Article(id=1274300129940103616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, issueId=1274300092707266809, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0422, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1750262400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-19, revisedDate=1755964800000, revisedDateStr=2025-08-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1781746426329, onlineDateStr=2026-06-18, pubDate=1769875200000, pubDateStr=2026-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1781746426329, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1781746426329, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781746426329, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1274300092707266809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, year='2026', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='321', pageEnd='638', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781746417452, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781746463571, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1274300286466335306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, issueId=1274300092707266809, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1274300286466335307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, issueId=1274300092707266809, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=537, endPage=552, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1274300130355339714, articleId=1274300129940103616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, language=EN, title=Seismic response and predictive method for corroded buried pipelines under coupled reverse-fault displacement, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Conventional finite element methods for large-scale numerical simulations are often constrained by high computational demands and extended runtimes. To enhance efficiency, we developed a predictive model based on a backpropagation (BP) neural network. A three-dimensional finite element model of a buried pipeline with corrosion defects crossing a reverse fault was established using ABAQUS. We systematically analyzed the effects of four key parameters—corrosion depth-to-thickness ratio, diameter-to-thickness ratio, internal pressure, and burial depth—on the seismic response of the pipeline. In this parametric study, fault displacement and the four key parameters served as inputs to the BP neural network, with the pipeline’s axial peak compressive strain as the output. The model was trained and validated using training, validation, and test datasets. Results indicate that increasing the corrosion depth-to-thickness ratio, diameter-to-thickness ratio, internal pressure, or burial depth reduces the fault displacement necessary for the lower section of the pipeline to reach its strain limit. Failure modes differ between unpressurized and pressurized pipelines, exhibiting inward local buckling and outward bulging, respectively, at stress concentration zones. The four parameters are highly correlated with the compressive strain response, with correlations transitioning from linear to nonlinear as fault displacement increases. The trained BP neural network achieves maximum prediction errors of 13.60% on the validation set and 12.84% on the test set, both below 15%, demonstrating robust accuracy and generalization in predicting the seismic response of in-service buried pipelines across reverse faults.

, correspAuthors=Benwei HOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* HOU Benwei (1984–), associate professor, is engaged in research within the field of lifeline seismic engineering. E-mail:
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传统有限元方法开展数值模型批量计算易受计算资源限制且耗时较长,基于BP神经网络构建的结构响应预测方法可有效提高计算效率。采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立跨逆断层含腐蚀缺陷埋地管道三维数值模型,研究管道腐蚀深厚比、径厚比、内压和埋深四项关键参数对管道地震响应的影响规律。基于参数分析结果,将断层错动量及以上4项参数输入,以管道轴向峰值压应变作为输出参数,构建基于BP神经网络的跨逆断层含腐蚀缺陷埋地管道地震响应预测模型,并结合数值计算结果数据集对预测模型进行了训练和验证。结果表明:管道腐蚀深厚比、径厚比、内压、埋深的增加均会导致管道下盘峰值压应变达到限值时对应的断层错动量减小,导致管道局部屈曲失效提前;无内压管道和有内压管道的屈曲形式不同,在应力集中处分别呈现为内陷屈曲和鼓胀屈曲;腐蚀深厚比等4项参数与管道压应变响应高度相关,且随断层错动量增加相关性由线性相关转变为非线性相关;已完成训练的BP神经网络模型在管道压应变响应验证集和测试集上的最大预测误差分别为13.60%和12.84%,均小于15%,对于跨逆断层在役埋地管道的地震响应具有良好的预测性能和泛化能力。

, correspAuthors=侯本伟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 侯本伟(1984–),现任副教授,主要从事生命线地震工程领域的研究工作。E-mail:
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HAN Junyan (1983–), associate professor, is engaged in research on seismic resistance of underground structures. E-mail:

韩俊艳(1983–),现任副教授,主要从事地下结构抗震方面的研究。E-mail:

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HAN Junyan (1983–), associate professor, is engaged in research on seismic resistance of underground structures. E-mail:

韩俊艳(1983–),现任副教授,主要从事地下结构抗震方面的研究。E-mail:

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HAN Junyan (1983–), associate professor, is engaged in research on seismic resistance of underground structures. E-mail:

韩俊艳(1983–),现任副教授,主要从事地下结构抗震方面的研究。E-mail:

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articleId=1274300129940103616, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=shQ7nhSJ1H6yKtf5ZAsTDA==, figureFileBig=IJ0UJrthhLqgodvAQlU8RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368825639330581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=CN, label=Fig.23, caption=Comparison between predicted values and expected values for peak axial compressive strain of the pipeline in validation set, figureFileSmall=shQ7nhSJ1H6yKtf5ZAsTDA==, figureFileBig=IJ0UJrthhLqgodvAQlU8RQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368826071343894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=wEHHGNKRg2Lt+QZ+KKrV/Q==, figureFileBig=dK6hVR3VsH8I5LJsQEGoKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368826142647063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=CN, label=Fig.24, caption=Prediction results of BP neural network for test set, figureFileSmall=wEHHGNKRg2Lt+QZ+KKrV/Q==, figureFileBig=dK6hVR3VsH8I5LJsQEGoKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368826213950232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=B893XafS3tWOO4kmN36Prw==, figureFileBig=QNaJxHLOzhBvXWJpTHEGQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368826343973657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=CN, label=Fig.25, caption=Comparison between predicted values and expected values for peak axial compressive strain of the pipeline in test set, figureFileSmall=B893XafS3tWOO4kmN36Prw==, figureFileBig=QNaJxHLOzhBvXWJpTHEGQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274368826406888218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Soil messDensity/(kg·m3)Elastic modulus/MPaPoisson's ratio νInternal friction angle φ/(°)Cohesion/kPaDilation angleψ/( °)
Clay1 960200.333.5263
), ArticleFig(id=1274368826473997083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mechanical parameters of soil in Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Soil messDensity/(kg·m3)Elastic modulus/MPaPoisson's ratio νInternal friction angle φ/(°)Cohesion/kPaDilation angleψ/( °)
Clay1 960200.333.5263
), ArticleFig(id=1274368826536911644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Failure modesCorresponding indicatorSelected limits
Tensile fractureAllowable tensile strain[εt]0.02
Local bucklingAllowable compressive strain[εc]1.76t/D
Excessive cross - sectional deformationLimit ellipticity[ f ]0.15
), ArticleFig(id=1274368826604020509, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=

