Article(id=1322941692852174863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941491332657306, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025387, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1763654400000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343478643, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1795622400000, pubDateStr=2026-11-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343478643, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343478643, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343478643, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941491332657306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='6', pageStart='1137', pageEnd='1368', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1795622400000', pubDateStr='2026-11-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343430598, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344116766, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944369447285513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941491332657306, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944369447285514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941491332657306, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1313, endPage=1324, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322941693108027409, articleId=1322941692852174863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Fracture characteristics in ultra-deep reservoirs under oil-based mud conditions and their control on natural production capacity of Junggar Basin, columnId=1322941693024141328, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Development, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Natural fractures are developed in ultra-deep tight clastic reservoirs in the southern margin of the Junggar Basin and constitute important seepage channels in these tight reservoirs. To ensure wellbore stability and reservoir protection, oil-based mud (OBM) drilling is commonly adopted in this area. However, due to the poor electrical conductivity of OBM, fracture features on images are highly ambiguous, making it difficult to identify effective fractures. Meanwhile, liquid production capacity varies considerably among individual wells in the ultra-deep reservoirs of the southern margin, and its main controlling factors remain unclear. First, based on core and cast thin-section data, the fracture development types in the study area were summarized. The responses of fractures with different degrees of filling on OBM images and array acoustic logs were analyzed, and a log-based fracture identification model integrating borehole images and acoustic data was established under OBM conditions. Then, after clarifying the development characteristics of fractures in ultra-deep reservoirs of the study area, single-well formation test data were integrated to analyze the control of fractures over natural production capacity. Fracture density and fracture assemblage patterns were identified as the key factors controlling production capacity. Network and intersecting fracture assemblages were the dominant patterns due to their high connectivity and strong seepage capacity. A fracture assemblage pattern index was then constructed to characterize seepage differences among the various assemblage types. Subsequently, a dual-parameter model of “fracture quality” and “matrix quality” was constructed to represent the contributions of fractures and the matrix to production capacity. Fracture quality was jointly characterized by fracture density and the fracture assemblage pattern index, while the matrix quality was comprehensively characterized by reservoir quality factor and formation pressure. Finally, based on actual production data, a classification and evaluation chart and natural production capacity grading criteria for ultra-deep reservoirs in the southern margin of the Jungar Basin were established. These results effectively guide interval selection for formation testing and the optimization of production operations in the study area, and also provide a basis for the efficient exploration and development of ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoirs.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=FAN ZHANG, HAO ZHANG, XIAO ZHANG, GUOJUN CHEN, MING GAO, WENQIAN ZHANG, JING ZHANG, authorsList=FAN ZHANG, HAO ZHANG, XIAO ZHANG, GUOJUN CHEN, MING GAO, WENQIAN ZHANG, JING ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322941698095054895, articleId=1322941692852174863, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=准噶尔盆地油基泥浆下超深层裂缝特征及其对自然产能的控制作用, columnId=1322941693259022355, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气开发, runingTitle=null, highlight=

准噶尔盆地南缘地区超深致密碎屑岩储层天然裂缝发育,是致密储层重要的渗流通道,为保障井眼稳定与储层保护,该区普遍采用油基泥浆钻井,鉴于油基泥浆导电性差的影响,成像上裂缝特征多解性强,有效缝识别难度大。同时,南缘超深层单井产液能力差异大,产能主控因素尚不明确。首先,根据岩心及铸体薄片资料,总结研究区裂缝发育类型,分析不同充填性裂缝在油基泥浆成像及阵列声波测井响应特征,建立了基于成像及声波资料的油基泥浆下裂缝测井识别模式。在厘清研究区超深层裂缝发育特征的基础上,结合单井试油数据,分析裂缝对自然产能的控制作用,明确裂缝密度、裂缝组合模式是控制产能的关键性裂缝要素,网状式和交叉式裂缝组合因连通性好、渗流能力强,成为优势裂缝组合类型,并构建裂缝组合模式指数表征不同组合类型的渗流差异。进一步构建“裂缝品质”和“基质品质”双参数模型,分别表征裂缝与基质对超深层自然产能的贡献,其中,裂缝品质由裂缝密度、裂缝组合模式指数联合表征,基质品质由储层品质因子、地层压力综合表征。最终,结合实际生产资料,建立南缘超深层储层分类评价图版及自然产能分级标准,有效指导了研究区试油选层及生产作业措施优选,同时也为超深致密砂岩储层高效勘探开发提供依据。

