Article(id=1274300228853359435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, issueId=1274300092707266809, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0471, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751472000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-03, revisedDate=1759939200000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-09, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1781746449912, onlineDateStr=2026-06-18, pubDate=1769875200000, pubDateStr=2026-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1781746449912, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1781746449912, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781746449912, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1274300092707266809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, year='2026', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='321', pageEnd='638', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781746417452, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781746463571, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1274300286466335306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, issueId=1274300092707266809, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1274300286466335307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, issueId=1274300092707266809, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=381, endPage=396, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1274300229096629069, articleId=1274300228853359435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, language=EN, title=Research on the evolution law of microcracks in sandstone based on rectangular tensor inversion and
RA-AF analysis, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
To investigate the mesoscopic crack evolution behavior and the dominant mechanisms during the failure process of sandstone, an integrated approach combining acoustic emission moment tensor inversion with RA-AF parameter analysis was employed to quantitatively characterize the types, spatiotemporal distribution, and stress response characteristics of microcracks. Based on moment tensor theory and incorporating sensor coupling coefficients calibrated through pencil-lead break experiments, microcracks were classified into five categories—shear cracks, tensile-shear mixed-mode cracks, compressive-shear mixed-mode cracks, tensile cracks, and compressive cracks—using the crack tensile angle criterion. Furthermore, an RA-AF empirical model was established to support the analysis. The results indicate the following: (1) Under various loading paths, microcracks resulting from sandstone failure are predominantly shear cracks. The number of each of the five microcrack types exhibits a positive correlation with stress level, with shear cracks showing the most significant increase. (2) As stress increases, microcracks initiate, propagate, and gradually coalesce, forming a fracture zone that corresponds to the macroscopic failure surface. (3) RA-AF analysis reveals that shear cracks account for more than 50% of all microcracks in sandstone, which aligns with findings from moment tensor inversion. (4) Waveforms generated by tensile cracks exhibit abrupt characteristics, with concentrated signal energy in the frequency domain, whereas waveforms associated with shear cracks display oscillatory behavior, featuring dispersed frequency-domain energy and higher amplitude. This distinction provides a physical mechanism that explains the heterogeneity observed in RA-AF parameters. (5) Moment tensor inversion is well-suited for theory-driven, detailed analysis of crack mechanisms, while RA-AF analysis is more appropriate for rapid identification of crack types in engineering practice. This study elucidates the dominant micromechanical mechanism of shear failure in sandstone and the co-evolutionary behavior of multiple crack types, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for rock fracture prediction.
, correspAuthors=Gang LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* LIU Gang (1986–), associate professor, is engaged in research work in the field of rock mechanics in mines. E-mail:
liugang@usth.edu.cn , copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Gang LIU, Xiang SHI, Yonglong ZAN, Shengxuan WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1274300234100433775, articleId=1274300228853359435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, language=CN, title=基于矩张量反演与
RA-
AF分析砂岩微裂纹演化规律研究, columnId=1274300094359822588, journalTitle=岩石力学与工程学报, columnName=理论与试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
为揭示砂岩破坏全过程的细观裂纹演化规律及主导机制,研究融合声发射矩张量反演与RA-AF参数分析技术,定量解析微裂纹类型、时空分布及应力响应特征。基于矩张量理论,结合断铅试验标定的传感器耦合系数,采用裂纹张拉角将微裂纹划分为剪切裂纹、拉剪混合裂纹、压剪混合裂纹、张拉裂纹及压缩裂纹5种,并建立RA- AF经验模型进行分析。结果表明:(1)在不同加载路径下,砂岩破坏产生的微裂纹均以剪切裂纹为主,且5种微裂纹数量均与应力水平呈正相关关系,其中剪切裂纹数量增长最显著;(2)随着应力的增加,微裂纹萌生、聚集,最终贯通形成与宏观破坏面吻合的破裂带;(3)通过RA-AF分析得到砂岩剪切裂纹占比均超过50%,与矩张量反演结果一致;(4)张拉裂纹产生的波形呈突发特征,信号能量频域集中;剪切裂纹产生的波形呈振荡特征,能量频域分散且幅值更高,从物理机制上解释RA-AF参数的分异性。(5)矩张量反演适用于理论驱动的精细裂纹类型机制解析,RA-AF分析适用于工程现场快速判断裂纹类型。研究阐明砂岩剪切破坏的微观主导机制与多类型裂纹协同演化规律,为岩石破裂预警提供了理论依据。
, correspAuthors=刘刚, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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1, 2, *, address=
1.School of Mining Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150022, China
2.Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ground Pressure Control and Gas Control in Deep Coal Mine Mining, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1274368985299706572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, authorId=1274368984850916039, language=CN, stringName=刘刚, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2.黑龙江科技大学 黑龙江省煤矿深部开采地压控制与瓦斯治理重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1274368984653783743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274368984662172352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, companyId=1274368984653783743, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2.黑龙江科技大学 黑龙江省煤矿深部开采地压控制与瓦斯治理重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150022)])]), Author(id=1274368985664611022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1274368985782051537, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, authorId=1274368985664611022, language=EN, stringName=Xiang SHI, firstName=Xiang, middleName=null, lastName=SHI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1.School of Mining Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150022, China
