Article(id=1322942695592829709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322942002035295141, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025281, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762790400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343717715, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1790352000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343717715, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343717715, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343717715, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322942002035295141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='5', pageStart='949', pageEnd='1136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1790352000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343552359, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344212649, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944771945267389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322942002035295141, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944771945267390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322942002035295141, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1053, endPage=1060, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322942697408963343, articleId=1322942695592829709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=A method for calculating bottom-hole flowing pressure in deep coalbed methane wells, columnId=1322941693024141328, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Development, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Accurate acquisition of bottom-hole flowing pressure in coalbed methane (CBM) wells is of great significance for optimizing drainage and production processes and improving CBM recovery. However, existing methods for calculating bottom-hole flowing pressure generally have problems such as high economic cost, poor data timeliness, limited applicability, or insufficient accuracy. In particular, deep CBM wells usually employ gas-lift drainage and production, and the dynamic liquid level data is difficult to obtain, which renders traditional wellbore flow models inapplicable and seriously constrains dynamic monitoring and production optimization of these wells. To solve this problem, a new method for calculating bottom-hole flowing pressure in deep CBM wells was proposed, aiming to quickly and accurately calculate bottom-hole flowing pressure using wellhead casing pressure data in the absence of dynamic liquid level data by establishing a more accurate wellbore flow model. In this method, a nonlinear formula for characterizing