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张帆(1994—),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事测井综合评价工作。地址:新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市新市区北京北路397号,邮政编码:830000。E-mail:

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张帆(1994—),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事测井综合评价工作。地址:新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市新市区北京北路397号,邮政编码:830000。E-mail:

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张帆(1994—),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事测井综合评价工作。地址:新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市新市区北京北路397号,邮政编码:830000。E-mail:

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Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(5): 1004-1016., articleTitle=Genetic mechanism and evolution characteristics of overpressure in the lower play at the southern margin of the Junggar Basin, northwestern China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322941717699231921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=49, issue=5, pageStart=859, pageEnd=870, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=46, authorNames=鲁雪松, 赵孟军, 张凤奇, journalName=石油勘探与开发, refType=null, unstructuredReference=鲁雪松, 赵孟军, 张凤奇, 等. 准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带超压发育特征、成因及其控藏作用[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2022, 49(5): 859-870., articleTitle=准噶尔盆地南缘前陆冲断带超压发育特征、成因及其控藏作用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322941717774729394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=49, issue=5, pageStart=859, pageEnd=870, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=47, authorNames=Lu Xuesong, Zhao Mengjun, Zhang Fengqi, journalName=Petroleum Exploration and Development, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Lu Xuesong, Zhao Mengjun, Zhang Fengqi, et al. Characteristics, origin and controlling effects on hydrocarbon accumulation of overpressure in foreland thrust belt of southern margin of Junggar Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2022, 49(5): 859-870., articleTitle=Characteristics, origin and controlling effects on hydrocarbon accumulation of overpressure in foreland thrust belt of southern margin of Junggar Basin, NW China, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322941717867004083, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=37, issue=3, pageStart=1223, pageEnd=1227, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=48, authorNames=张浩, 程亮, 樊海涛, journalName=地球物理学进展, refType=null, unstructuredReference=张浩, 程亮, 樊海涛, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷地层超压成因及其对物性的影响[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2022, 37(3): 1223-1227., articleTitle=准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷地层超压成因及其对物性的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322941718005416116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=37, issue=3, pageStart=1223, pageEnd=1227, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=49, authorNames=Zhang Hao, Cheng Liang, Fan Haitao, journalName=Progress in Geophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang Hao, Cheng Liang, Fan Haitao, et al. Formation overpressure and its influence on physical properties in Mahu sag, Junggar Basin[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2022, 37(3): 1223-1227., articleTitle=Formation overpressure and its influence on physical properties in Mahu sag, Junggar Basin, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322941698447376432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941698455765041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, companyId=1322941698447376432, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941698464153650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, companyId=1322941698447376432, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国石油新疆油田分公司勘探开发研究院,新疆维吾尔自治区   乌鲁木齐 830000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322941704722055265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Fracture development in cores and thin sections of ultra-deep Jurassic-Cretaceous reservoirs in middle section of southern margin of Junggar Basin, figureFileSmall=V+en4Zi2zGeKkBJteO4I7g==, figureFileBig=h1tQ3I9Vz4O1wDlsT37Fcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941704847884386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=CN, label=图1, caption=准噶尔盆地南缘中段侏罗系-白垩系超深层岩心及薄片裂缝发育情况

注:a为A7井,J3k,泥质粉砂岩,高角度缝;b为A7井,J3k,细砂岩,高角度缝;c为A4井,K1q,粉细砂岩,直劈缝;d为A1井,K1q,细砂岩,半充填缝;e为A6井,K1q,细砂岩,方解石半充填,沿裂缝面重新裂开;f为A7井,K1q,中细砂岩,方解石充填;g为A4井,K1q,不等粒砂岩,构造缝;h为A1井,K1q,细砂岩,缝内发育硅质胶结物;i为A4井,J1s,砂质砾岩,构造缝。