Identification of the selected failure modes in this paper

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Failure modesCorresponding indicatorSelected limits
Tensile fractureAllowable tensile strain[εt]0.02
Local bucklingAllowable compressive strain[εc]1.76t/D
Excessive cross - sectional deformationLimit ellipticity[ f ]0.15
), ArticleFig(id=1274368826784375582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Failure modesCritical fault displacement /m
d/t = 0.0d/t = 0.1d/t = 0.2d/t = 0.3d/t = 0.4
Local buckling1.100.800.340.270.24
Tensile fracture
Excessive cross - sectional deformation
), ArticleFig(id=1274368826868261663, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=

Critical fault displacement corresponding to pipeline failure at different corrosion depths of the top of the lower coil pipe

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Failure modesCritical fault displacement /m
d/t = 0.0d/t = 0.1d/t = 0.2d/t = 0.3d/t = 0.4
Local buckling1.100.800.340.270.24
Tensile fracture
Excessive cross - sectional deformation
), ArticleFig(id=1274368826947953440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Failure modesCritical fault displacement/m
D/t = 72D/t = 96D/t = 144
Local buckling0.370.240.19
Tensile fracture
Excessive cross - sectional deformation
), ArticleFig(id=1274368827040228129, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=CN, label=Table 4, caption=

Critical fault displacement corresponding to pipeline failure at different diameter-to-thickness ratios

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Failure modesCritical fault displacement/m
D/t = 72D/t = 96D/t = 144
Local buckling0.370.240.19
Tensile fracture
Excessive cross - sectional deformation
), ArticleFig(id=1274368827136697122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Failure modesCritical fault displacement/m
P = 0 MPaP = 2 MPaP = 4 MPaP = 6 MPa
Local buckling0.610.320.240.16
Tensile fracture
Excessive cross - sectional deformation
), ArticleFig(id=1274368827228971811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=CN, label=Table 5, caption=

Critical fault displacement corresponding to pipeline failure under different internal pressures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Failure modesCritical fault displacement/m
P = 0 MPaP = 2 MPaP = 4 MPaP = 6 MPa
Local buckling0.610.320.240.16
Tensile fracture
Excessive cross - sectional deformation
), ArticleFig(id=1274368827300274980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Failure modesCritical fault displacement/m
h = 1.0 mh = 1.5 mh = 2.0 mh = 2.5 m
Local buckling1.130.530.340.32
Tensile fracture
Excessive cross - sectional deformation
), ArticleFig(id=1274368827358995237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=CN, label=Table 6, caption=

Critical fault displacement corresponding to pipeline failure at different burial depths

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Failure modesCritical fault displacement/m
h = 1.0 mh = 1.5 mh = 2.0 mh = 2.5 m
Local buckling1.130.530.340.32
Tensile fracture
Excessive cross - sectional deformation
), ArticleFig(id=1274368827430298406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Case IDPeak axial compressive strain of the pipelinePercentage error/%
Expected valuePredicted value
20.045 70.048 66.48
40.009 50.010 813.38
60.013 30.012 74.53
80.001 70.001 911.31
100.004 00.004 26.84
120.165 10.150 88.68
140.013 30.014 48.22
160.189 60.177 86.20
180.003 80.003 93.42
200.003 10.003 411.40
220.005 70.005 36.68
240.004 70.004 111.73
260.183 20.168 97.76
280.012 20.013 913.60
300.082 40.093 012.86
320.026 20.024 56.52
340.011 60.012 25.07
360.012 60.011 49.84
380.020 80.023 211.41
400.079 70.089 011.68
420.196 50.214 49.11
440.019 70.017 99.47
460.068 90.073 87.13
480.016 50.018 09.12
500.129 00.117 88.68
520.053 00.048 19.16
), ArticleFig(id=1274368827493212967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=CN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison of errors between predicted values and expected values for peak axial compressive strain of the pipeline in validation set

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Case IDPeak axial compressive strain of the pipelinePercentage error/%
Expected valuePredicted value
20.045 70.048 66.48
40.009 50.010 813.38
60.013 30.012 74.53
80.001 70.001 911.31
100.004 00.004 26.84
120.165 10.150 88.68
140.013 30.014 48.22
160.189 60.177 86.20
180.003 80.003 93.42
200.003 10.003 411.40
220.005 70.005 36.68
240.004 70.004 111.73
260.183 20.168 97.76
280.012 20.013 913.60
300.082 40.093 012.86
320.026 20.024 56.52
340.011 60.012 25.07
360.012 60.011 49.84
380.020 80.023 211.41
400.079 70.089 011.68
420.196 50.214 49.11
440.019 70.017 99.47
460.068 90.073 87.13
480.016 50.018 09.12
500.129 00.117 88.68
520.053 00.048 19.16
), ArticleFig(id=1274368827560321832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Case IDPeak axial compressive strain of the pipelinePercentage error/%
Expected valuePredicted value
540.059 50.057 53.36
560.132 50.149 512.83
580.197 30.217 310.13
600.006 00.006 46.64
620.031 40.029 46.36
640.155 70.135 712.84
660.003 80.004 311.66
680.042 90.038 99.33
700.109 70.120 710.02
720.016 40.018 412.19
740.065 40.070 47.65
760.167 10.187 111.97
780.045 60.049 68.78
800.113 20.103 28.83
820.179 20.199 211.16
840.012 20.013 510.64
860.002 60.002 911.54
880.030 80.033 89.74
900.016 00.018 012.53
920.022 50.024 58.90
940.137 60.125 68.71
960.022 80.020 88.77
980.059 30.065 310.13
1000.149 60.157 65.35
1020.014 30.013 37.01
1040.011 80.012 88.45
), ArticleFig(id=1274368827627430697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300129940103616, language=CN, label=Table 8, caption=