the dynamic liquid level position was innovatively proposed, and the vertical wellbore was divided from top to bottom into a pure gas column section and a gas-water two-phase liquid column section based on the dynamic liquid level position, thereby establishing a refined wellbore flow model. The pressure of the pure gas column section was calculated using the average temperature and deviation coefficient method, and the pressure of the gas-water two-phase liquid column section was calculated using the Hasan-Kabir analytical method. A comprehensive and efficient numerical iteration method was established to solve the closed strongly nonlinear equation system composed of the nonlinear formula for dynamic liquid level position, the pressure calculation formula for the pure gas column section, and the pressure calculation formula for the gas-water two-phase liquid column section, ultimately obtaining the bottom-hole flowing pressure of deep CBM wells. Finally, taking deep CBM Well A in the Daning-Jixian block of the Ordos Basin as an example, field application testing of the algorithm was conducted. The results indicated that this algorithm significantly improved the accuracy of field flowing-pressure calculation and demonstrated high computational efficiency. In addition, this method showed favorable applicability in production dynamic data analysis, providing efficient and reliable technical support for dynamic monitoring of unconventional gas reservoirs.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=WEI WANG1, YUEJIE YANG2, XIAOGANG LI1, XIA YAN3, WENCHAO LIU2, BINBIN SHI1, ZHENHAO DU2, authorsList=WEI WANG, YUEJIE YANG, XIAOGANG LI, XIA YAN, WENCHAO LIU, BINBIN SHI, ZHENHAO DU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=WENCHAO LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322942700009431842, articleId=1322942695592829709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=一种深部煤层气井井底流压的折算方法, columnId=1322941693259022355, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气开发, runingTitle=null, highlight=

煤层气井底流压的准确获取对于优化排采工艺、提高煤层气采收率具有重要意义。然而,现有井底流压计算方法普遍存在经济成本高、数据时效性差、适用范围有限或精度不高等问题。特别是深部煤层气井通常采用气举排采方式,动液面位置难以获取,导致传统井筒流动模型无法直接应用,严重制约了深部煤层气井动态监测与生产优化。因此提出了一种深部煤层气井井底流压折算新方法,旨在通过建立更为精确的井筒流动模型,实现在缺少动液面位置数据情况下利用井口套压数据快速、准确计算井底流压的目标。该方法创新提出了表征动液面位置的非线性公式,并按动液面位置将垂直井筒自上而下划分为纯气柱段和气水两相液柱段两部分,以建立精细井筒流动模型;采用平均温度与偏差系数法计算纯气柱段压力,采用Hasan-Kabir解析法计算气水两相液柱段压力;综合创立了高效的数值迭代方法,并且求解了由动液面位置非线性公式、纯气柱段和气水两相液柱段压力计算公式共同构成的封闭强非线性方程组,最终获得了深部煤层气井的井底流压。以鄂尔多斯盆地大宁—吉县区块深部煤层气井A为例对本算法进行了现场应用测试,研究结果表明本算法能显著提高现场流压折算精度,且计算效率高。此外,该方法在生产动态数据分析方面显示出良好的应用性,可为非常规气藏动态监测提供高效可靠的技术支撑。