2.Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ground Pressure Control and Gas Control in Deep Coal Mine Mining, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1274368986180510418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, authorId=1274368985664611022, language=CN, stringName=石翔, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.黑龙江科技大学 矿业工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150022
2.黑龙江科技大学 黑龙江省煤矿深部开采地压控制与瓦斯治理重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1274368984653783743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274368984662172352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, companyId=1274368984653783743, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2.黑龙江科技大学 黑龙江省煤矿深部开采地压控制与瓦斯治理重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150022)])]), Author(id=1274368986545414868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1274368986969039575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, authorId=1274368986545414868, language=EN, stringName=Yonglong ZAN, firstName=Yonglong, middleName=null, lastName=ZAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1.School of Mining Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150022, China
2.Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ground Pressure Control and Gas Control in Deep Coal Mine Mining, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1274368987354915544, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, authorId=1274368986545414868, language=CN, stringName=昝永龙, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.黑龙江科技大学 矿业工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150022
2.黑龙江科技大学 黑龙江省煤矿深部开采地压控制与瓦斯治理重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150022, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1274368984653783743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274368984662172352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, companyId=1274368984653783743, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2.黑龙江科技大学 黑龙江省煤矿深部开采地压控制与瓦斯治理重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150022)])]), Author(id=1274368987812094682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1274368988185387741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, authorId=1274368987812094682, language=EN, stringName=Shengxuan WANG, firstName=Shengxuan, middleName=null, lastName=WANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1.School of Mining Engineering, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150022, China
2.Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Ground Pressure Control and Gas Control in Deep Coal Mine Mining, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150022, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1274368988265079518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, authorId=1274368987812094682, language=CN, stringName=王盛旋, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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2.黑龙江科技大学 黑龙江省煤矿深部开采地压控制与瓦斯治理重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150022)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1274368988709675743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=rock mechanics), Keyword(id=1274368988768396000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=acoustic emission), Keyword(id=1274368988831310561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=moment tensor inversion), Keyword(id=1274368989099746018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=
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The P wave of the acoustic emission signal is at the time of arrival and the initial amplitude, figureFileSmall=nXg6Rg94Jpf+t1vDaz5KyA==, figureFileBig=BMbkIhFRq6kPHntKHL6ydg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368992153199341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=Q9lFBWUXx4bwH1wJNA/rvg==, figureFileBig=itKByQgrsABMDSjIaREP3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368992224502510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Schematic diagram of 5 types of rupture, figureFileSmall=Q9lFBWUXx4bwH1wJNA/rvg==, figureFileBig=itKByQgrsABMDSjIaREP3w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368992400663279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0aZgN7SlP8JnV30L7nYhJA==, figureFileBig=EPpEOlfQUQihrAWumjzoHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368992467772144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Classification of AE waveforms and RA-AF cracks, figureFileSmall=0aZgN7SlP8JnV30L7nYhJA==, figureFileBig=EPpEOlfQUQihrAWumjzoHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368992526492401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PDiaPmTOLmTs/r3JaqBjCw==, figureFileBig=sYWfpl8dHJr8by+uTsfINQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368992585212658, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Sample preparation and testing process, figureFileSmall=PDiaPmTOLmTs/r3JaqBjCw==, figureFileBig=sYWfpl8dHJr8by+uTsfINQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368992664904435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=aMfUPhA6e/vTQijZeGyZzw==, figureFileBig=X28MvHV81P2hsXyILw97+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368992740401908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=
The variation relationship of the load and acoustic emission amplitude of three samples over time, figureFileSmall=aMfUPhA6e/vTQijZeGyZzw==, figureFileBig=X28MvHV81P2hsXyILw97+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368992828482293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1K/o2Bi7sZtNN93625+4Gw==, figureFileBig=he3ZvVXZNkIfrPU2AqGpwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368992891396854, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Evolution diagram of microcracks in SY–1 sample with stress levels, figureFileSmall=1K/o2Bi7sZtNN93625+4Gw==, figureFileBig=he3ZvVXZNkIfrPU2AqGpwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368992950117111, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=jCU9nQYhWnXLQdvCtfkFgw==, figureFileBig=DvAgil7S4p+K6ydlS2S71Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368993017225976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=CN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Evolution diagram of microcracks in SY–2 sample with stress levels, figureFileSmall=jCU9nQYhWnXLQdvCtfkFgw==, figureFileBig=DvAgil7S4p+K6ydlS2S71Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368993084334841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=g9D2DesegIcfqw0qcLDirQ==, figureFileBig=/IMB+wNkv9Hps6at+Mn0Kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368993243718394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=CN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Evolution