, figureFileSmall=V+en4Zi2zGeKkBJteO4I7g==, figureFileBig=h1tQ3I9Vz4O1wDlsT37Fcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941705154068579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Fracture identification on OBM images of middle section of southern margin of Junggar Basin, figureFileSmall=zLy4RavdMwYaf1Qqj9+Jrg==, figureFileBig=/KOu3Pw6fn8jV2vLhoKuXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941705409921124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=CN, label=图2, caption=准噶尔盆地南缘中段油基泥浆成像识别裂缝, figureFileSmall=zLy4RavdMwYaf1Qqj9+Jrg==, figureFileBig=/KOu3Pw6fn8jV2vLhoKuXg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941705514778725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Fracture identification in array acoustic logs under OBM conditions in middle section of southern margin of Junggar Basin, figureFileSmall=wqnzQxsrS7XLqCtPlObZEw==, figureFileBig=Xk04lmjmJI+P0rcDc5mMbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941705648996454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=CN, label=图3, caption=准噶尔盆地南缘中段油基泥浆下阵列声波识别裂缝情况

注:1 ft≈0.304 8 m。

, figureFileSmall=wqnzQxsrS7XLqCtPlObZEw==, figureFileBig=Xk04lmjmJI+P0rcDc5mMbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941705833545831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Formation testing and fracture development of Well A3-S1 in middle section of southern margin of Junggar Basin, figureFileSmall=T87sIiEBhKDo9n06O4iXfQ==, figureFileBig=JIRr0Zt4/Owpa9UEeE9WpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941705913237608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=CN, label=图4, caption=准噶尔盆地南缘中段A3-S1井试油与裂缝发育情况, figureFileSmall=T87sIiEBhKDo9n06O4iXfQ==, figureFileBig=JIRr0Zt4/Owpa9UEeE9WpQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941705997123689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Cross-plot of fracture density and liquid extraction intensity in middle section of southern margin of Junggar Basin, figureFileSmall=+YZdd8VG4f9G7Y6dqcu7MQ==, figureFileBig=KiIiRbn6x/1H9+4wilWw7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941706085204074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=CN, label=图5, caption=准噶尔盆地南缘中段裂缝密度与采液强度能交会图, figureFileSmall=+YZdd8VG4f9G7Y6dqcu7MQ==, figureFileBig=KiIiRbn6x/1H9+4wilWw7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941706378805355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Main fracture assemblage patterns of ultra-deep reservoirs in middle section of southern margin of Junggar Basin, figureFileSmall=oljylDjiN1aFtLl+VKsKBA==, figureFileBig=xGs+Myu/x+uKnIotAz2v+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941706689183852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=CN, label=图6, caption=准噶尔盆地南缘中段超深储层裂缝主要组合形式, figureFileSmall=oljylDjiN1aFtLl+VKsKBA==, figureFileBig=xGs+Myu/x+uKnIotAz2v+A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941707158945901, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Comprehensive logging results for Wells A2-S1 and A6-S1 in middle section of southern margin of Junggar Basin, figureFileSmall=dgIGF8kB14j2C9IbzeqZtg==, figureFileBig=lHxIQfZvZ7H7ahY6yHpwZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941707259609198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=CN, label=图7, caption=准噶尔盆地南缘中段A2-S1井与A6-S1井测井综合图, figureFileSmall=dgIGF8kB14j2C9IbzeqZtg==, figureFileBig=lHxIQfZvZ7H7ahY6yHpwZg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941707330912367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Degrees of fracture strike dispersion and longitudinal fracture concentration in different assemblage patterns, figureFileSmall=MBZB8xdGnVhMqLQO0t/x2Q==, figureFileBig=3JMdK3LibxjGT9tDgJEetw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941709209960560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同组合模式的裂缝走向离散度与纵向集中度

注:Sf为固定窗长内裂缝走向离散度;Cf为固定窗长内裂缝纵向集中程度。

, figureFileSmall=MBZB8xdGnVhMqLQO0t/x2Q==, figureFileBig=3JMdK3LibxjGT9tDgJEetw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941709289652338, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Relationship between fracture liquid extraction intensity in middle section of southern margin of Junggar Basin, figureFileSmall=qrLjIs1Unl3cM47m9EwwOQ==, figureFileBig=SMn2yvtWw1rysbmgcKW6ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941709621002355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=CN, label=图9, caption=准噶尔盆地南缘中段裂缝品质与采液强度关系, figureFileSmall=qrLjIs1Unl3cM47m9EwwOQ==, figureFileBig=SMn2yvtWw1rysbmgcKW6ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941709709082740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Evaluation of ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoirs in middle section of southern margin of Junggar Basin, figureFileSmall=FsxuvItndZBoUsZO9BRdmg==, figureFileBig=e1EHMsZXhfAXfN3q/5LIHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941710053015669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=CN, label=图10, caption=准噶尔盆地南缘中段超深致密砂岩储层评价, figureFileSmall=FsxuvItndZBoUsZO9BRdmg==, figureFileBig=e1EHMsZXhfAXfN3q/5LIHA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941710157873270, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Comprehensive logging interpretation results for Well A7-S2 in middle section of southern margin of Junggar Basin, figureFileSmall=DX9PHiVlHQaPYsz2sh3uOQ==, figureFileBig=7Zvn5PEysDd39N8oAzMW7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941710510194807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=CN, label=图11, caption=准噶尔盆地南缘中段A7-S2井段综合测井解释成果