, articleAbstract=null, authors=王伟1, 杨月洁2, 李小刚1, 闫霞3, 刘文超2, 师斌斌1, 杜振浩2, authorsList=王伟, 杨月洁, 李小刚, 闫霞, 刘文超, 师斌斌, 杜振浩, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘文超, authorNote=

王伟(1984—),男,硕士,高级工程师,从事煤层气勘探开发研究工作。地址:陕西省西安市莲湖区劳动路115号1106室,邮政编码:710003。E-mail:

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刘文超(1984—),男,博士,教授,从事非常规油气渗流力学方向的教学与研究工作。地址:北京市海淀区学院路30号,邮政编码:100083。E-mail:
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王伟(1984—),男,硕士,高级工程师,从事煤层气勘探开发研究工作。地址:陕西省西安市莲湖区劳动路115号1106室,邮政编码:710003。E-mail:

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注:H为井筒深度,单位m;hL为动液面位置,单位m;pc为现场实测的井口套压,单位MPa;pwf为需计算的井底流压,单位MPa;pg为纯气柱压力,单位MPa;ΔpL为气、水两相液柱段压差,单位MPa;图中箭头指示流动方向。

, figureFileSmall=TgIV5qSQKRgq0/RdKliCmA==, figureFileBig=EhvLAeYsUBlS9Y/wON522A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942707496264543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942695592829709, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Flowchart for calculating bottom-hole flowing pressure of deep CBM Well A in Daning-Jixian block of Ordos Basin by numerical iteration, figureFileSmall=S7ZlcfDsOGT8MAqV7FK20Q==, figureFileBig=DL/wXk0gu6pyjE2NWrsQsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942707567567712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942695592829709, language=CN, label=图2, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地大宁—吉县区块深部煤层气井A井底流压数值迭代求解流程, figureFileSmall=S7ZlcfDsOGT8MAqV7FK20Q==, figureFileBig=DL/wXk0gu6pyjE2NWrsQsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942707668231009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942695592829709, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Daily water production of deep CBM Well A in Daning-Jixian block of Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=zv4FxYqXYi8IbxWsUGbVig==, figureFileBig=U2hr7Oa4OIHhICQEKutenw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942707752117090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942695592829709, language=CN, label=图3, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地大宁—吉县区块深部煤层气井A日产水量, figureFileSmall=zv4FxYqXYi8IbxWsUGbVig==, figureFileBig=U2hr7Oa4OIHhICQEKutenw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942707819225955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942695592829709, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Daily gas production of deep CBM Well A in Daning-Jixian block of Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=/ydzDwAVP7UZi7flV4v//A==, figureFileBig=MFXFGRoOZowjJxS7t/9QLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942707907306340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942695592829709, language=CN, label=图4, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地大宁—吉县区块深部煤层气井A日产气量, figureFileSmall=/ydzDwAVP7UZi7flV4v//A==, figureFileBig=MFXFGRoOZowjJxS7t/9QLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942708171547493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942695592829709, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Wellhead casing pressure of deep CBM Well A in Daning-Jixian block of Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=SbUzHNBuSXPIb5nskqU1Rg==, figureFileBig=jJd42OHrxbx0De9eUssY+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942708234462054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942695592829709, language=CN, label=图5, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地大宁—吉县区块深部煤层气井A井口套压, figureFileSmall=SbUzHNBuSXPIb5nskqU1Rg==, figureFileBig=jJd42OHrxbx0De9eUssY+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942708301570919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942695592829709, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Actual bottom-hole flowing pressure of deep CBM Well A in Daning-Jixian block of Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=uVxGbUlxB1iPtmGeODC8cg==, 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942708851024747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942695592829709, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Calibration plot of bottom-hole flowing pressure calculation results of deep CBM Well A in Daning-Jixian block of Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=6U4A32R0ml+YBSnXZcYUmg==, figureFileBig=00hhXmOkdGPqvtCREv/+Yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942708909745004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942695592829709, language=CN, label=图8, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地大宁—吉县区块深部煤层气井A井底流压计算结果校准图, figureFileSmall=6U4A32R0ml+YBSnXZcYUmg==, figureFileBig=00hhXmOkdGPqvtCREv/+Yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942708976853869, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942695592829709, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Comparison of Blasingame production decline analysis of dynamic production data of deep CBM Well A in Daning-Jixian block of Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=ZJF+m6TPuMTwpxX0H+WobQ==, figureFileBig=9peAxv0eo98HuW3o5B1VQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942710641992558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942695592829709, language=CN, label=图9, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地大宁—吉县区块深部煤层气井A生产动态数据的Blasingame产量递减分析对比, figureFileSmall=ZJF+m6TPuMTwpxX0H+WobQ==, figureFileBig=9peAxv0eo98HuW3o5B1VQA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942710717490031, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942695592829709, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Relevant parameters for calculating flowing pressure of deep CBM Well A in Daning-Jixian block of Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称默认值变量名称默认值
