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Article(id=1322964835394270033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322964647376191536, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024539, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731427200000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793348996256, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1769356800000, pubDateStr=2026-01-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793348996256, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793348996256, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793348996256, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322964647376191536, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='224', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769356800000', pubDateStr='2026-01-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793348951428, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793349012150, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322964902113063080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322964647376191536, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322964902113063081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322964647376191536, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=198, endPage=205, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322964835599790930, articleId=1322964835394270033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Identification and application of operation windows of jacket platform construction in East China Sea, columnId=1322942861007791003, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Comprehensive Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=

The East China Sea experiences extreme waves and frequent typhoons. Currently, the installation design of jacket platforms in the East China Sea is mainly based on the sea state restrictions and standby coefficient obtained from installation experience in the South China Sea. Consequently, the actual installation period and investment of jacket platforms in the East China Sea deviate significantly from design expectation. Therefore, studying the operation windows of jacket platform construction in the East China Sea plays an important guiding role in ensuring their safe and economical installation. At present, a large number of studies have focused on the operation windows for offshore wind turbines in shallow waters, and some studies have analyzed the operation windows for offshore operation in the deep waters of the South China Sea. However, research on offshore operation in the East China Sea remains limited. The area of the East China Sea investigated in this study is classified as mid- to deep-water, with depth ranging from 80 to 110 m, and its waves are larger than those of the South China Sea. The jacket platforms operating in this area have significantly greater sizes and weights than offshore wind turbines, making the installation of offshore oil and gas platforms much more difficult than offshore wind turbines in this area. The stability of the floating crane vessels and the property of the cranes are very important for the offshore installation. Generally, both daily reports during the operation period of the installation and the simulation analyses according to the design parameters of floating crane vessels such as Huatianlong, Blue Whale, are essential. Code checking based on Noble Denton and API standards was performed on the operation performance of floating crane vessels and cranes. By comprehensively analyzing the actual installation conditions of the platforms, the stability of floating crane vessels, the capability of cranes, and the environmental conditions were identified to meet the requirements for jacket platform installation by the crane vessels. The results showed that when the jacket was installed, the wind speed was required to be no more than 10 m/s, and the significant wave height must not exceed 2.0 meters. Otherwise, when the stability of the floating crane vessels deteriorated, the installation conditions could not be satisfied. When the topsides were required to nest the Christmas tree, stringent demands were imposed on the floating crane vessels regarding sea conditions, limiting the wind speed to no more than 10 m/s and the significant wave height to no more than 1.5 meters. When the topsides were installed conventionally, wind speed for the floating crane vessels was required to be more than 14 m/s, and the significant wave height was not more than 2.0 meters. During the installation phase of the jacket platform, the feasibility of offshore installation and the period of the installation mainly depended on the stability of the floating crane vessel and the strength of the platform. The jacket platform mainly consisted of a jacket and topsides. The installation design reports of 3 jackets and 4 topsides implemented in the East China Sea were investigated. All jackets were designed according to the significant wave height not more than 1.5 meters and the wind speed less than 10 m/s. In addition, only one of the four topsides installation was designed with a significant wave height not exceeding 2.0 meters, while the other topsides were designed with a significant wave height not exceeding 1.5 meters, with the wind speed less than 10 m/s. It could be concluded that the sea conditions adopted in the installation design of a jacket and topsides were calmer than the sea conditions allowable for the stability of the floating crane in the actual installation process. Therefore, the sea conditions adopted in the installation design of a jacket and topsides should be used as the governing sea conditions during the installation process. A high-precision model was used to simulate the sea state conditions of the target sea areas in the East China Sea, and the simulation results were calibrated based on both the prediction and observation data of the nearby sea area. Consequently, the high-precision wind wave data of the East China Sea from 2015 to 2023 were obtained, enabling the establishment of an innovative sea state database with long time span and large data capacity. On this basis, research methods such as comprehensive analysis method and reverse inference method were used to analyze the wind and wave data. Wind speed and wave height were identified as two key factors to be considered in evaluating the operation windows. It should be noted that the requirements for weather conditions varied significantly at different stages of offshore installation of the jacket platform. Specifically, the launch of the jacket imposed relatively higher requirements for sea conditions, while the requirements for pile driving and grouting operation of the jacket were relatively lower. To further evaluate the duration of the window period in terms of time and safety, a comprehensive analysis method for offshore operation windows considering the effects of wind, waves, and sustainable operation time conditions was innovatively proposed. In this analysis, any period of continuous offshore installation shorter than the required duration was excluded from being counted as an operation window. According to the large amount of data involved, it was assumed that the wind speed did not exceed 12 m/s, and the significant wave height was not more than 1.5 meters to simplify and accelerate the statistical analysis. Then, the duration of installation periods meeting the wind and wave requirements were statistically analyzed for intervals of at least 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. A code was developed via MATLAB to read the wind and wave data day by day, and subsequently, the annual and monthly operation windows were evaluated. Finally, reverse inference analyses were performed. The results showed that the average number of operation windows exceeded 15 from March to August, and the number of operation windows in October was at least 8.44 under the conditions of 24-hour continuous operation. Under the conditions of 48-hour continuous operation, the average number of operation windows exceeded 10 from March to September, and there were at least 4.75 in December. Under the conditions of 72-hour continuous operation, the average number of operation windows was more than 10 from April to August, and at least 2.38 in December. In conclusion, the optimal window for offshore installation of the jacket platform in the East China Sea is from April to June. If the significant wave height of the installation operation considered in design is increased from 1.5 meters to 2.0 meters, the weather standby coefficient will be reduced by 20% to 40%. Therefore, to improve the offshore installation efficiency of jacket platforms and reduce the waiting probability, it is recommended to adopt the significant wave height of 2.0 meters for jacket installation design. When the topsides are required to nest the Christmas tree, the installation design should adopt the significant wave height of 1.5 meters, and the installation design of the remaining topsides should adopt significant wave height of 2.0 meters. These research findings fill the gap in the operation window data for the East China Sea and effectively ensure the safety of the offshore installation of jacket platforms.

