Article(id=1322942321913897126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024363, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734969600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343628624, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1779724800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343628624, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343628624, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343628624, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941718441623734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='3', pageStart='489', pageEnd='736', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779724800000', pubDateStr='2026-05-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343484745, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344165564, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944574066402279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944574070596584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=722, endPage=729, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322942322090057895, articleId=1322942321913897126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Research on optimization technology of fracture proppant profiles for shale oil: A case study of second member of Funing Formation in Huazhuang block, Subei Basin, columnId=1322941621217657699, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Engineering Techniques, runingTitle=null, highlight=

In recent years, volume fracturing has become a method for shale oil production enhancement. The effectiveness of proppant support during the fracturing process directly affects the post-fracturing results. The shale oil reservoir in the second member of the Funing Formation (hereinafter referred to as the Fu-2 member) in the Huazhuang block, Subei Basin exhibits significant vertical heterogeneity and poses challenges for sand addition, which in turn hampers proppant migration and affects stimulation effectiveness. To address these issues, physical model experiments were conducted to clarify fracture types, widths at different levels, and corresponding proppant particle sizes. The feasibility of using quartz sand to replace ceramic proppant was explored through laboratory proppant conductivity experiments. On this basis, the optimization of sand laying procedure was carried out to reduce the construction difficulty and improve stimulation performance. The results of the physical model experiments showed that the shale oil reservoirs in the Fu-2 member of the Huazhuang block comprised three types: main fractures, first-level bedding fractures, and second-level bedding fractures. The corresponding fracture widths were 4.375, 1.285, and 0.625 mm, respectively. 100-200 mesh and 70-140 mesh proppants could enter the main fractures, first-level bedding fractures, and second-level bedding fractures, while 40-70 mesh proppants could only enter the main fractures and first-level bedding fractures. Laboratory conductivity experiments indicated that the conductivity of quartz sand could be improved by increasing the sand mass concentration, thereby replacing ceramic proppant to achieve proppant cost reduction. The results of sand laying procedure optimization showed that adopting the strategy of "first settling and