Article(id=1274300162148164261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, issueId=1274300092707266809, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0647, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756656000000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-01, revisedDate=1762099200000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1781746434008, onlineDateStr=2026-06-18, pubDate=1769875200000, pubDateStr=2026-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1781746434008, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1781746434008, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781746434008, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1274300092707266809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, year='2026', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='321', pageEnd='638', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781746417452, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781746463571, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1274300286466335306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, issueId=1274300092707266809, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1274300286466335307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, issueId=1274300092707266809, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=496, endPage=508, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1274300162349490855, articleId=1274300162148164261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, language=EN, title=Small strain stiffness of red mudstone fill material under anisotropic stress state, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
This paper investigates the effect of anisotropic stress states on the small strain stiffness of red mudstone fill material (RMF). A comprehensive experimental program was conducted, including 18 triaxial-bender element tests, 4 isotropic consolidation tests, and 6 stress-controlled loading-unloading tests. The results indicate that the normalized strength is well characterized by the nonlinear strength envelope. Under isotropic stress conditions, the small strain stiffness increases with mean stress, which can be described by a power equation. During conventional triaxial shear, small strain stiffness increases at low axial strains. When the axial strain exceeds 2%, the damage point can be identified, at which point small strain stiffness decreases by more than 25% with further axial strain. A power model has been employed to characterize the small strain stiffness and shear stress at both the damage point and peak point. Unloading at stress states below the damage point results in an increase in small strain stiffness. Conversely, due to irreversible structural disturbance, unloading at stress states above the damage point leads to a progressive reduction in small strain stiffness. The difference in small strain stiffness at various unloading points can exceed 30%. Therefore, the coupled effects of stress history and stress path should be considered for accurate determination of small strain stiffness, as the conventional monotonic model is not applicable in such coupled scenarios.
, correspAuthors=Gaoqiao WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* WU Gaoqiao (1993–), professor, is engaged in mechanical behavior of problematic soil. E-mail:
highbridgewu@gmail.com , copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Kang CHEN, Gaoqiao WU, Shao YUE, Xingyu KANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1274300166325691075, articleId=1274300162148164261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, language=CN, title=异向应力状态下红层泥岩填料小应变刚度特性研究, columnId=1274300094359822588, journalTitle=岩石力学与工程学报, columnName=理论与试验研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
为研究异向应力状态对红层泥岩填料小应变刚度的影响,开展18组应变控制的三轴–弯曲元试验,4组等向固结试验和6组应力控制的加卸载试验,揭示填料在不同应力路径下小应变刚度演化规律,结果表明:填料归一化强度包线可用指数形式表述。等向固结状态下,小应变刚度随体应力呈指数增加。三轴剪切路径下,填料小应变刚度先随应变增大而增加;应变超过2%后,出现明显损伤点。此时小应变刚度持续衰减,降幅超过25%。损伤点和峰值强度点对应的偏应力和小应变刚度可用指数函数表征。低于损伤点卸载时,相同应力状态下卸载路径小应变刚度高于加载路径。超过损伤点卸载,由于剪应力引起的结构损伤不可恢复,填料小应变刚度将不断减小。损伤点前后卸载小应变刚度差值超过30%。考虑应力历史和路径对小应变刚度影响必须与填料自身状态相结合,传统单调模型难以描述该耦合效应。
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CHEN Kang (1995–), postdoctoral research fellow, is engaged in mechanical behavior of problematic soil. E-mail: kang.chen@csust.edu.cn
陈康(1995–),现任博士后,主要从事特殊土力学特性方面的研究工作。E-mail:kang.chen@csust.edu.cn
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CHEN Kang (1995–), postdoctoral research fellow, is engaged in mechanical behavior of problematic soil. E-mail: kang.chen@csust.edu.cn
陈康(1995–),现任博士后,主要从事特殊土力学特性方面的研究工作。E-mail:kang.chen@csust.edu.cn
