Article(id=1274300097294819609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, issueId=1274300092707266809, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/1000-6915.jrme.2025.0521, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753027200000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-21, revisedDate=1758470400000, revisedDateStr=2025-09-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1781746418483, onlineDateStr=2026-06-18, pubDate=1769875200000, pubDateStr=2026-02-01, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1781746418483, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-18, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1781746418483, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781746418483, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1274300092707266809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, year='2026', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='321', pageEnd='638', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1781746417452, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1781746463571, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1274300286466335306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, issueId=1274300092707266809, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1274300286466335307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, issueId=1274300092707266809, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=594, endPage=612, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1274300097793941787, articleId=1274300097294819609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, language=EN, title=An approach to assess the seepage stability of geotextile filters based on soil-water interaction theory and its application, columnId=null, journalTitle=Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
How can the essential requirements of retention, hydraulic conductivity, and clogging for geotextile filters be simultaneously satisfied? Coordinating the assessment of their seepage stability performance is crucial. To achieve this, sixteen soil-geotextile column hydraulic gradient ratio tests were conducted using four typical geotextiles. The seepage stability was evaluated based on hydraulic conductivity, stable hydraulic gradient ratio, and the washout of soil fines observed during the tests. Additionally, both the grain size of the soil and the constriction size of the geotextile were treated as random variables. Utilizing soil-water interaction theory, a retention assessment approach was proposed based on the probability of ineffective retention. The performance limits of retention were determined using data from eighty-five experimentally assessed soil-geotextile columns. Furthermore, a hydraulic conductivity assessment approach was developed, considering the partial clogging of the geotextile due to the formation of a bridging structure. The results indicate that the proposed design criterion surpasses previously published criteria in effectively distinguishing between clogging or blinding in ineffective and effective systems. It was found that polypropylene long-filament geotextiles with a high mass per unit area are particularly well-suited for use as filters.
, correspAuthors=Zhao ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* ZHANG Zhao (1983–), professor, is engaged in meso-macro scopic hydraulic and mechanical behavior for unsaturated soils and special soils. E-mail:
zhangzhao_1983@126.com , copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhao ZHANG, Hao MA, Yuan'ao ZHANG, Zhao ZHANG, Zihao ZHOU, Yuexuan SHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1274300112113295680, articleId=1274300097294819609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, language=CN, title=基于水–土相互作用理论的土工织物渗透稳定性能判别方法及应用, columnId=1274300098620219676, journalTitle=岩石力学与工程学报, columnName=土工基础, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
如何同时满足土工织物滤土、透水性能及其淤堵程度的要求,是协同发挥其作为反滤料时的渗透稳定性能的关键。为此,先通过物性试验选取4种典型的无纺土工织物为研究对象,进而在常水头条件下开展16组含土工织物土柱的水力坡降比试验,通过测算其渗透系数、平衡时的水力坡降比和细粒冲刷流失量评估其渗透稳定性能;其次,基于水–土相互作用理论,以被保护土的粒径和土工织物的孔径为随机变量,提出用失效概率表示的土工织物滤土性能判别方法,进而依据现有文献和本文试验评估的85组含土工织物土柱数据划分滤土性能界限;最后,采用土工织物淤堵后的渗透系数比值判定其表面形成桥接结构时的透水性能及其局部淤堵程度,并将提出的土工织物性能判别方法应用于反滤料设计中,结果表明:提出的方法对性能有效和堵塞或闭塞型失效的划分准确度优于现有方法,在设计时建议选取单位面积质量较大的聚丙烯纤维长丝土工织物作为反滤料。
, correspAuthors=张昭, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
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1, 2, *, address=
1.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi'an University of Technology, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710048, China
2.State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area, Xi'an University of Technology, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710048, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1274369013660590811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, authorId=1274369013215994582, language=CN, stringName=张昭, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, *, address=
