Article(id=1322942055223272221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025285, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755532800000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343565039, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1779724800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343565039, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343565039, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343565039, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941718441623734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='3', pageStart='489', pageEnd='736', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779724800000', pubDateStr='2026-05-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343484745, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344165564, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944574066402279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944574070596584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=642, endPage=649, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322942055680451358, articleId=1322942055223272221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=A new inversion method for water holdup of gas-water two-phase slug flow in inclined shale gas wells, columnId=1322941693024141328, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Development, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Slug flow is a common flow pattern of the distribution of gas-water two-phase media in inclined shale gas wells. Monitoring the dynamics of gas-water two-phase flow under slug flow conditions, accurately inverting the distribution of gas-water media in slug flow patterns, and precisely calculating the gas-water phase holdup in wells are key foundations for guiding the accurate quantitative evaluation of production performance in shale gas wells. Based on the physical simulation experiments of gas-water two-phase flow in a laboratory well with an inclination angle of 60°, air and tap water were used as simulation fluids, with the total flow rates of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 m3/d, and inlet water contents of 0, 10%, 20%, 80%, 90%, and 100%, respectively. Based on the capacitance array tool (CAT) for monitoring the gas-water fluid dynamics in the well, and combined with the dynamic characteristics of gas-water slug flow in inclined wells and the CAT response patterns, the identification method for the distribution of slug flow media was clarified. Consequently, a characterization model for gas-water slug flow in inclined wells was established. A new method was proposed for water holdup calculation. For the liquid slug segment, the radial midpoint projection partition area weight method was used for calculation. For the gas slug segment, it was calculated using the Gaussian radial interpolation-ellipse fitting method. Finally, based on the structure of a complete slug unit, the average water holdup of the slug unit was calculated through weighted averaging. The proposed method for calculating water holdup in slug flow was compared with existing methods, specifically regarding the characteristics of gas slug segment media distribution obtained by different inversion methods. The results showed that the relative errors of the weighted average method, the radial equal-area weight method, the radial projection midpoint area weight method, and the proposed method were all generally within 20%. Specifically, the relative error of the weighted average method ranged from -3.14% to 14.10%. For the radial equal-area weight method, it ranged from -1.77% to 16.68%. For the radial projection midpoint area weight method, it ranged from -8.57% to 10.41%, with an average relative error of 4.55%. For the proposed method, it ranged from -8.10% to 9.43%, with an average relative error of 3.99%. By combining the processing and application of monitoring data from the multiple array production suite (MAPS) in actual shale gas wells in the Sichuan Basin, it was proved that the water holdup calculation model established in this study could accurately characterize the dynamics of gas-water two-phase flow in inclined shale gas wells, effectively supporting the evaluation of their production performance.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=XIAOMIN ZHENG1, MENG CHEN2, HENG LIU1, LI LUO1, HAIXIANG CHEN1, LUN WANG1, authorsList=XIAOMIN ZHENG, MENG CHEN, HENG LIU, LI LUO, HAIXIANG CHEN, LUN WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=MENG CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322942058876511030, articleId=1322942055223272221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=页岩气藏斜井气水两相段塞流持水率反演新方法, columnId=1322941693259022355, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气开发, runingTitle=null, highlight=

段塞流是页岩气藏倾斜井段气水两相流介质分布较为普遍的一种流型。监测段塞流状态气水两相流动态,准确反演段塞流型气水介质分布,高精度计算井筒气水相持率,是指导页岩气井生产动态监测准确定量评价的关键基础。研究以实验室井斜角60°条件下的气水两相流物理模拟实验为基础。采用空气和自来水进行模拟,实验条件涵盖总流量分别为50、100、200、300、400、500 m3/d,入口含水率分别为0、10%、20%、80%、90%、100%。基于阵列电容持水率仪(Capacitance Array Tool,CAT)监测井筒气水流体动态,并结合斜井气水两相段塞流的动态特征与CAT的响应规律,明确了段塞流介质分布的识别方法,进而建立了斜井气水两相段塞流表征模型。针对持水率计算,研究提出了一种新方法:对于液塞段,采用径向中点投影切分面积权重法进行计算;对于气塞段,采用高斯径向插值-椭圆拟合法进行计算;最后,结合完整段塞单元的结构,通过加权平均计算段塞单元体的平均持水率。将研究建立的计算段塞流持水率方法与现有方法进行对比,对比了不同反演方法气塞段介质分布特征。结果表明:加权平均法、径向等高面积权重法、径向投影中点面积权重法和研究建立方法计算相对误差基本在20%以内,其中加权平均法相对误差分布在-3.14%~14.10%;径向等高面积权重法相对误差分布在-1.77%~16.68%;径向投影中点面积权重法相对误差分布在-8.57%~10.41%,平均相对误差为4.55%;研究建立方法相对误差分布在-8.10%~9.43%,平均相对误差为3.99%。结合四川盆地实际页岩气井阵列产出剖面测井仪(Multiple Array Production Suite,MAPS)监测资料处理应用,证明研究建立的段塞流条件持水率计算模型可以准确表征倾斜页岩气井气水两相流动态,有效支撑页岩气井生产动态评价。