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东海海域涌浪大、台风频发，导管架平台施工作业主要借鉴南海作业海况限制条件和待机率，导致平台实际安装工期及费用与设计预期偏差大。因此，开展东海海域导管架平台施工作业窗口研究，对保障导管架平台在东海海域安全、经济安装方面具有重要指导作用。采用高精度模式对东海目标海域点位处的海况条件进行了模拟，并基于附近海域预报和观测数据对模拟结果加以修正，创新性地建立了长时间跨度、大数据容量的海况资料库，在此基础上采用综合分析法、倒推法等研究方法，综合考虑设计海况、船舶性能、海域气象等因素影响，形成了东海导管架平台施工窗口识别技术，并按月识别出了东海海域适宜导管架平台安装作业的天气窗口及待机率。结果表明：东海海域导管架平台海上安装的最佳窗口为4—6月，且在24 h连续作业情况下，4—6月作业率约为60%，48 h和72 h连续作业情况下，各月份作业率较24 h分别降低约10%和20%；若施工作业时有义波高由1.5 m提高至2.0 m，各月天气待机率均有20%~40%的降幅。相关研究结论填补了东海海域导管架平台施工作业窗口数据的空白，可有效保障导管架平台海上安装作业的安全。

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王亮（1987—），男，硕士，高级工程师，从事海洋工程研究与管理工作。地址：上海市浦东新区商城路1225号，邮政编码：200120。E-mail：

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王亮（1987—），男，硕士，高级工程师，从事海洋工程研究与管理工作。地址：上海市浦东新区商城路1225号，邮政编码：200120。E-mail：

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王亮（1987—），男，硕士，高级工程师，从事海洋工程研究与管理工作。地址：上海市浦东新区商城路1225号，邮政编码：200120。E-mail：

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Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2019., articleTitle=Study on the estimation of installation period for offshore platform based on Monte Carlo simulation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322964851471037365, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=21, pageEnd=26, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=38, authorNames=曹德明, 宋青武, 王超, journalName=天然气与石油, refType=null, unstructuredReference=曹德明, 宋青武, 王超, 等. 双船配合作业模式下导管架海上安装方法研究[J]. 天然气与石油, 2019, 37(4): 21-26., articleTitle=双船配合作业模式下导管架海上安装方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322964851550729142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=21, pageEnd=26, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=39, authorNames=CAO Deming, SONG Qingwu, WANG Chao, journalName=Natural Gas and Oil, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CAO Deming, SONG Qingwu, WANG Chao, et al. Research on the offshore jacket installation method between two floating cranes[J]. Natural Gas and Oil, 2019, 37(4): 21-26., articleTitle=Research on the offshore jacket installation method between two floating cranes, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322964836816139096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322964836828722009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, companyId=1322964836816139096, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Offshore Petroleum Engineering Institute, Sinopec Shanghai Offshore Oil & Gas Company, Shanghai 200120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322964836837110618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, companyId=1322964836816139096, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国石化上海海洋油气分公司石油工程技术研究院，上海　200120)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322964841698308984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Daily average significant wave height (2015-2023), figureFileSmall=REd7Y/BcsLxrpIepvxadCw==, figureFileBig=tdj9Xy5gU5tsjAW84jjdCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322964843275367290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=CN, label=图1, caption=2015—2023年各天平均有义波高, figureFileSmall=REd7Y/BcsLxrpIepvxadCw==, figureFileBig=tdj9Xy5gU5tsjAW84jjdCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322964843485082491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Monthly variation of significant wave height （2015-2023）, figureFileSmall=IF/O0AkbHuOUwH+JTz07Fg==, figureFileBig=WAOBBeziW4KWwimfdSl/WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322964843560579964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=CN, label=图2, caption=2015—2023年各月有义波高变化, figureFileSmall=IF/O0AkbHuOUwH+JTz07Fg==, figureFileBig=WAOBBeziW4KWwimfdSl/WA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322964843845792637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Statistics of sea state of installation and operation status for specific jacket platform, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间海况作业情况
201X年5月28日阵风6级，有义波高最大2.4 m现场涌浪较大华天龙无法起桩插桩、安装栏杆等作业
201X年5月30日阵风5级，有义波高最大2.0 m由于现场风力加大，华天龙停止钢桩固定切割作业
201X年6月2日阵风5级，有义波高最大2.2 m华天龙放扒杆，由于现场海况变差，暂时不进行灌浆作业
201X年6月3日阵风9级，有义波高最大3.0 m现场风力9级，涌浪大，华天龙现场抗风
201X年6月4日阵风5级，有义波高最大2.0 m华天龙尝试起扒杆，因晃动太大，继续抗风
), ArticleFig(id=1322964844168754046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