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10(1):68–81., articleTitle=Directional properties of small strain shear stiffness in soils, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1274368975198806307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, awardId=52508478; 52578503, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(52508478; 52578503), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1274368975265915172, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, awardId=52508478; 52578503, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(52508478; 52578503), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1274368975349801253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, awardId=GZC20251121, language=EN, fundingSource=Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under(GZC20251121), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1274368975446270246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, awardId=GZC20251121, language=CN, fundingSource=国家资助博士后研究人员计划(GZC20251121), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1274368957960216788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274368957968605397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, companyId=1274368957960216788, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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Compaction curve of red-bed mudstone filler, figureFileSmall=qgSVTtAQ0xrAE2n2NwF1cQ==, figureFileBig=tarfFKfCpNDVzKolvIqDuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368971663008005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=RJVYNT0kcTUjINeTRZzmHw==, figureFileBig=4RLNM2OuPlfXVVSHIyjBlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368971751088390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Set-up of triaxial-bender element tests, figureFileSmall=RJVYNT0kcTUjINeTRZzmHw==, figureFileBig=4RLNM2OuPlfXVVSHIyjBlg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368971822391559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=NKE8Vsv8AizVjAMmgSDcvQ==, figureFileBig=bKCZgmkbMwqbvv4AIL0eRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368972019523848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Schema of the stress-controlled loading-unloading path, figureFileSmall=NKE8Vsv8AizVjAMmgSDcvQ==, figureFileBig=bKCZgmkbMwqbvv4AIL0eRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368972149547273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=RIUnU3iLaM0uUzjIGbN4aw==, figureFileBig=KNuyTCma9TmnMG8hHAhviw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368972216656138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=
Stress-strain behavior of red mudstone fill material at different water contents, figureFileSmall=RIUnU3iLaM0uUzjIGbN4aw==, figureFileBig=KNuyTCma9TmnMG8hHAhviw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368972426371339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=PYt6e+TGxl6avtlr3i5mwg==, figureFileBig=BDt0oO9zyDZUtUmLtSH0nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368972543811852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Normalized strength envelope for red mudstone fill material at different water contents, figureFileSmall=PYt6e+TGxl6avtlr3i5mwg==, figureFileBig=BDt0oO9zyDZUtUmLtSH0nA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368972623503629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=LtrcU9gXzOLNY21xyhJhLw==, figureFileBig=l5nSXIpN3/H4o30VjONhSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368972682223886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Typical input and output signal obtained from bender element, figureFileSmall=LtrcU9gXzOLNY21xyhJhLw==, figureFileBig=l5nSXIpN3/H4o30VjONhSQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368972740944143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pcU4EzzJf8YS52AVTrMY9Q==, figureFileBig=+wHR/k5BhLfgGZDLgylszA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368972908716304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=CN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Evolution of with p under isotropic compression, figureFileSmall=pcU4EzzJf8YS52AVTrMY9Q==, figureFileBig=+wHR/k5BhLfgGZDLgylszA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368972996796689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=7r9FwDzUD+kQKYV+/JirAg==, figureFileBig=MTLGLo4DCowQodjuUOKDIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368973059711250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=CN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Evolution of withfor red mudstone fill material under triaxial shear, figureFileSmall=7r9FwDzUD+kQKYV+/JirAg==, figureFileBig=MTLGLo4DCowQodjuUOKDIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368973344923923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=woueFhvtayHLd28wsc5JnA==, figureFileBig=kqF/y64oDTQLSwSgSjAupw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368973453975828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=CN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Evolution of with p for red mudstone fill material under triaxial shear, figureFileSmall=woueFhvtayHLd28wsc5JnA==, figureFileBig=kqF/y64oDTQLSwSgSjAupw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368973680468245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pR0RI+Jk+3p6HQ7PI5w+NA==, figureFileBig=ZBN0+X0zDiMaWRNNZF++2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368973802103062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=CN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Normalized small strain stiffness plotted against the normalized shear stress, figureFileSmall=pR0RI+Jk+3p6HQ7PI5w+NA==, figureFileBig=ZBN0+X0zDiMaWRNNZF++2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368973890183447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=orxvESMXZUvkD51S2TnnAw==, figureFileBig=B+1Mp8rM3RTq6glpnTGesw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368974108287256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=CN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Relation