Article(id=1322942438406497143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024575, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1738857600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343656398, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784995200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343656398, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343656398, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343656398, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941842395889747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='4', pageStart='737', pageEnd='948', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784995200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343514297, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344192960, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944689019695905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944689019695906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=819, endPage=827, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322942438628795256, articleId=1322942438406497143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Accumulation models of Paleogene whole petroleum system in southern section of Pinghu tectonic belt in Xihu Sag, columnId=1322941494130258079, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Exploration, runingTitle=null, highlight=

The southern section of the Pinghu tectonic belt in the Xihu Sag of the East China Sea Shelf Basin has favorable conditions for oil and gas accumulation. Under the combined influence of multiphase tectonic movements and lithologic sand bodies, it is characterized by complex oil and gas enrichment patterns and diverse reservoir types. After more than ten years of development, abundant oil and gas discoveries have been made in the southern section of the Pinghu tectonic belt. However, with the increasing pressure to increase reserves in the middle and late stages of gasfield development, a new round of comprehensive geological research is needed to further identify the rolling exploration potential around development platforms and to determine the accumulation characteristics and main controlling factors of differential enrichment in the southern section of the Pinghu tectonic belt in the Xihu Sag. Guided by the new whole petroleum system theory and based on well and seismic data and laboratory analysis data, this study systematically analyzed the distribution characteristics and main controlling factors of Paleogene conventional and tight oil and gas reservoirs in the southern section of the Pinghu tectonic belt by using oil-gas-source correlation and basin simulation methods. The results showed that the Paleogene in the southern section of the Pinghu tectonic belt constitutes a whole petroleum system. The carbonaceous mudstones and coals of the third to fifth members of the Pinghu Formation had strong hydrocarbon-generation capacity and great hydrocarbon-generation potential and were effective source rock intervals in this area. Comprehensive analysis of experiments and simulations indicated that about 40% of the hydrocarbons generated from the current effective source rocks had been expelled, providing the material basis for the present reservoirs. After two phases of oil and gas charging and reworking, an orderly accumulation model of medium-shallow conventional oil and gas reservoirs and medium-deep tight oil and gas reservoirs was formed. At the current stage, development mainly targeted conventional reservoirs, whereas tight reservoirs were less developed. The study concludes that tight oil and gas formed within the source rocks of the third to fifth members of the Pinghu Formation have great potential, and the main controlling factor for enrichment is the reservoir physical-property “sweet spot”. Such reservoirs are favorable targets for the next stage of exploration and development. This study provides a solid theoretical basis for increasing oil and gas reserves and production in the southern section of the Pinghu tectonic belt in the Xihu Sag and also offers guidance for rolling exploration strategies in the Xihu Sag.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=SHUMEI YAN, FANGYUAN LIU, YAWEN LIU, XIAOJUAN HUANG, CHUNYE YU, MINXIN YANG, authorsList=SHUMEI YAN, FANGYUAN LIU, YAWEN LIU, XIAOJUAN HUANG, CHUNYE YU, MINXIN YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322942441938101127, articleId=1322942438406497143, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=西湖凹陷平湖构造带南段古近系全油气系统成藏模式, columnId=1322941494327390371, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气勘探, runingTitle=null, highlight=

东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷平湖构造带南段具有较好的油气成藏条件,由于受到多期构造运动与岩性砂体复合控制,呈现出油气富集规律的复杂及油气藏类型的多样性特征。西湖凹陷平湖构造带南段经历十多年的开发,油气成果丰富,但是随着开发中后期气田增储压力逐渐增加,为进一步指明后续开发平台周边的滚动勘探潜力,需开展新一轮的地质综合研究,明确西湖凹陷平湖构造带南段成藏特征及差异富集的主控因素。该研究以全油气系统新理论为指导,结合井震资料、分析化验资料,采用油气源对比、盆地模拟等方法,系统分析了平湖构造带南段古近系常规-致密油气藏的分布特征与主控因素。研究结果表明:平湖构造带南段古近系是1个全油气系统,其中平湖组三段—平湖组五段碳泥岩和煤具有较强的生烃能力,生烃潜力较大,是该地区有效烃源岩层系;通过实验和模拟综合判断,目前有效烃源岩中生成的油气已排出40%,是油气藏的物质基础。油气藏经历两期油气充注和改造后,形成了中浅层常规油气藏和中深层致密油气藏的有序成藏模式,目前开发主要针对常规油气藏,而致密油气藏的开发较少。结论认为平湖组三段—平湖组五段源内成藏的致密油气潜力较大,富集的主控要素是储层的物性“甜点”,该类气藏是下步勘探开发的有利目标。该研究为西湖凹陷平湖构造带南段油气增储上产提供坚实理论基础,同时也对西湖凹陷的滚动勘探思路优化具有借鉴意义。