某导管架安装海况及作业情况统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间海况作业情况
201X年5月28日阵风6级，有义波高最大2.4 m现场涌浪较大华天龙无法起桩插桩、安装栏杆等作业
201X年5月30日阵风5级，有义波高最大2.0 m由于现场风力加大，华天龙停止钢桩固定切割作业
201X年6月2日阵风5级，有义波高最大2.2 m华天龙放扒杆，由于现场海况变差，暂时不进行灌浆作业
201X年6月3日阵风9级，有义波高最大3.0 m现场风力9级，涌浪大，华天龙现场抗风
201X年6月4日阵风5级，有义波高最大2.0 m华天龙尝试起扒杆，因晃动太大，继续抗风
), ArticleFig(id=1322964844244251519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Statistics of sea state of installation and operation status for specific CEP topside module, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间海况作业情况
201X年5月9日阵风6级，有义波高最大2.0 m海况不具备吊装作业条件，蓝鲸施工现场附近巡航
201X年5月10日阵风7级，有义波高最大2.5 m海况不具备吊装作业条件，蓝鲸施工现场附近巡航
201X年5月11日阵风7级，有义波高最大3.0 m受6号台风“红霞”影响，蓝鲸船队在长江口附近巡航避台
201X年5月13日阵风5级，有义波高最大1.5 m蓝鲸吊装DES模块并就位
201X年5月17日阵风6级，有义波高最大2.0 m由于现场涌浪突然加大无法吊装，蓝鲸放栈桥回甲板
201X年5月21日阵风6级，有义波高最大2.0 m待涌浪减小，吊装生活楼及栈桥
), ArticleFig(id=1322964844344914816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

某CEP上部组块安装海况及作业情况统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间海况作业情况
201X年5月9日阵风6级，有义波高最大2.0 m海况不具备吊装作业条件，蓝鲸施工现场附近巡航
201X年5月10日阵风7级，有义波高最大2.5 m海况不具备吊装作业条件，蓝鲸施工现场附近巡航
201X年5月11日阵风7级，有义波高最大3.0 m受6号台风“红霞”影响，蓝鲸船队在长江口附近巡航避台
201X年5月13日阵风5级，有义波高最大1.5 m蓝鲸吊装DES模块并就位
201X年5月17日阵风6级，有义波高最大2.0 m由于现场涌浪突然加大无法吊装，蓝鲸放栈桥回甲板
201X年5月21日阵风6级，有义波高最大2.0 m待涌浪减小，吊装生活楼及栈桥
), ArticleFig(id=1322964844739179393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Stability parameters of floating crane vessels, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浮吊船舶有义波高/m谱峰周期/s
吊装工况待机工况吊装工况待机工况
华天龙1.52.5812
蓝鲸2.02.51013
), ArticleFig(id=1322964845007614850, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

浮吊船舶的稳性参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
浮吊船舶有义波高/m谱峰周期/s
吊装工况待机工况吊装工况待机工况
华天龙1.52.5812
蓝鲸2.02.51013
), ArticleFig(id=1322964845078918019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Regulatory requirements for vessel inclined loads, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
船舶类型横倾/（°）纵倾/（°）
常规船舶（规范尺度比要求的船舶）52
船长小于4倍船宽的驳船及双体船32
半潜船33
半潜式平台22
自升式平台11
), ArticleFig(id=1322964845162804100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

