Article(id=1322941899736220108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025176, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755187200000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343527969, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784995200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343527969, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343527969, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343527969, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941842395889747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='4', pageStart='737', pageEnd='948', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784995200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343514297, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344192960, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944689019695905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944689019695906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=737, endPage=748, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322941900105318861, articleId=1322941899736220108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Classification and evaluation of buried hill reservoirs of Archean metamorphic rocks in Bozhong Sag of Bohai Bay Basin, columnId=1322941556788953582, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Specialist Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Metamorphic buried hill reservoirs are highly heterogeneous and difficult to characterize quantitatively. This study investigated metamorphic buried hill reservoirs in the Bozhong 19-6 and Bozhong 13-2 tectonic areas of the Bohai Bay Basin and established a targeted reservoir classification and evaluation scheme that effectively guided production practice. Five rock types were identified in the study area, namely migmatitic granite, migmatitic gneiss, gneiss, leptynite, and cataclasite. The reservoirs were overall characterized by medium-to-low porosity and low permeability. Reservoir space was dominated by secondary pores (intergranular dissolution pores and intragranular dissolution pores) and fractures (structural fractures, dissolution fractures, intergranular microfractures, and intragranular microfractures). The pore structure was complex and highly heterogeneous. Based on Gaussian curve fitting and multi-parameter integrated analysis, a new classification system with porosity, permeability, and fracture density as the core indicators was proposed. The reservoirs were divided into three major classes, namely Class I (high productivity), Class Ⅱ (relatively high productivity), and Class Ⅲ (low productivity). Each class was further subdivided into fracture-pore and fracture types, and the physical property boundaries were clarified. Class I reservoirs were mainly developed in the weathered conglomerate zone, the inner fractured section of the weathering leaching zone in the superimposed fractured