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严曙梅(1984—),女,硕士,副研究员,主要从事油气田开发地质方面的工作。地址:上海市浦东新区商城路1225号海洋石油大楼,邮政编码:200120。E-mail:

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严曙梅(1984—),女,硕士,副研究员,主要从事油气田开发地质方面的工作。地址:上海市浦东新区商城路1225号海洋石油大楼,邮政编码:200120。E-mail:

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严曙梅(1984—),女,硕士,副研究员,主要从事油气田开发地质方面的工作。地址:上海市浦东新区商城路1225号海洋石油大楼,邮政编码:200120。E-mail:

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Journal of Geomechanics, 2024, 30(6): 893-905., articleTitle=The application of sedimentary microfacies on the fracability of tight sandstone reservoir in Chang 7 member of Longdong Area in the Ordos Basin, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322942442391085960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942438406497143, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942442399474569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942438406497143, companyId=1322942442391085960, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Sinopec Shanghai Offshore Oil & Gas Company, Shanghai 200120, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942442412057482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942438406497143, companyId=1322942442391085960, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国石化上海海洋油气分公司勘探开发研究院,上海   200120)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322942446388257715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942438406497143, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Tectonic location and characteristics of southern section of Pinghu tectonic belt in Xihu Sag, figureFileSmall=AWokIFsqf40XhypVhSxwYw==, figureFileBig=0+59bVWWNfVLfU+qC9z+VQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942446472143796, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942438406497143, language=CN, label=图1, caption=西湖凹陷平湖构造带南段构造位置及构造特征, figureFileSmall=AWokIFsqf40XhypVhSxwYw==, figureFileBig=0+59bVWWNfVLfU+qC9z+VQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942446690247605, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942438406497143, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Stratigraphic and Paleogene sedimentary characteristics of southern section of Pinghu tectonic belt in Xihu Sag, figureFileSmall=8PjmBiuAFlDn5G17ySxtow==, figureFileBig=OjQLZieRwdabJrstHAp8Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942446765745078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942438406497143, language=CN, label=图2, caption=西湖凹陷平湖构造带南段地层及古近系沉积特征

注:龙下段为龙井组下段;1 ft=0.304 8m。

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西湖凹陷平湖构造带南段古近系全油气系统成藏模式
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严曙梅(1984—),女,硕士,副研究员,主要从事油气田开发地质方面的工作。地址:上海市浦东新区商城路1225号海洋石油大楼,邮政编码:200120。E-mail:

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严曙梅(1984—),女,硕士,副研究员,主要从事油气田开发地质方面的工作。地址:上海市浦东新区商城路1225号海洋石油大楼,邮政编码:200120。E-mail:

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严曙梅 , 刘方圆, 刘雅雯, 黄小娟, 于春野, 杨民鑫
作者信息
  • 中国石化上海海洋油气分公司勘探开发研究院,上海   200120
作者简介:

严曙梅(1984—),女,硕士,副研究员,主要从事油气田开发地质方面的工作。地址:上海市浦东新区商城路1225号海洋石油大楼,邮政编码:200120。E-mail:

Accumulation models of Paleogene whole petroleum system in southern section of Pinghu tectonic belt in Xihu Sag
SHUMEI YAN , FANGYUAN LIU, YAWEN LIU, XIAOJUAN HUANG, CHUNYE YU, MINXIN YANG
Affiliations
  • Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Sinopec Shanghai Offshore Oil & Gas Company, Shanghai 200120, China
出版时间: 2026-07-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024575
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西湖凹陷  /  全油气系统  /  地球化学评价  /  油气资源  /  油气成藏
Xihu Sag  /  whole petroleum system  /  geochemical evaluation  /  oil and gas resources  /  oil and gas accumulation
严曙梅, 刘方圆, 刘雅雯, 黄小娟, 于春野, 杨民鑫. 西湖凹陷平湖构造带南段古近系全油气系统成藏模式. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (4) : 819 -827 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024575
SHUMEI YAN, FANGYUAN LIU, YAWEN LIU, XIAOJUAN HUANG, CHUNYE YU, MINXIN YANG. Accumulation models of Paleogene whole petroleum system in southern section of Pinghu tectonic belt in Xihu Sag[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (4) : 819 -827 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024575
全油气系统的概念是由贾承造等[1-3]提出,是一套用于研究油气成藏规律和富集条件的理论体系和系列技术方法。全油气系统是指“含油气盆地相互关联的源岩层形成的全部油气、油气藏、油气资源及其形成演化过程和分布”。此概念的提出以烃源岩和圈闭为中心,将描述烃源岩与油气藏间联系的含油气系统[4]分析方法与以“元素—结构—功能”的系统思想为指导的油气成藏体系[5]研究理论相结合,评价对象也从常规油气藏拓展至致密油气藏、页岩油气藏[6-9]。该概念的提出,形成油气成藏新的理论框架,为成藏评价提供新思路。
全油气系统以油气来源、输导体系、流体动力场、油气分布特征、油气成藏模式[10]及油气充注时间与期次等为研究内容,将其归纳为4个核心方面:成藏差异成因机制、成藏规律与分布边界、油气藏分布潜力预测关键技术,以及资源潜力方向预测。该理论的关键定量评价内容包括:基于油气门限概念的运聚机制和特征分析,根据控藏作用解析油气藏分布特征,以及依托油气门限联合控藏模式进行油气资源潜力的定量预测和评价。通过综合研究更加明确成藏研究的目的和意义,也反映出成藏研究的重要性。
东海西湖凹陷经过数年的勘探开发证实是1个富烃凹陷[11-14]。目前,发现的油气藏类型多样,包括构造油气藏、构造岩性复合油气藏和致密油气藏[15-17]。平湖构造带南段开发实践证实该地区油气发现有常规油气和致密油气,这些油气藏的成藏与该地区周边烃源岩关系明显[18-20],展现出常规-非常规有序共生、全油气系统成藏的特点。因此,常规的油气成藏理论无法对该地区多类型的油气藏成藏有序特征和“序列成藏”规律进行系统分析,该研究将应用全油气系统概念和评价方法,重建西湖凹陷平湖构造带南段成藏模式,指导后续潜力方向。
东海陆架盆地西湖凹陷构造演化[21-23]经历了古新世至始新世断陷期平湖和玉泉运动、渐新世至中新世拗陷反转花港和龙井运动、第四系区域沉降3个阶段。凹陷构造格局具有东西分带的特征:由西往东分为西部斜坡带、三潭深凹、中央背斜带等,研究区位于西部斜坡带的中部平湖断裂控制的平湖构造带南段。