船舶倾斜荷载规范要求

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
船舶类型横倾/（°）纵倾/（°）
常规船舶（规范尺度比要求的船舶）52
船长小于4倍船宽的驳船及双体船32
半潜船33
半潜式平台22
自升式平台11
), ArticleFig(id=1322964845221524357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Monthly wind speed statistics （2015-2023）, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份平均风速/（m/s）最大风速/（m/s）大于5级风总天数/d大于5级风概率/%大于6级风总天数/d大于6级风概率/%月份

平均风

速/（m/s）

最大风速/（m/s）大于5级风总天数/d大于5级风概率/%大于6级风总天数/d大于6级风概率/%
1月10.9321.5813749.16322.67月9.9028.389835.13211.5
2月11.1019.6813954.75722.48月9.2826.888931.9279.7
3月9.7118.889835.13713.39月9.7830.788631.94416.3
4月8.9316.987126.3165.910月10.8922.2513849.55519.7
5月8.1214.785118.372.511月10.2618.6511542.63513.0
6月8.6616.236624.4145.212月11.3122.1013347.76021.5
), ArticleFig(id=1322964845435433862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

2015—2023年各月风速统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份平均风速/（m/s）最大风速/（m/s）大于5级风总天数/d大于5级风概率/%大于6级风总天数/d大于6级风概率/%月份

平均风

速/（m/s）

最大风速/（m/s）大于5级风总天数/d大于5级风概率/%大于6级风总天数/d大于6级风概率/%
1月10.9321.5813749.16322.67月9.9028.389835.13211.5
2月11.1019.6813954.75722.48月9.2826.888931.9279.7
3月9.7118.889835.13713.39月9.7830.788631.94416.3
4月8.9316.987126.3165.910月10.8922.2513849.55519.7
5月8.1214.785118.372.511月10.2618.6511542.63513.0
6月8.6616.236624.4145.212月11.3122.1013347.76021.5
), ArticleFig(id=1322964845531902855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=Monthly weather standby rate （2015-2023）, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份有义波高大于1.5 m有义波高大于2.0 m月份有义波高大于1.5 m有义波高大于2.0 m
平均天数/d概率/%平均天数/d概率/%平均天数/d概率/%平均天数/d概率/%
1月19.6763.0010.5634.007月14.0045.165.6718.28
2月18.4465.469.4433.478月14.5646.956.6722.22
3月14.8948.036.8922.229月15.4451.488.0026.67
4月11.1137.043.8912.9610月22.5672.7611.0035.48
5月8.5627.601.785.9311月18.1160.378.5660.37
6月9.0030.001.444.8112月22.1371.3712.3839.92
), ArticleFig(id=1322964845850669960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

2015—2023年各月天气待机率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份有义波高大于1.5 m有义波高大于2.0 m月份有义波高大于1.5 m有义波高大于2.0 m
平均天数/d概率/%平均天数/d概率/%平均天数/d概率/%平均天数/d概率/%
1月19.6763.0010.5634.007月14.0045.165.6718.28
2月18.4465.469.4433.478月14.5646.956.6722.22
3月14.8948.036.8922.229月15.4451.488.0026.67
4月11.1137.043.8912.9610月22.5672.7611.0035.48
5月8.5627.601.785.9311月18.1160.378.5660.37
6月9.0030.001.444.8112月22.1371.3712.3839.92
), ArticleFig(id=1322964845934556041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=Number of 48-hour operation windows by month and year （2015-2023）, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份

2015年

窗口数

2016年

窗口数

2017年

窗口数

2018年

窗口数

2019年

窗口数

2020年

窗口数

2021年

窗口数

2022年

窗口数

2023年

窗口数

平均

窗口数

最小

窗口数

最大

窗口数

共计109131143103127124138134132127.3160198
1月6776688736.4438
2月56831126435.33112
3月121010128813131411.11814
4月1115161924183161415.11324
5月15142511172123231117.781125
6月16131611221221122116.001122
7月519201313121517513.22520
8月101412791314201712.89720
9月8131578919101811.89719
10月53547542145.44214
11月129466179127.33112
12月4854655104.7518
), ArticleFig(id=1322964846299460490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