between damage stress and peak strength, figureFileSmall=orxvESMXZUvkD51S2TnnAw==, figureFileBig=B+1Mp8rM3RTq6glpnTGesw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368974225727769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mpdnJl9V1niwni26aQStsg==, figureFileBig=scQajHBRt+EzCyNyHDuSDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368974288642330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=CN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Relationship between small strain stiffness at damage state and peak strength, figureFileSmall=mpdnJl9V1niwni26aQStsg==, figureFileBig=scQajHBRt+EzCyNyHDuSDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368974364139803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=A4H4r3e7KiBEmFAsWhLPAw==, figureFileBig=tvX4IaFpovPYuOX6XOSyVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368974422860060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=CN, label=Fig.13, caption=
Small strain stiffness of red mudstone fill material during different stress paths, figureFileSmall=A4H4r3e7KiBEmFAsWhLPAw==, figureFileBig=tvX4IaFpovPYuOX6XOSyVA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368974632575261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300162148164261, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Liquid limit/% | Plastic limit/% | Plasiticity index/% | Relative density | Free swelling ratio/% | Percentage of particle distribution/% | Quartz content/% | Montmorillonite content/% |
|---|
| Sand 2~0.075 mm | Silt 0.075~0.002 mm | Clay <0.002 mm |
|---|
| 32.5 | 18.2 | 14.3 | 2.69 | 34 | 4.30 | 92.10 | 3.60 | 72 | 2~3 |
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Basic properties and mineralogical composition of red mudstone fill material
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| Liquid limit/% | Plastic limit/% | Plasiticity index/% | Relative density | Free swelling ratio/% | Percentage of particle distribution/% | Quartz content/% | Montmorillonite content/% |
|---|
| Sand 2~0.075 mm | Silt 0.075~0.002 mm | Clay <0.002 mm |
|---|
| 32.5 | 18.2 | 14.3 | 2.69 | 34 | 4.30 | 92.10 | 3.60 | 72 | 2~3 |
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| Water content/% | Confining pressure/kPa | Shearing rate/(%·h-1) | Maximum stress ratio | Wave measurement interval/% |
|---|
| 5 | 25,50,100,200 | 1 | 32 | When axial strain less than 2, 0.2; when axial strain higher than 2, 0.5 |
| 7 | 25,50,100,200 | 1 | 30 | When axial strain less than 2, 0.2; when axial strain higher than 2, 0.5 |
| 11 | 25,50,100,200,300 | 1 | 26 | When axial strain less than 2, 0.2; when axial strain higher than 4, 0.5 |
| 13 | 25,50,100,200,300 | 1 | 20 | When axial strain less than 2, 0.2; when axial strain higher than 5, 0.5 |
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Experimental program of strain-controlled triaxial-bender element tests
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| Water content/% | Confining pressure/kPa | Shearing rate/(%·h-1) | Maximum stress ratio | Wave measurement interval/% |
|---|
| 5 | 25,50,100,200 | 1 | 32 | When axial strain less than 2, 0.2; when axial strain higher than 2, 0.5 |
| 7 | 25,50,100,200 | 1 | 30 | When axial strain less than 2, 0.2; when axial strain higher than 2, 0.5 |
| 11 | 25,50,100,200,300 | 1 | 26 | When axial strain less than 2, 0.2; when axial strain higher than 4, 0.5 |
| 13 | 25,50,100,200,300 | 1 | 20 | When axial strain less than 2, 0.2; when axial strain higher than 5, 0.5 |
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| Stress path | Stress path description | Water content/% | Initial confining pressure /kPa | Average bulk stress at unloading point p/kPa | Shear stress at the unloading point q/kPa |
|---|
| SUR | loading along with dq/dp = 3 before damage point s | 5 | 50 | 150 | 300 |
| SUDR | loading along with dq/dp = 3 after damage point | 5 | 50 | 267 | 650 |
| SUP | loading with constant p after damage point | 5 | 50 | 267 | 650 |
| SUR | loading along with dq/dp = 3 before damage point | 13 | 50 | 83 | 100 |
| SUDR | loading along with dq/dp = 3 after damage point | 13 | 50 | 216 | 500 |
| SUP | loading with constant p after damage point | 13 | 50 | 216 | 500 |
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Experimental program of stress-controlled triaxial-bender element tests
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| Stress path | Stress path description | Water content/% | Initial confining pressure /kPa | Average bulk stress at unloading point p/kPa | Shear stress at the unloading point q/kPa |
|---|
| SUR | loading along with dq/dp = 3 before damage point s | 5 | 50 | 150 | 300 |
| SUDR | loading along with dq/dp = 3 after damage point | 5 | 50 | 267 | 650 |
| SUP | loading with constant p after damage point | 5 | 50 | 267 | 650 |
| SUR | loading along with dq/dp = 3 before damage point | 13 | 50 | 83 | 100 |
| SUDR | loading along with dq/dp = 3 after damage point | 13 | 50 | 216 | 500 |
| SUP | loading with constant p after damage point | 13 | 50 | 216 | 500 |
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