section, and the thick (>40 m) fracture-dense zone of the weathering disintegration zone in the superimposed fractured section. Reservoir space was mainly composed of intergranular dissolution pores, intragranular dissolution pores, large-scale structural fractures, and enlarged dissolution fractures, with deep lateral resistivity generally >500 Ω·m and <700 Ω·m and interval transit time generally >53 μs/m and ≤65 μs/m. Class Ⅱ reservoirs were mainly developed in the inner fractured section of the weathering leaching zone and the medium-thick fracture-dense zone (20~40 m) of the weathering disintegration zone. Reservoir space was mainly composed of intragranular dissolution pores, small-scale structural fractures, and dissolution fractures, with deep lateral resistivity generally <1 000 Ω·m and locally reaching 2 500 Ω·m, and interval transit time generally <60 μs/m. Class Ⅲ reservoirs were mainly developed in the inner fractured section with very weak dissolution and the fracture-dense zone with a thickness of less than 20 m. Reservoir space was mainly composed of dissolution micropores, intragranular microfractures, and intergranular microfractures, with deep lateral resistivity ranging from 1 500 to 15 000 Ω·m and interval transit time generally <57 μs/m.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=XUANLONG SHAN1, 2, SHUYUE REN3, JIAN YI1, 2, JUNYONG ZHU4, authorsList=XUANLONG SHAN, SHUYUE REN, JIAN YI, JUNYONG ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322941903972467170, articleId=1322941899736220108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷太古界变质岩潜山储层分类评价, columnId=1322941557069971952, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=专家论坛, runingTitle=null, highlight=

变质岩潜山储层非均质性强、定量表征难度大,本研究以渤海湾盆地渤中19-6、渤中13-2构造区变质岩潜山储层为对象,建立了针对性的储层分类评价方案,有效指导生产实践。研究区共发育混合花岗岩、混合片麻岩、片麻岩、变粒岩及碎裂岩5种岩石类型,整体表现为中低孔、低渗特征。储层储集空间以次生孔隙(粒间溶蚀孔、粒内溶蚀孔)和裂缝(构造缝、溶蚀缝、晶间微裂缝、晶内微裂缝)为主,孔隙结构复杂且非均质性强。基于高斯曲线拟合及多参数协同分析,提出以孔隙度、渗透率、裂缝密度为核心指标的新分类体系。将储层划分为Ⅰ(高产)、Ⅱ(相对高产)、Ⅲ(低产)3大类,每类进一步细分为裂缝-孔隙型和裂缝型2个亚类,并明确其物性界限。Ⅰ类储层岩性主要发育在风化砂砾岩带、叠加碎裂段的风化淋蚀带的内幕碎裂段、叠加碎裂段的风化崩解带的厚层(大于40 m)裂缝密集带,储集空间以粒间溶蚀、粒内溶蚀孔、大尺度构造裂缝、溶蚀扩大缝为主,深侧向电阻率普遍大于500 Ω·m、小于700 Ω·m,声波时差普遍大于53 μs/m、小于等于65 μs/m;Ⅱ类储层主要发育在风化淋蚀带的内幕碎裂段和风化崩解带的中厚(20~40 m)裂缝密集带,储集空间以粒内溶蚀孔、小尺度构造裂缝及溶蚀缝为主,深侧向电阻率普遍低于1 000 Ω·m,最高可达2 500 Ω·m,声波时差普遍小于60 μs/m;Ⅲ类型储层主要发育在溶蚀作用极为微弱的内幕碎裂段和厚度小于20 m的裂缝密集带,储集空间以溶蚀微孔、晶内微裂缝及晶间微裂缝为主,深侧向电阻率介于1 500~15 000 Ω·m,声波时差普遍小于57 μs/m。

, articleAbstract=null, authors=单玄龙1, 2, 任淑悦3, 衣健1, 2, 朱峻永4, authorsList=单玄龙, 任淑悦, 衣健, 朱峻永, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

单玄龙(1969—),男,博士,教授,主要从事深层油气地质和非常规油气地质的科研与教学工作。地址:吉林省长春市建设街2199号,邮政编码:130061。E-mail: shanxl@jlu.edu.cn

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单玄龙(1969—),男,博士,教授,主要从事深层油气地质和非常规油气地质的科研与教学工作。地址:吉林省长春市建设街2199号,邮政编码:130061。E-mail: shanxl@jlu.edu.cn

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单玄龙(1969—),男,博士,教授,主要从事深层油气地质和非常规油气地质的科研与教学工作。地址:吉林省长春市建设街2199号,邮政编码:130061。E-mail: shanxl@jlu.edu.cn