2015—2023年各年各月48 h作业窗口数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份

2015年

窗口数

2016年

窗口数

2017年

窗口数

2018年

窗口数

2019年

窗口数

2020年

窗口数

2021年

窗口数

2022年

窗口数

2023年

窗口数

平均

窗口数

最小

窗口数

最大

窗口数

共计109131143103127124138134132127.3160198
1月6776688736.4438
2月56831126435.33112
3月121010128813131411.11814
4月1115161924183161415.11324
5月15142511172123231117.781125
6月16131611221221122116.001122
7月519201313121517513.22520
8月101412791314201712.89720
9月8131578919101811.89719
10月53547542145.44214
11月129466179127.33112
12月4854655104.7518
), ArticleFig(id=1322964847322870668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=Monthly operation probabilities （2015-2023）, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份作业概率/%月份作业概率/%
24 h48 h72 h24 h48 h72 h
1月3721107月534336
2月3519108月534232
3月5236259月494032
4月62504110月271811
5月71574511月392413
6月67534412月29158
), ArticleFig(id=1322964847599694733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322964835394270033, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

2015—2023年各月作业概率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
月份作业概率/%月份作业概率/%
24 h48 h72 h24 h48 h72 h
1月3721107月534336
2月3519108月534232
3月5236259月494032
4月62504110月271811
5月71574511月392413
6月67534412月29158
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东海导管架平台施工作业窗口识别与应用
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王亮 , 张宗峰 , 王琪
油气藏评价与开发 | 综合研究 2026,16(1): 198-205
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油气藏评价与开发 |综合研究 2026 , 16 (1) : 198 -205
东海导管架平台施工作业窗口识别与应用
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王亮（1987—），男，硕士，高级工程师，从事海洋工程研究与管理工作。地址：上海市浦东新区商城路1225号，邮政编码：200120。E-mail：

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王亮 , 张宗峰, 王琪
作者信息
  • 中国石化上海海洋油气分公司石油工程技术研究院，上海　200120
作者简介:

王亮（1987—），男，硕士，高级工程师，从事海洋工程研究与管理工作。地址：上海市浦东新区商城路1225号，邮政编码：200120。E-mail：

Identification and application of operation windows of jacket platform construction in East China Sea
LIANG WANG , ZONGFENG ZHANG, QI WANG
Affiliations
  • Offshore Petroleum Engineering Institute, Sinopec Shanghai Offshore Oil & Gas Company, Shanghai 200120, China
出版时间: 2026-01-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024539
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东海海域  /  平台安装  /  设计海况  /  船舶性能  /  作业窗口
East China Sea  /  platform installation  /  design sea state  /  vessel performance  /  operation window
王亮, 张宗峰, 王琪. 东海导管架平台施工作业窗口识别与应用. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (1) : 198 -205 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024539
LIANG WANG, ZONGFENG ZHANG, QI WANG. Identification and application of operation windows of jacket platform construction in East China Sea[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (1) : 198 -205 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024539
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东海采用“导管架平台+海底管线+陆地终端”的油气田开发海工模式，建成了较为完善的油气开发设施、外输管网和陆地终端。导管架平台是一种最成熟和最通用的平台形式[1]。目前，针对浅海海上风电施工窗口期的研究较多[2]，如姜书舟等[3]对海上升压站浮托法安装施工窗口进行了分析，得到了不同工况下施工窗口期的海况条件；林逸凡等[4]采用SWAN（浅水波浪数值模型）模式对山东半岛南至广西沿海的风浪数据进行了模拟，发现桩基和风电机组的可施工量随时间变化明显。尹朝晖等[5]对外海大型沉管浮运安装气象海洋作业窗口进行了研究。而在深水海域方面，也仅有部分学者对南海海上作业气候窗口进行了分析，如张光杨[6]对南海某区域的水文气象条件进行了分析评价，得出了该区域的最佳作业时间窗口和海洋环境的时空变化特征；谢波涛等[7]基于长期统计数据，并考虑波浪、台风和内波的影响确定了南海大型海上作业窗口；宋强等[8]建立了采油树下放作业窗口分析方法及流程，并研究了采油树质量、波浪周期、浪向角和水深对采油树下放作业窗口的影响。东海目标海域属于中深海，水深介于80~110 m，海洋环境复杂，经常出现小波高、长周期的涌浪[9]，与南海相比其涌浪较大[10-13]，且导管架平台规模、重量远大于近海风电设施，相应海上施工难度高于近海海上风电设施安装难度。目前东海尚未开展针对于导管架平台安装的施工作业窗口研究，一般采用南海海域施工环境限制条件和40%的天气待机率作为东海平台安装的作业天气窗口，造成海上施工实际作业窗口与预期偏差较大，对施工作业安全和投资控制造成了严重挑战。研究分析了东海历次平台安装作业的实际海况，通过高分辨率海气模式得到了东海海域2015—2023年高精度风浪数据，并结合船舶性能、海工设施设计条件等限制因素，综合采用倒推分析、数据库统计等研究方法，形成了适合于东海海况的作业窗口识别技术，并按月识别出适宜导管架平台安装作业的天气概率，为东海导管架平台施工作业提供了重要参考，可有效保障大型施工作业的顺利开展。
1　作业海况及船舶性能分析
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浮吊通常是指通过在船艏甲板上加装吊机而具有了水面上起重能力的船舶[14]，浮吊船舶的稳性及吊机性能对导管架平台的海上安装至关重要[15]。综合分析了东海导管架平台实际安装过程中的海况条件、浮吊稳性、吊机性能，识别出了导管架平台海上安装的海况限制条件。
1.1　导管架平台作业海况分析
导管架平台主要包括导管架和上部组块两部分。导管架海上安装主要包括浮吊就位、场址探摸、运输驳船就位、导管架吊装或者滑移下水、扶正就位、钢桩插打桩、导管架调平卡桩、灌浆、安装附件等流程。通过收集并综合分析东海4座导管架施工日报，得到以下结论：①不同浮吊的抗风浪能力相当，导管架安装期间均存在4~5 d的天气待机；②导管架下水及打桩对风浪等海况要求较高，当风速大于等于5级、有义波高大于等于2.0 m时，船舶稳性会变差，无法进行导管架海上安装作业（表1）。
上部组块海上安装主要包括浮吊就位、运输驳船就位、组块吊装对接、组块焊接固定、散件吊装安装等流程。通过分析3座组块海上安装日报，得到以下结论：①组块吊装对接导管架时，若需要套井口采油树，浮吊船对海况要求会高，要求风速小于5级，有义波高不大于1.5 m；②常规组块与导管架安装对接作业，浮吊船要求风速小于6级，有义波高不大于2.0 m（表2）。
1.2　浮吊稳性及吊机性能分析