bridging + subsequent long-distance migration + tail high conductivity near the wellbore", and implementing a construction mode of high flow rate, variable viscosity, and high sand-to-liquid ratio—using 40-70 mesh quartz sand for bridging and tailing with a sand laying ratio of 40-70 mesh quartz sand to ceramic proppant of 2∶1—was beneficial for improving fracture proppant profile morphology and enhancing fracture conductivity. This method was applied in the field at well HY7H, successfully completing 32 stages with stable operation pressure. Continuous sand addition in medium-to-long slugs was achieved, increasing the sand addition intensity of this well to 4.7 t/m, with a post-fracturing peak daily oil production of 52.3 t and a current cumulative oil production of 1.3×104 t.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=XIAORUI HOU, ZHIRONG JIN, YUE HUANG, HAORAN DU, LEIYU HE, authorsList=XIAORUI HOU, ZHIRONG JIN, YUE HUANG, HAORAN DU, LEIYU HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322942325508415670, articleId=1322942321913897126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=页岩油裂缝支撑剖面优化技术研究——以苏北地区花庄区块阜宁组二段为例, columnId=1322941621964243813, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=工程工艺, runingTitle=null, highlight=

近年来,体积压裂成为页岩油增产手段,压裂过程中支撑剂的有效支撑直接影响压后效果。针对苏北地区花庄区块阜宁组二段(以下简称阜二段)页岩油储层具有显著的纵向非均质性,加砂难度大,导致支撑剂运移难度大,影响改造效果的问题,应用物模实验明确裂缝类型、不同级别裂缝宽度以及相匹配的支撑剂粒径,通过室内支撑剂导流能力探究石英砂代替陶粒的可行性,在此基础上开展铺砂程序优化降低施工难度,提升改造效果。物模实验结果表明:花庄区块阜二段页岩油储层为主裂缝、一级层理缝、二级层理缝这3种类型,对应缝宽分别为4.375、1.285、0.625 mm,100~200目和70~140目支撑剂能够进入主裂缝、一级层理缝、二级层理缝,40~70目支撑剂只能够进入主裂缝和一级层理缝。室内导流实验表明:通过提高铺砂质量浓度可提升石英砂导流能力,从而代替陶粒支撑剂,实现降本增效。铺砂程序优化结果显示:采用“先沉降架桥+后长距离运移+尾近井高导流”的思路,通过大排量、变黏度、高砂液比的施工模式,以40~70目石英砂进行架桥,并在尾追阶段采用40~70目石英砂与40~70目陶粒按2∶1混合的铺砂模式。这种组合方式有利于改善裂缝支撑剖面形态,提高裂缝导流能力。目前,该方案已在HY7H井进行现场应用,并顺利完成32段施工,施工压力平稳,实现中长段塞连续加砂,提高该井加砂强度达4.7 t/m,压后日产油量峰值52.3 t,累积产油量1.3×104 t。

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侯晓蕊(1995—),女,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事油田储层改造技术研究。地址:江苏省扬州市邗江区文汇西路1号,邮政编码:225009。E-mail:

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侯晓蕊(1995—),女,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事油田储层改造技术研究。地址:江苏省扬州市邗江区文汇西路1号,邮政编码:225009。E-mail:

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侯晓蕊(1995—),女,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事油田储层改造技术研究。地址:江苏省扬州市邗江区文汇西路1号,邮政编码:225009。E-mail:

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Chemical Engineering of Oil & Gas, 2024, 53(3): 92-97., articleTitle=Influencing factors of the fracture conductivity of propped cracks in the Shaximiao tight sandstone reservoir in central Sichuan, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322942340746322229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=5, pageStart=121, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=56, authorNames=唐堂, 郭建春, 翁定为, journalName=石油钻探技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐堂, 郭建春, 翁定为, 等. 