平湖构造带南段的构造均为平湖斜坡带内的次级断裂控制的断鼻-断背斜构造。次级断裂与平湖大断裂同是在盆地裂谷期拉张作用下形成的,总体呈北北东—北东向展布。断裂平面呈现帚状,剖面呈顺向断阶特征。研究区构造圈闭由深部(始新世)逆牵引同生构造和浅部(渐新世—中新世)挤压构造叠合形成的复合型构造(图1)。
钻井揭示的地层自上而下依次为第四系东海群,新近系上新统三潭组,中新统柳浪组、玉泉组、龙井组,古近系渐新统花港组,始新统平湖组等地层(图1),平面位置见图1剖面C。其中,古近系始新统平湖组沉积地层可划分为五段(平湖组一段至平湖组五段);渐新统花港组沉积地层可划分为两段(花下段和花上段)。花港组以河流相沉积为主,砂体厚度大、连续性好;平湖组总体为受潮汐影响的三角洲为主的沉积体系,可见砂地比较小,向海方向的H11井砂体相对增厚表现潮汐特征[24-27];花港组主要发育陆相背景下的河流—三角洲等沉积体系,砂体较发育[28](图2)。
油气主要分布在始新统平湖组与渐新统花港组地层中。纵向上,总体表现为“上油下气”的垂向分布模式(图2)。其中,花港组以产油为主,平湖组以产气为主,但是致密油藏和致密气藏在埋深3 500 m以深的地层中均有发现。平湖组三段以下地层开始发育致密油藏和致密气藏,部分致密气藏内部发育“甜点”,可以自然投产,部分需要压裂投产[29-30]。
西湖凹陷始新统平湖组、渐新统花港组均发育烃源岩系,有泥岩、碳质泥岩和煤3种类型。渐新统花港组烃源岩是滨浅湖沉积产物。研究区内花港组暗色泥岩平均厚度为120 m,煤层厚度为5 m。其中,下段暗色泥岩厚度介于62~143 m,煤层和碳质泥岩厚度介于5.1~27.5 m;上段暗色泥岩厚度介于50~60 m,煤层和碳质泥岩厚度仅为2.7~9.7 m。始新统平湖组为1套海陆过渡相的半封闭海湾沉积,岩性以灰色、深灰色泥岩为主,发育薄煤层及碳质泥岩。研究区暗色泥岩厚度普遍大于200 m,最厚可达860 m,占地层总厚度的58.7%。平湖组平均埋深介于3 000~5 000 m,厚度大于1 000 m的暗色泥岩的面积超过100 km2。煤层及碳质泥岩多为潮坪沼泽沉积的产物,平湖组平均含煤系数为3.31%,平均累积厚度为28 m。
分层对比烃源岩丰度,其中始新统平湖组的有机质丰度最高,总有机碳含量的平均值为1.03%,依据西湖凹陷煤系烃源岩有机质丰度的评价标准,整体上为中等级别烃源岩。从总有机碳(TOC)含量与S1+S2(S1为游离态烃含量,S2为热解烃含量)交会图和TOC参数统计结果(图3a、图3b)可以看出,平湖组三段至平湖组五段烃源岩中好和优质烃源岩比例最高,中等、非、差烃源岩相对占比较低;平湖组一段和二段烃源岩中非、差烃源岩含量有所增加,总有机碳含量的平均值为1.01%。而渐新统花港组上段、下段烃源岩有机质丰度相当,总有机碳含量的平均值分别为0.49%和0.62%,总体上属于差—中等级别烃源岩。
由有机质类型基于岩石热解资料结果可见(图3c),中新统和渐新统花港组样品变化范围相对比较集中,有机质类型以Ⅱ2型、Ⅲ型为主;始新统平湖组三、四段样品变化范围比较宽泛,有机质类型从Ⅰ型到Ⅲ型均有分布,但多数分布在Ⅱ1型、Ⅱ2型区间内;平湖组五段样品变化范围也比较宽泛,有机质类型从Ⅰ型到Ⅲ型均有分布,但多数分布在Ⅰ型、Ⅱ1型、Ⅱ2型区间内。综合上述各种划分有机质类型的指标和方法,可以判定西湖凹陷烃源岩总体上以Ⅱ2型、Ⅲ型有机质为主,部分Ⅱ1型,极少数Ⅰ型。
综合以上烃源岩各项指标特征,明确研究区范围内平湖组三段以下的优质烃源岩已达到生烃门限,面积约300 km2,且泥岩厚度大于800 m的面积超过100 km2,为该地区油气聚集提供丰富的物质基础。
该地区烃源岩生烃模拟实验表明(图4a、图4b),总油产率在330 ℃前随温度升高而增大,在330 ℃时达到峰值,为103.73 mg/gTOC,随后一直下降,至420 ℃时降为52.76 mg/gTOC。根据总产油率、总产气率及生烃产率变化可以看出,烃源岩达到生油高峰后总油产率下降,而总产气率快速增长,说明到达生油高峰后随着温度的升高,原油裂解生成天然气,导致总产油率降低,总产气率快速升高。