diagram of microcracks in SY–3 sample with stress levels, figureFileSmall=g9D2DesegIcfqw0qcLDirQ==, figureFileBig=/IMB+wNkv9Hps6at+Mn0Kw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368993310827259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=be0MzJ3dYc03v7ONIQ7C4A==, figureFileBig=hTbH+21LNZr1vbB2aMN05A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368993365353212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=CN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Stress-strain curves of three rock samples, figureFileSmall=be0MzJ3dYc03v7ONIQ7C4A==, figureFileBig=hTbH+21LNZr1vbB2aMN05A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368993432462077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=8l6O+HfsKUq9oi34ZfuS3w==, figureFileBig=7cFcCLqxxPfkgEX0btJruQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368993499570942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=CN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Relationship between the number of microcracks in 3 samples and the variation of strain, figureFileSmall=8l6O+HfsKUq9oi34ZfuS3w==, figureFileBig=7cFcCLqxxPfkgEX0btJruQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368993658954495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=TWkjG6NlKbJ0elyzvYGU+g==, figureFileBig=ZdaQmdgbp+2hyzSP6UK+zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368993738646272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=CN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Statistics of 5 types of cracks in 3 samples, figureFileSmall=TWkjG6NlKbJ0elyzvYGU+g==, figureFileBig=ZdaQmdgbp+2hyzSP6UK+zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368993839309569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=rNOVxK7EDjz0hFyLonFxGw==, figureFileBig=h5TOo3ojoiZXLb/FlkgMzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368994069996290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=CN, label=Fig.12, caption=
The distribution of 3 samples with 5 types of cracks at different stress levels, figureFileSmall=rNOVxK7EDjz0hFyLonFxGw==, figureFileBig=h5TOo3ojoiZXLb/FlkgMzw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368994141299459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=nDc3YDpOv9X0GFrLl6CtwA==, figureFileBig=EWJHMRNo1Ebu9lVqtJ3eaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368994220991236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=CN, label=Fig.13, caption=
Density distribution map of 3 samples RA and AF values, figureFileSmall=nDc3YDpOv9X0GFrLl6CtwA==, figureFileBig=EWJHMRNo1Ebu9lVqtJ3eaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368994317460229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=dh8lIr+OYZSNKoy3HFmzFg==, figureFileBig=UcIMZBQQduq4YquxPpruEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368994485232390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=CN, label=Fig.14, caption=
Flowchart of AE signal processing and analysis, figureFileSmall=dh8lIr+OYZSNKoy3HFmzFg==, figureFileBig=UcIMZBQQduq4YquxPpruEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368994564924167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=+DIHSYbFzhsMk71z+vrQMQ==, figureFileBig=KoUQN+YXleFMVqT65b+RbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368994636227336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=CN, label=Fig.15, caption=
Typical waveform diagram of tensile crack generation and its spectrum analysis results, figureFileSmall=+DIHSYbFzhsMk71z+vrQMQ==, figureFileBig=KoUQN+YXleFMVqT65b+RbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368994724307721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=s1p8Mh9TBUzxF56VKtnkcA==, figureFileBig=jOpLVB8PilFmivg6YB9COQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368994829165322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=CN, label=Fig.16, caption=
Typical waveform diagram of shear crack generation and its spectrum analysis results, figureFileSmall=s1p8Mh9TBUzxF56VKtnkcA==, figureFileBig=jOpLVB8PilFmivg6YB9COQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368994975965963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Tension angle/( °) | Microcrack type | Criterion standard |
|---|
| 60~90 | Tensile crack | The movement direction vector l tends to be inclined toward the normal direction of the crack surface, indicating that the crack is primarily dominated by normal tensile stress. |
| 30~60 | Tensile-shear mixed crack | As the angle between the motion direction vector l and the normal direction increases, the tangential slip component is significantly enhanced, but the normal separation component still dominates. |
| -30~30 | Shear crack | The movement direction vector l is almost entirely within the plane of the crack surface, nearly perpendicular to the normal direction. |
| -60~-30 | Compressive-shear mixed cracks | The motion direction vector l shows components opposite to the normal, indicating that the crack process is significantly affected by normal compressive stress, while also accompanied by noticeable tangential slip. |
| -90~-60 | Compression crack | The motion direction vector l points inward toward the crack surface, indicating that the crack is dominated entirely by normal compressive stress. |
), ArticleFig(id=1274368995080823564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300228853359435, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Tension angle and its corresponding fracture type[19]
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Tension angle/( °) | Microcrack type | Criterion standard |
|---|
| 60~90 | Tensile crack | The movement direction vector l tends to be inclined toward the normal direction of the crack surface, indicating that the crack is primarily dominated by normal tensile stress. |
| 30~60 | Tensile-shear mixed crack | As the angle between the motion direction vector l and the normal direction increases, the tangential slip component is significantly enhanced, but the normal separation component still dominates. |
| -30~30 | Shear crack | The movement direction vector l is almost entirely within the plane of the crack surface, nearly perpendicular to the normal direction. |
| -60~-30 | Compressive-shear mixed cracks | The motion direction vector l shows components opposite to the normal, indicating that the crack process is significantly affected by normal compressive stress, while also accompanied by noticeable tangential slip. |
| -90~-60 | Compression crack | The motion direction vector l points inward toward the crack surface, indicating that the crack is dominated entirely by normal compressive stress. |
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