Noble Denton、API（美国石油学会）等规范对浮吊船的性能进行了一定的要求，其中，Noble Denton指导性手册[16]中规定吊装组块的运动衡准为组块垂向运动不超过±0.75 m，水平运动不超过±1.5 m，规范要求起吊作业时船舶的纵倾角不应超过2°，横倾角不应超过5°。东海海域环境恶劣，限制了主作业船的选择，根据实际施工经验，目前国内仅有蓝鲸、华天龙、华西5000三艘浮吊在东海实施过吊装作业。由于华西5000和华天龙属于同级别船舶，因此，选取华天龙和蓝鲸的设计参数进行了对比，蓝鲸浮吊可在有义波高2.0 m的情况下实施吊装作业，船舶稳性略高于华天龙（表3）。
起重船打捞作业起重安全操作规程[17]规定，风速及海况不应大于起重船及起重设备作业规定值。起重设备规范[18]规定，吊机在作业时应考虑船舶倾斜荷载、风荷载等，对于船舶倾斜荷载，东海使用的浮吊属常规船舶（规范尺度比要求的船舶），吊机设计时应考虑船舶横倾5°与纵倾2°的船舶倾斜载荷（表4）。如实际工作产生的船舶倾斜大于横倾5°或纵倾2°时，则应考虑实际倾斜角度产生的影响；如需考虑小于规定的横倾和纵倾，应提交计算书证明在实地操作时不会超过减小了的角度。可见船舶横倾5°和纵倾2°为吊机设计的基本条件。
蓝鲸浮吊设计说明书规定吊机使用条件为：有义波高小于2.5 m，风速不大于17.1 m/s（7级）；固定吊7 000 t以下重量时，纵倾不大于2.0°，横倾不大于1.5°；回转吊3 000 t以下重量时，纵倾不大于2.0°，横倾不大于3.5°。
2　设计海况及合理性分析
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导管架平台海上安装限制条件一方面取决于浮吊的稳性性能，另一方面取决于导管架平台安装设计过程中采用的设计海况。目前，学术界和海洋工程界的研究内容主要集中在大尺度区域上的研究以及统计分析方法上的研究，而对于东海海域内水文气象条件各要素的具体参数分析评价还较少，海上作业相关规范[19]要求：装船海况条件为风速小于10 m/s，最大浪高小于1.0 m，持续时间不小于72 h；运输海况条件拖轮系柱拉力计算按照风速20 m/s，有义波高5.0 m，流速1.852 m/s进行设计；海上安装海况条件为风速小于12 m/s，最大浪高小于2.0 m，持续时间不小于72 h。API规范提出，为保证海上安全作业应评估：连续36 h或更长时间的1.5 m以下有义波高、小于10 m/s风速且谱峰周期小于9 s的环境组合在6—8月期间的平均出现次数。
2.1　平台安装设计海况分析
对东海已实施的3座导管架安装设计报告进行了分析，所有导管架均按照有义波高不得高于1.5 m，风速小于12 m/s或10 m/s进行的安装设计。其中：①T导管架安装设计采用的海况为：有义波高不得高于1.5 m，谱峰周期介于6.36~8.48 s，风速小于12 m/s，流速小于1.852 m/s；吊装前和吊装作业期间应持续监测风速和海况；浮吊横倾角小于0.8°，纵倾角小于0.1°，如果浮吊不满足上述限制条件，则应推迟吊装作业。②SHX导管架安装设计采用的海况为：有义波高不得高于1.5 m，谱峰周期介于6.36~8.48 s，风速小于10 m/s，流速小于1.852 m/s。③K导管架安装设计采用的海况为：有义波高不得高于1.5 m，谱峰周期介于6.36~8.48 s，风速小于12 m/s，流速小于3.704 m/s。
对东海已实施的4座上部组块安装设计报告进行了分析，除CX平台的上部组块安装按有义波高不高于2.0 m设计外，其余上部组块均按照有义波高不得高于1.5 m进行设计。①C上部组块安装设计采用的海况为：有义波高不得高于1.5 m，谱峰周期介于6.0~8.0 s，风速小于10 m/s，流速小于3.704 m/s；吊装前和吊装作业期间应持续监测风速和海况；浮吊横倾角小于0.8°，纵倾角小于0.1°，如果浮吊不满足上述限制条件，则应推迟吊装作业。②CX上部组块安装设计采用的海况为：有义波高不得高于2.0 m，风速小于10 m/s。③SHX上部组块安装设计采用的海况为：有义波高不得高于1.5 m，风速小于10 m/s，流速小于3.704 m/s。④K上部组块安装设计采用的海况为：有义波高不得高于1.5 m，谱峰周期介于6.36~8.48 s，风速小于12 m/s，流速小于3.704 m/s。
2.2　设计海况合理性分析
在导管架平台安装阶段，能否顺利实施海上安装作业及安装工期长短主要取决于作业船稳性及平台设计强度是否满足施工要求[20]，从上一节的统计分析可以得到如下结论：
1） 导管架下水及打桩对风浪等海况要求较高，实际安装过程中当风速不超过5级、有义波高不大于2.0 m，船舶稳性可满足导管架海上安装作业要求。目前导管架安装设计采用风速10 m/s（3级）或12 m/s（4级），有义波高1.5 m进行安装设计。导管架安装设计采用的海况小于实际安装过程中船舶稳性允许的海况条件，实施安装过程中应以导管架安装设计采用的海况条件作为控制工况。
2） 上部组块实际安装作业过程中，风速不超过5级、有义波高不大于2.0 m时可进行施工；需要套井口时则要有连续72 h、5级风以下，有义波高不大于1.5 m的时间窗口。而在安装设计阶段则全部采用有义波高不得高于1.5 m的标准来进行的安装设计。上部组块安装设计采用的海况小于实际安装过程中船舶稳性允许的海况条件，实施安装施工过程中应以上部组块安装设计采用的海况条件作为控制工况。
3　东海施工作业窗口识别分析
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在海上安装阶段通常需要考虑一定的天气待机率，以保障平台安装作业的安全。海上作业进行气候窗口分析时，通常使用长时间序列的水文气象要素，如有义波高、风速等[5]。根据东海区域的大尺度环流数据，采用高分辨率海气模式对东海的海气环境进行模拟，并基于近2 a东海海域海上施工的天气预报和观测结果对原始结果加以修正，得到了东海海域2015—2023年高精度风浪数据，包括每天4次分别在世界时0时、6时、12时、18时的海面10 m处风向、1 min平均风速、有义波高以及一段时间内最大浪高。在此基础上创新地建立了历年海况数据库，并对风速和波浪等进行了识别分析。
3.1　海况数据计算方法