盆地模拟结果与实测结果具有较好一致性(图4c),研究区自埋深2 700 m开始进入生烃门限(Ro>0.5%,Ro为镜质体反射率),至3 500 m进入排油门限(Ro>0.7%),同时产生湿气。现今该地区烃源岩正处于生烃高峰,为生气排油时期,平湖组三段以下的有效源岩普遍埋深大于3 500 m,可推断该地区烃源岩内存在天然气未排出;从H5井热演化和生排烃模拟可以看出,该地区平湖组三段烃源岩于19 Ma开始生烃,11.9 Ma开始排烃,累积生烃率20.4 mg/gTOC,其中累积生油率6.37 mg/gTOC,累积生气率14 mg/gTOC;累积排烃率7.93 mg/g TOC,其中累积排油率1.63 mg/gTOC,累积排气率6.3 mg/gTOC;排油效率25.6%,排气效率44%,总体排烃效率38.87%。该井位于研究区中带,具有较好代表性,预计该地区有40%油气排出,形成常规油气藏,而60%油气滞留在烃源岩内。
花港组原油属于低密度、低含硫量、低含蜡、低凝固点的高品质轻质油,平湖组凝析油具有高含蜡、中凝固点的特征。通过天然气碳同位素组成对比并结合前人认识可知,平湖构造带主要产气层天然气均属热成因气,为Ⅱ、Ⅲ型干酪根产生的油型气和煤型气的混源气,成熟度高。同时,部分气样表现为早期降解气特征。利用二萜类参数分析表明,原油主要来自松柏科植物的树脂(图5a),奥利烷和Ts/(Ts+Tm)(Ts为甾烷类生物标志物,Tm为萜烷类生物标志物)生标参数的交汇图也说明花港组和平湖组的原油同源(图5b),且该地平湖组泥岩和研究区东部平湖组源岩具有一定相似性。综合各项指标的油气源对比分析表明(图5c、图5d),研究区的原油和天然气的来源相同,主要来源于始新统平湖组煤系地层,天然气成熟度多与目前平湖组源岩成熟度相近,部分天然气成熟度高,有来自平湖组以下深部源岩的贡献。
平湖构造带南段储盖组合以平湖组最为重要,花港组次之。平湖构造带平湖组和花港组地层为砂、泥岩地层,其中花港组上段泥质含量高,单层厚度大,分布稳定,是西湖凹陷的区域性盖层,平湖组内发育多套稳定泥岩,厚度较薄,也可以起到局部盖层的作用(图2)。
平湖组储层主要为中低孔、中低渗储层,部分为特低孔特低渗储层。花港组储层主要为中孔中渗、中孔低渗储层(图6)。根据物性与埋深关系,分析研究区3 500 m以浅是常规储层,3 500 m以深为致密储层,其内部“甜点”发育是有利的油气成藏储层,在整体致密的背景下,其成藏动力类型与常规储层存在明显差异。
目前,研究区内发育平湖组—花港组下生上储型和平湖组自生自储型致密油气藏。成藏过程方面,根据已有流体包裹体显微测温结果表明,平湖构造带南段平湖组及花港组下段油气充注时期分别为晚中新世和第四纪,并以3 Ma以来最为重要,为晚期快速成藏。结合生排烃历史、构造演化史和油气充注历史,中—晚中新世时期,平湖组四、五段烃源岩达到生烃高峰,距今约15 Ma,中带排烃强度超过了1×106 t/km2,低带最大排烃强度可达1.5×106 t/km2。距今约10 Ma,中带排烃强度介于1×106~2×106 t/km2,低带排烃强度介于2×106~3×106 t/km2。生成的油气在相互连通的砂岩层、平湖组与花港组不整合面及断层的联合输导作用下,运移至平湖组储层中聚集成藏。该时期的储层物性介于15%~20%,并且随着油气持续充注,圈闭内油气形成分异,天然气位于上部,原油处于下部。距今3 Ma以来,平湖组圈闭内油气藏经历第二期油气充注过程,此时高带烃源岩进入排烃门限,排烃强度介于1×106~2×106 t/km2,中带排烃强度介于2×106~3×106 t/km2,低带排烃强度介于2×106~4×106 t/km2。此时充注物性下限介于6%~8%,可进一步对致密储层进行充注,随着天然气的不断充注聚集,原先聚集于平湖组圈闭中的原油被挤出,形成常规和致密气藏,同时驱使原油向上运移至花港组储层聚集成藏,后期再次活动的断层成为原油向上运移的有利通道,原油在第二次运移过程中混合、溶入了部分第二期成熟度较高的天然气,储层中聚集后形成常规油气藏;原油在花港组储层内聚集成藏后,部分受到生物降解等作用的影响,导致原油密度发生变化,高部位常规构造油藏。最终形成下部致密油气藏,上部常规油气藏的特征(图7),平面位置见图1。
根据成藏要素分析,古近系地层是1个完整的全油气系统。分布平面上,成藏圈闭距离有效烃源岩10 km内形成可开发油气藏,5 km内油气富集程度更高;纵向上,浅层从1 500 m开始聚集,距离烃源岩越近成藏效果更好,3 500 m以深是致密储层为主。综上所述,古近系全油气系统内部可划分为中浅层常规成藏组合、深层致密成藏组合及非常规成藏组合(图7)。