基于PIV/PTV的平板裂缝支撑剂输送试验研究[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2023, 51(5): 121-129., articleTitle=基于PIV/PTV的平板裂缝支撑剂输送试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322942340817625398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=51, issue=5, pageStart=121, pageEnd=129, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=57, authorNames=TANG Tang, GUO Jianchun, WENG Dingwei, journalName=Petroleum Drilling Techniques, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG Tang, GUO Jianchun, WENG Dingwei, et al. Experimental study of proppant transport in flat fracture based on PIV/PTV[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2023, 51(5): 121-129., articleTitle=Experimental study of proppant transport in flat fracture based on PIV/PTV, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322942340884734263, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=24, issue=5, pageStart=45, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=58, authorNames=柳贡慧, 庞飞, 陈治喜, journalName=石油大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=柳贡慧, 庞飞, 陈治喜. 水力压裂模拟实验中的相似准则[J]. 石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 24(5): 45-48., articleTitle=水力压裂模拟实验中的相似准则, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322942341035729208, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=24, issue=5, pageStart=45, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=59, authorNames=LIU Gonghui, PANG Fei, CHEN Zhixi, journalName=Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science), refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Gonghui, PANG Fei, CHEN Zhixi. 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Journal of China University of Petroleum(Edition of Natural Science), 2000, 24(5): 45-48., articleTitle=Development of scaling laws for hydraulic fracture simulation tests, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322942341148975417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=8, pageStart=148, pageEnd=161, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=60, authorNames=郭建春, 路千里, 何佑伟, journalName=天然气工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=郭建春, 路千里, 何佑伟. 页岩气压裂的几个关键问题与探索[J]. 天然气工业, 2022, 42(8): 148-161., articleTitle=页岩气压裂的几个关键问题与探索, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322942341220278586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=42, issue=8, pageStart=148, pageEnd=161, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=61, authorNames=GUO Jianchun, LU Qianli, HE Youwei, journalName=Natural Gas Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GUO Jianchun, LU Qianli, HE Youwei. Key issues and explorations in shale gas fracturing[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2022, 42(8): 148-161., articleTitle=Key issues and explorations in shale gas fracturing, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322942325827182775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942325835571384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, companyId=1322942325827182775, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Sinopec Jiangsu Oilfield Company, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942325843959993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, companyId=1322942325827182775, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国石化江苏油田分公司石油工程技术研究院,江苏 扬州 225009)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322942329761439965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Fracturing