Article(id=1322942672276693602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322942002035295141, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025269, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1762099200000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343712157, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1790352000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343712157, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343712157, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343712157, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322942002035295141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='5', pageStart='949', pageEnd='1136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1790352000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343552359, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344212649, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944771945267389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322942002035295141, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944771945267390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322942002035295141, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1038, endPage=1052, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322942672557711971, articleId=1322942672276693602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Favorable-area selection and development technology practices for medium-low abundance coal-measure gas reservoirs: a case study of southern Sichuan Basin, columnId=1322941693024141328, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Development, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Since breakthroughs were made in China’s coalbed methane (CBM) production in 2005, its industrialization and commercialization have not met expectations due to unstable production and poor economic benefits. CBM, shale gas, and tight sandstone gas are major unconventional natural gas resources worldwide. Their integrated development and commingled production approach that prioritizes coal seams while also exploring tight sandstone gas and shale gas can effectively improve the degree of reserve utilization, ensure stable production, and reduce CBM production costs. Based on the lithology, gas-bearing properties, and development potential of coal-measure source rocks and reservoirs in the southern Sichuan Basin, this study established a comprehensive evaluation model and proposed a lithology (lithofacies)-gas-bearing combination-productive layer combination model for the “three classes and five types” of coal-measure gas reservoirs. On this basis, it identified that the “mudstone/shale roof interbedded with coal seam” type was the dominant symbiotic combination for development. Development concepts and technologies for coal-measure gas in multiple thin coal seams were analyzed. According to the fluid-flow mechanism within coal-measure gas reservoirs, a flow model was proposed. Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱcombinations were selected as the main sections for fracturing stimulation, and a set of key technologies suitable for the stimulation of low-permeability composite reservoirs (e.g., coal seam, mud shale) was established. The geological background of gas accumulation, reservoir characteristics, and the gas-bearing properties of the roof and floor strata were systematically studied for Well Chuanlincan 1. Guided by the oil and gas migration pathway theory and drawing on the shale gas stimulation methods, a set of reservoir enhancement measures for “mudstone + coal reservoir” was formulated, and the gas production target was achieved. This is a landmark project for the comprehensive evaluation of the development potential of hydrocarbon gases in the Upper Permian Longtan Formation coal measures. This technology provides a valuable reference and has application value for promoting the development of similar coal-measure gas reservoirs in southwestern China.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=ZHONGSHAN YIN, authorsList=ZHONGSHAN YIN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322942677414716029, articleId=1322942672276693602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=中低丰度煤系气藏有利区优选与开发技术实践——以四川盆地南部地区为例, columnId=1322941693259022355, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气开发, runingTitle=null, highlight=

中国煤层气自2005年取得突破以来,受产量不稳定、经济效益较差的制约,产业化进程和商业化目标未达预期。煤层气、页岩气、致密砂岩气作为全球主要的非常规天然气资源,将“煤系三气”作为整体开发,以“煤层为主,兼顾致密砂岩、页岩”的多气合层开采思路,可有效提高储量动用程度,维持产量稳定,同时降低煤层气的开采成本。该研究从四川盆地南部(以下简称川南)煤系烃源岩储层岩性、含气性、可开发性等特征出发,建立了综合评价模型,在“Ⅲ类五型”煤系气藏的岩性(岩相)-含气组合-产层组合模式的基础上,确定“泥页岩顶板夹煤层型”为开发的优势共生组合;分析了多薄煤层的煤系气开发思路与技术;根据煤系气藏内流体流动机制提出了煤系气藏内的流动模型,选择Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类组合作为压裂改造主要层段,并建立了一套适合于低渗复合储层(如煤层、泥页岩等)改造的关键技术。本文系统研究了川蔺参1井成藏地质背景、储层特征、顶底板岩层含气性情况,以油气疏导理论为指导,借鉴页岩气改造思路,制定了“泥岩+煤储层”的储层增产措施,完成了见气目标,是综合评价上二叠世龙潭组煤系地层烃类气体开发潜力的标志性工程。此项技术对推动西南同类型煤系气藏开发具有借鉴和推广意义。

, articleAbstract=null, authors=尹中山, authorsList=尹中山, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

尹中山(1967—),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事非常规天然气勘探与开发研究。地址:四川省成都市青华路38号四川省地质调查研究院,邮政编码:610072。E-mail:

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尹中山(1967—),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事非常规天然气勘探与开发研究。地址:四川省成都市青华路38号四川省地质调查研究院,邮政编码:610072。E-mail:

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尹中山(1967—),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事非常规天然气勘探与开发研究。地址:四川省成都市青华路38号四川省地质调查研究院,邮政编码:610072。E-mail:

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Stimulation technology of coalbed methane well based on temporary plugging and directional fracturing and its application example[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2023, 29(S2): 761-766., articleTitle=Stimulation technology of coalbed methane well based on temporary plugging and directional fracturing and its application example, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322942677683151486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942677695734399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, companyId=1322942677683151486, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Sichuan Institute of Geological Survey, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942677708317312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, companyId=1322942677683151486, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=四川省地质调查研究院,四川   成都   610072)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322942680463975058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Schematic diagram of regional structural distribution in southern Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=Y94EZzB+KrdR4QoEqJiPcQ==, figureFileBig=/qL6Es5TF7JYi2oPUZ7A0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942680547861139, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=CN, label=图1, caption=四川盆地南部地区区域构造分布示意图, figureFileSmall=Y94EZzB+KrdR4QoEqJiPcQ==, figureFileBig=/qL6Es5TF7JYi2oPUZ7A0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942680795325076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=EN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=az34BSye718G94ejq798GA==, figureFileBig=RwP5QyysY6Mmy+gyaq3rNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942680883405461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=CN, label=null, caption=null, figureFileSmall=az34BSye718G94ejq798GA==, figureFileBig=RwP5QyysY6Mmy+gyaq3rNQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942680963097238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Comprehensive logging maps of typical coal-measure gas wells in southern Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=G596ouuX5UER7DuuWceKdQ==, figureFileBig=v8rig4Nn5Vi1MNmV+lBlBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942681034400407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=CN, label=图2, caption=四川盆地南部地区典型煤系气井综合录井