中浅层成藏组合为多期充注下生上储组合类型,具有以下4点特征:①“上油下气”的分布特征,其中,花港组以背斜型轻质油藏为主,并处于正常压力系统之中,平湖组油气藏类型以断块和断背斜型的高压凝析气藏为主;②油气源对比分析表明,平湖组内天然气成熟度虽远高于花港组内原油成熟度,但二者均源自平湖组源岩不同期次的充注;③平湖组油气经历了晚中新世和第四纪两期油气充注,而花港组油气只经历第四纪一期油气充注;④油气侧向与垂向运移对油气田的形成起了十分重要的作用。此类型油气藏为目前该区需要开发的油气藏类型。
深层成藏组合主要为平湖组自生自储的成藏组合类型,具有以下4点特征:①保存条件好的表现为凝析气藏,保存条件较差的表现为高含蜡油藏。②存在两期充注,充注充分的为致密气藏,充注较差的为油藏、气水层和干层。③油气藏位于超压层段内,保存条件较好但需要更强的充注动力。④非达西渗流是此类型油气充注的有效动力,根据烃源岩排烃强度与物性参数建立的经验公式计算,当排烃强度大于1×106 t/km2后,储层充注物性下限孔隙度为11%;当排烃强度大于2×106 t/km2后,储层充注物性下限孔隙度为10%。根据该地区致密储层内“甜点”特征(图6),致密储层中具有油气进一步充注条件,综上所述,此类型潜力较大是要进一步寻找的潜力。
非常规组合是以平湖组四、五段煤层和泥岩为主,主要是储层储集性较差,根据该地区烃源岩热解参数,建立平湖组烃源岩烃量估算公式,估算研究区范围内本地烃量平湖组生烃量为94.2×108 t,生油量为76.3×108 t(占81%),生气量为214.2×108 m3(占19 %),排出量预计是生烃量的40 %,烃源岩排烃量占聚集量的50%,另有50%由研究区东部的更深层平湖组烃源岩贡献,其次该系统中泥岩和煤层处于生烃高峰,仍有滞留在烃源岩内部的油气,将是后续页岩及煤层气的评价方向。
研究区深层致密油气藏是主要的潜力方向,但是致密油气藏中储层物性是富集的关键要素。与区域同类型深层储层相比,研究区深层储层压实作用相对较弱,保存了部分原生孔隙,随后的两期流体运动对岩石产生溶蚀作用,形成大量次生孔隙,因此最终3 500 m以深地层能保存下来的孔隙度均值能大于10 %,是该区优质的储集空间类型。
该地区成岩属于以早期方解石、高岭石为主的弱压实成岩序列,成岩过程为:沉积—埋藏—压实—早期碳酸盐胶结—早期溶蚀—晚期弱胶结作用(硅质、钙质)—晚期溶蚀作用。其中,平湖组储层中填隙物主要为高岭石、伊利石、硅质次生加大、(铁)方解石、(铁)白云石,总体积分数为5.15 %;花港组填隙物主要为伊利石、高岭石、绿泥石等自生黏土矿物、硅质次生加大,体积分数为5.10 %,碳酸盐岩胶结物极少见,总体而言,斜坡带填隙物类型主要为黏土矿物,晚期碳酸盐岩胶结物含量较少,为次生孔隙的形成提供一定的空间。
平湖组—花港组沉积相研究表明:花港组三角洲前缘水下分流河道和河口坝物性最好,砂岩粒度粗,滨浅湖物性略差,可以认为沉积条件对储层物性的影响是最重要的[31]。在平湖组沉积时期,潮汐水道及三角洲的主河道是好的储层类型,沉积相在一定程度上控制了深层“甜点”发育,是后续优质储层的寻找方向。
1) 平湖构造带南段古近系全油气系统围绕平湖组三段—五段有效烃源岩层系,发育构造油气藏、岩性-构造油气藏、致密油气藏,是西湖凹陷具有潜力的全油气系统。
2) 古近系地层内具有良好的油气系统形成条件,平湖组三段以下的优质烃源岩提供了充足的油气来源,花港组和平湖组多类型储盖组合为油气聚集提供条件,生烃增压为油气运聚提供动力,因此研究区内形成了常规-致密-煤层页岩气的有序成藏模式。
3) 平湖构造带南段古近系全油气系统致密油气藏的勘探潜力较大,其成藏富集的关键要素是储层物性。储层物性较好的深层“甜点”是未来勘探开发的有利方向。

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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024575
  • 接收时间:2025-02-07
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-26
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    中国石化上海海洋油气分公司勘探开发研究院,上海   200120
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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