1.西安理工大学 土木建筑工程学院,陕西 西安 710048
2.西安理工大学 旱区水工程生态环境全国重点实验室,陕西 西安 710048, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1274369012658152138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274369012666540747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, companyId=1274369012658152138, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1, address=
1.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi'an University of Technology, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710048, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1274369014851773152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, authorId=1274369014012912349, language=CN, stringName=马浩, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, address=
1.西安理工大学 土木建筑工程学院,陕西 西安 710048, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1274369012658152138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274369012666540747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, companyId=1274369012658152138, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi'an University of Technology, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274369012679123660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, companyId=1274369012658152138, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1, address=
1.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi'an University of Technology, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710048, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1274369016005206757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, authorId=1274369015195706082, language=CN, stringName=张远傲, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.西安理工大学 土木建筑工程学院,陕西 西安 710048)])]), Author(id=1274369016093287143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1274369016453997289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, authorId=1274369016093287143, language=EN, stringName=Zhao ZHANG, firstName=Zhao, middleName=null, lastName=ZHANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, address=
3.China Construction Yangtze River (Malaysia) SDN BHD, Kuala Lumpur 50000, Malaysia, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1274369016936342250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, authorId=1274369016093287143, language=CN, stringName=张钊, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
3, address=
3.中建三局一公司马来西亚公司,马来西亚 吉隆坡 50000, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1274369013069193937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274369013085971154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, companyId=1274369013069193937, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1, address=
1.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi'an University of Technology, Shaanxi, Xi'an 710048, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1274369018169467631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, authorId=1274369017284469484, language=CN, stringName=周子豪, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
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1.西安理工大学 土木建筑工程学院,陕西 西安 710048, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1274369012658152138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274369012666540747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, companyId=1274369012658152138, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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19(13):3 718–3 741., articleTitle=Synthesis and mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced epoxy/polyester/polypropylene composites:a review, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1274369031851287341, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, awardId=42372336; 41877278, language=EN, fundingSource=National Natural Science Foundation of China(42372336; 41877278), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1274369031918396206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, awardId=42372336; 41877278, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金资助项目(42372336; 41877278), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1274369012658152138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1274369012666540747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, companyId=1274369012658152138, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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3.中建三局一公司马来西亚公司,马来西亚 吉隆坡 50000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1274369027489211139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=mdpeUB1GjTOrEK9AlR8w8w==, figureFileBig=63bVnReBlVhkkpb4m4ZeaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369027900252932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.1, caption=