注:C5为戊烷体积百分比;C4为丁烷体积百分比;C3为丙烷体积百分比;C2为乙烷体积百分比;C1为甲烷体积百分比;TGAS为全烃体积百分比。

, figureFileSmall=DX9PHiVlHQaPYsz2sh3uOQ==, figureFileBig=7Zvn5PEysDd39N8oAzMW7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941710577303672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Log-based fracture identification model under OBM conditions in middle section of southern margin of Junggar Basin, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941710656995449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

准噶尔盆地南缘中段油基泥浆下裂缝测井识别模式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941710719910010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Formation testing results for individual wells in ultra-deep reservoirs in middle section of southern margin of Junggar Basin, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号井号

试油

层段

孔隙度/%试油层厚度/m

裂缝密度

/(条/m)

主要裂

缝组合

采液强度/[m3/(d·m)]试油结论
1A1S19.3121.40网状式59.70气层
2A2S15.6100.86交叉式49.20含气水层
3A3S13.0261.30网状式34.10气层
4A4S13.2130.23单缝式0.41干层
5A4S28.4290.31单缝式0.96水层
6A4S32.6170.07单缝式0.36干层
7A5S18.3150.47平行式1.00含气水层
8A6S17.1120.68平行式7.20气层
9A6S23.8350.17单缝式0.99气层
), ArticleFig(id=1322941710967373947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

准噶尔盆地南缘中段超深层单井试油信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号井号

试油

层段

孔隙度/%试油层厚度/m

裂缝密度

/(条/m)

主要裂

缝组合

采液强度/[m3/(d·m)]试油结论
1A1S19.3121.40网状式59.70气层
2A2S15.6100.86交叉式49.20含气水层
3A3S13.0261.30网状式34.10气层
4A4S13.2130.23单缝式0.41干层
5A4S28.4290.31单缝式0.96水层
6A4S32.6170.07单缝式0.36干层
7A5S18.3150.47平行式1.00含气水层
8A6S17.1120.68平行式7.20气层
9A6S23.8350.17单缝式0.99气层
), ArticleFig(id=1322941711281946748, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Classification criteria of natural production capacity for ultra-deep reservoirs in southern margin of Junggar Basin, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
储层类别采液强度/[m3/(d·m)]MQFQ
Ⅰ高产层>10>5>50
Ⅱ中产层>1~10>2~50
Ⅲ低产层≤1≤5≤2
), ArticleFig(id=1322941711357444221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941692852174863, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

准噶尔盆地南缘超深储层自然产能分级标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
储层类别采液强度/[m3/(d·m)]MQFQ
Ⅰ高产层>10>5>50
Ⅱ中产层>1~10>2~50
Ⅲ低产层≤1≤5≤2
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准噶尔盆地油基泥浆下超深层裂缝特征及其对自然产能的控制作用
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张帆 , 张浩 , 张啸 , 陈国军 , 高明 , 张文芊 , 张进
油气藏评价与开发 | 油气开发 2026,16(6): 1313-1324
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油气藏评价与开发 |油气开发 2026 , 16 (6) : 1313 -1324
准噶尔盆地油基泥浆下超深层裂缝特征及其对自然产能的控制作用
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张帆 , 张浩, 张啸, 陈国军, 高明, 张文芊, 张进
作者信息
  • 中国石油新疆油田分公司勘探开发研究院,新疆维吾尔自治区   乌鲁木齐 830000
作者简介:

张帆(1994—),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事测井综合评价工作。地址:新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市新市区北京北路397号,邮政编码:830000。E-mail:

Fracture characteristics in ultra-deep reservoirs under oil-based mud conditions and their control on natural production capacity of Junggar Basin
FAN ZHANG , HAO ZHANG, XIAO ZHANG, GUOJUN CHEN, MING GAO, WENQIAN ZHANG, JING ZHANG
Affiliations
  • Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830000, China
出版时间: 2026-11-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025387
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准噶尔盆地  /  超深致密砂岩储层  /  油基泥浆  /  裂缝识别  /  储层评价
Junggar Basin  /  ultra-deep tight sandstone reservoirs  /  oil-based mud  /  fracture identification  /  reservoir evaluation
张帆, 张浩, 张啸, 陈国军, 高明, 张文芊, 张进. 准噶尔盆地油基泥浆下超深层裂缝特征及其对自然产能的控制作用. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (6) : 1313 -1324 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025387
FAN ZHANG, HAO ZHANG, XIAO ZHANG, GUOJUN CHEN, MING GAO, WENQIAN ZHANG, JING ZHANG. Fracture characteristics in ultra-deep reservoirs under oil-based mud conditions and their control on natural production capacity of Junggar Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (6) : 1313 -1324 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025387
随着中国油气勘探范围的不断扩大,超深层油气资源展现出巨大的勘探潜力,成为当前及未来相当长时间内油气勘探的重点领域 [1-2]。准噶尔盆地南缘地区发育大量背斜圈闭,近年来在埋深大于6 000 m的超深层储层不断取得重大发现和勘探突破[3-5],多口探井连获高产工业油气流,成为盆地增储上产的主要接替区[6]。研究区南缘中段致密砂岩储层具有低孔-特低孔、特低渗特征,当储层孔隙度相近时,井间试油产能差异大,裂缝作为有效渗流通道,对渗透率通常有数量级的改变,是影响油气产能及判断油气藏是否有经济开采价值的主要因素[2,7-8]。因此,明确致密砂岩储层裂缝特征及开展裂缝对超深层自然产能的控制作用分析,对研究区产能预测及勘探开发具有重要的现实意义。
成像测井能直观、有效地识别井壁储层裂缝的发育情况,在水基泥浆中有较好的应用效果[9-10],而超深储层勘探开发往往采用油基泥浆钻井,由于油基泥浆导电性能差,成像中高阻亮色缝可能是方解石等高阻矿物充填缝,也可能是油基泥浆充填张开缝,导致裂缝有效性难以识别[11-12]。此外,裂缝对产能的控制方面,发育低充填、大开度裂缝且具有异常高压的储层更有利于油气高产[6,13-14],学者通过分析裂缝参数与自然产能的关系,利用裂缝开度、裂缝孔隙度、裂缝渗透率、裂缝角度等参数及岩石力学参数共同刻画储层品质,建立其与油气自然产能的关系模型[10,12-13],该方法在成像资料能准确表征裂缝参数的条件下取得了较好的应用效果[15-16],但在超深层油基泥浆条件下,鉴于目前油基泥浆成像技术尚无法准确表征裂缝定量参数如裂缝孔隙度、裂缝开度等[17],应用该方法评价储层具有局限性。
基于岩心、铸体薄片、油基泥浆成像及阵列声波资料,总结了研究区裂缝发育类型,利用地质刻度测井方法,建立油基泥浆条件下裂缝识别模式;在明确超深层裂缝发育特征的基础上,确定控制储层高产的裂缝特征及优势组合模式,并构建裂缝组合模式指数表征优势组合对产能的贡献,继而建立裂缝品质模型;结合研究区储层基质品质,形成基于基质品质和裂缝品质的超深层自然产能评价图版,为研究区超深层油气高效开发提供技术支持。