原始地层压力/MPa22气体摩尔质量(Mg)/(g/mol)16.5
井深(H)/m2 500液体压力梯度(γL)/(MPa/m)0.01
井口温度(Tc)/℃20油管的绝对粗糙度(e)/m0.000 015 2
井底储层温度(Tw)/℃70纯气柱段压力计算的数值迭代精度/MPa0.001
油管半径(d1)/m0.051气水两相液柱段压力计算的数值迭代精度/MPa0.001
套管半径(d2)/m0.061井底流压计算的数值迭代精度(ε)/MPa0.001
相对密度(γg)0.57
), ArticleFig(id=1322942710813959024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942695592829709, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

鄂尔多斯盆地大宁—吉县区块深部煤层气井A流压计算相关参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称默认值变量名称默认值
原始地层压力/MPa22气体摩尔质量(Mg)/(g/mol)16.5
井深(H)/m2 500液体压力梯度(γL)/(MPa/m)0.01
井口温度(Tc)/℃20油管的绝对粗糙度(e)/m0.000 015 2
井底储层温度(Tw)/℃70纯气柱段压力计算的数值迭代精度/MPa0.001
油管半径(d1)/m0.051气水两相液柱段压力计算的数值迭代精度/MPa0.001
套管半径(d2)/m0.061井底流压计算的数值迭代精度(ε)/MPa0.001
相对密度(γg)0.57
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一种深部煤层气井井底流压的折算方法
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王伟 1 , 杨月洁 2 , 李小刚 1 , 闫霞 3 , 刘文超 2 , 师斌斌 1 , 杜振浩 2
油气藏评价与开发 | 油气开发 2026,16(5): 1053-1060
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油气藏评价与开发 |油气开发 2026 , 16 (5) : 1053 -1060
一种深部煤层气井井底流压的折算方法
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王伟(1984—),男,硕士,高级工程师,从事煤层气勘探开发研究工作。地址:陕西省西安市莲湖区劳动路115号1106室,邮政编码:710003。E-mail:

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王伟(1984—),男,硕士,高级工程师,从事煤层气勘探开发研究工作。地址:陕西省西安市莲湖区劳动路115号1106室,邮政编码:710003。E-mail:

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王伟1 , 杨月洁2, 李小刚1, 闫霞3, 刘文超2, 师斌斌1, 杜振浩2
作者信息
  • 1 中石油煤层气有限责任公司勘探开发建设分公司,陕西   西安 710003
  • 2 北京科技大学资源与安全工程学院,北京 100083
  • 3 中联煤层气国家工程研究中心有限责任公司,北京 100095
通讯作者:
刘文超(1984—),男,博士,教授,从事非常规油气渗流力学方向的教学与研究工作。地址:北京市海淀区学院路30号,邮政编码:100083。E-mail:
作者简介:

王伟(1984—),男,硕士,高级工程师,从事煤层气勘探开发研究工作。地址:陕西省西安市莲湖区劳动路115号1106室,邮政编码:710003。E-mail:

A method for calculating bottom-hole flowing pressure in deep coalbed methane wells
WEI WANG1 , YUEJIE YANG2, XIAOGANG LI1, XIA YAN3, WENCHAO LIU2, BINBIN SHI1, ZHENHAO DU2
Affiliations
  • 1 Exploration and Development Construction Company, PetroChina Coalbed Methane Company Limited, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
  • 2 School of Resources and Safety Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
  • 3 China United Coalbed Methane National Engineering Research Center Co., Ltd., Beijing 100095, China