Comparison of errors between predicted values and expected values for peak axial compressive strain of the pipeline in test set

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Case IDPeak axial compressive strain of the pipelinePercentage error/%
Expected valuePredicted value
540.059 50.057 53.36
560.132 50.149 512.83
580.197 30.217 310.13
600.006 00.006 46.64
620.031 40.029 46.36
640.155 70.135 712.84
660.003 80.004 311.66
680.042 90.038 99.33
700.109 70.120 710.02
720.016 40.018 412.19
740.065 40.070 47.65
760.167 10.187 111.97
780.045 60.049 68.78
800.113 20.103 28.83
820.179 20.199 211.16
840.012 20.013 510.64
860.002 60.002 911.54
880.030 80.033 89.74
900.016 00.018 012.53
920.022 50.024 58.90
940.137 60.125 68.71
960.022 80.020 88.77
980.059 30.065 310.13
1000.149 60.157 65.35
1020.014 30.013 37.01
1040.011 80.012 88.45
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逆断层震错耦合下含腐蚀缺陷埋地管道地震响应及预测方法研究
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韩俊艳 , 赵仕泽 , 毕延松 , 侯本伟 * , 许成顺
岩石力学与工程学报 | 数值模拟与人工智能 2026,45(2): 537-552
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岩石力学与工程学报 | 数值模拟与人工智能 2026, 45(2): 537-552
逆断层震错耦合下含腐蚀缺陷埋地管道地震响应及预测方法研究
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韩俊艳 , 赵仕泽, 毕延松, 侯本伟* , 许成顺
作者信息
  • 北京工业大学 城市与工程安全减灾教育部重点实验室,北京 100124
  • HAN Junyan (1983–), associate professor, is engaged in research on seismic resistance of underground structures. E-mail:

    韩俊艳(1983–),现任副教授,主要从事地下结构抗震方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 侯本伟(1984–),现任副教授,主要从事生命线地震工程领域的研究工作。E-mail:
Seismic response and predictive method for corroded buried pipelines under coupled reverse-fault displacement
Junyan HAN , Shize ZHAO, Yansong BI, Benwei HOU* , Chengshun XU
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Urban and Engineering Safety and Disaster Reduction of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
出版时间: 2026-02-01 doi: 10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0422
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传统有限元方法开展数值模型批量计算易受计算资源限制且耗时较长,基于BP神经网络构建的结构响应预测方法可有效提高计算效率。采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立跨逆断层含腐蚀缺陷埋地管道三维数值模型,研究管道腐蚀深厚比、径厚比、内压和埋深四项关键参数对管道地震响应的影响规律。基于参数分析结果,将断层错动量及以上4项参数输入,以管道轴向峰值压应变作为输出参数,构建基于BP神经网络的跨逆断层含腐蚀缺陷埋地管道地震响应预测模型,并结合数值计算结果数据集对预测模型进行了训练和验证。结果表明:管道腐蚀深厚比、径厚比、内压、埋深的增加均会导致管道下盘峰值压应变达到限值时对应的断层错动量减小,导致管道局部屈曲失效提前;无内压管道和有内压管道的屈曲形式不同,在应力集中处分别呈现为内陷屈曲和鼓胀屈曲;腐蚀深厚比等4项参数与管道压应变响应高度相关,且随断层错动量增加相关性由线性相关转变为非线性相关;已完成训练的BP神经网络模型在管道压应变响应验证集和测试集上的最大预测误差分别为13.60%和12.84%,均小于15%,对于跨逆断层在役埋地管道的地震响应具有良好的预测性能和泛化能力。

地质工程  /  逆断层  /  埋地管道  /  震错耦合  /  腐蚀缺陷  /  BP神经网络

Conventional finite element methods for large-scale numerical simulations are often constrained by high computational demands and extended runtimes. To enhance efficiency, we developed a predictive model based on a backpropagation (BP) neural network. A three-dimensional finite element model of a buried pipeline with corrosion defects crossing a reverse fault was established using ABAQUS. We systematically analyzed the effects of four key parameters—corrosion depth-to-thickness ratio, diameter-to-thickness ratio, internal pressure, and burial depth—on the seismic response of the pipeline. In this parametric study, fault displacement and the four key parameters served as inputs to the BP neural network, with the pipeline’s axial peak compressive strain as the output. The model was trained and validated using training, validation, and test datasets. Results indicate that increasing the corrosion depth-to-thickness ratio, diameter-to-thickness ratio, internal pressure, or burial depth reduces the fault displacement necessary for the lower section of the pipeline to reach its strain limit. Failure modes differ between unpressurized and pressurized pipelines, exhibiting inward local buckling and outward bulging, respectively, at stress concentration zones. The four parameters are highly correlated with the compressive strain response, with correlations transitioning from linear to nonlinear as fault displacement increases. The trained BP neural network achieves maximum prediction errors of 13.60% on the validation set and 12.84% on the test set, both below 15%, demonstrating robust accuracy and generalization in predicting the seismic response of in-service buried pipelines across reverse faults.