注:AC为声波时差;DEN为补偿密度;CNL为补偿中子。

, figureFileSmall=G596ouuX5UER7DuuWceKdQ==, figureFileBig=v8rig4Nn5Vi1MNmV+lBlBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942681126675096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=CBM workflow, figureFileSmall=6Hq6fEkHeqA+3CkkGK2D+Q==, figureFileBig=PD1i41B7eud2SpUzAsOUAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942681197978265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=CN, label=图3, caption=煤系气工作流程, figureFileSmall=6Hq6fEkHeqA+3CkkGK2D+Q==, figureFileBig=PD1i41B7eud2SpUzAsOUAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942681260892826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Schematic diagram of relationship between accumulation and evolution history of coal-measure gas reservoirs and conduit systems in southern Sichuan Basin (Gulin) (modified from references [12, 46]), figureFileSmall=L09w6J9nju0mYZu2xcN7XQ==, figureFileBig=HCXQIO2c0mZS6LJjCcOTAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942681348973211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=CN, label=图4, caption=四川盆地南部地区(古蔺)煤系气藏成藏发育史-疏导体系关系示意图(据参考文献[12,46]修改)

注:pg为古近纪;Ng为新近纪;Ro为镜质体反射率。

, figureFileSmall=L09w6J9nju0mYZu2xcN7XQ==, figureFileBig=HCXQIO2c0mZS6LJjCcOTAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942681411887772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Calibration of gas-bearing characteristics, electrical properties, and lithologic assemblage patterns of Longtan Formation in Well Chuanlincan 1, southern Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=EwCMnurNApYco3lrTFi4IA==, figureFileBig=OfjAjisl9xaWlysvG5V4VQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942681483190941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=CN, label=图5, caption=四川盆地南部地区川蔺参1井龙潭组含气性、电性、岩性组合模式标定, figureFileSmall=EwCMnurNApYco3lrTFi4IA==, figureFileBig=OfjAjisl9xaWlysvG5V4VQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942681554494110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Testing curves of Well Chuanlincan 1, southern Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=UGMLlD5u3CJp9en8GTS2rA==, figureFileBig=wA79o9dobyOT1VyJ+ZWAEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942681617408671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=CN, label=图6, caption=四川盆地南部地区川蔺参1井试气曲线, figureFileSmall=UGMLlD5u3CJp9en8GTS2rA==, figureFileBig=wA79o9dobyOT1VyJ+ZWAEQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942681692906144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Summary of characteristics of “three classes and five types” of coal-measure gas reservoirs in southern Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组合类型示意图A级B级C级
沉积相带特征岩性组合特征结论含气量/(m3/t)评价依据代表井评价结论
功能顶板隔层底板煤层泥岩砂岩
Ⅰ1
潮间带、泥坪具备生烃、储气、保存良好耦合泥岩泥岩、碳质泥岩泥岩顶板、隔层、底板和煤层总有机碳含量高,均可作为烃源岩,利于生气,且封隔性能较好优势组合17~18>2>1保存条件好,压力系数≥1,含气量高川高参1、川高参2井有望获得高产、稳产
Ⅰ2
潮间带—潮上带泥坪—泥炭沼泽泥岩-碳质泥岩细砂岩、粉砂岩泥岩泥岩、煤层总有机碳含量高,均可作为烃源岩,隔层含气与否对产量影响较大次优势组合15~16>2>1保存条件较好,压力系数1左右,含气量高川高2井
Ⅱ1
潮间带泥坪—泥炭沼泽具备生烃、储气、保存较好耦合泥岩泥质砂岩泥岩或细砂岩顶板封隔性能较好,底板为泥岩,有利于含气性保存,隔层为砂岩、泥质砂岩,对含气性影响较大一般优势组合14~151~21保存条件较好,压力系数1左右,含气量较高,隔层含气量差异较大DCMT-3井可能获得稳产
Ⅱ2
潮间带—潮上带砂坪—泥炭沼泽泥岩-碳质泥岩泥质砂岩粉(细)砂岩、泥质砂岩顶板封隔性能较好,底板封隔性能较差,隔层为泥质砂岩,对含气性影响较大一般组合13~151~21保存条件较好,压力系数1左右,含气量较高—一般,隔层及底板含气量一般或差异较大维1井
Ⅲ
潮间带泥坪—砂坪具备较差的保存条件泥质砂岩-细砂岩细砂岩泥岩-泥质砂岩煤层作为烃源岩,部分甲烷向顶底板、隔层的细砂岩、粉砂岩运移,自生自储及滞留的煤层气含量较低,不利于产量稳定一般~不利组合>8<1<1保存条件一般或较差,压力系数1.0左右或≤1.0,含气量一般,隔层及顶板、底板含气量较低、差异较大DC-5井初期可能获得一定产量
), ArticleFig(id=1322942681780986529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

