r=r1)的主应力为
式中:σ1σ2σ3分别为第一主应力、第二主应力、第三主应力;σT为岩石的环向抗拉强度。在得到空心圆柱岩样的破裂压力后,由式(6)可计算得到岩石的环向抗拉强度σT。该方法在水压致裂试验中被普遍应用[27-28]
但压气储能洞室是以空气为介质,不同于液体,其渗透性更强。岩体本身是一种多孔裂隙介质,在高压气体作用下,其孔隙应力会对裂缝扩展起到重要作用。因此,在以气体为介质的空心圆柱破裂试验中,应该考虑孔隙应力p0的作用,如下式所示:
在COMSOL Multiphysics中建立多裂隙的三维空心圆柱模型,如图14所示。模型中裂隙位置遵循均匀随机分布函数,大小遵循幂律分布函数,方向遵循Fisher分布函数。取裂隙数量为20条,裂隙长度为5~20 mm,裂缝走向控制为60°,倾角为10°。
高压气体在岩石裂隙中的快速流动可以用Brinkman方程[29]描述,其控制方程为
式中:ρ为流体密度;εp为孔隙率;v为速度矢量;I为二阶单位张量;Qm为质量源项;t为时间;p为流体压力;u为流体的动力黏度;κ为多孔介质的渗透率;F为力项。
模型计算参数取值如表4所示。内孔壁设置入口压力边界为4 MPa,圆柱外壁设置出口压力边界为0 MPa,可计算得到模型裂隙压应力分布图,如图15所示。
图15可知,圆孔与裂隙接触位置都出现了较高的空气压力,这表明孔隙应力是裂缝发展的重要驱动力。
文献[27]进行了空心圆柱体的液压致裂试验,采用水作为施压介质,得到了岩石破裂压力与充水速率关系,如图16所示。
图16可知,岩石破裂压力与充水速率是正相关关系,该试验结果可以用式(6)很好的进行解释。充水速率增大时,破裂压力增大,因此计算得到的岩石抗拉强度增大,如下式所示:
采用空气作为介质得到的岩石破裂压力与充气速率是负相关关系,如图6所示。该试验结果与式(6)相悖,但式(8)却可以合理地解释。充气速率增大时,孔隙应力p0增大,破裂压力减小,因此计算得到的岩石抗拉强度减小,见下式:
这说明在以气体为介质的空心圆柱破裂试验中,应该考虑孔隙应力p0的作用,式(8)建立的岩石抗拉强度计算公式是合理的。
针对现有岩石抗拉强度测量方法无法真实反映岩石在高内气压作用下环向受力的问题,提出了一种新的测量方法。通过向打孔岩样注入高压空气,考虑多种工况,进行了多组试验,并进行了理论研究,主要结论如下:
(1)提出了一种新的岩石环向抗拉强度的测量方法。通过向打孔岩样中注入高压空气,得到岩石破裂压力,考虑岩石孔隙应力,提出了岩石抗拉强度的计算公式。
(2)空心岩石圆柱体采用气体作为介质时,岩石破裂压力与充气速率是负相关关系。岩石破裂压力随温度升高而增大,这种现象在岩石温度≥120 ℃时更为明显。
(3)空心岩石圆柱体因温度应力产生的拉应变要远大于空气压力产生的拉应变,压气储能洞室设计计算时应考虑温度应力对围岩产生的不利影响。
  • 国家重点研发计划政府间重点专项(2024YFE0105800)
  • 国家自然科学基金(U23B20145; 52278402)
  • 中国电建集团核心攻关项目(DJ-HXGG-2023-09)
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doi: 10.16285/j.rsm.2024.1470
  • 接收时间:2024-11-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-27
  • 出版时间:2025-11-14
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-28
  • 录用日期:2025-04-29
基金
National Key Research and Development Program, Intergovernmental Key Special Project(2024YFE0105800)
国家重点研发计划政府间重点专项(2024YFE0105800)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23B20145; 52278402)
国家自然科学基金(U23B20145; 52278402)
Core Research Project of China Electric Construction Group(DJ-HXGG-2023-09)
中国电建集团核心攻关项目(DJ-HXGG-2023-09)
作者信息
    1.宁波大学 岩石力学研究所,宁波 浙江 315000
    2.宁波大学 宁波市能源地下结构重点实验室,宁波 浙江 315000
    3.南方电网能源发展研究院有限责任公司,广东 广州 510700

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夏才初,男,1963年生,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事隧道与地下工程方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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