出版时间: 2026-09-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025281
文章导航
收藏切换
鄂尔多斯盆地  /  深部煤层气  /  井筒流动模型  /  井底流压  /  两相流  /  动液面  /  非线性
Ordos Basin  /  deep coalbed methane (CBM)  /  wellbore flow model  /  bottom-hole flowing pressure  /  two-phase flow  /  dynamic liquid level  /  nonlinearity
王伟, 杨月洁, 李小刚, 闫霞, 刘文超, 师斌斌, 杜振浩. 一种深部煤层气井井底流压的折算方法. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (5) : 1053 -1060 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025281
WEI WANG, YUEJIE YANG, XIAOGANG LI, XIA YAN, WENCHAO LIU, BINBIN SHI, ZHENHAO DU. A method for calculating bottom-hole flowing pressure in deep coalbed methane wells[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (5) : 1053 -1060 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025281
深部煤层气通常指埋深超过1 500 m煤层中所赋存的甲烷气体。中国煤层气资源分布中,仅埋深2 000~3 000 m的深部煤层气探明资源量就达到18.4×1012 m3,占总煤层气资源量的38.16%[1],此外,深部煤层气埋深极限也随勘探深度加深而不断增加[2-6]。近年来,埋深大于2 000 m的深部煤层气取得重大突破,勘探开发潜力巨大[7-8]。然而深部煤层气处于高地应力、高流体压力和高地层温度“三高”环境下[9],深部煤层气井产水较少,游离气含量高,储层初始压力高且吸附气高效解吸需更大压降,另外煤岩裂缝导流能力差,水质矿化度高且含煤粉,与浅部煤层气开采有显著差异。井底流压控制是深部煤层气井开采方案优化的重要因素,井底流压既是协调煤层气排采设备与煤层产气控制的关键参数,也是煤层气井生产动态数据分析的必要数据。
现场获取井底流压的方法有多种。实测法通过下入压力计测量井底流压[10],但下入高精度压力计不仅操作成本大、现场下入井数过少,还会影响产量。若采用存储式压力计只能等修井作业时才能获取流压数据[11],时效性差。垂直管流法[12]则基于井筒内流体流动分布建立垂直井筒(或筒内环空)的单相或多相流动模型,通过推导关于井口套压、井筒内压降梯度与井底流压理论公式来计算井底流压,但该方法一般需明确动液面位置高度才能计算,然而当前深部煤层气井一般采用气举方式排采,通常缺少动液面位置数据。谭聪[13]提出了线性关系的动液面位置估算公式,建立了不同气液比下页岩气井筒流动模型,可通过现场井口套压折算井底流压。但该模型采用了过于简化的纯气柱模型,未能考虑井筒产水及液柱影响,导致算法精度不高。机器学习方法则通过神经网络模型对实测数据进行训练和测试,从而实现流压预测,但该方法一般需要足够多的数据样本才能达到较高预测精度。余洋等引入反向传播神经网络模型,提出了浅层煤层气井流压预测智能模型,然而该模型计算需输入动液面位置数据。此外,压降曲线法、拟稳态数学模型法[14]和二项式产能方程法[10]都是基于相关生产动态数据分析建立起的渗流理论或经验公式,虽然这些方法经济成本低,但对现场数据的规模、井口特质、煤层气采出阶段等有着不同程度要求,现场应用受较大限制。因此,鉴于在经济成本、时效性、动液面数据、预测精度等要求不高,实测样本数据少,现场应用条件限制等方面存在的问题,上述井底流压获取方法远不能满足当前深部煤层气开采现场的需求。
综上所述,井底流压数据获取已成为制约深部煤层气开发动态技术研究的技术瓶颈。深部煤层气井现场井口套压数据丰富,如何充分利用这些数据在现场普遍缺少动液面数据情况下建立准确的井底流压计算方法成为当前迫切的工作需求。针对该问题,建立了深部煤层气井井底流压的折算新方法,该方法提出了动液面位置非线性公式,将井筒内流动精细划分为纯气柱段和两相液柱段两部分,建立了井筒内非线性流动数学模型及其高效数值算法。该方法可以充分利用井口套压数据,在现场缺少动液面数据情况下准确、快速地折算井底流压。
图1为深部煤层气井A垂直井筒内气、水两相流动物理模型[15-17],根据煤层气井生产过程中套管与油管之间环空内出现的流态分布规律,可将环空沿垂直流动方向精细划分为上部纯气柱段和下部气、水两相液柱段两部分。两部分分界处即为动液面位置,动液面位置与产水量和产气量等因素相关,随时间动态变化。油管中可以是纯水排水,也可以是泡排、气举等其他排液流动方式,但不影响环空产气的计算。
根据流体力学定律,井口套压与井底流压满足以下关系:
pwf=pg+ΔpL
由式(1)可知,获得纯气柱段压差和两相液柱段压差后,利用井口套压可折算井底流压。目前,纯气柱段和两相液柱段压差的计算方法已较为成熟,主要工作是如何在生产现场缺少动液面数据情况下准确估算动液面位置,并对2个不同流态环空段进行划分,从而系统地耦合建立整个井筒流动精细数学模型及其高效算法。
现有估算气井动液面位置的简易经验公式具有以下线性形式[13]:
hL=QwBwQgBg+QwBwH
式中:Qg为产气量,单位m3/d;Qw为产水量,单位m3/d;Bg为煤层气体积系数;Bw为水相体积系数,取近似值1.0。
应用上文建立的井底流压算法,对多口深部煤层井实测数据开展拟合优化,总结提出了具有非线性形式的动液面位置估算公式:
hL=QwBwQgBg+QwBwαH
式中:α为折算系数,取值为1.0时式(3)可退化为式(2)线性形式。通常情况下深部煤层气井具有有限的井底流压实测点,可通过折算流压结果与实测流压数据的对比拟合校正α值,进一步提高算法精度。