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Changchun: Jilin University, 2023., articleTitle=Characterization and development model of Archean metamorphic buried hill reservoirs in the Bohai Sea area, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322941904198959587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941904211542500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, companyId=1322941904198959587, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 National Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Exploration and Imaging, Changchun, Jilin 130026, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941904219931109, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, companyId=1322941904198959587, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 深部探测与成像全国重点实验室,吉林   长春 130026)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322941904295428582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941904303817191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, companyId=1322941904295428582, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941904316400104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, companyId=1322941904295428582, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 吉林大学地球科学学院,吉林   长春 130061)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322941904387703273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941904396091882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, companyId=1322941904387703273, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941904408674795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, companyId=1322941904387703273, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 榆林大学化学与化工学院,陕西   榆林 719000)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322941904488366572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941904496755181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, companyId=1322941904488366572, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 Chengdu Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941904500949486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, companyId=1322941904488366572, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司成都勘探开发研究院,四川   成都 610051)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322941906220614161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Lithological characteristics of Archean metamorphic rocks in Bozhong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, figureFileSmall=JXbmbSfrwDnpAgIaVadhcg==, figureFileBig=8phX7tTeJ1H+dsQt82Ik2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941906287723026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, language=CN, label=图1, caption=渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷太古界变质岩岩性特征