sample, figureFileSmall=mZAyY9jWPnqMu7eMY8p5Fg==, figureFileBig=Qbypm0MTC4LPjvjEwe4MVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942329849520350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=CN, label=图1, caption=压裂样品, figureFileSmall=mZAyY9jWPnqMu7eMY8p5Fg==, figureFileBig=Qbypm0MTC4LPjvjEwe4MVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942330088595679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Fracture propagation of physical model sample, figureFileSmall=HL5YY9SwCyZ4FCawWk6t2w==, figureFileBig=HRHKqUZVqL64vv8IYxxRaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942330189258976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=CN, label=图2, caption=物模样品裂缝扩展, figureFileSmall=HL5YY9SwCyZ4FCawWk6t2w==, figureFileBig=HRHKqUZVqL64vv8IYxxRaw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942330264756449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Fracture propagation identified by CT scan, figureFileSmall=iDCPoxUWBSUA4KkBn19CDA==, figureFileBig=zbLKGBG+Y45BxJRqJhmpbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942330344448226, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=CN, label=图3, caption=CT扫描识别的裂缝扩展, figureFileSmall=iDCPoxUWBSUA4KkBn19CDA==, figureFileBig=zbLKGBG+Y45BxJRqJhmpbw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942330428334307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Comparison of conductivity of 40-70 mesh proppants 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figureFileBig=biHqqB8xO0VZvdmCQl13Fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942330776461543, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Proppant placement maps at different flow rates, figureFileSmall=qRwRcvAzZinpJsmBoFNM6g==, figureFileBig=uY2WYb8LH2eUbcOkpDZr4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942330847764712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同排量下支撑剂铺置, figureFileSmall=qRwRcvAzZinpJsmBoFNM6g==, figureFileBig=uY2WYb8LH2eUbcOkpDZr4Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942330935845097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Construction curves of 9th section of well HY7HF in second member of Funing Formation in Huazhuang block, Subei Basin, figureFileSmall=j5wo35amrkr4CauxBbcZMA==, figureFileBig=eQOpmlSFW3PJK3nu6aNVyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942331015536874, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=CN, label=图7, caption=苏北地区花庄区块阜二段HY7HF井第9段施工曲线, figureFileSmall=j5wo35amrkr4CauxBbcZMA==, figureFileBig=eQOpmlSFW3PJK3nu6aNVyw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942331120394475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Comparison of mechanical parameters between physical model and actual formation, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型小层抗压强度/MPa强度比值弹性模量/GPa弹性比值
物理模型高强度地层(P.O52.5的普通硅酸盐水泥和40~70目石英砂1∶1)50.5~58.62.4∶1.9∶1.018.7~20.12.3∶1.8∶1.0
中强度地层(P.O42.5的普通硅酸盐水泥和40~70目石英砂1∶1)36.2~46.613.7~16.0
低强度地层(P.O32.5的普通硅酸盐水泥和40~70目石英砂1∶1)21.6~23.95.9~10.5
实际地层高强度地层221.5~257.52.4∶1.7∶1.023.2~23.32.5∶1.7∶1.0
中强度地层154.1~170.314.4~15.4
低强度地层107.6~113.28.9~9.8
), ArticleFig(id=1322942331191697644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

物理模型与实际地层力学参数对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型小层抗压强度/MPa强度比值弹性模量/GPa弹性比值
物理模型高强度地层(P.O52.5的普通硅酸盐水泥和40~70目石英砂1∶1)50.5~58.62.4∶1.9∶1.018.7~20.12.3∶1.8∶1.0
中强度地层(P.O42.5的普通硅酸盐水泥和40~70目石英砂1∶1)36.2~46.613.7~16.0
低强度地层(P.O32.5的普通硅酸盐水泥和40~70目石英砂1∶1)21.6~23.95.9~10.5
实际地层高强度地层221.5~257.52.4∶1.7∶1.023.2~23.32.5∶1.7∶1.0