基于欧洲中期天气预报中心的ERA5在2015—2023年期间的再分析数据集，变量包括低空1 000 hPa和850 hPa、中层500 hPa和高空200 hPa的气温场、气压场、风场和湿度场、位势高度场等，使用FGOALS-g区域耦合模式，得到东海固定点位所在网格点的风浪值时间序列（2015—2023年）。同时，为提高数据精度，根据近2 a该点位附近的预报和观测结果，找出再分析数据和观测数据的映射关系，建立修正公式并将其应用到该固定点位处，得到该点位在2015—2023年期间的风速、风向、波高变化时间序列，从世界时2015年1月1日0时起至2023年11月30日18时止，共3 256 d、13 024个记录。
3.2　风速统计分析
基于东海海域2015—2023年的风浪数据，统计各月风速平均值与最大值，如表5所示，可以看出3月至9月平均风速均小于10 m/s，其中4—6月大于6级风概率都低于10%，同时最大风速整体上小于其他月份最大风速。10月至次年2月平均风速明显大于其他月份，其中12月平均风速最大达到11.31 m/s，而最大风速则出现在9月为30.78 m/s。
3.3　波浪统计分析
波浪是主要海洋动力要素，是海洋能量主要表现形式之一，也是海洋工程最主要、最敏感的环境要素。DNV规范[19]提出，有义波高可作为海上作业环境的限制条件。
根据上述风浪数据，计算了目标海域9 a内各天的平均有义波高，如图1所示，并按有义波高大于1.5 m和大于2.0 m统计了各月不适合作业的海况（天气待机率），如表6所示。根据长期统计结果可以看到目标海域在每年的4—6月海况较好，平均有义波高在1.5 m以下，且天气待机率，即有义波高大于1.5 m，分别为37.04%、27.60%、30.00%。同时发现，10月至次年2月有义波高大于1.5 m出现的概率明显高于其他月份，均在60%以上，最大出现在10月，达到72.76%。
为了更好地识别每月波高的变化情况，绘制了2015—2023年间1—12月各月有义波高的变化图（图2）。由图2可以看出：4—6月的大部分天数的有义波高都小于1.5 m，最大有义波高均小于2.0 m，且均具备至少9 d连续作业的条件。
3.4　海上施工作业窗口综合分析
评估海上施工可作业天气窗口主要考虑风速和波高，考虑到导管架平台海上安装不同阶段对天气条件要求区别较大，如导管架下水对海况条件要求较高[21]，而导管架钢桩插打、灌浆作业、散件安装等相对要求较低；不同结构型式、不同重量的导管架下水方案不同，需要的作业天气窗口也不相同，如立式吊装下水的导管架需要不少于48 h的作业天气窗口，卧式吊装下水和滑移下水可作业的天气窗口不少于72 h。
从时效和安全性考虑，为进一步对窗口期的时长进行评估，创新提出了一种耦合风况、波浪以及可持续作业时长的海上施工作业窗口综合分析方法，即浮吊船在某一时间段内根据极限环境条件判断可作业，但时长短于约束条件，则该时间段将不被计入作业窗口期。考虑到涉及的数据量大，人工计算较为繁琐，因此，首先确定了风速不大于12 m/s，有义波高不超过1.5 m，且满足以上条件的持续时长分别不少于24 h、48 h和72 h做为判断条件，使用matlab编程逐日读取风浪数据，并判断是否满足计入天气窗口的条件。以2023年1月为例，从1月1日0时至1月2日0时共计24 h、4组数据，4个时间段该点位的风速均小于12 m/s，有义波高均小于1.5 m，因此，认定1月1日有1个24 h作业窗口，依此类推，2023年1月份的24 h作业窗口数共计10个。计算了各年各月作业窗口数，以及9 a各月的平均值和最大值、最小值，其中48 h作业窗口数如表7所示。
利用倒推分析方法得到：在24 h连续作业条件下，3—8月平均作业窗口数均能达到15个以上，10月窗口数最少为8.44个；在48 h连续作业条件下，3—9月平均作业窗口数在10个以上，12月最少为4.75个；在72 h连续作业条件下，4—8月平均作业窗口数在10个以上，12月最少为2.38个。同时，逐月统计了作业概率如表8所示，24、48、72 h连续作业时间全年的平均作业概率分别为48%、35%、25%。
4　结论与认识
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1） 分析得出了导管架平台安装作业窗口。综合考虑风、浪以及窗口期时长，东海海域导管架平台安装的最佳作业窗口为每年的4—6月，为使平台安装安全经济，建议选择该时间段进行海上安装作业。
2） 识别得到了不同窗口期时长的施工作业率。导管架平台安装作业，24 h连续作业情况下，4—6月作业率约60%，3月、7—9月作业率约为50%，其余月份作业率约为30%；48 h连续作业情况下，各月份作业率较24 h降低10%左右；72 h连续作业情况下，各月份作业率较24 h降低20%左右。
3） 分析结果可指导后续导管架平台安装设计及施工作业。根据研究结果，浮吊在有义波高2.0 m的情况下仍具备施工条件，当有义波高由1.5 m提高至2.0 m时，各月天气待机率均有20%~40%的降幅，因此，为提高导管架平台海上安装效率、降低待机率，建议导管架安装设计采用2.0 m有义波高；上部组块安装时若需要套井口采气树，安装设计采用1.5 m有义波高，其余组块安装设计采用2.0 m有义波高。

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2026年第16卷第1期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024539
  • 接收时间：2024-11-13
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2026-01-26
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  • 收稿日期：2024-11-13
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    中国石化上海海洋油气分公司石油工程技术研究院，上海　200120
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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