注:a为混合花岗岩,BZ19-6-7井,5 100.00 m;b为黑云斜长混合花岗岩,BZ19-6-2井,3877.55 m;c为黑云碱长混合花岗岩,BZ19-6-7井,5 100.00 m;d为混合片麻岩,BZ13-2-5井,4 717.00 m;e为黑云角闪混合片麻岩,BZ19-6-10井,4 614.00 m;f为片麻岩,JZ20-2-5井,2 616.40 m;g为角闪黑云斜长片麻岩,JZ20-2-5井,2 618.23 m;h为黑云二长片麻岩,JZ20-2-5井,2 616.40 m;i为变粒岩,QHD30-2-1井,4 615.50 m;j为黑云斜长变粒岩,QHD30-2-1井,4 627.50 m;k为碎裂岩,BZ19-6-7井,4 538.05 m;l为混合花岗质碎裂岩,BZ19-6-8井,4 572.00 m。

, figureFileSmall=JXbmbSfrwDnpAgIaVadhcg==, figureFileBig=8phX7tTeJ1H+dsQt82Ik2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941908066107923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Reservoir space characteristics of Archean metamorphic rocks in Bozhong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, figureFileSmall=kb46iBVkojCVZFCSPTQBNw==, figureFileBig=RZ76N1nrmxfJ8sisLRpl7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941908133216788, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, language=CN, label=图2, caption=渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷太古界变质岩储集空间特征

注:a为粒间孔,JZ25-3-2井,2 242.44 m;b为粒间溶孔,BZ19-6-4井,4 424.00 m;c为长石粒内溶孔,BZ19-6-7井,4 815.00 m;d为粒内溶孔,BZ13-2-4井,4 356.50 m;e为缝内残余孔,BZ19-6-4井,4 563.00 m;f为剪切缝,BZ19-6-14井,4 497.00 m;g为具有共轭的剪切缝,BZ19-6-12井,5 272.00 m;h为张性缝,BZ19-6-2井,3 877.00 m;i为溶蚀缝,BZ19-6-12井,5 525.00 m;j为风化缝,BZ19-6-7井,4 538.00 m;k为晶间微裂缝,BZ13-2-5井,4 717.60 m;l为晶内微裂缝,BZ13-2-6井,5 128.50 m。

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941909324399141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, language=CN, label=图10, caption=渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷太古界变质岩潜山BZ19-6-4井单井综合柱状图, figureFileSmall=h7VRrnqMSWp5qB7rDE0+5g==, figureFileBig=1agkd4Xu4d3PgG7Rq1jujA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941909395702310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Classification of buried hill reservoirs of Archean metamorphic rocks in Bozhong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
储层大类亚类物性区间
Ⅰ类裂缝-孔隙型孔隙度大于8%
裂缝型渗透率大于1×10-3 μm2
Ⅱ类裂缝-孔隙型孔隙度介于5%~8%
裂缝型渗透率介于(0.1~1.0)×10-3 μm2
Ⅲ类裂缝-孔隙型孔隙度介于2%~<5%
裂缝型渗透率介于(0.01~<0.10)×10-3 μm2
), ArticleFig(id=1322941909462811175, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941899736220108, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷太古界变质岩潜山储层分类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
储层大类亚类物性区间
Ⅰ类裂缝-孔隙型孔隙度大于8%
裂缝型渗透率大于1×10-3 μm2
Ⅱ类裂缝-孔隙型孔隙度介于5%~8%
裂缝型渗透率介于(0.1~1.0)×10-3 μm2
Ⅲ类裂缝-孔隙型孔隙度介于2%~<5%
裂缝型渗透率介于(0.01~<0.10)×10-3 μm2
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渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷太古界变质岩潜山储层分类评价
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单玄龙 1, 2 , 任淑悦 3 , 衣健 1, 2 , 朱峻永 4
油气藏评价与开发 | 专家论坛 2026,16(4): 737-748
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油气藏评价与开发 |专家论坛 2026 , 16 (4) : 737 -748
渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷太古界变质岩潜山储层分类评价
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单玄龙1, 2, 任淑悦3, 衣健1, 2, 朱峻永4
作者信息
  • 1 深部探测与成像全国重点实验室,吉林   长春 130026
  • 2 吉林大学地球科学学院,吉林   长春 130061
  • 3 榆林大学化学与化工学院,陕西   榆林 719000
  • 4 中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司成都勘探开发研究院,四川   成都 610051