四川盆地南部地区煤系气藏“Ⅲ类五型”特点汇总一览

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组合类型示意图A级B级C级
沉积相带特征岩性组合特征结论含气量/(m3/t)评价依据代表井评价结论
功能顶板隔层底板煤层泥岩砂岩
Ⅰ1
潮间带、泥坪具备生烃、储气、保存良好耦合泥岩泥岩、碳质泥岩泥岩顶板、隔层、底板和煤层总有机碳含量高,均可作为烃源岩,利于生气,且封隔性能较好优势组合17~18>2>1保存条件好,压力系数≥1,含气量高川高参1、川高参2井有望获得高产、稳产
Ⅰ2
潮间带—潮上带泥坪—泥炭沼泽泥岩-碳质泥岩细砂岩、粉砂岩泥岩泥岩、煤层总有机碳含量高,均可作为烃源岩,隔层含气与否对产量影响较大次优势组合15~16>2>1保存条件较好,压力系数1左右,含气量高川高2井
Ⅱ1
潮间带泥坪—泥炭沼泽具备生烃、储气、保存较好耦合泥岩泥质砂岩泥岩或细砂岩顶板封隔性能较好,底板为泥岩,有利于含气性保存,隔层为砂岩、泥质砂岩,对含气性影响较大一般优势组合14~151~21保存条件较好,压力系数1左右,含气量较高,隔层含气量差异较大DCMT-3井可能获得稳产
Ⅱ2
潮间带—潮上带砂坪—泥炭沼泽泥岩-碳质泥岩泥质砂岩粉(细)砂岩、泥质砂岩顶板封隔性能较好,底板封隔性能较差,隔层为泥质砂岩,对含气性影响较大一般组合13~151~21保存条件较好,压力系数1左右,含气量较高—一般,隔层及底板含气量一般或差异较大维1井
Ⅲ
潮间带泥坪—砂坪具备较差的保存条件泥质砂岩-细砂岩细砂岩泥岩-泥质砂岩煤层作为烃源岩,部分甲烷向顶底板、隔层的细砂岩、粉砂岩运移,自生自储及滞留的煤层气含量较低,不利于产量稳定一般~不利组合>8<1<1保存条件一般或较差,压力系数1.0左右或≤1.0,含气量一般,隔层及顶板、底板含气量较低、差异较大DC-5井初期可能获得一定产量
), ArticleFig(id=1322942681856484002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Evaluation index system for favorable-area selection of coal-measure gas (coalbed methane) development in southern Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Ⅰ级指标Ⅱ级指标Ⅲ级指标Ⅳ级指标Icoal赋值
区域地质参数(0.15)构造复杂程度(0.05)构造复杂程度(0.05)简单0.05
较复杂0.03
复杂0.02
埋藏深度(0.08)埋藏深度(0.08)小于1 000 m0.04
1 000~1 500 m0.05
大于1 500m0.08
水文地质条件(0.02)水文地质条件(0.02)简单0.02
较复杂0.02
复杂0.01
资源参数(0.45)储气系数(0.15)厚度(0.15)>2.50 m0.15
1.50~2.50 m0.10
<1.50 m0.10
含气性(0.20)含气性(0.20)>20 m3/t0.20
8~20 m3/t0.15
<8 m3/t0.10
含气饱和度(0.10)含气饱和度(0.10)>1.00.10
0.5~1.00.08
<0.50.05
开采条件参数(0.40)改造性能(0.20)煤体结构(0.08)Ⅰ型0.08
Ⅱ型0.06
Ⅲ型0.04
Ⅳ型0.03
脆性矿物含量(0.08)>60%0.08
≤60%0.06
地应力差(0.04)<10 MPa0.04
≥10 MPa0.02
合采性能(0.20)渗透率(0.08)>10 ×10-3 μm20.08
(1~10) ×10-3 μm20.05
<1 ×10-3 μm20.03
储层压力梯度(0.08)>1.30.08
1.0~1.30.05
<1.00.03
煤层集中度(0.04)0.04
), ArticleFig(id=1322942681936175779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

四川盆地南部地区煤系气(煤层气)优选评价指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Ⅰ级指标Ⅱ级指标Ⅲ级指标Ⅳ级指标Icoal赋值
区域地质参数(0.15)构造复杂程度(0.05)构造复杂程度(0.05)简单0.05
较复杂0.03
复杂0.02
埋藏深度(0.08)埋藏深度(0.08)小于1 000 m0.04
1 000~1 500 m0.05
大于1 500m0.08
水文地质条件(0.02)水文地质条件(0.02)简单0.02
较复杂0.02
复杂0.01
资源参数(0.45)储气系数(0.15)厚度(0.15)>2.50 m0.15
1.50~2.50 m0.10
<1.50 m0.10
含气性(0.20)含气性(0.20)>20 m3/t0.20
8~20 m3/t0.15
<8 m3/t0.10
含气饱和度(0.10)含气饱和度(0.10)>1.00.10
0.5~1.00.08
<0.50.05
开采条件参数(0.40)改造性能(0.20)煤体结构(0.08)Ⅰ型0.08
Ⅱ型0.06
Ⅲ型0.04
Ⅳ型0.03
脆性矿物含量(0.08)>60%0.08
≤60%0.06
地应力差(0.04)<10 MPa0.04
≥10 MPa0.02
合采性能(0.20)渗透率(0.08)>10 ×10-3 μm20.08
(1~10) ×10-3 μm20.05
<1 ×10-3 μm20.03
储层压力梯度(0.08)>1.30.08
1.0~1.30.05
<1.00.03
煤层集中度(0.04)0.04
), ArticleFig(id=1322942682024256164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Evaluation index system for favorable-area selection of coal-measure gas (shale gas/tight sandstone gas) development in southern Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Ⅰ级指标Ⅱ级指标Ⅲ级指标Ⅳ级指标Ishale/Isand赋值
区域地质参数(0.15)构造复杂程度(0.05)构造复杂程度(0.05)简单0.05
较复杂0.03
复杂0.02
埋藏深度(0.08)埋藏深度(0.08)小于1 000 m0.04
1 000~1 500 m0.05
大于1 500 m0.08
水文地质条件(0.02)水文地质条件(0.02)简单0.02
较复杂0.02
复杂0.01
资源参数(0.45)储气系数(0.15)厚度(0.15)>15.0 m0.15
10.0~15.0 m0.10
<10.0 m0.08
含气性(0.20)含气性(0.20)>2.0 m3/t0.20
1.0~2.0 m3/t0.15
<1.0 m3/t0.10
含气饱和度0.10)含气饱和度0.10)>1.00.10
0.5~1.00.08
<0.50.05
开采条件参数(0.40)改造性能(0.20)脆性矿物含量(0.12)>60%0.12
≤60%0.08
地应力差(0.08)<10 MPa0.08
≥10 MPa0.04
合采性能(0.20)渗透率(0.10)>10×10-3 μm20.10
(1~10)×10-3 μm20.06
<1×10-3μm20.04
储层压力梯度(0.10)>1.30.10
1.0~1.30.06
<1.00.04
), ArticleFig(id=1322942682091365029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