Particle size distribution curves of four types of test soils, figureFileSmall=mdpeUB1GjTOrEK9AlR8w8w==, figureFileBig=63bVnReBlVhkkpb4m4ZeaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369028013499141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=I+GJsVUK3DggFARIqxMgRQ==, figureFileBig=re6zVBOgywlc2OdEGBL1pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369028076413702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.2, caption=
Internal stability assessment of four test soils based on three geometrical approaches, figureFileSmall=I+GJsVUK3DggFARIqxMgRQ==, figureFileBig=re6zVBOgywlc2OdEGBL1pw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369028193854215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=pkpKtmEbLAuJhwWcRaePCw==, figureFileBig=/HL3Z7+AmMHF4FlaiToduQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369028298711816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.3, caption=
Void size distributions of 10 kinds of geotextiles, figureFileSmall=pkpKtmEbLAuJhwWcRaePCw==, figureFileBig=/HL3Z7+AmMHF4FlaiToduQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369028390986505, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=1/kES8eV/Lv0qtMlFF51yQ==, figureFileBig=nfqMUSWsr0xnyFctLmsaDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369028449706762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.4, caption=
An apparatus of hydraulic gradient ratio test for soil-textile column under constant head, figureFileSmall=1/kES8eV/Lv0qtMlFF51yQ==, figureFileBig=nfqMUSWsr0xnyFctLmsaDg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369028521009931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=3VZxuwUWOeeLX1zf9oqNfA==, figureFileBig=XRr1I/yc7Fe8NRcL/dqvJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369028579730188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.5, caption=
Variation curves of hydraulic gradient ratio and hydraulic conductivity with time for soil-textile columns, figureFileSmall=3VZxuwUWOeeLX1zf9oqNfA==, figureFileBig=XRr1I/yc7Fe8NRcL/dqvJA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369028743308045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=KprAH8W+abEIxKPn4b45cA==, figureFileBig=y4+zHse4RF/sntdKuFyDcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369028806222606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.6, caption=
Approach to generate samples from grain-size distribution of soil and void-size distribution of geotextile, figureFileSmall=KprAH8W+abEIxKPn4b45cA==, figureFileBig=y4+zHse4RF/sntdKuFyDcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369028877525775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=hVZ1WPxcKXVt6CDqcPHBwg==, figureFileBig=+Ico3Q+PZea+c2yDuoJb8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369029145961232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.7, caption=
Response surface for dv(max) as a function of d100 and Dr, figureFileSmall=hVZ1WPxcKXVt6CDqcPHBwg==, figureFileBig=+Ico3Q+PZea+c2yDuoJb8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369029225653009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=JN1GQ/EhFJUC7Qy0K9njnw==, figureFileBig=QYsPdcUOHfNS1A4abqzNCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369029515059986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.8, caption=
Flowchart to calculate p(ir)m at m constriction layer, figureFileSmall=JN1GQ/EhFJUC7Qy0K9njnw==, figureFileBig=QYsPdcUOHfNS1A4abqzNCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369029615723283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=0QQ5dkfEKSlZ30+g5JNDHw==, figureFileBig=s5ZhDXkKd5kT1VpgzTVn7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369029695415060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.9, caption=
Effect of number of constriction layers (m) on p(ir), figureFileSmall=0QQ5dkfEKSlZ30+g5JNDHw==, figureFileBig=s5ZhDXkKd5kT1VpgzTVn7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369029770912533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=x5bpjO3NQj0GUfd6Y+Y3TQ==, figureFileBig=B5ClXQmUUBk5yUkITmIJVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369029888353046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.10, caption=
Washout and clogged soil grain-size distribution for a soil-geotextile, figureFileSmall=x5bpjO3NQj0GUfd6Y+Y3TQ==, figureFileBig=B5ClXQmUUBk5yUkITmIJVw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369029972239127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=vABKjgMO4HoCDilVyMo5Lg==, figureFileBig=N8HLVVKOlo67Ix8pTtp+yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369030081291032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.11, caption=
Goodness of fit of lognormal normal distribution to the measured data of void-size distribution and variation of COV for the capillary flow test data from reference[50], figureFileSmall=vABKjgMO4HoCDilVyMo5Lg==, figureFileBig=N8HLVVKOlo67Ix8pTtp+yw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369030152594201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=H8oQvSzWR0HbjittwDdmIA==, figureFileBig=mDvtTf1s+Kfx/4rskQkluQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369030228091674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.12, caption=