中强度地层154.1~170.314.4~15.4
低强度地层107.6~113.28.9~9.8
), ArticleFig(id=1322942331317526765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Fracturing physical model test scheme considering complex geological conditions, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案序号三向地应力/MPa排量/(mL/min)黏度/(mPa·s)互层组合
垂向水平最大水平最小
14336243095层(中-高-中-高-中)
24336243095层(中-低-中-低-中)
34336243095层(中-高-中-低-中)
44336243095层(低-高-中-高-低)
54336243095层(高-低-中-低-高)
), ArticleFig(id=1322942331405607150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

考虑复杂地质条件的压裂物模实验方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案序号三向地应力/MPa排量/(mL/min)黏度/(mPa·s)互层组合
垂向水平最大水平最小
14336243095层(中-高-中-高-中)
24336243095层(中-低-中-低-中)
34336243095层(中-高-中-低-中)
44336243095层(低-高-中-高-低)
54336243095层(高-低-中-低-高)
), ArticleFig(id=1322942331472716015, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Simulation schemes of sand laying procedure, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案序号黏度/(mPa·s)排量/(m3/min)支撑剂类型、占比和铺砂顺序综合砂液比/%
161840~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)、40~70目陶粒(5%)3.5
2>6~121840~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)、40~70目陶粒(5%)3.5
3>6~121640~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)、40~70目陶粒(5%)3.5
4>6~121440~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)、40~70目陶粒(5%)3.5
5>6~121040~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)、40~70目陶粒(5%)3.5
6>6~1218无架桥,尾追40~70目石英砂(15%)3.5
7>6~1218无架桥,尾追40~70目陶粒(15%)3.5
8>6~1218无架桥,尾追40~70目石英砂(7.5%)∶40~70目陶粒(7.5%)=1∶13.5
9>6~1218无架桥,尾追40~70目石英砂(10%)∶40~70目陶粒(5%)=2∶13.5
10>6~1218无架桥,尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)∶40~70目陶粒(10%)=1∶23.5
11>6~121840~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目陶粒(10%)3.5
12>6~121840~70目陶粒架桥(5%),尾追40~70目陶粒(10%)3.5
13>6~121840~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)、40~70目陶粒(5%)4.0
14>6~121840~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)、40~70目陶粒(5%)4.5
15>6~121840~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)、40~70目陶粒(5%)5.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322942331569185008, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

铺砂程序模拟方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案序号黏度/(mPa·s)排量/(m3/min)支撑剂类型、占比和铺砂顺序综合砂液比/%
161840~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)、40~70目陶粒(5%)3.5
2>6~121840~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)、40~70目陶粒(5%)3.5
3>6~121640~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)、40~70目陶粒(5%)3.5
4>6~121440~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)、40~70目陶粒(5%)3.5
5>6~121040~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)、40~70目陶粒(5%)3.5
6>6~1218无架桥,尾追40~70目石英砂(15%)3.5
7>6~1218无架桥,尾追40~70目陶粒(15%)3.5
8>6~1218无架桥,尾追40~70目石英砂(7.5%)∶40~70目陶粒(7.5%)=1∶13.5
9>6~1218无架桥,尾追40~70目石英砂(10%)∶40~70目陶粒(5%)=2∶13.5
10>6~1218无架桥,尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)∶40~70目陶粒(10%)=1∶23.5
11>6~121840~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目陶粒(10%)3.5
12>6~121840~70目陶粒架桥(5%),尾追40~70目陶粒(10%)3.5
13>6~121840~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)、40~70目陶粒(5%)4.0
14>6~121840~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)、40~70目陶粒(5%)4.5