作者简介:

单玄龙(1969—),男,博士,教授,主要从事深层油气地质和非常规油气地质的科研与教学工作。地址:吉林省长春市建设街2199号,邮政编码:130061。E-mail: shanxl@jlu.edu.cn

Classification and evaluation of buried hill reservoirs of Archean metamorphic rocks in Bozhong Sag of Bohai Bay Basin
XUANLONG SHAN1, 2, SHUYUE REN3, JIAN YI1, 2, JUNYONG ZHU4
Affiliations
  • 1 National Key Laboratory of Deep Earth Exploration and Imaging, Changchun, Jilin 130026, China
  • 2 College of Earth Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130061, China
  • 3 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin University, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, China
  • 4 Chengdu Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, China
出版时间: 2026-07-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025176
文章导航
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渤中凹陷  /  太古界变质岩潜山  /  高斯曲线拟合  /  储层特征  /  储层分类评价
Bozhong Sag  /  Archean metamorphic buried hill  /  Gaussian curve fitting  /  reservoir characteristics  /  reservoir classification and evaluation
单玄龙, 任淑悦, 衣健, 朱峻永. 渤海湾盆地渤中凹陷太古界变质岩潜山储层分类评价. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (4) : 737 -748 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025176
XUANLONG SHAN, SHUYUE REN, JIAN YI, JUNYONG ZHU. Classification and evaluation of buried hill reservoirs of Archean metamorphic rocks in Bozhong Sag of Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (4) : 737 -748 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025176
变质岩潜山是全球潜山油气资源中的重要组成部分,勘探潜力巨大[1-4]。渤海湾盆地发育多期构造叠加的太古界变质岩储层,锦州25-1、渤中19-6等区块已获高产工业油气流[5-8]。但强非均质性导致储集空间类型复杂、裂缝-孔隙耦合关系不清、构造部位开发差异显著,制约产能建设与储量升级[9-11]。
当前分类方法中,传统物性参数及压汞曲线适用于碳酸盐岩、砂岩[12-15],岩相-裂缝-溶蚀综合法在花岗岩、火山岩有效[12-15]。王昕等[16]研究发现,变质岩具有孔隙-裂缝双重介质(含碎裂孔、溶蚀洞、构造缝)。变质岩储层通常划分为风化壳型(成岩-埋藏控制)与内幕型(断裂带控制),主控因素包括岩石类型、构造应力、古地貌及成岩流体[17-19]。然太古界储层具有裂缝主导+多期溶蚀+强非均质性特征,常规分类体系失效。该文据此建立多参数协同分类体系:基于钻井产能数据,采用高斯拟合孔渗频率密度分布,定量分析孔隙结构对产量贡献,揭示储层主控机制,为高效开发提供支撑。
通过研究区27口井的资料鉴定出混合花岗岩、混合片麻岩、片麻岩、变粒岩及碎裂岩共5种类型的变质岩。混合花岗岩具有典型的花岗结构和结晶结构,呈块状构造,矿物组成以斜长石、碱性长石、石英和黑云母为主,浅色体占主导地位(>90%),其中长英质浅色矿物和云母等暗色矿物分别聚集冷凝,形成浅色体与暗色体(图1a—图1c)。混合片麻岩具有花岗结构、变晶结构或弱片麻状构造,主要矿物为斜长石、碱性长石、石英和黑云母,浅色体以团块状、斑点状或条带状分布于基体中(图1d、图1e)。片麻岩具有片麻状构造,片柱状矿物定向排列,主要矿物为斜长石、黑云母、石英和角闪石,浅色体含量极低(<10%)(图1f—图1h)。变粒岩具有粒状变晶结构,块状或片麻状构造,主要矿物为石英和长石,次要矿物包括云母、角闪石等(图1i、图1j)。碎裂岩是原岩经受强烈构造应力作用形成的动力变质岩,具有典型的碎裂结构,主要由长石和石英等粒状矿物和黑云母组成,岩石碎屑基本保持原岩形态,细粒物质充填于裂隙系统中(图1k、图1l)。
依据岩心与薄片观察,将变质岩储集空间类型划分为孔隙和裂缝2大类。孔隙包括原生孔隙(粒间孔)、次生孔隙(粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔、残余孔);裂缝包括构造裂缝和非构造裂缝:其中构造裂缝包括张性缝、剪切缝,非构造裂缝包括成岩裂缝(晶内微裂缝、晶间微裂缝)、溶蚀缝及风化缝。
溶蚀孔隙是变质岩中普遍发育的孔隙类型,对储层的储集性能具有十分重要的作用。粒间孔是岩石颗粒之间的原始空间构成,形态为不规则多面体(图2a);粒间溶孔指颗粒间的胶结物和杂基部分溶蚀后形成的再生孔隙,形态不规则(图2b);粒内溶孔指单个矿物颗粒内部由于选择性溶解形成的孔隙,形态不规则,常呈蜂窝状或筛孔状,孤立或部分连通(图2c、图2d);残余孔指先期的孔隙不完全充填残留的孔隙,形态不规则,孤立分布(图2e)。
构造裂缝与断层关系密切,剪切缝产状稳定,延伸较远,缝面平直且常切穿颗粒(图2f、图2g);张性缝产状多样,形态弯曲,开度较大,通常不切穿颗粒(图2h)。非构造缝与次生改造有关,溶蚀缝为溶蚀作用下形成的裂缝,溶蚀作用能加强裂缝的有效性,其形态不规则,常呈蛇曲状、肠状、树枝状等,主要分布于流体活跃区域(图2i);风化缝为风化作用改造形成的裂缝,形态杂乱,无方向性,受控于风化强度和风化时间,主要分布在风化壳内部(图2j);晶间裂缝指矿物晶体之间形成的裂缝,尺度属于微米级,沿晶体边界呈多边形网络状(图2k);晶内裂缝指矿物晶体内部破裂或缺陷形成的裂缝,属于纳米—微米级,形态呈孤立或平行束状(图2l)。