Estimation of the limit state of retention and comparison of proposed approach with published approaches in reference[9-11], figureFileSmall=H8oQvSzWR0HbjittwDdmIA==, figureFileBig=mDvtTf1s+Kfx/4rskQkluQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369030307783451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=HZTf2rvzodLB8rfLfvAqsw==, figureFileBig=tDnaeXEfkwn3w56eO7loOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369030400058140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.13, caption=
The deviation rates of the discriminant results of the filter soil performance by the approach in this paper and the four published approaches, figureFileSmall=HZTf2rvzodLB8rfLfvAqsw==, figureFileBig=tDnaeXEfkwn3w56eO7loOg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369030458778397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=ruZvAuXyHIgkQgH2GMaL9w==, figureFileBig=xaDgfNDiWu6QhN1IqL90Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369030525887262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.14, caption=
Estimation of the limit state of hydraulic conductivity and comparison of proposed approach with published approaches in reference[2,12-13], figureFileSmall=ruZvAuXyHIgkQgH2GMaL9w==, figureFileBig=xaDgfNDiWu6QhN1IqL90Ag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369030601384735, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=6pqSAdF6nG3bDYYiW8He4Q==, figureFileBig=uAQCvai447pf2m3Vflfb5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369030681076512, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.15, caption=
The deviation rates of the discriminant results of proposed approach and three published approaches on the performance of filter soil, figureFileSmall=6pqSAdF6nG3bDYYiW8He4Q==, figureFileBig=uAQCvai447pf2m3Vflfb5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369030815294241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=EgUmcbf1HSDQL4wv2BwblA==, figureFileBig=frdJIHGB7iQeoK98wVtP8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369030878208802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.16, caption=
Design flowchart of geotextile based on proposed assessment approach, figureFileSmall=EgUmcbf1HSDQL4wv2BwblA==, figureFileBig=frdJIHGB7iQeoK98wVtP8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369030941123363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=l7ISlCDkwebh86iMm8VvcA==, figureFileBig=roQ+I3F116sQLG/WWLC90g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369031004037924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Fig.17, caption=
Regions identified based on limit states of seepage stability performance for geotextile, figureFileSmall=l7ISlCDkwebh86iMm8VvcA==, figureFileBig=roQ+I3F116sQLG/WWLC90g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1274369031079535397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample No. | /mm | | | | | |
|---|
| Soil No. fine-3 | 0.09 | 4.81 | 0.73 | 2.61 | 0.78 | 0.43 |
| Soil No. fine-15 | 0.04 | 9.98 | 1.72 | 2.61 | 0.68 | 0.35 |
| Soil No. fine-60 | 0.01 | 8.06 | 0.98 | 2.61 | 0.65 | 0.30 |
| Soil No. coarse-70 | 0.13 | 11.50 | 6.59 | 2.61 | 0.71 | 0.41 |
), ArticleFig(id=1274369031196975910, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Table 1, caption=
Index physical properties of four test soils
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample No. | /mm | | | | | |
|---|
| Soil No. fine-3 | 0.09 | 4.81 | 0.73 | 2.61 | 0.78 | 0.43 |
| Soil No. fine-15 | 0.04 | 9.98 | 1.72 | 2.61 | 0.68 | 0.35 |
| Soil No. fine-60 | 0.01 | 8.06 | 0.98 | 2.61 | 0.65 | 0.30 |
| Soil No. coarse-70 | 0.13 | 11.50 | 6.59 | 2.61 | 0.71 | 0.41 |
), ArticleFig(id=1274369031280861991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample No. | Kenney-Lau approach[33] | Kezdi approach[34] | Sherard approach[35] | Experimental assessment |
|---|
| Soil No. fine-3 | Stable | Stable | Stable | Stable |
| Soil No. fine-15 | Stable | Unstable | Unstable | Stable |
| Soil No. fine-60 | Stable | Stable | Stable | Stable |
| Soil No. coarse-70 | Unstable | Unstable | Unstable | Unstable |
), ArticleFig(id=1274369031339582248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Table 2, caption=
Internally stability assessment of four test soils
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample No. | Kenney-Lau approach[33] | Kezdi approach[34] | Sherard approach[35] | Experimental assessment |
|---|
| Soil No. fine-3 | Stable | Stable | Stable | Stable |
| Soil No. fine-15 | Stable | Unstable | Unstable | Stable |
| Soil No. fine-60 | Stable | Stable | Stable | Stable |
| Soil No. coarse-70 | Unstable | Unstable | Unstable | Unstable |
), ArticleFig(id=1274369031394108201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Raw material | Manufacture method | /(g·m-2) | Geotextile | O95/mm | t(gt)/mm | d(fb)/mm | /(g·cm-3) | k(gt)/(cm·s-1) |