根据真实气体状态方程,Bg表达式为[15]:
Bg=Zp¯1,T¯1,γgpscp¯1T¯1Tsc
T¯1=Tc+Tw2
p¯1=pc+pwf2
式中:Z为两相液柱段气体压缩因子;psc为标准状况下压力,单位MPa;p¯1为井筒内平均压力,单位MPa;Tsc为标准状况下温度,单位K;T¯1为井筒内平均温度,单位K;Tc为井口处温度,单位K;Tw为井底处温度,单位K;γg为气体相对密度。
根据Hall-Yarborough方法[16]计算真实气体压缩因子(Z):
Z=βxpr
式中:β为温度相关参数;x为无量纲对比密度,可通过Newton-Raphson数值迭代法求得;pr为相对压力。
β和θ计算方法为[16]:
β=0.061 25θe-1.2(1-θ)2
θ=1Tr
式中:θ为相对温度的倒数;Tr为相对温度。
Tr=T¯1Tpc
pr=p¯1ppc
Tpc=168+325γg-12.5γg21.8
ppc=677+15γg-37.5γg2145.038
式中:Tpc为临界温度,单位K;ppc为天然气临界压力,单位MPa。
综上所述,式(2)—式(13)共同构成求解动液面位置(hL)的数学方程组。该方程组涉及待求变量hL、pwf,已知参数Tw、pc、Tc、Qw、Qg、γg、α,只有在获取pwf情况下才能计算出hL。该数学方程组可等价表达为一个非线性方程式f1=0,如下:
f1hL, pwf, Tw, pc, Tc, Qw, Qg, γg, α=0
由图1可知,利用纯气柱段压差和井口套压可共同确定动液面位置处压力。利用平均温度、平均偏差系数法[17- 18]求解纯气柱压力(pg),纯气柱段(动液面处)压力计算公式如下[17-18]:
pg=pc 2e2S+1.324×10-18fZp¯g,T¯g,γgT¯gQg2d2-d13d2+d12e2S-1
式中:d1为油管半径,单位m;d2为套管半径,单位m;T¯g为纯气柱段平均温度,单位K;p¯g为纯气柱段平均压力,单位MPa;f为Moody摩阻系数;S为过程参数。
S、T¯g计算公式如下[17-18]:
S=0.034 15γghLZp¯g,T¯g,γgT¯g
T¯g=Tc+TL2
式中:TL为动液面处温度,单位K。
p¯g计算公式如下[17-18]:
p¯g=pc+pg2
TL计算公式如下:
TL=hLγT
γT=Tc-TwH
式中:γT为井筒内温度梯度,单位K/m。
式(15)中f计算公式为[17-18]:
1f=1.14-2×log ed2-d1+21.25Re  0.9
Re=1.776×10-2×Qgγgμgp¯g,T¯g,γgd2+d1
式中:e为油管的绝对粗糙度,单位m;Re为流体流动雷诺数;μg为气体黏度,单位mPa·s,μg值对应纯气柱段平均温度和平均压力下的气体黏度,采用Lee-Gonzalez-Eakin方法进行计算。
综上所述,式(15)—式(22)共同构成求解pg的非线性数学方程组。该方程组涉及待求变量pg、hL,已知参数d1、d2、e、Tw、pc、Tc、TL、Qg、γg,只有在获取hL情况下,才能通过数值迭代方法[17-18]计算出pg。该非线性数学方程组也可等价表达为一个非线性方程式f2=0,如下:
f2pg, hL, d1, d2, e, Tw, pc, Tc, TL, Qg, γg=0
根据Hasan-Kabir解析法计算气水两相液柱段压差ΔpL。根据式(1),利用pg和ΔpL,井底流压pwf可表示为[17-18]:
pwf=pg+ΔpL=pg+γLH-hL-I1+I2
I1和I2的表达式为[17-18]:
I1=Ca1-fgln bC+apg+aH-hL1-fgγLbC+apg
I2=CgMgH-hLaZp¯L,T¯L,γgRT¯L-C2gMgb1-fgγLa2Zp¯L,T¯L,γgRT¯Lln bC+apg+aH-hL1-fgγLbC+apg
C=QgT¯LZp¯L,T¯L,γgpscπd22-d12Tsc
T¯L=Tw+TL2
p¯L=pg+pwf2
式中:γL为液体压力梯度,单位MPa/m;I1、I2 、C均为过程变量;Mg为气体摩尔质量,单位kg/kmol;g为重力加速度,单位N/kg;T¯L为平均温度,单位K;p¯L为平均压力,单位MPa;R为通用气体常数,取值8.314 kJ/kmol/K;fg为气体空隙度;a和b为待定系数。
fg可采用Godbey-Dimon公式计算[18-19]:
fg=vsga+bvsg
vsg=QgT¯LZp¯L,T¯L,γgpscπd22-d12Tscp¯L
式中:vsg为气体表观流速,单位m/s。当vsg<0.61 m/s时,为泡状流,取a=0.6、b=1.2;当vsg≥0.61 m/s时,为段塞流,取a=1.0、b=1.0。
综上所述,式(24)—式(31)共同构成了求解井底流压(pwf)的非线性数学方程组。该方程组涉及待求变量pwf、pg、hL,已知参数d1、d2、Tw、TL、Qg、γg、γL,只有在获取pg和hL情况下,才可通过数值迭代方法[18-19]计算出pwf。该非线性数学方程组也可等价表达为一个非线性方程式f3=0:
f3pwf, pg, hL, d1, d2, Tw, TL, Qg, γg, γL=0
提出的流压计算步骤是建立在2.1节、2.2节和2.3节所介绍的3个算法基础上。可以看出式(14)、式(23)和式(32)的待求变量相互重叠,共同构成了计算井底流压的联立非线性方程组,该方程组为封闭方程组,包含3个方程以及3个待求变量pwf、pg、hL。鉴于方程组强非线性,提出了高效的数值迭代方法进行求解。先取α=1.0,其他参数取值可参考实际情况,数值迭代求解步骤如下:①步骤一,井底流压赋初值pwf(0),可令pwf(0)等于井口套压pc。根据2.1节算法,由式(14)计算出动液面位置hL(0)。②步骤二,利用步骤一获取的动液面位置hL(0),根据2.2节算法,由式(23)计算出纯气柱压力pg(0)。③步骤三,利用步骤一获取的hL(0)和步骤二获取的pg(0),根据2.3节算法,由式(32)计算出井底流压pwf(1)。④步骤四,将步骤三获取的pwf(1)与初值pwf(0)进行比较,若二者的绝对差值小于迭代精度(ε),即获得井底流压pwf=pwf(1);若不在误差范围内,则令pw(1)代替初值pw(0),重复步骤一至步骤四,直到满足精度要求为止。此次研究所建立的井底流压数值迭代求解流程如图2所示。