四川盆地南部地区煤系气(泥页岩气/致密砂岩气)优选评价指标体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
Ⅰ级指标Ⅱ级指标Ⅲ级指标Ⅳ级指标Ishale/Isand赋值
区域地质参数(0.15)构造复杂程度(0.05)构造复杂程度(0.05)简单0.05
较复杂0.03
复杂0.02
埋藏深度(0.08)埋藏深度(0.08)小于1 000 m0.04
1 000~1 500 m0.05
大于1 500 m0.08
水文地质条件(0.02)水文地质条件(0.02)简单0.02
较复杂0.02
复杂0.01
资源参数(0.45)储气系数(0.15)厚度(0.15)>15.0 m0.15
10.0~15.0 m0.10
<10.0 m0.08
含气性(0.20)含气性(0.20)>2.0 m3/t0.20
1.0~2.0 m3/t0.15
<1.0 m3/t0.10
含气饱和度0.10)含气饱和度0.10)>1.00.10
0.5~1.00.08
<0.50.05
开采条件参数(0.40)改造性能(0.20)脆性矿物含量(0.12)>60%0.12
≤60%0.08
地应力差(0.08)<10 MPa0.08
≥10 MPa0.04
合采性能(0.20)渗透率(0.10)>10×10-3 μm20.10
(1~10)×10-3 μm20.06
<1×10-3μm20.04
储层压力梯度(0.10)>1.30.10
1.0~1.30.06
<1.00.04
), ArticleFig(id=1322942682166862502, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Application examples of evaluation systems, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指数

类别

储层特征Ⅰ类Ⅱ类Ⅲ类Ⅳ类综合结论
河坝井田煤层气0.6550.632Ⅱ类
泥页岩气0.585
致密气0.595
两河井田煤层气0.7250.695Ⅱ类
泥页岩气0.660
致密气0.620
海风井田煤层气0.7200.687Ⅱ类
泥页岩气0.620
致密气0.630
), ArticleFig(id=1322942683857167015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

评价体系运用实例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=

指数

类别

储层特征Ⅰ类Ⅱ类Ⅲ类Ⅳ类综合结论
河坝井田煤层气0.6550.632Ⅱ类
泥页岩气0.585
致密气0.595
两河井田煤层气0.7250.695Ⅱ类
泥页岩气0.660
致密气0.620
海风井田煤层气0.7200.687Ⅱ类
泥页岩气0.620
致密气0.630
), ArticleFig(id=1322942683962024616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Three reservoir fracturing techniques and their related parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别参数性能煤层泥页岩致密砂岩
选层原则单层首选含气量较高、厚度大含气量高、压力系数高,优先选择
合层煤层+泥页岩,离煤层近煤层+泥页岩,离煤层近
射孔参数枪身/mm89~127无特别要求较大较大
弹型/弹89~127无特别要求不能太大不能太大
孔密/(孔/m)12~1612或161212
压裂液KCl用量防膨性能要求要求不要求
黏度携砂性能高高一般
酸液酸蚀硅质、钙质未用运用未用
CO2助排未用未用未用
氮气泡沫针对粉煤石宝文献运用未用未用
压裂方式层段选择单压少多多
合压多少少
灌注通道油管压裂少少少
套管压裂多多多
暂堵剂暂堵球多用少用用
暂堵液少用多用用
暂堵方式缝口暂堵为主少用常用
缝内暂堵较少多用少用
缝口暂堵+缝内暂堵少用多用常用
改造目的体积压裂未实现实现未实现
常规压裂实现实现实践少
施工参数铺砂浓度/(kg/m2)改造程度≥1 500≥2 500≥1 000
砂比/%改造程度8~256~2510~25
排量/(m3/min)6~118~126~10
支撑剂粒径/目保持裂缝状态40~11070~11020~70
工作压力/MPa克服摩阻的能力16~4230~6520~36
裂缝体积/m3改造效果150~300120~280100~250
压裂液量/m3造缝、输送支撑剂800~1 2001 000~1 500500~750
压裂液配方造缝、输送支撑剂KCl+助排剂+杀菌剂前置酸+KCl+助排剂+杀菌剂前置酸+KCl+助排剂+杀菌剂
数据来源川高参1、川高参2井,丛3-2井川蔺参1井DC-4井
), ArticleFig(id=1322942684087853737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942672276693602, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

3种储层压裂工艺及参数统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别参数性能煤层泥页岩致密砂岩
选层原则单层首选含气量较高、厚度大含气量高、压力系数高,优先选择
合层煤层+泥页岩,离煤层近煤层+泥页岩,离煤层近
射孔参数枪身/mm89~127无特别要求较大较大
弹型/弹89~127无特别要求不能太大不能太大
孔密/(孔/m)12~1612或161212
压裂液KCl用量防膨性能要求要求不要求
黏度携砂性能高高一般
酸液酸蚀硅质、钙质未用运用未用
CO2助排未用未用未用
氮气泡沫针对粉煤石宝文献运用未用未用
压裂方式层段选择单压少多多
合压多少少
灌注通道油管压裂少少少
套管压裂多多多
暂堵剂暂堵球多用少用用
暂堵液少用多用用
暂堵方式缝口暂堵为主少用常用
缝内暂堵较少多用少用
缝口暂堵+缝内暂堵少用多用常用
改造目的体积压裂未实现实现未实现
常规压裂实现实现实践少
施工参数铺砂浓度/(kg/m2)改造程度≥1 500≥2 500≥1 000
砂比/%改造程度8~256~2510~25
排量/(m3/min)6~118~126~10
支撑剂粒径/目保持裂缝状态40~11070~11020~70
工作压力/MPa克服摩阻的能力16~4230~6520~36
裂缝体积/m3改造效果150~300120~280100~250
压裂液量/m3造缝、输送支撑剂800~1 2001 000~1 500500~750
压裂液配方造缝、输送支撑剂KCl+助排剂+杀菌剂前置酸+KCl+助排剂+杀菌剂前置酸+KCl+助排剂+杀菌剂
数据来源川高参1、川高参2井,丛3-2井川蔺参1井DC-4井
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中低丰度煤系气藏有利区优选与开发技术实践——以四川盆地南部地区为例
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尹中山
油气藏评价与开发 | 油气开发 2026,16(5): 1038-1052
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中低丰度煤系气藏有利区优选与开发技术实践——以四川盆地南部地区为例
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尹中山(1967—),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事非常规天然气勘探与开发研究。地址:四川省成都市青华路38号四川省地质调查研究院,邮政编码:610072。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

尹中山(1967—),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事非常规天然气勘探与开发研究。地址:四川省成都市青华路38号四川省地质调查研究院,邮政编码:610072。E-mail:

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尹中山
作者信息
  • 四川省地质调查研究院,四川   成都   610072
作者简介:

尹中山(1967—),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事非常规天然气勘探与开发研究。地址:四川省成都市青华路38号四川省地质调查研究院,邮政编码:610072。E-mail:

Favorable-area selection and development technology practices for medium-low abundance coal-measure gas reservoirs: a case study of southern Sichuan Basin
ZHONGSHAN YIN
Affiliations
  • Sichuan Institute of Geological Survey, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
出版时间: 2026-09-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025269
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四川盆地  /  煤系气藏  /  有利区优选  /  综合评价模型  /  川蔺参1井  /  开发模型
Sichuan Basin  /  coal-measure gas reservoir  /  favorable area selection  /  comprehensive evaluation model  /  Well Chuanlincan 1  /  development model
尹中山. 中低丰度煤系气藏有利区优选与开发技术实践——以四川盆地南部地区为例. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (5) : 1038 -1052 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025269
ZHONGSHAN YIN. Favorable-area selection and development technology practices for medium-low abundance coal-measure gas reservoirs: a case study of southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (5) : 1038 -1052 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025269
在含煤岩系中,除了煤层气资源外,还共伴生有页岩气、致密砂岩气资源,具有巨大的开发潜力[1-2]。
借鉴20世纪 80 年代美国等国家煤层气商业性开发的成功经验,依托技术引进与自主创新,中国煤层气产业快速发展,现已成为国内乃至全球天然气工业不可或缺的组成部分[3-5]。煤系页岩气是指富有机质的煤系泥页岩经过生排烃后残留在泥页岩层段内的天然气。煤层具有有机质含量极高,生气潜力巨大,粉砂质夹层的储集优越等性能[6]。
美国怀俄明州粉河盆地和澳大利亚苏拉特盆地等煤系气的成功开发[7-8],为破解中国煤层气产量徘徊困局提供了新思路与新机遇。前人总结了中国煤系气发展的4个阶段[9],中国石化、中国石油开展了煤系气研究与试气工作[10-11],针对贵州提出的“多层叠置独立含煤层气系统”可能具有普遍意义[12-13]。四川盆地南部(以下简称川南)地区针对煤系气开展了一系列探索[14-15]。
前人统计了中低丰度油气藏、气田的分布特征[16-17],基本明确了中低丰度油气藏特征[18],并提出高丰度煤系气藏用振幅随偏移距变化(Amplitude Variation With Offset,AVO)方法进行地震属性识别[19],为中国煤系气藏评价提供了重要的参考依据。
以四川盆地南部上二叠统龙潭组海陆交互相含煤地层为研究对象,针对煤系碳质页岩、泥页岩地层有机质类型Ⅲ—Ⅱ2型及“相变快、岩性变化大、煤岩和砂岩夹层多、黏土矿物含量较高”等特点,提出了中低丰度煤系气藏中煤层、页岩、致密砂岩多层叠置下的共生组合模式[14];结合统计分析与专家打分法,确定了煤系气藏各类气层评价因子赋值规则,同时建立了有利区综合评价指标评价体系。较系统地评价了煤层气、泥页岩气、致密砂岩气单采、合采的理论依据和具体方法技术原则,运用建立的选区评价体系预测了叙永河坝-海风地区煤系气开发潜力,并标定了川蔺参1井的“煤系三气”组合模式,评价了川南地区煤系气藏开发技术的适应性及其带动引领作用。该研究以古叙矿区ND1井、SD1井、河参1井、川蔺参1井等为例。
川南煤田包括筠连矿区、芙蓉矿区(含南广矿区)和古叙矿区,以北东向横排褶皱构造为主,构造形态常受南北向构造制约,且有东西向构造阻挡,使北东向构造与之复合联接,褶皱形态平面上常发生“S”型弯转。研究区西部在晚二叠世早期,为广阔的冲积平原环境,在玄武岩基底上沉积了一套以泥质岩、碎屑岩为主的陆相河流、湖泊含煤沉积,即宣威组下段,含煤层数少、单层厚度较大、含煤系数低;往东至叙永、古蔺逐渐过渡为潮坪三角洲海陆交互相含煤沉积,含煤性变好,具有可采煤层多、累积厚度较大、含煤系数较大[20]的特点(图1)。