, articleAbstract=null, authors=郑小敏1, 陈猛2, 刘恒1, 罗利1, 陈海祥1, 王伦1, authorsList=郑小敏, 陈猛, 刘恒, 罗利, 陈海祥, 王伦, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=陈猛, authorNote=

郑小敏(1980—),女,博士,教授级高级工程师,从事油气田开发、测井解释与资料运用、油藏区域评价等方面工作。地址:重庆市渝北区红石路152号,邮政编码:400021。E-mail:

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陈猛(1986—),男,博士(后),副教授,从事生产测井与油气藏生产动态评价相关方法、原理和应用研究。地址:四川省成都市新都区新都大道8号,邮政编码:610500。E-mail:
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郑小敏(1980—),女,博士,教授级高级工程师,从事油气田开发、测井解释与资料运用、油藏区域评价等方面工作。地址:重庆市渝北区红石路152号,邮政编码:400021。E-mail:

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郑小敏(1980—),女,博士,教授级高级工程师,从事油气田开发、测井解释与资料运用、油藏区域评价等方面工作。地址:重庆市渝北区红石路152号,邮政编码:400021。E-mail:

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Chemical Engineering Science, 1997, 52(24): 4461-4471., articleTitle=Gas-liquid flow in slightly inclined pipes, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322942059090420535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942059103003448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, companyId=1322942059090420535, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Southwest Company, CNPC Logging Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400021, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942059111392057, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, companyId=1322942059090420535, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国石油集团测井有限公司西南分公司,重庆 400021)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322942059178500922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942059191083835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, companyId=1322942059178500922, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942059312718652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, companyId=1322942059178500922, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川   成都 610500)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322942067340616549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Simulation experimental system for gas-water two-phase flow in inclined wells, figureFileSmall=BKhYkXEfzGws06jImvIp8Q==, figureFileBig=RHmRtcPLeDQfb3sXZeY9Cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942067701326694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=CN, label=图1, caption=倾斜井条件下气水两相流模拟实验系统, figureFileSmall=BKhYkXEfzGws06jImvIp8Q==, figureFileBig=RHmRtcPLeDQfb3sXZeY9Cw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942068548576103, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Gas-water media distribution characteristics under steady-state slug flow, figureFileSmall=b/9tZbY/Hn7Rh80v5IGhcw==, figureFileBig=3cTslwJSLkk9dHWDON2uCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942068682793832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=CN, label=图2, caption=稳定状态段塞流气水介质分布特征, figureFileSmall=b/9tZbY/Hn7Rh80v5IGhcw==, figureFileBig=3cTslwJSLkk9dHWDON2uCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942071060964201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=CAT response curves under steady-state gas-water slug flow, figureFileSmall=wjJ+medkwGQcBJJgIXdhDw==, figureFileBig=LXcnFJTr3/07GVELGLhpgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942071161627498, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=CN, label=图3, caption=稳定状态CAT监测段塞流响应曲线

注:CAT1—CAT12分别为CAT探头序号1—12。

, figureFileSmall=wjJ+medkwGQcBJJgIXdhDw==, figureFileBig=LXcnFJTr3/07GVELGLhpgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942071509754731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Distribution of water holdup at probe locations within slug unit under different total flow rates and water cut conditions, figureFileSmall=f6yc0aoaAlhKzXj85fndiA==, figureFileBig=c9rwMSi0nAzYIPLlQn7zLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942071891436396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同流量、不同含水条件下段塞单元探头位置持水率分布, figureFileSmall=f6yc0aoaAlhKzXj85fndiA==, figureFileBig=c9rwMSi0nAzYIPLlQn7zLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942071987905389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Schematic diagram of gas-water two-phase slug flow unit in inclined well, figureFileSmall=wUEQwJoicK7OePflUdaZkQ==, figureFileBig=n8TMjXRyvOiwN6Lt/9m8Rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942072323449710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=CN, label=图5, caption=倾斜井气水两相段塞流单元结构示意图