通过对研究区20余口井的322个太古界变质岩样品进行分析测试,结果显示储层孔隙度介于0.20%~27.10%,平均值为4.24%,渗透率介于(0.002 3~21.600 0)×10-3 μm2,平均值为0.440 0×10-3 μm2,整体表现为中低孔、低渗的特征,根据中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准《油气储层评价方法》(SY/T 6285—2011),研究区变质岩储层整体主要属于Ⅲ类储层(1%≤φ(孔隙度)<5%,1×10-3 μm2≤K(渗透率)<10×10-3 μm2)、Ⅳ类储层(φ<1%,K<1×10-3 μm2),极少部分属于Ⅱ类储层(5%≤φ<10%,10×10-3 μm2≤K<50×10-3 μm2)。从物性的相关性上看,孔隙度的增大并没有使得渗透率明显增加,表明孔渗相关性较差,也体现了变质岩潜山储层非均质性强,结构复杂的特点(图3)。
太古界变质岩储层岩性主要为混合花岗岩和混合片麻岩,其储集空间主要为次生孔隙与裂缝,具有孔隙和裂缝双重介质的特点[20]。通过分析油气层测井解释结果与储层物性参数的关联性,可以有效地确定低孔渗复杂孔隙结构储层的物性下限标准,这一方法在业界已得到广泛应用[21-23]。根据测井解释结果,将研究区变质岩潜山的物性参数划分为含油气层和非含油气层2个类别(图4)。结果表明被判定为非含油气层的岩样具有明显的物性特征限制:孔隙度最高不超过2%,渗透率上限为0.01×10-3 μm²(图4e)。这一规律说明当储层物性参数同时低于这2个临界值时,该岩层即失去有效储集能力。通过上述分析,建立了变质岩潜山储层物性下限:孔隙度为2%,渗透率为0.01×10-3 μm2。
针对达到物性下限的储层,综合孔隙度和渗透率参数与产能测试结果的匹配关系来完成储层分类。在按产能段实施分层测试的钻井中,这种对应关系的建立相对简单明确。研究区变质岩潜山储层因其特殊的裂缝发育特征,在开发中采用了裸眼完井与全井段整体测试技术以扩大集气面积。然而,这种测试方式导致各产能段难以直接对应具体的储层物性参数,极大阻碍了变质岩潜山储层分级评价体系的建立。为突破此瓶颈,将研究区钻井分为高产(日产气量大于10×104 m3)、中产(日产气量介于(5~10)×104 m3)、低产(日产气量小于5×104 m3)3类(特别指出,国内外不同盆地不同储层产能高低不存在明确且一致的分类方案,本次研究产能分类是基于中国海油天津分公司太古宇变质岩储层实际生产情况而定),并剖析了不同产能钻井的孔渗分布规律(图4a、图4b)。结果显示,不同产能级别的井虽然孔渗分布范围均较广,但其峰值位置存在差异,且分布曲线存在部分重叠。在此情况下,如何有效整合3类产能井的孔渗特征来界定不同类型储层的物性标准成为关键问题。
以将研究区变质岩有效储层(孔隙度大于2%,渗透率大于0.01×10-3 μm2)进一步划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层为目标。首先将低、中、高3类不同产能的钻井对应的孔渗密度分布曲线进行高斯函数拟合:
fx=1σ2πexp -x-μ22σ2
Fx=121+erfx-μσ2
式中:f(x)为高斯函数(频率密度曲线);F(x)为高斯函数的原函数(频率累积分布曲线);σ为数据的方差;μ为均值;x为低、中、高产储层孔隙度、渗透率的数据集。
拟合得到3类产能钻井的孔隙度高斯分布曲线fφ1(x)(低产能)、fφ2(x)(中产能)、fφ3(x)(高产能)(图4c)和渗透率高斯分布曲线fk1(x)(低产能)、fk2(x)(低产能)、fk3(x)(高产能)(图4d)。在X轴上分别取2点x=xi,x=xj,则x=xi,x=xj、X轴、高斯曲线所围成的面积∫ijfx表示在xi、xj之间的孔隙度或渗透率所占比例(图4c),即F(xj)-F(xi)。然后,利用函数分析法,确定Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层的分类界限。
下面以确定Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类储层的孔隙度界限为例,说明不同类型储层物性界限的确定方法。要确定Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类储层的孔隙度界限,需要在X轴上寻找到一个平衡点x1,使低产能高斯曲线fφ1(x)值尽可能多的落在x=x1左边,即,使低产能值尽可能多的位于Ⅲ类储层范围内;同时,使中产能高斯曲线fφ2(x)、高产能高斯曲线fφ3(x)值尽可能多的落在x=x1右边,即,使中、高产能值尽可能少的落在Ⅲ类储层范围内。此时的x1就是Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类储层的孔隙度界限值。设S1表示fφ1(x)在[0,x1]的面积,S2表示fφ2(x)在(x1,+∞)的面积,S3表示fφ3(x)在(x1,+∞)的面积。当x=x1时,函数G(x)=S1+S2+S3应取得最大值。
G(x)=S1+S2+S3
=F1(x)+1-F2(x)+1-F3(x)
=∫0x1f1(x)+1-∫0x1f2(x)+1-∫0x1f3(x)
对G(x)求导有:
g(x)=f1(x)-f2(x)-f3(x)
令G’(x)=0,即:
12πσ1e-(x-μ1)22σ12-12πσ2e-(x-μ2)22σ22-12πσ3e-(x-μ3)22σ32=0
式中:μ1、μ2、μ3分别为低、中、高产储层孔隙度或渗透率的均值;σ1、σ2、σ3分别为低、中、高产储层孔隙度或渗透率的标准差;S1为fφ1(x)在[0,x1]的面积;S2为fφ2(x)在(x1,+∞)的面积;S3为fφ3(x)在(x1,+∞)的面积;F1(x)、F2(x)、F3(x)分别为低产能井、中产能井、高产能井孔隙度小于x的全部累积;x1为X轴上的一个平衡点;e为自然常数。
研究采用Python编程实现二分法求根来求解该函数。二分法的基本原理是通过迭代缩小寻根区间:根据方程H(x)=0在[a,b]内存在根的前提条件(H(a)与H(b)异号),算法通过迭代取中点并二分区间定位含根子区间,直至达到精度要求。由此求得Ⅱ类与Ⅲ类储层孔隙度界限值Xφ1为4.523 45,四舍五入后Xφ1为5。运用相同方法,依次确定了不同储层的划分界限。
按此方法,依次求得Ⅰ类与Ⅱ类储层孔隙度界限值Xφ2为7.966 79,四舍五入后Xφ2为8;Ⅱ类与Ⅲ类储层渗透率界限值XK1为0.107 15,四舍五入后XK1为0.1;Ⅰ类与Ⅱ类储层渗透率界限值XK2为0.741 48,四舍五入后XK2为1。