中国陆上主要含油气盆地赋存的油气资源,按质量和经济性,可划分为高丰度和中低丰度两大类。油气地质储量丰度系数大于80×104 t/km2为高丰度,介于25×104~80×104 t/km2为中丰度,介于8.0×104~<25.0×104 t/km2为低丰度,小于8.0×104 t/km2为特低丰度[21];天然气储量丰度系数大于8.0×108m3/km2为高丰度,介于2.5×108~8.0×108 m3/km2为中丰度,介于0.8×108~<2.5×108 m3/km2为低丰度,小于0.8×108 m3/km2为特低丰度[16-17]。该研究所述的中低丰度煤系气藏是指资源丰度相对较低的非常规油气资源。已规模化开发的筠连沐爱煤层气区块,目前已提交的探明煤系气地质储量为93.84×108 m3,含气面积为49.1 km2,丰度为1.91×108 m3/km2,根据划分标准,为低丰度煤系气藏[22]。四川煤系气藏具有低丰度—中丰度的特征。
煤系气藏赋存状态多样,既有以吸附态为主的煤层气藏,又有以游离态为主的致密砂岩气藏,还有吸附态与游离态并存的煤系页岩气藏。煤系气藏的主要特征与煤层气藏相一致,整体表现为低渗透率、低丰度、常压为主的气藏[23]。
1)川南地区含煤地层垂向上具有一定的规律。岩性一般为煤层、泥页岩与砂岩互层,局部可见灰质泥岩。
2)各岩性层段均具有一定含气显示,对应气藏主要为煤层气、泥页岩气与致密砂岩气,但各自气藏的储层物性、成藏特征有所差异。煤储层具有极强的非均质和典型的多孔介质特征,煤层气主要以吸附态储存在煤储层孔隙中;其次存在泥页岩-煤层叠置共生,在局部地区龙潭组地层存在煤层-致密砂岩共生现象[24]。
3)自生自储和短距离垂向、侧向运移是煤系气共生特点,也有利于增加储层资源丰度。
烃类气体一部分以吸附态赋存于煤层与泥页岩层中,也有以游离态赋存于煤、泥页岩、致密砂岩孔裂隙空间;在地应力、地层流体压力和地层温度变化的情况下,随着埋深的增加,煤系气的赋存结果会有较大的变化;孔裂隙系统的复杂性大大增加了煤层气吸附态为主、煤系致密砂岩气游离态、页岩气游离与解吸运移机理的不确定性与复杂性。
1)煤系气藏具有层位相邻、重复叠置、多旋回性特点
川南地区宣威组、龙潭组与长兴组发育多套煤系天然气储层,具有不同类型的岩性共生组合、多类型气藏组合。A级组合:反映了不同沉积环境下的岩相(沉积亚相或微相)组合特征;B级模式:当其组合具备储气条件,经钻探、取心、测井、气测录井和地震预测等手段验证具备含气显示后,上升为不同的煤系气(煤层气-致密气-页岩气-天然气/游离气)一种或多种组合共生关系,即含气模式;通过对储层含气性、孔隙结构及空间展布特征、岩石力学参数、储层可改造性开展深入研究和综合评价,可划分出潜在产层组合(表1)。
2)岩性(岩相)组合-含气组合-产层组合模式
根据研究区宣威组、龙潭组和长兴组岩相组合类型结合各类气藏空间的关系,原则以煤层(组)为基准,该煤层组向上为泥岩、砂岩,煤层间含泥岩、砂岩重复叠置,综合沉积相带及特征、岩性组合及特点、含气组合及评价依据、代表性工程等,可以将研究区煤系气归纳为“Ⅲ类五型”模式(表1)。详细对ND2井、SD1井的含气显示组合进行了标定(图2),结果表明煤系地层气藏组合具备生烃-储集-气体富集条件,且与保存条件密不可分。
3)组合特征分析
模式变化规律:西部埋藏时间短、物源丰富,陆相沼泽环境,含煤组合及围岩岩石粒度较粗,C6—C8煤组间、顶底板泥岩较发育,含气量、压力系数较高,以Ⅰ1型、Ⅰ2型、Ⅱ1型、Ⅱ2型为主,往东部沉积环境变海陆交互相,水体动能频繁变动,岩性组合中砂泥岩呈叠置展布,软硬相间,形似“三明治”特征。
优势组合分布特点:龙潭组中部(C16—C24)含气组合以Ⅰ1型、Ⅰ2型、Ⅱ1型组合为主,有望作为主要目标层系,上部含煤性较差,泥页岩的生烃能力一般,在岩性非均质强且无外源侧向位移的前提下较难寻找Ⅰ型、Ⅱ1型的优势组合。
综上所述,川南地区煤系气特征:①生烃量大,持续充注能力强。煤系中的煤层和碳质泥页岩作为烃源岩,总厚度大,有机质含量较高,干酪根类型以Ⅲ型为主,吸附态、游离态及混合态多重赋存,因此煤系气资源丰度普遍较高[15]。②储集空间以孔隙-裂缝双重介质为主,孔隙形态以平板形、楔形和圆柱形为主,有机质孔隙占比略少。③以煤系气为核心,形成了以泥岩-煤层-泥岩为主的煤系气藏类型;煤系岩石由煤层(含量12%~17%)、泥岩(含量57%~66%为黏土成分,伊/蒙混层为主)、砂岩(含量20%~29%)、钙质泥岩(含量5%)等组成,厚薄不均,互层频繁,旋回性极强。同一岩层兼具生储盖功能,构成垂向上多套厚度变化不大、类型多变的煤系气藏[14]。
综合利用气测、岩心录井等手段,查明煤系地层含气性及其组合,通过岩心分析获取宏观定性、微观定量、岩石物理力学性质、储层敏感性试验等数据,确保单一储层或复合储层改造取得成功(图3)。
川南古叙地区大村矿段曾以两级指标的综合评价指数将煤层气开发有利区分为:Ⅰ类(指数大于0.75)、Ⅱ类(指数介于0.60~0.75)、Ⅲ类(指数介于0.50~<0.60)、Ⅳ类(指数小于0.50)[25]。
该研究采用层次分析法,明确了各级参数的定量化依据,参照规定的含气量起算标准(无烟煤Ⅲ号煤层气为8 m3/t,页岩气与致密砂岩气为1 m3/t),并结合国内外煤系气评价和开发试验经验开展系统分析[26-29],综合考虑川南地区龙潭组煤系地层含气组合特点,即煤层厚度、砂岩厚度、泥岩厚度及砂岩/泥岩的分布情况,分别以煤层(厚度分别为1.5、2.5 m,含气量分别为8、20 m3/t)、砂岩和泥岩(厚度分别为15、25 m,含气量分别为1、2 m3/t)为界限点进行赋值,体现不同储层在产气潜能方面的实际贡献,建立了煤系气区域地质参数、资源参数和开采条件参数三要素为Ⅰ级指标,针对各气藏特性制订评价指标取值标准;依据煤层-泥页岩-致密砂岩储层Ⅰ级指标分解,尤其考虑煤层气(煤系气)煤体结构的关键影响因素,页岩气与致密气以脆性指数为特征,并参照宏观与微观结合原则建立起“煤系三气”共采选区评价指标模型,界定为“煤系三气”共采选区四级评价指标体系(表2、表3)。