注:LSU为一个段塞流单元长度,单位m;LTB为一个段塞流单元内气塞部分长度(亦称之为泰勒气泡长度),单位m。

, figureFileSmall=wUEQwJoicK7OePflUdaZkQ==, figureFileBig=n8TMjXRyvOiwN6Lt/9m8Rg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942072394752879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Schematic diagram of equivalent water-phase distribution and array probe monitoring, figureFileSmall=bq8PmmbK6ZfsIZLrVtGwMg==, figureFileBig=rLpEfPRmT+wf/uKG2NCZIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942072474444656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=CN, label=图6, caption=水相介质等效分布及阵列探头监测示意图

注:SA为段塞流型气液接触凹液面长度,单位m;SL为气塞段液相流体覆盖圆周上的长度,单位m;S0为层状流井筒截面气水接触液面长度,单位m;SL0为光滑层状流被水相覆盖圆周长,单位m。

, figureFileSmall=bq8PmmbK6ZfsIZLrVtGwMg==, figureFileBig=rLpEfPRmT+wf/uKG2NCZIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942072554136433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Comparison of relative errors among different water holdup calculation methods, figureFileSmall=CQLkrYSzk1u8ZYxiUMBWFg==, figureFileBig=SnDqcDPJb3QB/Jbjtm6O7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942072738685810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=CN, label=图7, caption=持水率计算方法相对误差对比, figureFileSmall=CQLkrYSzk1u8ZYxiUMBWFg==, figureFileBig=SnDqcDPJb3QB/Jbjtm6O7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942072814183283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Processing results of media distribution and average well water holdup from array water holdup data for gas-water two-phase slug flow, figureFileSmall=0OlxtKf06KS7q9AX9zqw+A==, figureFileBig=k3c7kcX6WqLngUC3Ug6Gew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942072885486452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=CN, label=图8, caption=气水两相段塞流阵列持水率资料处理介质分布及井筒平均持水率成果

注:SAT1—SAT6分别为阵列涡轮流量计1—6号转子转速,单位r/min。

, figureFileSmall=0OlxtKf06KS7q9AX9zqw+A==, figureFileBig=k3c7kcX6WqLngUC3Ug6Gew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942072973566837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Comparison of inversion results from different methods for gas-water media distribution of gas slug segment, figureFileSmall=DwsbZPJJMewZeiJPHl8aPg==, figureFileBig=Mq1d7dzUFB9Wuzg9Q+RYTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942073044870006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=CN, label=图9, caption=气塞段气水介质分布不同方法反演效果对比, figureFileSmall=DwsbZPJJMewZeiJPHl8aPg==, figureFileBig=Mq1d7dzUFB9Wuzg9Q+RYTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942073124561784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Processing results from MAPS monitoring data of well Y1 in Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=w2uoZ71Vw6lew5RdNgUffw==, figureFileBig=VNe9nuXGxhqxwpc/8w83bA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942073179087737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942055223272221, language=CN, label=图10, caption=四川盆地Y1井MAPS监测资料处理成果

注:TSPD_D1—TSPD_D3分别为仪器下测1—3趟运动速度;TSPD_U1—TSPD_U3分别为仪器上测1—3趟运动速度;SAT1_D1—SAT6_D1分别为阵列涡轮转子第一趟下测1—6号转子转速;SAT1_D2—SAT6_D2分别为阵列涡轮转子第二趟下测1—6号转子转速;SAT1_D3—SAT6_D3分别为阵列涡轮转子第三趟下测1—6号转子转速;SAT1_U1—SAT6_U1为阵列涡轮转子第一趟上测1—6号转子转速;SAT1_U2—SAT6_U2为阵列涡轮转子第二趟上测1—6号转子转速;SAT1_U3—SAT6_U3为阵列涡轮转子第三趟上测1—6号转子转速。

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页岩气藏斜井气水两相段塞流持水率反演新方法
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郑小敏 1 , 陈猛 2 , 刘恒 1 , 罗利 1 , 陈海祥 1 , 王伦 1
油气藏评价与开发 | 油气开发 2026,16(3): 642-649
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油气藏评价与开发 |油气开发 2026 , 16 (3) : 642 -649
页岩气藏斜井气水两相段塞流持水率反演新方法
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郑小敏1 , 陈猛2, 刘恒1, 罗利1, 陈海祥1, 王伦1
作者信息
  • 1 中国石油集团测井有限公司西南分公司,重庆 400021
  • 2 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川   成都 610500
通讯作者:
陈猛(1986—),男,博士(后),副教授,从事生产测井与油气藏生产动态评价相关方法、原理和应用研究。地址:四川省成都市新都区新都大道8号,邮政编码:610500。E-mail:
作者简介:

郑小敏(1980—),女,博士,教授级高级工程师,从事油气田开发、测井解释与资料运用、油藏区域评价等方面工作。地址:重庆市渝北区红石路152号,邮政编码:400021。E-mail:

A new inversion method for water holdup of gas-water two-phase slug flow in inclined shale gas wells
XIAOMIN ZHENG1 , MENG CHEN2, HENG LIU1, LI LUO1, HAIXIANG CHEN1, LUN WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 Southwest Company, CNPC Logging Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400021, China
  • 2 School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
出版时间: 2026-05-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025285
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页岩气井  /  气水两相  /  段塞流  /  介质分布反演  /  持水率
shale gas well  /  gas-water two-phase  /  slug flow  /  media distribution inversion  /  water holdup
郑小敏, 陈猛, 刘恒, 罗利, 陈海祥, 王伦. 页岩气藏斜井气水两相段塞流持水率反演新方法. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (3) : 642 -649 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025285
XIAOMIN ZHENG, MENG CHEN, HENG LIU, LI LUO, HAIXIANG CHEN, LUN WANG. A new inversion method for water holdup of gas-water two-phase slug flow in inclined shale gas wells[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (3) : 642 -649 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025285
随着全球清洁能源需求量急剧增加和常规资源的日益枯竭,以致密气、页岩气为代表的非常规天然气藏逐渐成为全球勘探开发的重要领域[1-2]。不同于常规气藏,非常规气藏覆压基质渗透率普遍小于或等于0.1×10-3 μm2,储层物性极差,水平井和多段压裂是目前开发此类非常规气藏的关键技术手段[3-5]。实际水平井钻井过程中,理想的水平段并不存在,大部分井眼轨迹纵向起伏,呈现上倾、下倾和水平组合形式,复杂的井身结构、流体性质、多相流体流量等因素耦合作用使得井筒内气水介质分布较垂直井相比更为复杂[6-8],以倾斜段多相流体表现尤为突出[9-10]。
国内外水平井生产动态监测以连续油管输送阵列仪器测井为主,国内引进代表性仪器为SONDEX公司的阵列产出剖面测井仪(Multiple Array Production Suite,MAPS)[11-13]、Schlumberger公司的流体扫描成像测井仪(FloScan Imager,FSI)[14-15]和Open Field公司的阵列光电扫描产出剖面测井仪(Flow Array Sensing Tool,FAST)[16-17],其流量监测核心器件均为阵列涡轮转子,持率监测核心器件为阵列电容、电阻(或电导)和光纤探头,不同的是MAPS和FAST采用环状布局,而FSI为垂直居中结构。针对水平井监测资料的处理解释,核心是基于监测的阵列资料通过建立准确的定量解释模型获取多相流体速度和持率,进一步支撑水平井各产层油气水产量定量评价。针对水平井阵列持率和流速数据处理,基于探头位置的流体速度和持率计算水平井筒平均流体速度与持率的方法主要有简单加权平均法[18]、径向面积微元积分法[19]、径向等高面积权重法[20]、径向投影中点面积权重法[21]和成像法[18,22]。系列方法针对水平井层状流效果较好,针对斜井条件段塞流流型,受气水两相介质间复杂作用影响,气水相界面分布复杂,因此需要在现有方法基础上对井筒平均持水率计算方法进一步优化。