15>6~121840~70目石英砂架桥(5%),尾追40~70目石英砂(5%)、40~70目陶粒(5%)5.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322942331644682481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Average proppant mass concentration and effective conductivity at different viscosities, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黏度/(mPa·s)支撑剂质量浓度/(kg/m2)有效导流能力/(μm2·cm)
61.140.7
>6~121.661.4
), ArticleFig(id=1322942331732762866, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同黏度下平均支撑剂质量浓度和有效导流能力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
黏度/(mPa·s)支撑剂质量浓度/(kg/m2)有效导流能力/(μm2·cm)
61.140.7
>6~121.661.4
), ArticleFig(id=1322942331829231859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Average proppant mass concentration and effective conductivity at different flow rates, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排量/(m3/min)支撑剂质量浓度/(kg/m2)有效导流能力/(μm2·cm)
101.471.3
141.521.4
161.591.4
181.661.4
), ArticleFig(id=1322942331913117940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同排量下平均支撑剂质量浓度和有效导流能力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
排量/(m3/min)支撑剂质量浓度/(kg/m2)有效导流能力/(μm2·cm)
101.471.3
141.521.4
161.591.4
181.661.4
), ArticleFig(id=1322942331997004021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=Average proppant mass concentration and effective conductivity under different types of tailing proppants, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
尾追支撑剂类型支撑剂质量浓度/(kg/m2)有效导流能力/(μm2·cm)
40~70目石英砂1.581.0
40~70目陶粒1.601.4
40~70目石英砂∶40~70目陶粒=1∶11.591.2
40~70目石英砂∶40~70目陶粒=2∶11.601.4
40~70目石英砂∶40~70目陶粒=1∶21.601.4
), ArticleFig(id=1322942332131221750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

尾追不同类型支撑剂下平均支撑剂质量浓度和有效导流能力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
尾追支撑剂类型支撑剂质量浓度/(kg/m2)有效导流能力/(μm2·cm)
40~70目石英砂1.581.0
40~70目陶粒1.601.4
40~70目石英砂∶40~70目陶粒=1∶11.591.2
40~70目石英砂∶40~70目陶粒=2∶11.601.4
40~70目石英砂∶40~70目陶粒=1∶21.601.4
), ArticleFig(id=1322942332215107831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=Average proppant mass concentration and effective conductivity under different sand laying sequences, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
铺砂顺序支撑剂质量浓度/(kg/m2)有效导流能力/(μm2·cm)
无架桥1.581.4
40~70目石英砂架桥1.661.4
), ArticleFig(id=1322942332374491384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同铺砂顺序下平均支撑剂质量浓度和有效导流能力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
铺砂顺序支撑剂质量浓度/(kg/m2)有效导流能力/(μm2·cm)
无架桥1.581.4
40~70目石英砂架桥1.661.4
), ArticleFig(id=1322942332441600249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=Average proppant mass concentration and effective conductivity under different bridging proppant types, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
架桥支撑剂类型支撑剂质量浓度/(kg/m2)有效导流能力/(μm2·cm)
40~70目石英砂1.721.4
40~70目陶粒1.701.4
), ArticleFig(id=1322942332512903418, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同架桥支撑剂类型下平均支撑剂质量浓度和有效导流能力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
架桥支撑剂类型支撑剂质量浓度/(kg/m2)有效导流能力/(μm2·cm)
40~70目石英砂1.721.4
40~70目陶粒1.701.4
), ArticleFig(id=1322942334186430715, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=Proppant mass concentration and effective conductivity under different comprehensive sand-to-liquid ratios, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
综合砂液比/%支撑剂质量浓度/(kg/m2)有效导流能力/(μm2·cm)
3.51.661.4
4.01.861.6
4.52.281.9
5.02.422.2
), ArticleFig(id=1322942334274511100, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942321913897126, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