根据表2、表3所列的煤层气、泥页岩气、致密砂岩气3类气藏的四级指标,煤层厚度薄,含气性高,同时其他显示层位厚度、含气性的贡献评价难点,通过专家(权重)赋值体现储气层的综合贡献。统计表明:“煤系三气”的共伴生性,吸附气和游离气比例的变化对“三气共采”起到积极的作用,且煤储层供气占比大于60%的趋势没有变化,泥页岩气、致密砂岩气中的游离气在试采初期形成高产[4,30-33]。
结合区域地质参数、资源参数、开采条件参数3个Ⅰ级指标,基于统计“煤系三气”贡献情况,初步建立综合评价模型:
I指数=65%Icoal+35%(Ishale+Isand2)
式中:I指数为综合指数。
由四川省第六地质大队承担的“川南煤田古叙矿区河坝-海风煤层气资源调查评价”项目利用该研究的评价体系,开展有利区“煤系三气”综合贡献能力的预测[34](表4)。
表4中所列3个地区煤层气勘查程度较低,结合以往煤炭资源勘查与瓦斯地质资料,依托表2、表3及式(1)计算模型,初步判定这3个地区煤系气开发前景属Ⅱ类潜力区。河坝井田页岩气属Ⅱ类潜力区,排序为两河井田>海风井田>河坝井田。建议优先实施两河井田煤层气参数井工程。
充分利用研究区煤层气井测井、部分岩心解吸等资料,研判煤系地层中多种岩性(相)组合,确定具备转变为产层组合的条件。按照压裂改造增产原理,利用煤储层、泥页岩储层、致密砂岩储层特征及含气性等定量指标,开展可改造的产层选取综合评价,以“稳产+工业指标+EUR最大化”原则确定增产方案。表5为较有代表性的煤层、泥页岩、致密砂岩单一含气层的各种压裂改造参数,可为同类煤系气藏的高效开发提供参考,也可为复合含气层的改造提供基本参数。
煤系气藏高效开发基于动用储量、储层改造范围,利用模拟软件预测裂缝的扩展、裂缝网络的形态,匹配合理的压裂工艺、参数、压裂液的类型及支撑剂规模,利用裂缝监测方法表征裂缝形态与规模,以此开展储层改造体积(Stimulated Reservoir Volume,SRV)评价,为区块工业化开发提供技术支撑。
煤层天然发育大量厘米级、毫米级、微米级和纳米级的节理、割理、裂缝,具备复杂原始裂缝网络特征。裂缝网络通常发育或充填碳酸盐类、黏土类次生矿物,完全或部分失去了渗流能力[35]。
煤岩润湿特征明显,压裂液滤失量大[35];硅质、钙质等次生矿物易被酸蚀,运用潜在酸作为前置液,有助于增大煤岩各种尺度裂缝的基本连通或缝网形成,增大解吸、扩散速度和渗流范围[36]。
煤层气缝网改造思路: 针对川南地区煤层天然裂缝中充填矿物的成分、含量,研制与之相适应的压裂液体系[37],通过酸蚀作用,溶解充填矿物,疏通裂缝通道,最大限度构建具备良好连通性的复杂裂缝网络;随着支撑剂进入,近井带煤储层厘米级、毫米级割理、裂缝实现充分改造及支撑。
复合压裂液体系的运用:潜在酸作为前置液酸蚀裂缝中的硅质、钙质等矿物,实现对液体波及区裂缝的改造;清洁压裂液携砂,支撑近井段—远端裂缝,促使煤层内产生剪切、滑移等,进一步促进形成连通的复杂裂缝网络[38]。
煤系泥页岩产层连续厚度、脆性指数较低,充分利用射孔井段,尽可能将支撑剂输送到裂缝远端。
针对常压-超压页岩气藏含气总量、地应力、压力系数、储层应力等差异大等特点,使用连续加砂工艺、簇间暂堵优化设计,采用扩大压裂规模、提高砂比等技术,实现泥页岩气藏开发[39]。
借鉴“阶梯升排量、阶梯提砂比、阶梯提粒径”的“三阶梯”压裂加砂工艺模式,最大程度形成复杂裂缝网络,提升裂缝导流能力[40]。
鉴于该研究的多气合采是单井试验井(直井),直井分层压裂主要应用连续油管多层压裂技术,其优点是施工工艺简单、施工安全度较高。
体积压裂在形成主裂缝的同时会形成次生裂缝,且天然裂缝会持续扩张,形成复杂的裂缝网络结构,将扩大裂缝的渗流面积,从而增强其导流能力,实现单井产量提高。在体积压裂技术中,扩展裂缝使用的前置液主要为低黏度滑溜水,而支撑剂铺设则使用的是交联冻胶和高浓度支撑剂方案。在满足闭合压力条件下,运用低密度支撑剂能够增加有效缝高和缝长,压后容易返排,对储层伤害较小[41-43]。
煤层是特殊有机岩石,具备可生、可储、可产(油)气,与含气泥页岩、含气致密砂岩的有利组合决定了“三气共采”,有望提高单井产量。
川南上二叠统龙潭组含气组合纵向跨度较大(25~50 m),通过体积改造思路,达到复杂裂缝网络的形成和孤立储集空间的连通,实现煤系气开采估算最终采收率(Estimated Ultimate Recovery,EUR)的最大化、提高产量的目的。在活性水/潜在酸试验[44]、支撑剂和注入方式等试验数据基础上,制定“较大规模液量、砂量、排量、多次加砂+暂堵球”的储层改造思路。
运用含油气系统[45]、输导体系理论[46]为煤系气储层纵向一体化改造,对解决源-储-藏-产的时空匹配和动力学问题提供了很好的理论基础。输导体系是连接烃源岩和储气空间的纽带,具有时空性、独立性和动态的特点[46-47],图4中所示P3l地层的沉积发育—成煤—成烃—抬升剥蚀—构造挤压的全过程,直观展现出有机质、孔隙度等指标演变过程,为不同岩性-产层组合的有效综合改造提供了依据。①研究区煤层虽然含气量最高,但层厚普遍偏薄,若岩性组合层段能具有持续的供气能力,需要达到一定厚度。煤层和显示较好泥页岩层(邻层)是解决含气层厚度薄的关键。由于该层段含气性整体较好,为优势叠置模式[48]。②从力学参数角度分析,灰岩/砂岩层段较泥页岩和煤岩更有利于压裂,因此当岩性组合内泥页岩与煤层相邻,且灰岩/砂岩层段与高含气性层段(煤层)也相邻时,为更优叠置模式[48]。③考虑渗流影响,压裂过程中压裂液会沿着压裂缝呈向上扩散趋势,因此优势压裂层段(砂岩/灰岩)在主力供气层段(煤层/泥页岩)上部更有利于压裂裂缝扩展。
压裂薄软煤层在纵向上穿层难度较大,泥页岩层段与砂岩/灰岩层段距离越近,泥页岩中脆性矿物含量越多[49]。压裂过程中可以使裂缝穿过煤层界面进入相邻地层,所以当岩性组合满足泥页岩与煤层相邻(Ⅰ1型),灰岩/砂岩层段与煤层相邻(Ⅰ1型、Ⅰ2型),砂岩/灰岩在煤层/泥页岩上部(Ⅱ1型、Ⅱ2型)这3个条件时,为最优叠置模式。