气水两相流介质分布主要通过实验室物理模拟实验进行表征[23-26],针对井下多相流体,则需要借助阵列持率测井资料进行反演。基于阵列持率监测信息的多相流介质分布反演,主要采用基于阵列探头位置持水率数据的插值算法,现阶段主要采用的有多元线性插值反演法、简单线性插值反演法、距离反比插值反演法、克里金插值反演法和高斯径向基函数插值反演法[21,27]及结合智能算法改进的插值方法[28]等。分析表明:高含水和中含水时多元线性插值反演法在水平井中的成像效果优于其余4种;低含水时高斯径向基函数插值反演法在水平井中的成像效果最优;距离反比插值反演法只考虑探头空间距离的影响,介质分布反演效果较差;克里金插值反演法和高斯径向基函数插值反演法成像结果较为相似,低含水时成像效果比高斯径向基函数插值反演法差[21]。
论文针对页岩气藏斜井条件下气水两相流物理模拟实验段塞流流型,在气水段塞流介质分布特征解析基础上,研究建立段塞流介质分布多元线性-高斯径向组合插值反演方法和径向投影切分-气水界面椭圆函数拟合的倾斜井筒平均持水率计算方法,实现了斜井条件下气水两相流介质分布的准确反演和井筒持水率高精度计算,为页岩气藏水平井基于阵列产出剖面测井仪监测的生产动态定量评价提供强有力技术支撑。
物理模拟实验以SONDEX公司MAPS中的阵列电容持水率仪(Capacitance Array Tool,CAT)为对象开展,CAT采用12个阵列电容探头组成的环状分布方式,仪器长度为1.31 m,外径为43 mm。模拟实验流管为透明有机玻璃圆管,设置模拟井斜角为60°,内径为120 mm,测试段长度为8 m,整个实验在室内标准状况下完成,模拟流体为空气和自来水,倾斜井条件下气水两相流模拟实验系统见图1。设置井筒总流量分别为50、100、200、300、400、500 m3/d,含水率分别为0、10%、20%、80%、90%、100%,监测记录模拟实验稳定状态下CAT探头响应及入口流量和含水率,每一次模拟完成后关井测量记录静液面高度。
模拟实验过程中,稳定状态段塞流气水介质分布特征(总流量360 m3/d,50%含水)见图2,其中紫线标注的是气相段塞。CAT监测段塞流响应曲线见图3,从图2—图3中可以看出,倾斜井条件下,气相段塞循环交替,对应测井曲线响应为周期性气塞特征。观察发现,当有2个或2个以上探头响应值C:
C>Cw+0.5(Cg-Cw)
式中:Cw为CAT在纯水中的响应值计数,单位s-1;Cg为CAT在纯气中的响应值计数,单位s-1。此时气水两相呈现为段塞流。
通过对记录得到的持水率曲线进行处理,得到阵列电容持水率不同条件下的响应特征值;采用纯气和纯水环境下各探头的响应进行线性刻度,得到对应探头位置的持水率见图4。
基于模拟实验观察气水两相介质分布特征,建立段塞流条件下气水两相介质分布等效示意图见图5。
对于一个段塞流单元,其主要由气塞段和液塞段组成,对应液相平均持率可表示为[29]:
Yw,SU=Yw,LSLSU-LTB+Yw,TBLTBLSU
式中:Yw,SU为一个段塞流单元平均持水率;Yw,LS为一个段塞流单元内液塞部分平均持水率;LSU为一个段塞流单元长度,单位m;LTB为一个段塞流单元内气塞部分长度(亦称之为泰勒气泡长度),单位m;Yw,TB为一个段塞流单元内气塞部分平均持水率。
以井筒横截面建立坐标系确定探头位置,定义井筒中心为坐标原点,结合仪器张开度、井筒横截面半径、方位角及CAT空间结构,则第i个(i=0,1,2,···,11)探头位置坐标(xi,yi)可表示为:
xi=εRsinπ6i+θyi=εRcosπ6i+θ
式中:xi、yi分别为第i个探头井筒截面空间位置的横、纵坐标;ε为CAT张开度;R为井筒横截面半径,单位m;i为CAT探头序号(i=0,1,2,···,11);θ为CAT监测方位角,单位rad。
要获取段塞流型条件下一个段塞单元持水率,则需要分别得到气塞段和液塞段持水率,对于液塞段,水相流体占据主导位置,液塞中间夹杂少量气泡,此时采用径向投影中点面积权重法[21]计算对应探头位置的持水率权重和井筒平均持水率。对于气塞段,气相与液相接触面通常为不规则弧形结构,假定井筒圆周部分水相所占的份额(润湿周长份数)为λ,基于CAT各探头持水率特征值在环形区域采用高斯径向基插值,则可得到阵列探头环状空间上的气水界面。对应插值算法表示为:
ωi=exp-x0-xim2-y0-yin2
式中:ωi为第i个探头的权重;x0,y0分别为待插值点的横、纵坐标;m、n分别为水平和垂直方向的递减控制系数。m、n的值与井筒半径和阵列探头空间分布相关,m越大水平方向衰减越慢,n越大垂直方向衰减越慢,衰减慢表示在该方向上影响大,通过m、n的取值可以控制ωi的变化。段塞流条件下气塞部分气水介质等效分布即阵列探头监测示意图见图6,m值最优为直径1/2,n值最优为直径1/6。
气塞段对应润湿周长份数表示为:
λ=SL2πR
式中:λ为气塞段对应润湿周长份数。