geological engineering  /  reverse fault  /  buried pipeline  /  seismic-fault coupling  /  corrosion defect  /  BP neural network
韩俊艳, 赵仕泽, 毕延松, 侯本伟, 许成顺. 逆断层震错耦合下含腐蚀缺陷埋地管道地震响应及预测方法研究. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2026 , 45 (2) : 537 -552 . DOI: 10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0422
Junyan HAN, Shize ZHAO, Yansong BI, Benwei HOU, Chengshun XU. Seismic response and predictive method for corroded buried pipelines under coupled reverse-fault displacement[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2026 , 45 (2) : 537 -552 . DOI: 10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0422
我国地处环太平洋与欧亚地震带交汇处,活动断层分布广泛,长输管道不可避免地穿越地震高风险区。我国重要管道工程如西气东输一线途经5条地震带和8条活动断层,西气东输二线途经14条活动断层,西气东输三线途经5条地震带和30多条断裂带[1];冀宁管道工程穿越18条断裂带[2];涩宁兰输气管道穿越7条活动断裂带[3]。国内外已有震害案例[4-7]也表明,埋地管道常因地震与断层耦合作用引发的大应变而发生拉伸断裂或屈曲失效,造成严重的经济损失与次生灾害。
目前国内外学者对跨断层长线型地下结构的抗震研究逐渐从单一地震动或静力断层错动向地震–断层耦合作用拓展。在跨断层隧道研究领域不少学者开始考虑地震–断层耦合作用的影响:信春雷等[8]开展了跨走滑断层隧道结构地震破坏机制的振动台模型试验研究,探究了地震单独作用与震错耦合下隧道的响应特征和破坏机制。闫高明等[9]采用振动台模型试验研究了震错耦合加载方式下带柔性接头的隧道衬砌响应特征,发现震错耦合会放大衬砌接头的加速度响应,剪切破坏严重。陈之毅和郭远鹏[10]采用数值模拟方法,量化了地震动单独作用、断层静力错动和震错耦合3种加载方式下隧道结构的损伤情况,证明了地震–断层耦合作用对跨断层隧道响应的影响不可忽略。相比之下,跨断层埋地管道的研究多数学者仍将断层错动简化为静力线性位移[11],仅有少数学者考虑了地震动与断层动态耦合的协同效应。W. W. Sim等[12]通过振动台试验发现震错耦合下管道应变响应与静态假设存在偏差;范晓庆[13]进一步探究了动态位移时程对管道变形规律的复杂影响。J. Y. Han等[14]开展的埋地腐蚀管道研究发现,腐蚀缺陷会加剧断层错动下的局部应变集中,使管道更易发生屈曲或断裂。综上所述,目前国内外学者对震错耦合下埋地管道的响应研究已经取得了初步进展,含腐蚀缺陷管道的失效问题也得到了关注,但目前仍未完全解决震错耦合下在役管道响应及失效模式分析这一难题。
传统数值模拟方法依赖大量有限元计算,效率低且成本高昂。机器学习凭借其高效性与高精度,为地下结构响应预测提供了新思路。郑 倩等[15]基于BP神经网络实现了跨走滑断层管道应变响应的快速预测,最大相对误差低于10%;李 杨等[16]结合遗传算法优化BP神经网络,显著提升了海底管道应变预测精度;马素健[17]利用BP神经网络建立活动断层作用下隧道的损伤范围预测模型,通过断层和隧道的各项参数预测隧道衬砌的破坏范围;这些研究验证了机器学习在地下结构响应预测中的潜力,为复杂工况下的管道抗震分析提供了新手段。
本研究基于ABAQUS软件建立跨逆断层含腐蚀缺陷管道的三维有限元模型,系统探究逆断层震错耦合下不同腐蚀深度、径厚比、内压及埋深对管道地震响应的影响规律。进一步基于有限元计算结果构建数据集,训练BP神经网络预测模型并验证其性能,以期为跨断层在役管道的抗震设计与高效计算提供理论依据和技术支撑。
基于ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立跨逆断层在役埋地管道三维数值模型。I. Anastasopoulos等[18]研究表明,对于逆断层,断层倾角φ= 60°及管道与断层交叉角β= 90°组合是埋地管道受力的不利情况,在此组合下管道的响应强烈,可以更为直观地展示不同失效模式的破坏特征。因此本文选择断层倾角φ= 60°及管道与断层交叉角β= 90°的组合工况。为了消除边界条件的影响,确定土体尺寸为8 m×10 m×60 m[19],管道的直径(包含壁厚)D = 0.914 4 m[20],基础埋深为2 m[21],基础壁厚t = 0.011 9 m。网格划分时,土体采用八节点减缩实体单元(C3D8R),管道采用四节点减缩厚壳单元(S4R),在断层面20 m范围内精细化网格,模型共18 480个单元,模型如图1所示。
土体采用Mohr-Coulomb本构模型,具体参数如表1所示。管道选择API 5L X65钢管,管道模型本构关系采用我国现行规范[21]推荐的Ramberg- Osgood本构模型进行拟合。应力–应变关系如下所示:
ε=σE[1+r1+n(σσy)n]
式中:ε为总应变;σ为应力(MPa);σy为管材屈服应力,取值为448.5 MPa;E为管材弹性模量,取值为210 GPa;nr为常数,分别取14和8[22]
考虑到管道的外表面和土体会产生相互作用和相对滑移,因此在建立模型时采用表面–表面的离散化方法以及法向硬接触和切向罚摩擦公式来模拟管–土相互作用和断层的错动作用,管–土之间的摩擦因数选用0.4[23],土体之间的摩擦因数选用0.6[24]
与静力错动和先错后震相比,震错耦合将断层滑动与由此产生的地震波传播视为一个耦合的整体,统一分析两者同时发生及其相互作用的效应。通过这种方法,可以更准确地模拟近断层区域复杂的地面运动,其中永久位移和瞬时震动均对结构响应有显著影响。
依据孙静怡[25]对跨断层桥梁结构地震响应的研究,将场地基岩设计反应谱设为目标谱,从美国NGA加速度记录数据库中选取了1992年Landers地震中的2条相互垂直的水平向加速度记录(LANDERS/LCN–260和LANDERS/LCN–345)作为初始地震动,记录台站的断层投影距为2.2 km,用单脉冲函数来调整时程,通过反复地迭代对初始加速度时程进行调整,直至满足目标反应谱拟合的精度需求,获得含地面永久位移的近断层地震动。
震错耦合荷载施加方法是:假设主动盘一侧沿断层面方向输入的地震动分量包含全部永久位移,被动盘一侧输入的地震动不包含断层永久位移,在断层上下盘间形成位移时程差异。输入的地震动是根据场地基岩地震动加速度拟合获得的含永久位移的地震动(Y1)和不含永久位移的地震动(N1),如图2所示。施加的断层错动量M参考已有的经验预测公式[26],计算求得为1.2 m。调整地震动的峰值加速度PGA来改变Y1二次积分后的永久位移大小,获得1.2 m位移量,对应Y1与N1的PGA均为0.8 g,对应的位移时程曲线如图3所示。
选用均匀壁厚缺陷作为腐蚀统一形貌。均匀腐蚀缺陷的三维尺寸由深度d、环向长度c和纵向长度l共同确定,Z. Zhang等[27]研究表明,局部腐蚀区域可延伸至管道环向长度的25%。考虑内腐蚀的最不利情况,本文拟定腐蚀区域的环向长度为0.24 m,并假设腐蚀纵向长度l与环向长度c一致,将腐蚀区域简化成边长为0.24 m的正方形,如图4所示。
为找出管道内腐蚀最不利位置,先计算完好管道在逆断层60°倾角工况下的力学响应,依据应力云图确定受力集中处,于断层上下盘管道局部屈曲位置设顶部内腐蚀缺陷。如图5所示,图中d为腐蚀深度,c为腐蚀区域的边长,L1L2分别为上下盘屈曲位置距断层面距离。韩俊艳等[28]研究表明,下盘腐蚀会导致管道屈曲失效显著提前,是最不利情况,因此本文选择的腐蚀位置为下盘管道应力集中处。
定义腐蚀深度d与管道壁厚t比值为腐蚀深厚比d/t,即腐蚀深度占管道壁厚的比例大小。根据庆–哈输油气管线首站至中一站的管道体积型缺陷统计数据[29],确定管道不同腐蚀深度的占比,设计出腐蚀深厚比为0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4五种腐蚀计算工况,d/t = 0时为完好管道,随腐蚀深厚比增大腐蚀程度加重,最严重腐蚀程度为管道壁厚的40%。
管道拉伸失效对应的容许拉应变[εt]采用美国土木工程协会埋地钢管设计规范(ASCE-ALA)给出的管道极限拉伸应变的建议值2%。
管道的容许压缩应变[εc]采用CSA-Z662—2007规范给出的对应压力完整性极限状态作为含腐蚀管道屈曲失效的判断依据,公式如下:
εccrit=1.76tD
式中:εccrit为管壁的极限压缩应变(MPa)。管道的容许压缩应变[εc]取值与外径D和壁厚t相关,需具体计算。本文所选失效模式判别如表2所示。
采用量纲一参数椭圆率f来衡量管道椭圆化程度,公式如下:
f=ΔDD
式中:ΔD为管道外径的变化量。当椭圆率达到0.15时管道发生破坏。
为验证本文数值模拟方法的可靠性,与H. H. Jalali等[30]已开展的跨逆断层管道足尺模型试验及数值模拟结果进行对比,采用了与试验相同的几何尺寸和试验参数建立验证模型。图6为断层错动0.6 m时,管道顶部和底部应变分布结果对比。由图可知,本文数值模拟得到的管顶和管底压应变峰值分别为0.085和0.109,对应的试验结果分别为0.081和0.115,误差最大为8%,吻合较好,与H. H. Jalali等[30]的数值模拟结果相比,本文模拟得到的管道应变峰值大小以及出现位置与试验结果更接近,验证了模型的可靠性。
为了验证震错耦合荷载施加方式的合理性,提取了断层上下盘相对位移时程,如图7所示。由图可知,断层上下盘相对位移曲线与地震位移时程走向一致,上下盘相对位移与地震动永久位移大小相同,场地变形响应可实现断层动态荷载的施加。图8为沿管道轴向和垂直管道轴向的场地加速度分量时程曲线图,从图中可以看出场地各深度处的加速度存在放大效应,随埋深减小加速度的放大效应增强。输入空间非一致地震动引发断层错动荷载得到的场地响应规律与现有研究结论高度符合[31],验证了震错耦合输入方式的合理性。
腐蚀形貌选择均匀壁厚缺陷,顶部腐蚀缺陷设置在下盘管道的应力集中处,并探究腐蚀深厚比d/t = 0.0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4时的管道地震响应。