为验证高斯函数拟合的可靠性,采用分布检验图进行检验(图5)。该检验方法的原理是通过把测试样本数据的分位数与已知的分布相比较,当正态理论拟合线为接近直线Y=X时说明原样本值的分布与拟合的曲线分布高度近似,拟合曲线可靠性更高[24]。
根据上文确定的研究区太古界潜山Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层孔隙度和渗透率界限,可以在孔隙度和渗透率散点图上(图4f)确定Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层分布区间。由图4f可以看出:变质岩储层属于孔隙-裂缝双重介质储层,其孔隙度和渗透率相关性较差,Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类储层主要分布在互相垂直的直角尺形区间内。对于Ⅰ类储层,当渗透率大于1×10-3 μm2时,即使孔隙度小于等于8%,仍可成为Ⅰ类储层;而当孔隙度大于8%的时候,即使渗透率小于等于1×10-3 μm2,也仍然可以形成Ⅰ类储层。因此,Ⅰ类只需要满足孔隙度大于8%或者渗透率大于1×10-3 μm2其中一个条件即可。同样,Ⅱ类储层只需要满足孔隙度介于5%~8%或者渗透率介于(0.1~1.0)×10-3 μm2其中一个条件。Ⅲ类储层则分布在孔隙度介于2%~<5%的和渗透率介于(0.01~<0.10)×10-3 μm²矩形范围内,其界定标准只需要满足孔隙度介于2%~<5%或者渗透率介于(0.01~<0.10)×10-3 μm²。根据不同类型储层是孔隙主导还是裂缝主导,进一步将Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类储层分为裂缝-孔隙型和裂缝型2个亚类(表1)。
依据上述评价方法,研究区变质岩潜山储层分为3类6亚类,它们具有不同的储层特征。
Ⅰ类储层包括Ⅰ类裂缝-孔隙型储层和Ⅰ类裂缝型储层(图6、图7)。Ⅰ类裂缝-孔隙型储层储集空间以粒间溶蚀孔和强溶蚀粒内溶蚀孔为主(图6a—图6c)。粒间溶蚀孔面孔率介于1.81%~13.86%(平均值为5.52%),粒内溶蚀孔面孔率介于0.78%~18.24%(平均值为4.02%)。压汞实验测试了Ⅰ类裂缝-孔隙型储层的3个样品,选取典型的压汞曲线分析,显示其孔喉系统具有以下特征(图7a):曲线具有典型“平台”特征,排驱压力低(1.48 MPa),中值压力低(8.47 MPa),最大进汞饱和度高(87.09%),中值半径小(0.087 μm),反映孔喉大小集中、连通性好。孔喉半径呈宽缓单峰分布(3~770 nm),主峰介于13~500 nm(图7c)。测井响应表现为低电阻率(深侧向电阻率大于500 Ω·m、小于700 Ω·m)与高声波时差(>53 μs/m)。该类储层的发育区域主要包括风化砂砾岩带、叠加碎裂段的风化淋蚀带以及厚度超过10 m的内幕碎裂段,受控于构造活动、风化淋滤作用以及活动性流体的改造。综合上述特征,该类储层具备高产潜力。
Ⅰ类裂缝型储层储集空间以大尺度构造裂缝和溶蚀扩大缝为主体(图6d—图6f),岩心与薄片观察揭示缝面平直,延伸长(≤22 cm),开度大(≤5 mm),随机分布且切穿矿物颗粒;实测长度介于3~22 cm,开度介于0.1~5.0 mm。根据铸体薄片面孔率统计结果,构造缝面缝率变化范围在0.69%~5.66%,平均值为2.43%;溶蚀缝面缝率变化范围在0.76%~7.09%,平均值为2.96%。典型井成像测井数据显示,裂缝密度介于0.36~4.83条/m,平均为1.80条/m,反映出该储层较高的裂缝发育程度。高压压汞实验测试了Ⅰ类裂缝型储层的2个样品,选取典型的压汞曲线分析,其进汞曲线呈“快速爬坡”型(图7b)。中值压力为32.34 MPa,中值半径为0.023 μm,排驱压力为0.52 MPa,最大进汞饱和度为69.98%。3~2 000 nm区间为孔隙喉道半径优势分布区,其中以大于100 nm的大孔喉占主导(图7d)。通过测井分析发现此类储层深侧向电阻率值普遍小于700 Ω·m,声波时差值介于53~65 μs/m。该类储层的发育位置主要集中在叠加碎裂段的风化崩解带以及厚度超过40 m的厚层裂缝密集带,受控于构造活动和流体的次生改造。风化崩解带是构造应力场与表生风化作用协同演化的产物。厚层裂缝密集带则与大型断裂活动密切相关。裂缝发育程度与断层距离呈现明显的相关性,在断层近端区域,构造应力集中,形成典型的裂缝密集带,属于优质储层发育的关键区域,仅可见少量区域性裂缝分布。在此类储层中,裂缝为主要储集空间,同时也是流体渗流的高效通道,储层往往呈现高产。
Ⅱ类储层包括Ⅱ类裂缝-孔隙型储层和Ⅱ类裂缝型储层。Ⅱ类裂缝-孔隙型储层储集空间以粒内溶蚀孔为主体,与Ⅰ类储层相比,缺乏粒间溶孔且溶蚀程度较低(图8a—图8c)。根据面孔率统计结果,粒内孔面孔率介于0.63%~10.46%,平均值为2.84%。高压压汞实验测试了Ⅱ类裂缝-孔隙型储层的3个样品,选取典型的压汞曲线分析,相较于Ⅰ类裂缝-孔隙型储层样品,Ⅱ类样品的高压压汞曲线呈现向右上方偏移的特征,“平台”段长度缩短。具体参数表现为:中值压力达到53.66 MPa,显著高于Ⅰ类裂缝-孔隙型储层;排驱压力升至1.51 MPa,较Ⅰ类裂缝-孔隙型储层呈现轻微上升趋势;最大进汞饱和度为75.81%,较Ⅰ类裂缝-孔隙型储层有所下降;中值半径减小至0.014 μm,呈现明显降低特征(图7a)。孔喉半径分布特征表明,该类储层的孔喉半径介于3~800 nm,孔体积增量曲线表现出显著的双峰形态,其中3~15 nm区间的孔体积增量占比更高,部分集中在400~600 nm(图7c)。通过测井分析发现此类储层深侧向电阻率值最大可达2 500 Ω·m,声波时差值普遍小于60 μs/m。该类储层主要分布于风化淋蚀带及厚度介于5~10 m的内幕碎裂段,受控于构造活动和风化作用。这表明该储层大孔喉发育较少,孔喉非均质性增强,储集能力较Ⅰ类储层有所下降,但仍具备相对高产特征。
Ⅱ类裂缝型储层储集空间以半—未充填的小尺度构造裂缝与溶蚀缝为主体,与I类裂缝型储层相比,构造裂缝延伸变短、开度变小,充填程度变大(图8d—图8f)。其中构造缝面缝率统计值介于0.35%~4.82%,平均值为1.78%,半充填缝面缝率介于0.24%~4.60%,平均值为2.15%。成像测井揭示裂缝线密度介于0.19~4.18条/m,平均为1.26条/m,裂缝发育中等。压汞实验测试了Ⅱ类裂缝型储层的2个样品,选取典型的压汞曲线分析,相较于Ⅰ类裂缝型储层,Ⅱ类裂缝型储层的压汞曲线表现出向右上方偏移且斜率变缓的特征(图7b)。参数表现为:排驱压力小幅升高(2.03 MPa),中值压力显著提升(158.06 MPa),中值半径大幅减小(0.005 μm),最大进汞饱和度降低(60.79%)。孔喉半径分布介于3~400 nm,孔体积增量主要集中在3~100 nm区间(图7d)。通过测井发现此类储层深侧向电阻率值普遍小于1 000 Ω·m,声波时差在51~57 μs/m范围内波动。该类储层的发育区域主要在风化崩解带及厚度介于20~40 m的裂缝密集带,受控于风化作用和构造活动,其具有相对高产特征。