不同综合砂液比下支撑剂质量浓度和有效导流能力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
综合砂液比/%支撑剂质量浓度/(kg/m2)有效导流能力/(μm2·cm)
3.51.661.4
4.01.861.6
4.52.281.9
5.02.422.2
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侯晓蕊 , 金智荣 , 黄越 , 杜浩然 , 何雷宇
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页岩油裂缝支撑剖面优化技术研究——以苏北地区花庄区块阜宁组二段为例
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侯晓蕊 , 金智荣, 黄越, 杜浩然, 何雷宇
作者信息
  • 中国石化江苏油田分公司石油工程技术研究院,江苏 扬州 225009
作者简介:

侯晓蕊(1995—),女,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事油田储层改造技术研究。地址:江苏省扬州市邗江区文汇西路1号,邮政编码:225009。E-mail:

Research on optimization technology of fracture proppant profiles for shale oil: A case study of second member of Funing Formation in Huazhuang block, Subei Basin
XIAORUI HOU , ZHIRONG JIN, YUE HUANG, HAORAN DU, LEIYU HE
Affiliations
  • Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Sinopec Jiangsu Oilfield Company, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
出版时间: 2026-05-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024363
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页岩油  /  裂缝  /  支撑剂  /  导流能力  /  铺砂程序
shale oil  /  fracture  /  proppant  /  conductivity  /  sand laying procedure
侯晓蕊, 金智荣, 黄越, 杜浩然, 何雷宇. 页岩油裂缝支撑剖面优化技术研究——以苏北地区花庄区块阜宁组二段为例. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (3) : 722 -729 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024363
XIAORUI HOU, ZHIRONG JIN, YUE HUANG, HAORAN DU, LEIYU HE. Research on optimization technology of fracture proppant profiles for shale oil: A case study of second member of Funing Formation in Huazhuang block, Subei Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (3) : 722 -729 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024363
随着油气田的逐年开发,常规油气资源日益减少,页岩油气等非常规油气成为了各大油田勘探开发的重点[1-4]。由于该类储层开采难度大,体积压裂成了常规增产手段[5]。压裂过程中,各级裂缝的有效支撑影响压裂效果,压裂后的裂缝导流能力直接影响油气产量[6-10]。
压裂缝中的支撑剂长期导流能力受到地层特征(闭合压力、岩石物性等)、支撑剂性质(类型、粒径、粒径组合等)、施工参数(铺砂质量浓度、铺置模式等)的共同影响。在相同地层条件下,支撑剂在砾岩中的嵌入最为严重,泥岩其次,粉砂岩最小。支撑剂的嵌入会使导流能力产生很大程度的下降,且导流能力随闭合压力的增大而减小[11-15]。在一定闭合压力下,为保证压裂效果及成本控制,可将40~70目石英砂支撑剂与同目数陶粒支撑剂按一定比例进行混合使用[16-21],且随着铺砂质量浓度的增大,导流能力逐渐增大[22-25]。
苏北地区花庄区块阜宁组二段(以下简称阜二段)页岩油储层主要以长英质-泥质混积页岩、长英质-灰云质混积页岩、含泥长英质灰云页岩、含泥灰云质长英页岩、灰云页岩这5种岩相为主。岩性非均质性强,纵向上应力差介于5~10 MPa,应力差异比较大。压裂施工过程中砂比提升受限,加砂难度大,表现为加40~70目石英砂时压力涨幅明显,上涨2~3 MPa,导致支撑剂运移难度大,影响改造效果。因此,需要明确裂缝形态及尺寸,从而提高裂缝与支撑剂粒径的匹配度,并以此为基础优化铺砂工艺,降低施工难度,从而提高导流能力和压裂改造效果[26-28]。
苏北地区花庄区块阜二段页岩油储层纵向非均质性强,层间岩性差异大,层理发育,导致水力裂缝类型、尺度多样。利用室内模型材料还原实际储层,表1中高、中、低3类强度模型材料的抗压强度和弹性模量的比例关系与实际地层相应力学参数的比例关系,具有较好的一致性,室内模型材料在一定程度上较好地还原了储层的岩石力学特征。
为避免高应力加载下岩石试样提前被破坏,同时保持应力差异绝对值不变,在实际地应力(垂向应力83 MPa,水平最大应力76 MPa,水平最小应力64 MPa)的基础上,统一降低40 MPa。室内试验的应力分别设置为43、36、24 MPa。受室内排量限制原因,按照实验装置最大排量设置、黏度根据已施工井现场使用黏度设置,开展复杂地质条件下水力裂缝扩展物理模拟试验,具体物模方案见表2,压裂样品尺寸为30 cm×30 cm×30 cm,如图1所示。
利用支撑剂导流仪开展支撑剂导流评价实验。花庄区块最小水平地应力约为64 MPa,设置最大闭合压力为64 MPa,实验闭合压力设定为9~64 MPa。根据支撑剂导流能力评价方法,支撑剂的铺置质量浓度设定为5~15 kg/m2。以40~70目石英砂与陶粒为例,评价支撑剂类型、铺砂质量浓度、组合方式等条件下的支撑剂导流能力变化规律,探索石英砂代替陶粒的可行性。
唐堂等[29]通过可视化平板裂缝的多尺度支撑剂输送物理模拟系统,研究发现缝内砂堤生长存在2种模式:在低泵注排量、低黏度压裂液、大粒径支撑剂时,呈现“裂缝前端先堆积至平衡高度,再稳定向后端铺置”的模式;在高泵注排量、中高黏度压裂液、小粒径支撑剂时,呈现“砂堤整体纵向增长,稳定向后端铺置”的模式,且砂堤达到平衡高度后,过流通道内的流动速度大幅度提高,有利于支撑剂远距离输送。采用“先沉降架桥+后长距离运移+尾近井高导流”的思路:①在泵注前期,以大排量中高黏度泵注100~200目、70~140目石英砂打磨孔眼与适当加砂充填微裂缝;②在泵注中期,加40~70目石英砂或陶粒,使得砂堤快速达到平衡高度,砂堤达到平衡高度后,过流通道内的流动速度大幅度提高,有利于后期泵注的支撑剂远距离输送;③提高黏度泵注70~140目石英砂实现裂缝内长距离铺置,前阶段泵注40~70目石英砂或陶粒起到了为70~140目石英砂“架桥铺路”的作用;④降低排量泵注(尾追)40~70目石英砂或陶粒,以获得高导流近井区域。