图9为下盘管顶发生腐蚀,断层错动0.9 m时,不同腐蚀深度管道加密区的应力云图。由图可知,随腐蚀深厚比的增加,管道腐蚀位置的屈曲鼓胀程度更加显著,并且腐蚀位置的应力水平明显高于周边。逆断层震错耦合下,管道的应力集中位置关于断层面非对称分布,上盘管道屈曲位置距断层面的距离约为下盘管道屈曲位置的1/3。
图10(a)和(b)分别为下盘管顶不同腐蚀深度下管道下盘和上盘峰值轴向应变发展规律(图中,C和T分别表示受压区和受拉区)。由图可知,在相同断层错动量下下盘管顶腐蚀深厚比越大,管道下盘的峰值压应变越大,管道腐蚀加深造成管道发生局部屈曲的断层错动量提前,管道峰值压应变发展曲线上升加快;在相同断层错动量下下盘管顶腐蚀深厚比对管道上盘的峰值压应变影响不显著,管道发生屈曲破坏对应的断层错动量没有随腐蚀深厚比的增加而提前;下盘管顶腐蚀深厚比对管道峰值拉应变无影响,管道拉应变始终未达到失效限值。图10(c)为下盘管顶不同腐蚀深度下管道峰值椭圆率发展规律。由图可知,腐蚀对于管道截面变形影响较小,且不同腐蚀深度工况管道截面椭圆率均未达到失效限值。表3汇总了下盘管顶不同腐蚀深度下管道失效时的临界断层错动量。
为探究管道径厚比的影响,在保持管道外径、内压、埋深恒定的前提下,通过调整管道壁厚t,设定D/t分别为144,96,72三种计算工况。同时,将腐蚀位置设定在管道下盘应力集中处,并固定腐蚀深厚比d/t = 0.4,以此研究最不利腐蚀状况下管道的地震响应特性。
图11为下盘管顶发生腐蚀,断层错动0.9 m时,不同径厚比下管道加密区的应力云图。由图可知,随径厚比增大管道S型变形加剧,应力集中位置逐步出现屈曲褶皱,管道顶部腐蚀造成屈曲凸起更加严重,环向范围进一步扩大。D/t = 72时,仅在下盘出现微弱的屈曲现象;D/t = 96时,下盘屈曲程度加深,上盘未出现屈曲;D/t = 144时,下盘屈曲程度进一步加深,上盘出现屈曲,但屈曲程度弱于下盘。
图12(a)和(b)分别为下盘管顶腐蚀时不同径厚比下管道下盘和上盘峰值轴向应变发展规律。由图可知,相同断层错动量下径厚比越大,管道的峰值压应变越大,管道下盘峰值压应变发展迅速,更快地达到压应变限值,发生局部屈曲;管道上盘在D/t = 96和144下峰值压应变达到限值,对应的断层错动量要大于同条件下下盘管道局部屈曲破坏对应的断层错动量,即管道下盘要先于管道上盘发生破坏;径厚比对管道峰值拉应变无显著影响,管道拉应变始终未达到失效限值。图12(c)为下盘管顶腐蚀时不同径厚比下管道峰值椭圆率发展规律。由图可知,相同断层错动量下径厚比越大,管道截面刚度降低导致椭圆率增速和峰值增加,但并未达到椭圆率限值。表4汇总了下盘管顶腐蚀时不同径厚比下管道失效对应的临界断层错动量。
内压P作为输气管道流体输送的核心参数,其合理控制对提升输送效率、降低能耗并保障流体流动的稳定性与均匀性至关重要。为此设定0,2,4,6 MPa四种内压工况开展研究。在进行参数分析时,通过固定管道径厚比及埋深条件,同时假定腐蚀深厚比d/t = 0.4的最不利腐蚀状态,探究不同内压作用下管道的地震响应特性。
图13为下盘管顶发生腐蚀,断层错动0.9 m时,不同内压下管道加密区的应力云图。由图可知,随着管道内压的增大,下盘管道屈曲位置的应力分布逐渐集中。在管道内压P = 0 MPa时,即无压管道的屈曲模式表现为内陷压溃;在管道内压P = 2,4,6 MPa时,即有压管道的屈曲模式表现为鼓胀凸出。
图14(a)和(b)分别为下盘管顶腐蚀时不同内压下管道下盘和上盘峰值轴向应变发展规律。由图可知,相同断层错动量下内压越大,管道的峰值压应变越大,管道下盘峰值压应变发展迅速,管道更快达到压应变限值,屈曲现象提前出现;管道下盘峰值压应变发展缓慢,同条件下上盘峰值压应变达到限值对应的断层错动量要大于下盘,即管道下盘先于上盘出现局部屈曲破坏;内压对管道峰值拉应变无影响,管道拉应变始终未达到失效限值。图14(c)为下盘管顶腐蚀时不同内压下管道峰值椭圆率发展规律。由图可知,无内压管道截面变形程度较大,有压管道截面刚度大,抑制了管道截面变形的发展,但都未达到椭圆率限值。表5汇总了下盘管顶腐蚀时不同内压下管道失效对应的临界断层错动量。
为探究埋深因素对跨断层管道的力学响应及失效模式的影响,选取埋深1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5 m四种工况进行计算。在进行参数分析时,保持径厚比和内压不变,同时假定腐蚀深厚比d/t = 0.4,研究最不利腐蚀情况下的管道力学响应。
图15为下盘管顶发生腐蚀,断层错动0.9 m时,不同埋深下管道加密区的应力云图。由图可知,随着埋深增加,管道的变形程度加剧,且管道上、下盘应力集中处位置逐渐向断层面靠近。在埋深h = 1.0 m时,管道并未出现屈曲现象;在埋深h = 1.5,2.0,2.5 m时,仅在管道下盘应力集中处出现局部屈曲。
图16(a)和(b)分别为下盘管顶腐蚀时不同埋深下管道下盘和上盘峰值轴向应变发展规律。由图可知,在相同断层错动量下埋深越大,管道的压应变峰值越大,管道下盘压应变峰值发展迅速,更快达到压应变限值,屈曲现象提前出现;管道下盘峰值压应变发展缓慢,同条件下上盘峰值压应变达到限值对应的断层错动量要大于下盘;埋深对管道峰值拉应变无影响,管道拉应变始终未达到失效限值。图16(c)为下盘管顶腐蚀时不同内压下管道峰值椭圆率发展规律。由图可知,埋深对管道截面变形响应有一定程度影响,随埋深增加管道椭圆率增长加快,峰值增大,且在断层错动较大距离后不同埋深管道的椭圆率峰值差异更为明显,但都未达到椭圆率限值。表6汇总了下盘管顶腐蚀时不同埋深下管道失效对应的临界断层错动量。