|---|
| Polyester fiber | Microneme and needle punched | 200 | PET-D–200 | 0.081 | 2.23 | 0.020 3 | 1.344 | 0.200 0 |
| 400 | PET-D–400▲ | 0.072 | 3.47 | 0.020 5 | 1.368 | 0.290 0 |
| Filament and needle punched | 200 | PET-C–200 | 0.108 | 2.75 | 0.014 8 | 0.273 | 0.260 0 |
| 400 | PET-C–400▲ | 0.075 | 5.29 | 0.016 8 | 0.134 | 0.190 0 |
| Thermally bonded | 100 | PET-R–100 | 0.053 | 0.42 | 0.012 2 | 0.486 | 0.002 2 |
| 200 | PET-R–200 | 0.048 | 0.41 | 0.013 7 | 0.683 | 0.002 5 |
| Polypropylene fiber | Microneme and needle punched | 200 | PP-D–200 | 0.061 | 2.61 | 0.027 3 | 0.894 | 0.280 0 |
| 400 | PP-D–400 | 0.052 | 3.59 | 0.021 7 | 0.931 | 0.160 0 |
| Filament and needle punched | 200 | PP-C–200▲ | 0.124 | 3.48 | 0.032 9 | 0.872 | 0.160 0 |
| 400 | PP-C–400▲ | 0.125 | 3.85 | 0.036 2 | 0.623 | 0.090 0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1274369031465411370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Table 3, caption=
Index physical properties of ten geotextiles compared
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Raw material | Manufacture method | /(g·m-2) | Geotextile | O95/mm | t(gt)/mm | d(fb)/mm | /(g·cm-3) | k(gt)/(cm·s-1) |
|---|
| Polyester fiber | Microneme and needle punched | 200 | PET-D–200 | 0.081 | 2.23 | 0.020 3 | 1.344 | 0.200 0 |
| 400 | PET-D–400▲ | 0.072 | 3.47 | 0.020 5 | 1.368 | 0.290 0 |
| Filament and needle punched | 200 | PET-C–200 | 0.108 | 2.75 | 0.014 8 | 0.273 | 0.260 0 |
| 400 | PET-C–400▲ | 0.075 | 5.29 | 0.016 8 | 0.134 | 0.190 0 |
| Thermally bonded | 100 | PET-R–100 | 0.053 | 0.42 | 0.012 2 | 0.486 | 0.002 2 |
| 200 | PET-R–200 | 0.048 | 0.41 | 0.013 7 | 0.683 | 0.002 5 |
| Polypropylene fiber | Microneme and needle punched | 200 | PP-D–200 | 0.061 | 2.61 | 0.027 3 | 0.894 | 0.280 0 |
| 400 | PP-D–400 | 0.052 | 3.59 | 0.021 7 | 0.931 | 0.160 0 |
| Filament and needle punched | 200 | PP-C–200▲ | 0.124 | 3.48 | 0.032 9 | 0.872 | 0.160 0 |
| 400 | PP-C–400▲ | 0.125 | 3.85 | 0.036 2 | 0.623 | 0.090 0 |
), ArticleFig(id=1274369031616406315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample No. | Geotextile | HGR stable value | Washout of soil fines/(g·m-2) | Experimental assessment |
|---|
| i = 2 | i = 5 | i = 8 |
|---|
| Soil No. fine-3 | PET-C–400 | 0.45 | 0.62 | 0.57 | 88 | Effective |
| PET-D–400 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.43 | 126 | Effective |
| PP-C–200 | 0.12 | 0.50 | 0.56 | 154 | Effective |
| PP-C–400 | 0.80 | 0.63 | 0.45 | 131 | Effective |
| Soil No. fine-15 | PET-C–400 | 0.29 | 0.35 | 0.21 | 127 | Effective |
| PET-D–400 | 0.10 | 0.19 | 0.63 | 165 | Effective |
| PP-C–200 | 0.18 | 0.31 | 0.53 | 264 | Effective |
| PP-C–400 | 0.56 | 0.60 | 0.49 | 198 | Effective |
| Soil No. fine-60 | PET-C–400 | 0.40 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 176 | Effective |
| PET-D–400 | 0.39 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 648 | Effective |
| PP-C–200 | 0.86 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 872 | Effective |
| PP-C–400 | 0.29 | 0.41 | 0.40 | 525 | Effective |
| Soil No. coarse-70 | PET-C–400 | 11.92 | 15.07 | 15.84 | 144 | Clogging/Blinding |
| PET-D–400 | 6.14 | 6.26 | 9.21 | 528 | Clogging/Blinding |
| PP-C–200 | 13.28 | 16.23 | 17.88 | 850 | Clogging/Blinding |
| PP-C–400 | 7.25 | 9.64 | 13.34 | 633 | Clogging/Blinding |
), ArticleFig(id=1274369031696098092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1272208980697911299, articleId=1274300097294819609, language=CN, label=Table 4, caption=
The amount of washout fines,HGR at equilibrium,and experimental assessment for soil-textile columns
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| Sample No. | Geotextile | HGR stable value | Washout of soil fines/(g·m-2) | Experimental assessment |
|---|
| i = 2 | i = 5 | i = 8 |
|---|
| Soil No. fine-3 | PET-C–400 | 0.45 | 0.62 | 0.57 | 88 | Effective |
| PET-D–400 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.43 | 126 | Effective |
| PP-C–200 | 0.12 | 0.50 | 0.56 | 154 | Effective |
| PP-C–400 | 0.80 | 0.63 | 0.45 | 131 | Effective |
| Soil No. fine-15 | PET-C–400 | 0.29 | 0.35 | 0.21 | 127 | Effective |
| PET-D–400 | 0.10 | 0.19 | 0.63 | 165 | Effective |
| PP-C–200 | 0.18 | 0.31 | 0.53 | 264 | Effective |
| PP-C–400 | 0.56 | 0.60 | 0.49 | 198 | Effective |
| Soil No. fine-60 | PET-C–400 | 0.40 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 176 | Effective |
| PET-D–400 | 0.39 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 648 | Effective |
| PP-C–200 | 0.86 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 872 | Effective |
| PP-C–400 | 0.29 | 0.41 | 0.40 | 525 | Effective |
| Soil No. coarse-70 | PET-C–400 | 11.92 | 15.07 | 15.84 | 144 | Clogging/Blinding |
| PET-D–400 | 6.14 | 6.26 | 9.21 | 528 | Clogging/Blinding |
| PP-C–200 | 13.28 | 16.23 | 17.88 | 850 | Clogging/Blinding |
| PP-C–400 | 7.25 | 9.64 | 13.34 | 633 | Clogging/Blinding |
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