Ⅲ类储层包括Ⅲ类裂缝-孔隙型储层和Ⅲ类裂缝型储层。Ⅲ类裂缝-孔隙型储层储集空间以溶蚀微孔为主体,含少量的溶蚀孔(图9a—图9c)。在薄片观察下,可见孔隙较为稀少。通过面孔率统计,溶蚀孔与微孔的平均面孔率分别为0.77%和0.66%。压汞实验测试了Ⅲ类裂缝-孔隙型储层的3个样品,选取典型的压汞曲线分析,结果显示中值压力显著升高至69.39 MPa;最大进汞饱和度降至67.91%;排驱压力为1.71 MPa,呈现增大趋势(图7a)。孔喉半径分布介于0.4~100.0 nm,孔体积增量曲线表现出单峰形态,且峰值偏向小孔径一侧,0.4~10.0 nm区间的孔体积增量占比较高,反映出该储层以小孔径孔隙为主导的特征(图7c)。测井分析发现此类储层深侧向电阻率值介于1 500~15 000 Ω·m,声波时差普遍小于53 μs/m。该类储层发育在溶蚀改造程度较低的内幕碎裂带,主要受控于构造作用,储集能力较差,多表现低产。
Ⅲ类裂缝型储层储集空间以晶内微裂缝和晶间微裂缝为主,构造缝和溶蚀缝为辅,长度大多小于1 cm,开度小于0.1 mm,走向主要有南北向和东西向(图9d—图9f)。通过面缝率分析,微裂缝面缝率变化范围在0.19%~1.40%,平均值为0.78%;构造缝面缝率变化范围在0.15%~1.04%,平均值为0.56%;溶蚀缝面缝率变化范围在0.25%~1.34%,平均值为0.79%。成像测井数据显示,裂缝密度介于0~2.54条/m,平均0.87条/m,整体裂缝发育程度较低。压汞实验测试了Ⅲ类裂缝型储层的3个样品,选取典型的压汞曲线分析,分析结果显示该储层的压汞曲线向坐标系右上方偏移,且曲线坡度趋于平缓(图7b)。最大进汞饱和度降低至48.93%,排驱压力显著增大至6.84 MPa。孔喉半径分布介于3~150 nm(图7d)。测井分析发现此类储层深侧向电阻率值显著增大,介于1 500~15 000 Ω·m,声波时差值低,普遍小于57 μs/m。该类储层大多发育在厚度不足20 m的裂缝密集带,主要受控于构造作用,储层的储集性能较弱,在实际生产中多表现为低产特征。
基于前述储层划分方案,对BZ19-6-4井开展了系统分析(图10)。该井钻遇岩性以混合片麻岩和片麻岩为主,其次为风化砂砾岩、混合花岗岩、碎裂岩及少量辉绿岩侵入体。储层物性分析显示,孔隙度介于0.22%~14.67%,平均值为4.75%,渗透率介于(0.03~20.62)×10-3 μm2,平均值为1.37×10-3 μm2。储集空间类型主要包括粒间溶蚀孔和粒内溶蚀孔,同时发育构造缝(密度1.1条/m)和溶蚀缝。Ⅰ类储层总厚度为74.76 m,占比33.98%,主要岩性为砂砾岩、混合片麻岩以及碎裂岩,孔隙度介于1.21%~14.67%,平均值为8.40%,渗透率介于(0.06~20.62)×10-3 μm2,平均值为3.13×10-3 μm2,声波时差介于52~72 μs/m,自然伽马介于76~254 API,深侧向电阻率介于13~707 Ω·m,含气性好。Ⅱ类储层总厚度为97.31 m,占比44.23%,主要岩性为混合花岗岩、混合片麻岩以及片麻岩,孔隙度介于0.80%~8.80%,平均值为4.08%,渗透率介于(0.03~0.42)×10-3 μm2,平均值为0.20×10-3μm2,声波时差介于51~62 μs/m,自然伽马介于87~325 API,深侧向电阻率介于14~1 073 Ω·m,含气性一般。Ⅲ类储层总厚度为47.93 m,占比21.79%,主要岩性为混合片麻岩和片麻岩,孔隙度介于0.22%~5.50%,平均值为2.48%,渗透率介于(0.04~0.08)×10-3 μm2,平均值为0.06×10-3 μm2,声波时差介于50~60 μs/m,自然伽马介于101~284 API,深侧向电阻率介于1 700~6 023 Ω·m,含气性较差。综上所述,Ⅰ类—Ⅲ类储层的产能呈现降低趋势。
1)渤海海域太古界变质岩发育混合花岗岩、混合片麻岩、片麻岩、变粒岩及碎裂岩共5种类型,储集空间包括粒间孔、粒内溶孔、粒间溶孔、残余孔、构造裂缝、晶内微裂缝、晶间微裂缝、溶蚀缝、风化缝。物性上整体表现为中低孔、低渗特征,主要属于Ⅲ类储层、Ⅳ类储层,极少部分属于Ⅱ类储层。
2)以孔隙度大于2%、渗透率大于0.01×10-3 μm²的有效储层为研究对象,基于高斯曲线拟合与多参数协同分析,建立该区变质岩潜山储层分类评价方案,将储层划分为Ⅰ类(高产)、Ⅱ类(相对高产)、Ⅲ类(低产)3大类。Ⅰ类储层孔隙度大于8%或者渗透率大于1×10-3 μm2,Ⅱ类储层孔隙度介于5%~8%或者渗透率介于(0.1~1.0)×10-3 μm2,Ⅲ类储层孔隙度介于2%~<5%或者渗透率介于(0.01~<0.10)×10-3 μm2,每类进一步细分为裂缝-孔隙型和裂缝型亚类,共划分出6个亚类。
3)Ⅰ类储层储集空间为粒间溶蚀孔、粒内溶蚀孔、大尺度构造裂缝、溶蚀扩大缝。Ⅰ类裂缝-孔隙型储层集中分布在风化砂砾岩带、叠加碎裂段的风化淋蚀带及厚度超10 m的内幕碎裂岩带;Ⅰ类裂缝型储层则主要赋存于叠加碎裂段的风化崩解带与厚度超40 m的厚层裂缝密集带。Ⅱ类储层储集空间为粒内溶蚀孔、小尺度构造裂缝及溶蚀缝。Ⅱ类裂缝-孔隙型储层主要发育于风化淋蚀带及厚度介于5~10 m的内幕碎裂段;Ⅱ类裂缝型储层则多见于风化崩解带及厚度介于20~40 m的裂缝密集带。Ⅲ类储层储集空间以溶蚀微孔、晶内微裂缝及晶间微裂缝为主。Ⅲ类裂缝-孔隙型储层主要存在于溶蚀作用微弱的内幕碎裂段;而Ⅲ类裂缝型储层则主要分布在厚度小于20 m的裂缝密集区域。

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2026年第16卷第4期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025176
  • 接收时间:2025-08-15
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-26
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-15
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    1 深部探测与成像全国重点实验室,吉林   长春 130026
    2 吉林大学地球科学学院,吉林   长春 130061
    3 榆林大学化学与化工学院,陕西   榆林 719000
    4 中国石油大庆油田有限责任公司成都勘探开发研究院,四川   成都 610051
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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