本研究基于BP神经网络构建了跨逆断层在役埋地管道的地震响应预测模型[32]。通过引入Sigmoid激活函数的隐含层结构,充分发挥神经网络在高度非线性映射关系中的表征优势[15],以有限的数值模拟数据为训练样本,重点突破传统分析方法的计算效率瓶颈。
为探讨逆断层错动下在役埋地管道轴向压应变响应的主要影响因素,在建立BP神经网络预测模型之前,需要选取出于管道轴向压应变相关性较高的几项参数。很显然,断层错动量大小直接关系到管道响应程度,同时结合前面的参数分析结果,除断层错动量M之外,选取管道腐蚀深厚比d/t、管道径厚比D/t、管道内压P和管道埋深h四项参数,采用最小二乘迭代法,验证以上参数与逆断层错动下管道轴向压应变峰值εcmax的相关性。管道轴向压应变峰值εcmax实际为负值,为使结果展示更直观,以下均取εcmax的绝对值进行分析。
为确定管道腐蚀深厚比d/t与管道轴向压应变峰值εcmax之间的相关程度,分别取相同错动量下管道εcmaxd/t的变化规律进行分析。取腐蚀深厚比分别为0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,固定断层错动量为0.3,0.6,0.9,1.2 m,D/t = 96,P = 4 MPa,h = 2 m,绘制各个错动量下管道εcmax与腐蚀深厚比d/t的散点图,并拟合曲线,如图17所示。
分析逆断层错动下管道εcmax随腐蚀深厚比d/t变化曲线可知,随着断层错动量增大,管道应变响应与腐蚀深厚比之间由线性相关转变为非线性相关,决定系数R2最小为0.94,最大为0.99,均大于0.8,说明在断层错动量一定的情况下,管道轴向压应变峰值εcmax与腐蚀深厚比d/t之间具有较高的相关性。
为确定管道径厚比D/t与管道轴向压应变峰值εcmax之间的相关程度,分别取相同错动量下管道εcmaxD/t的变化规律进行分析。取管道径厚比分别为58,74,96,144,固定断层错动量为0.3,0.6,0.9,1.2 m,d/t = 0.4,P = 4 MPa,h = 2 m,绘制各个错动量下管道εcmax与径厚比D/t的散点图,并拟合曲线,如图18所示。
分析逆断层错动下管道εcmax随径厚比D/t变化曲线可知,随着断层错动量增大,管道应变响应与腐蚀深厚比之间由线性相关转变为非线性相关,决定系数R2最小为0.93,最大为0.99,均大于0.8,说明在断层错动量一定的情况下,管道轴向压应变峰值εcmax与径厚比D/t之间具有较高的相关性。
为确定管道内压P与管道轴向压应变峰值εcmax之间的相关程度,分别取相同错动量下管道εcmaxP的变化规律进行分析。取管道内压分别为0,2,4,6 MPa,固定断层错动量为0.3,0.6,0.9,1.2 m,d/t = 0.4,D/t = 96,h = 2 m,绘制各个错动量下管道εcmax与内压P的散点图,并拟合曲线,如图19所示。
分析逆断层错动下管道εcmax随内压P变化曲线可知,随着断层错动量增大,管道应变响应与内压之间均呈现非线性相关,决定系数R2最小为0.94,最大为0.98,均大于0.8,说明在断层错动量一定的情况下,管道轴向压应变峰值εcmax与内压P之间具有较高的相关性。
为确定管道埋深h与管道轴向压应变峰值εcmax之间的相关程度,分别取相同错动量下管道εcmaxh的变化规律进行分析。取管道埋深h分别为1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5 m,固定断层错动量为0.3,0.6,0.9,1.2 m,d/t = 0.4,D/t = 96,P = 4 MPa,绘制各个错动量下管道εcmax与埋深h的散点图,并拟合曲线,如图20所示。
分析逆断层错动下管道εcmax随埋深h变化曲线可知,随着断层错动量增大,管道应变响应与埋深之间由线性相关转变为非线性相关,决定系数R2最小为0.90,最大为0.97,均大于0.8,说明在断层错动量一定的情况下,管道轴向压应变峰值εcmax与埋深h之间具有较强的相关性。
综上所述,根据决定系数R2可以将腐蚀深厚比d/t、管道径厚比D/t、管道内压P、管道埋深h对管道应变响应程度进行划分:腐蚀深厚比d/t>管道径厚比D/t>管道内压P>管道埋深h。4项主要参数单独对于管道轴向压应变峰值εcmax进行相关性分析发现均具有较强的相关性,因此在建立BP神经网络算法预测模型时,除断层错动量M之外,需要将上述参数同样作为预测模型的输入参数。
本文采用MATLAB科学计算软件编写BP神经网络预测模型代码,具体的建模流程如图21所示:
(1)将跨逆断层在役埋地管道数值模型的计算结果进行处理,将断层错动量M、腐蚀深厚比d/t、管道径厚比D/t、管道内压P和管道埋深h作为输入参数,管道轴向峰值压应变εcmax作为输出参数,将处理完毕的数据样本导入到编写好的MATLAB程序中。
(2)利用Mapminmax函数将输入数据归一化,并采用Randeperm函数将数据随机打乱,将处理后的数据按70%,15%,15%的比例划分为训练集、验证集和测试集,开始构建网络。
(3)设置BP神经网络参数的初始化设置,包括最大训练次数、学习率和训练误差阈值,多次迭代调整权重和偏置项至达到模型终止条件[33]
(4)将输出数据反归一化,得到管道εcmax的预测输出结果,并计算相关指标决定系数R2和均方根误差RMSE