对于光滑层状流,润湿周长份数λ0表示为:
λ0=SL02πR
式中:λ0为光滑层状流型润湿周长份数。
此时,与持水率的关系直接表示为:
Yw=λ0-sin2πλ02π
式中:Yw为当前流型条件下的持水率。
对于段塞流气水接触凹液面,弧线长度与井筒持水率和润湿周长份数相关,表示为[30]:
SA=2πRλ-λ01-λ01-Yw0.5+1-λ1-λ0sinπλ0π
基于公式(7)凹液面弧长可以进一步拟合得到对应的椭圆方程为:
x2a2+y-m2b2=1
式中:x、y分别为椭圆方程的变量和函数;a为基于凹液面拟合椭圆长半轴长度,单位m;b为基于凹液面拟合椭圆短半轴长度,单位m。
SA又可表示为:
SA=2∫0RsinSL/2Rb1-x2a2+mdx
凹液面在圆周上的交点坐标可表示为(Rsin(SL/2R),Rcos(SL/2R)),综合圆周和凹液面椭圆交点几何结构关系综合求解得到对应的凹液面椭圆函数。基于气水介质分布,椭圆弧线部分上部为气相,下部为液相,则可得到对应气塞段液相持率。
基于实验室模拟实验监测数据,将上述建立方法计算段塞流持水率与现有方法进行对比(图7),结果表明:加权平均法、径向等高面积权重法、径向投影中点面积权重法和研究建立方法计算相对误差基本在20%以内,其中加权平均法相对误差分布在-3.14%~14.10%;径向等高面积权重法相对误差分布在-1.77%~16.68%;径向投影中点面积权重法相对误差分布在-8.57%~10.41%,平均相对误差为4.55%;研究建立方法相对误差分布在-8.10%~9.43%,平均相对误差为3.99%,验证研究建立方法在段塞流平均持水率计算中效果为几种方法中的最佳选择。
采用研究建立的方法对连续实测物理模拟实验数据进行处理,得到气水两相段塞流阵列持水率资料处理介质分布及井筒平均持水率成果图(成像图中红色为气、蓝色为水)如图8所示。图8中模拟实验入口气液总流量为300 m3/d,含水率为50%,采用研究建立的气塞段持率插值分析方法可以直观反演得到井筒剖面气水介质段塞流分布,得到井筒截面气塞段气水介质分布与现有方法反演效果对比(图9),结合实验观测可明显发现,采用研究方法可更准确反映段塞流气塞段介质分布。计算得到持水率曲线分析对比显示,通过稳定时间段测量点累计加权平均处理得到的井筒平均持水率与关井液面高度分析得到的持水率对比相对误差为7.26%,能够满足矿场斜井生产动态评价需求。
图10所示Y1井为四川盆地的1口水平气井,该井完钻井深为4 190.00 m,日产气量为29.6×104 m3,日产水量为18.73 m3,该井于2024年采用MAPS对2 550.0~4 025.3 m段进行监测,采用研究方法对该井全流量段进行反演得到井筒介质分布,该井段主要表现为气水两相段塞流,计算得到全流量层的平均持水率为0.52。
1)大管径斜井中,气水两相流通常表现为段塞流形式为主,CAT监测曲线展示出周期性气塞特征,计算井筒持水率需要分气塞段和液塞段进行考虑建立模型。
2)采用研究建立的液塞段持水率径向中点投影切分面积权重法,气塞段高斯径向插值-椭圆拟合法计算持水率,综合采用加权平均得到的井筒平均持水率与关井持水率对比相对误差分布在-8.10%~9.43%,平均相对误差为3.99%,验证了研究方法在段塞流阵列持水率资料处理中拥有良好的适用性。

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2026年第16卷第3期
19
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025285
  • 接收时间:2025-08-19
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-05-26
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-19
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    1 中国石油集团测井有限公司西南分公司,重庆 400021
    2 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川   成都 610500

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陈猛(1986—),男,博士(后),副教授,从事生产测井与油气藏生产动态评价相关方法、原理和应用研究。地址:四川省成都市新都区新都大道8号,邮政编码:610500。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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