以花庄区块HY7井为例,使用Gohfer压裂软件模拟不同的影响因素(黏度、排量、铺砂顺序、综合砂液比)对裂缝形态、砂铺置形态和导流能力的影响,井深介于4 000~4 050 m,区间岩性为长英质-泥质混积页岩、长英质-灰云质混积页岩、含泥长英质灰云页岩、含泥灰云质长英页岩、灰云页岩5种岩相,参考花庄区块已施工井黏度、排量、液量、支撑剂比例情况,设置排量介于10~18 m3,压裂液黏度介于6~12 mPa·s,液量为4 000 m3,综合砂液比介于3.5%~5.0%,砂量介于140~200 m3。其中,100~200目石英砂占比15%,70~140目石英砂占比70%,40~70目石英砂和陶粒共占比15%(比例可调),具体模拟方案见表3。
通过物模实验,方案1—方案5的实验岩样裂缝均呈现“丰”字形,样品尺寸为30 cm×30 cm×30 cm,见图2。CT扫描识别到2种类型、3种缝宽的裂缝,均形成1条主裂缝和2种层理缝,结果如图3所示。采用高精度三维光学扫描系统对裂缝面进行分片扫描、拼接,重构水力裂缝形貌,结果表明:主裂缝平均宽度为0.55 mm,是一级层理缝宽度的3~5倍、二级层理缝宽度的4~8倍,主裂缝面积与层理缝面积比介于0.38~0.78。根据“主缝+两级层理”的认识,利用柳贡慧等[30]提出的相似准则,计算得出主裂缝、一级层理缝、二级层理的缝宽分别为4.375、1.285、0.625 mm。根据郭建春等[31]裂缝宽度与3倍支撑剂粒径架桥理论,100~200目和70~140目支撑剂能够进入主裂缝、一级层理缝、二级层理缝,40~70目支撑剂只能够进入主裂缝和一级层理缝。
对比了不同铺砂质量浓度下40~70目支撑剂导流能力规律,如图4所示。加载初期,不同铺砂质量浓度的支撑剂导流能力保持在相对较高的水平。当闭合压力增加,支撑剂破碎率增加,可能封堵了部分孔隙,以致导流能力下降。此外,铺砂质量浓度提高,导流能力升高,且低闭合压力下增幅明显。这是由于在低闭合压力下,总铺砂层数较少,支撑剂破碎层数与总砂量层数之比较大,与高铺砂质量浓度相比影响大。铺砂质量浓度为15 kg/m2的石英砂,以及铺砂质量浓度为10 kg/m2的石英砂与陶粒按1∶1混合,在64 MPa下的导流能力均与铺砂质量浓度为5 kg/m2的陶粒相差不大。因此,在现场施工时,可以通过提高砂比降低支撑剂嵌入影响,提高石英砂导流能力从而代替陶粒达到降低支撑剂成本的目的。
方案1和方案2模拟了不同压裂液黏度对支撑剂铺置形态和导流能力的影响,模拟结果如图5和表4所示。从图5可知,压裂液黏度为6 mPa·s时,支撑剂沉降比较严重,铺置不均匀,影响支撑剖面,而当压裂液黏度介于>6~12 mPa·s,即中黏—低黏—中黏交替泵注模式支撑剂铺置形态得到明显改善。从表4可知,压裂液黏度介于>6~12 mPa·s时,有效导流能力也较高,为1.4 μm2·cm,是低黏(6 mPa·s)压裂液加砂的2倍。
方案2—方案5模拟了排量对裂缝支撑剂铺置和导流能力的影响,模拟结果如图6和表5所示。从图6中可看出,在支撑剖面形态上,随着排量的提高,支撑剂沉降明显改善,铺置更均匀。由表5可知,当排量由10 m3/min增加至18 m3/min,支撑剂质量浓度提高,有效导流能力度略有提升。因此,压裂施工可通过提高排量改善支撑剂剖面形态,提高裂缝支撑效果。
方案6—方案10模拟了尾追不同支撑剂类型对导流能力的影响,模拟结果如表6所示。从表6看出,尾追40~70目石英砂这种铺砂模式支撑剂质量浓度较低,对应有效导流能力也较低,而尾追全陶粒与40~70目石英砂∶40~70目陶粒=2∶1导流能力无区别。因此,在加砂结束前尾追大粒径可用部分40~70目石英砂代替40~70目陶粒从而降低支撑剂成本。
方案1、方案9模拟了铺砂顺序对裂缝导流能力的影响,模拟结果如表7所示。从表7可知,有无40~70目石英砂架桥对导流能力没有明显影响,采用40~70目石英砂架桥裂缝支撑面积为1 935 m2,无架桥情况下裂缝支撑面积为1 793 m2,采用40~70目石英砂架桥有利于增加裂缝支撑面积。
方案11、方案12分别模拟了不同架桥支撑剂类型对裂缝导流能力的影响,模拟结果如表8所示。由模拟结果可知,用40~70目石英砂代替40~70目陶粒架桥对裂缝有效导流能力没有影响。因此,可采用40~70目石英砂代替40~70目陶粒架桥,降低支撑剂成本。
方案1、方案13—方案15分别对比了不同综合砂液比对平均支撑剂质量浓度和导流能力的影响,模拟结果如表9所示。从表9可看出,综合砂液比增加,即液量不变,砂量增加,支撑剂质量浓度和导流能力明显增加。因此,施工过程应在保证顺利加砂不出现砂堵的情况下尽可能提高综合砂液比,改善裂缝支撑剂有效充填从而提高裂缝导流能力。
压裂液黏度6~12 mPa·s,排量18 m3/min,采用10~70目石英砂架桥,加砂后期尾追支撑剂类型为40~70目石英砂∶40~70目陶粒=2∶1,综合砂液比为5%。
HY7HF井埋深介于4 100~4 300 m,埋深大,地应力较高,为77 MPa;纵向应力差异大,高应力隔层应力差介于5~10 MPa,纵向穿层难度大,支撑剂运移难度大。针对该井存在难点,采用“先沉降架桥+后长距离运移+尾近井高导流”的思路,前期排量为18 m3/min下采用黏度为12 mPa·s的滑溜水泵注100~200目、70~140目石英砂打磨孔眼与适当加砂充填微裂缝,在泵注中期采用黏度为6~9 mPa·s的滑溜水泵注40~70目石英砂架桥,后期提高黏度至12 mPa·s,泵注70~140目石英砂,以实现裂缝内长距离铺置;在泵注结束前,将排量降至16 m3/min,并尾追注入按2∶1混合的40~70目石英砂和陶粒,从而获得近井高导流区域,顺利完成了32段压裂施工,未出现压力过高砂堵现象。
HY7HF井第9段施工曲线如图7所示,施工过程压力整体平稳可控,采用中长段塞连续加砂,提升了加砂强度和导流能力,单井平均加砂强度为4.7 t/m,“甜点”段最高单段加砂强度6.6 t/m,超过苏北盆地已施工井,处于领先水平。HY7HF井压后日产油量峰值为52.3 t,目前压后放喷累积产油量1.3×104 t,产油效果良好。
1) 物模实验显示岩样中形成“丰”字型裂缝形态,识别到一条主缝和两级层理缝,根据“主缝+两级层理”认识明确了花庄区块阜二段页岩油储层各级水力裂缝缝宽分别为4.375、1.285、0.625 mm。
2) 室内导流实验表明:可通过提高铺砂质量浓度,改善裂缝支撑形态,提高石英砂导流能力从而代替陶粒实现降低支撑剂降本。
3) 采用“先沉降架桥+后长距离运移+尾近井高导流”的思路,通过铺砂程序优化发现大排量、变黏度、高砂液比这种施工模式以及采用40~70目石英砂架桥、尾追40~70目石英砂∶40~70目陶粒=2∶1铺砂模式有利于改善裂缝支撑剂铺置形态,提高裂缝导流能力。在HY7HF井进行现场应用,施工压力平稳,加砂强度4.7 t/m,压后日产油量峰值为52.3 t,目前累积产油量1.3×104 t。

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2026年第16卷第3期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024363
  • 接收时间:2024-12-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-05-26
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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