一般情况下,深部煤层气开采现场会有有限流压实测点,从而可以对流压折算进行校准。此时折算系数α值可以通过将井底流压折算结果拟合实测井底流压点的方式进行反演校正,进一步提高算法精度。
中国第一个深部煤层气先导试验区位于鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大宁—吉县区块,该区块构造简单,适宜深层煤层气富集,其主力8号煤层主体埋深介于2 000~2 520 m[20]。以大宁—吉县区块一口多段压裂水平井A井底流压折算为研究对象,井A现场已测的生产动态数据包括日产水量、日产气量、井口套压和井底流压数据,如图3—图6所示。图6中实测流压来源于现场高精度的连续流压测试记录报表,可以利用这些数据验证流压折算结果的正确性。流压折算所需的相关参数如表1所示。
基于2.4节计算步骤,可通过套压数据折算出井底流压数据。根据现场流压实测数据,通过反复数值计算测试,非线性拟合出α=0.42时与流压实测数据的拟合效果最好。图7给出了测试过程中α=1.0和α=0.42时分别对应的流压折算结果,可以看出通过调节α值可显著提高对实测流压的非线性拟合精度。为了验证引入α的动液面位置非线性公式的先进性,分别绘制了α=1.0和α=0.42时井底流压计算结果对实测流压的校准图(图8)。α=0.42时,最大相对计算误差仅为1.88%,验证了流压折算方法的有效性。本实例中共折算了200个压力数据,总用时1.591 s,平均每个数据折算时间为0.007 96 s,计算效率高。
通过图8还可看出采用动液面位置线性公式α=1.0计算得到的井底流压结果虽然大致沿着45°趋势线分布,但许多数据点偏离了趋势线,数据点分布范围也较宽,离散程度较大,且偏离程度不一,表明基于动液面位置线性公式的算法计算误差相对较大,未能充分体现流压折算的非线性特征。而利用改进的动液面位置非线性公式(α=0.42)计算得到的井底流压结果紧密分布在45°趋势线附近,几乎所有数据点都沿这条线排列,且数据点分布范围较窄,呈现出高度集中性,实测数据拟合效果更好。这表明引入动液面位置非线性公式可显著提升算法精度,提高井底流压的预测效果,这也充分体现了流压折算的非线性特征。
此外,分别利用井A实测井底流压数据和算法折算出井底流压数据(α=0.42),并且进行了生产动态数据的Blasingame产量递减特征曲线分析[21],如图9所示。可以看出,实测井底流压数据和折算井底流压数据所对应的双对数坐标系下Blasingame产量递减分析特征数据几乎相同,反演确定的理论模型特征曲线也一致,由此验证了上文所提出的深部煤层气井A井底流压折算方法在生产动态数据分析方面的实用性[22]。
该方法已在大宁—吉县深层煤层气区块多个井台进行了应用,均表现出了良好的流压预测效果。应用研究发现α的拟合值一般介于0.2~0.6,且同一井台上各井α拟合值也很相近,因而对于没有实测流压或仅有1~2个实测流压点的井,可将同一井台上其他井的α值或平均值作为井A流压α值的参考值。此外,上文给出的井筒物理模型仅严格适用于深部煤层气井早期排采阶段,但在深部煤层气井后续的气举或泡排阶段,由于井的储层日产气量一般为已知的,在应用上文方法折算井底流压时也显示出了较好的应用效果,这与在算法中引入α可以考虑一些非线性因素有关。
1)建立了深部煤层气井井底流压折算的新方法,可实现利用井口套压数据快速、准确计算井底流压的目标,有效解决了现场井底流压准确计算的难题。该方法中创新提出了动液面位置的非线性公式,将垂直井筒内流动区域精细划分为纯气柱段和气水两相液柱段两部分,从而建立了垂直井筒内两相流动的非线性精细计算模型,并综合创立了其高效的数值迭代方法,能充分利用深部煤层气井口套压在缺少动液面位置信息情况下快速、准确地折算井底流压。该数值算法逻辑框架简明,易于编程实现。
2)通过流压折算方法在大宁—吉县深部煤层气区块的现场应用及分析得到几点认识和结论:①该方法适用于深部煤层气井生产动态全过程,井底流压折算精度能满足现场生产动态数据分析需求,尤其在现场有实测流压点情况下,通过调节动液面位置非线性公式中α值对流压折算结果进行校准,可显著提高计算精度,相对误差可小于2%;②每个套压数据点的流压折算平均时间仅需0.007 96 s,计算效率高,因此,该算法可为深部煤层气藏生产井动态数据分析、数值模拟、大数据分析等提供关键的井底流压数据,对提高深部煤层气开发技术及应用水平具有重要现实意义。
3)此次研究方法及思路还可推广应用至页岩气、致密气等非常规及常规能源的开发技术领域,进一步体现了该方法的实用性、可操作性及可推广性。

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2026年第16卷第5期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025281
  • 接收时间:2025-11-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-09-26
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-11
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    1 中石油煤层气有限责任公司勘探开发建设分公司,陕西   西安 710003
    2 北京科技大学资源与安全工程学院,北京 100083
    3 中联煤层气国家工程研究中心有限责任公司,北京 100095

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刘文超(1984—),男,博士,教授,从事非常规油气渗流力学方向的教学与研究工作。地址:北京市海淀区学院路30号,邮政编码:100083。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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