在此基础上,对煤储层改造的同时,认真筛选具备一定厚度、脆性矿物比例高的含气泥页岩、含气致密砂岩层段(Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类),充分发挥各含气储层优势,克服含水饱和度负面作用,考虑3种储层裂缝起裂机制及体积缝网改造目标,在施工设备等条件许可的情况下,实施分层及合层改造作业,实现3种储层的最大化(一体化)改造,产气贡献相互补充,实现商业化开采。
基于前述理论,在四川盆地南部煤层气向煤系气勘探思路转变过程中,试验井均在空白区,在气井井身结构、完井、储层改造和排采方案的制定上进行了探索试验。基于研究区良好的含气显示、储层配置、储层物性、测井电性特征及可改造潜力,对目标层实施大规模储层压裂改造,实现了煤系气日产1 650~8 307 m3的良好效果[8]。煤系气缝网压裂技术先导性试验分别在川南地区西部的筠连、芙蓉矿区及东部的古叙矿区展开。
川南地区上二叠统龙潭组含煤地层的特点是多薄煤层间夹含气泥页岩、含气砂岩。该井完钻井深1 175 m,钻遇主力煤层分别为中煤组C12、C14、C16煤层和下煤组C19、C20、C24、C25煤层。
对该井的煤层气、页岩气、致密砂岩气及其组合进行了详细标定。依据气测录井成果、岩心解吸数据、测井解释结果,开展组合标定(图5)。标定成果显示,具备较好条件6个组合的厚度介于3~5 m,全烃异常显示较好,异常值介于10%~39%,煤层岩心含气量大于14.5 m3/t,泥岩岩心含气量大于1.5 m3/t,分别是Ⅰ1型2个、Ⅱ1型2个、Ⅲ型1个和泥岩气1个。
1)施工方案
深化微观认识,优选“泥页岩+煤层”作为压裂目标层,改造方案宜适度扩大改造规模。根据分析化验成果开展压裂选层的风险评估,制定了较大规模的煤层底板和煤层气中间含气泥岩的合层压裂、暂堵球工艺、覆膜砂、大排量作业的施工方案。
2)射孔选层
综合考虑固井质量、煤层地质条件,优选“煤层+底板泥岩组合”开展压裂改造。C19煤层(Ⅱ1型)、C20煤层(Ⅱ1型)、C24煤层(Ⅰ1型),煤层累积厚度约4.82 m,泥岩厚度均大于5 m。C19煤层上部隔层为粉砂质泥岩、C24下部隔层以泥岩为主,夹薄层碳质泥岩,含煤地层渗透性差且无明显水层特征,封隔效果良好。气测显示好,岩心解吸含气量较高,介于0.51~20.95 m3/t,测井解释成果显示各煤层(>8 m3/t)、泥页岩、砂岩层(>2 m3/t) 含气量达到改造标准。
射孔层段:C19煤层底部泥岩厚0.5 m,C20煤层顶部泥岩+煤共厚1.5 m,C24煤层底部泥岩厚1.0 m[50]。
3)压裂
压裂1 094.2~1 112.5 m井段,跨度17.3 m,累积射孔厚度3 m,射孔48孔。用液1 200 m3,暂堵球40颗,石英砂( 含覆膜砂)用量为48 m3,压裂期间工作压力介于28~52 MPa,加砂强度为16 t/m3。
4)试气
川蔺参1井产能测试工作始于2021年5月7日。2021年6月7日凌晨1点起套压,于6月14日试点火,瞬时产量达3 260 m3/d,套压下降0.07 MPa,关井后40 min恢复至0.065 MPa ,然后从日产256 m3开始阶梯提产,产气量逐步提高至832 m3/d(图6)。
与邻井川南56井比,川蔺参1井初期试气效果较好。解决了煤层薄的供气问题,一是泥岩破裂后裂缝上穿打开了煤层,二是较大规模压裂的方案是正确的,改造很充分、裂缝条数多、控制面积大,动用储量多,三是证明该井区地层压力系数较高,地层恢复能力快。实现了煤系气井中的“煤层+泥岩”或“泥岩+煤层”的成功改造和见气目标。
标定了煤系地层中不同含气组合,深化了“Ⅲ类五型”煤系气藏组合的共性特征认识;在以“煤层气为主,兼顾页岩气和致密砂岩气”的开发思想指导下,综合分析煤系气藏选区评价指标体系和合层开采中的关键技术,并将理论研究成果应用于现场多气共采井的改造试验,取得了明显成效。
1)建立了煤系气藏有利区优选评价模型。深入研究煤系烃源岩(煤层、泥页岩)与天然气储层(煤层-泥页岩-致密砂岩)叠置发育和配置关系,精细评价煤系地层选区评价的关键指标,充分考虑合采兼容性,建立了煤层气-泥页岩气-致密砂岩气的综合评价模型,并在叙永评价工作中运用效果显著。
2)总结了合采地层流体流动规律。在煤系气藏合采开发中,储层物性非均质性差异大、压裂工艺和工作制度均是造成源-储体系层间干扰的关键。充分利用“泥岩+煤层+泥岩”有利组合多相流体流动的研究结果,揭示多层合采中的层间干扰机制,运用含油气系统结合疏导理论打通了煤层-泥页岩-砂岩渗流障碍。
3)实施地质-工程综合技术方法有效。利用含气厚度、含气性、力学参数、渗流影响的系统观点,深化了3种储层宏观微观认识,以川蔺参1井日产气近千方的改造效果,证实“三气合采”具备工程可行性,划分出3类储层改造模式:煤层、煤层与近煤层泥页岩组合、煤层纵横向远端致密砂岩。

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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025269
  • 接收时间:2025-11-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-09-26
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    四川省地质调查研究院,四川   成都   610072
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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