基于含有244组数据的训练集完成BP神经网络模型训练,而后对含有52组数据的验证集进行预测,并拟合曲线如图22所示,直线y = x代表预测值等于期望值,即预测点越接近该直线说明该点预测结果越准确。由图可知,验证集管道轴向压应变峰值的预测值和期望值较为接近,尤其在应变响应较小的情况下,预测值和期望值的离散度较小,而随着断层错动量增大,管道材料进入弹塑性阶段,同时管–土交界面的相互作用更为复杂,造成管道应变的预测值和期望值离散度增大。总体而言,已完成训练的BP神经网络模型得到的管道轴向压应变峰值预测结果决定系数R2= 0.97,接近于1,均方根误差RMSE= 0.006 9,接近于0,表明已完成训练的BP神经网络模型在管道轴向应变响应指标上的预测效果良好。
提取验证集部分工况的期望值和预测值,计算并汇总各工况误差,如图23表7所示。由图表可知,验证集管道应变预测结果的最大误差为13.60%,未高于15%,仍处于工程计算分析可接受误差范围内,印证了已建立的BP神经网络模型具备优良的预测性能和较高的准确度。
由于含有52组数据的测试集并未参与训练,未被BP神经网络认知,所以采用已完成训练的BP神经网络对测试集中的管道轴向压应变峰值进行预测,预测结果如图24所示,决定系数R2= 0.96接近于1,均方根误差RMSE= 0.008 3接近于0,预测结果精度较高,说明该模型具有优秀的预测以及泛化性能[31]
提取测试集部分工况的期望值和预测值,计算并汇总各工况误差,如图25表8所示。由图表可知,测试集管道轴向压应变峰值预测结果的最大误差为12.84%,未高于15%,印证了已完成训练的BP神经网络模型在具备优良预测性能的同时,兼备出色的泛化性能。
本文采用数值模拟方法,系统研究了腐蚀深厚比、径厚比等关键参数对跨逆断层埋地管道地震响应与失效模式的影响规律,结合有限元分析与人工神经网络技术,提出了一种基于BP神经网络的跨逆断层在役埋地管道地震响应预测模型,并验证了模型的预测准确性和泛化能力,得出以下主要结论:
(1)含腐蚀缺陷管道在逆断层震错耦合下,腐蚀促使管道地震响应愈发剧烈,相比完好管道,20%腐蚀深度即可使管道屈曲失效对应错动量降低至完好管道的30%,严重削弱管道的抗震性能,导致屈曲失效大幅提前。
(2)管道径厚比减小使得管道抗弯刚度提升,逆断层震错耦合下管道的“S型”变形程度显著降低,管道发生屈曲失效对应临界断层错动量最高增幅约50%;管道内压与管道局部屈曲形式密切相关,无压管道在应力集中位置产生内陷屈曲,截面椭圆率高出有压管道约45%;有压管道的应力集中范围更小,发生均匀凸出的鼓胀屈曲,一定程度抑制截面过度变形,随内压增大管道屈曲失效对应错动量最高降幅约50%;管道埋深增加将改变管道周边应力状态,管道周围土压力与管–土摩擦力增大,管道在断层运动下的地震响应逐渐增加,随埋深增大管道屈曲失效对应错动量最高降幅约53%。
(3)实际工程中,建议在预算范围内管道尽量采用D/t<100的厚壁、浅埋管道,工作内压维持在50%Pmax以上。
(4)已完成训练的BP神经网络模型,对于验证集管道地震响应预测结果的决定系数R2高达0.97接近于1,均方根误差RMSE= 0.006 9接近于0,预测结果的最大误差为13.60%<15%;将未参与训练的测试集数据输入模型,可得到BP神经网络模型预测管道地震响应的R2高达0.96接近于1,均方根误差RMSE = 0.008 3接近于0,预测结果的最大误差为12.84%<15%,表明对于跨逆断层在役埋地管道的地震响应,已完成训练的BP神经网络模型同时具备良好的预测精度和出色的泛化能力。
  • 国家自然科学基金资助项目(52494961; 5220105011)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC3808804)
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doi: 10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0422
  • 接收时间:2025-06-19
  • 首发时间:2026-06-18
  • 出版时间:2026-02-01
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-19
  • 修回日期:2025-08-24
基金
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52494961; 5220105011)
国家自然科学基金资助项目(52494961; 5220105011)
National Key Research and Development Program(2024YFC3808804)
国家重点研发计划项目(2024YFC3808804)
作者信息
    北京工业大学 城市与工程安全减灾教育部重点实验室,北京 100124

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* 侯本伟(1984–),现任副教授,主要从事生命线地震工程领域的研究工作。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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