研究区准噶尔盆地南缘中段西起四棵树凹陷,东邻阜康断裂带,南至托齐掩伏带,北依沙湾凹陷的齐古断褶带—霍玛吐背斜带,由南向北发育三排雁列式排列的背斜构造带[4-6]。依据不同储盖组合配置,纵向上分上、中、下3个油气成藏组合,下组合以白垩系吐谷鲁群上部巨厚泥岩为盖层,侏罗系规模砂体与白垩系清水河组砂岩层为储层,是南缘超深层油气勘探的主要目标[18]。
准噶尔盆地南缘中段侏罗系及白垩系清水河组薄片资料显示,储层岩性主要为长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂岩:石英含量介于12%~34%,平均为26.1%;岩屑含量介于35%~72%,平均为50.4%,且岩屑组分中,塑性凝灰岩岩屑占比达85%,黏土含量较低,平均为1.2%,储层颗粒分选性好—中等,磨圆主要为次棱角状、次圆-次棱角状,接触关系多为线接触和点-线接触,胶结类型为压嵌型、孔隙-压嵌型。上述分析表明,储层具有成分成熟度较低、结构成熟度中等偏低、塑性岩屑含量较高的特征,岩石抗压能力较弱。根据研究区296块样品物性分析实验结果发现:储层孔隙度介于0.7%~11.7%,平均为4.9%,渗透率介于(0.01~15.9)×10-3 µm2,平均为0.4×10-3 µm2,属于低孔、特低渗型储层,裂缝对改善该类储层渗流能力及提高产能有重要意义[4,19]。
储层钻井岩心资料显示,该区主要发育构造成因缝,裂缝多数为未充填状态,缝面一般较平整,裂缝长度介于0.03~1.74 m,裂缝宽度一般介于0.1~1.0 mm,最大可达2.0 mm,角度介于45°~75°的高角度缝(图1a、图1b)和倾角大于75°的直劈缝(图1c)分别占裂缝数量的61.9%和23.8%,有效性较好,是油气运移的有效通道,低角度缝(倾角介于15°~45°)及水平缝(倾角小于15°)分别占总数的10.7%、3.5%。少部分裂缝为充填—半充填缝(图1d—图1f),充填物为方解石及硅质胶结物,半充填缝对改善研究区内砂体的渗透性有积极作用。
铸体薄片资料显示,裂缝大多沿碎屑颗粒边缘延伸,也贯穿单个碎屑颗粒(图1g—图1i),其形态多变,一般为近直线型或曲线型(图1g—图1h),少量分叉,呈树枝状(图1i)。这些微裂缝能沟通多个孔隙,有效改善超深储层的渗流能力,镜下裂缝内可见石英胶结物,并发育石英颗粒加大边和自生石英颗粒两种产状。
成像是识别井筒裂缝最直观,也是可信度最高的测井技术,高分辨率油基泥浆成像测井通过测量井周阻抗信息并经过反演处理后,可以反映井周地层电阻率、极板与地层间隔变化,获得高分辨率反演的静态图、动态图、电极与井壁地层间隙图像。地层电阻率以亮暗色特征显示在静态图和动态图上,电阻率高值为亮色,电阻率低值为暗色。对于间隙图像,当极板与地层间隔较大时为暗色特征,反之则显示不明显。这些图像结合起来可以识别层界面、层理、裂缝等地层信息。若地层存在张开缝,通常被油基泥浆充填,其在电阻率图像上表现为相对于井周地层的高阻亮色特征,同时,仪器电极与井壁之间的间隙增大,间隙图像上显示为暗色特征(图2a);当裂缝被矿物充填,电极与井壁的间隙无明显变化,间隙图像显示不明显,电阻率图像则主要取决于充填矿物的性质,若充填物为高阻矿物,电阻率图像呈亮色特征(图2a),充填物为低阻矿物则显示暗色特征;对于半充填缝,间隙图像上则显示部分暗色特征(图2b)。
阵列声波测井通过测量经过井壁地层的声波信息,获得与储层孔隙度、渗透率、裂缝等物性密切相关的慢度、衰减、幅度等多种声学参数,其基本不受井内流体导电性的影响,在超深层油基泥浆下裂缝识别与评价中优势明显。当地层中发育裂缝时,通常会引起不同模式波能量发生变化,滑行纵波对于低角度裂缝敏感,产生较大的能量幅度衰减,而滑行横波在高角度裂缝发育处产生能量和幅度的衰减[20-21]。斯通利波相对于其他模式波,具有最低频率、最高能量的特点,通常沿着井壁表面传播,当地层存在裂缝时,受井内泥浆与地层中流体的相互流动的影响,斯通利波能量幅度发生严重衰减,并在裂缝的深度位置形成反射斯通利波[22],可根据全波列波形和变密度图上模式波衰减“V”字形条纹解释裂缝发育层段。
此外,阵列声波测井的正交偶极模式可以测量地层的横波特性,裂缝使该处地层表现为各向异性特征,横波发生分裂形成快、慢横波。快横波平行于裂缝走向偏振,传播速度快,慢横波垂直于裂缝走向偏振,传播速度慢,快慢横波的速度差异反映了裂缝引起的地层各向异性差异的大小,其强弱程度正比于裂缝发育程度。从图3第一道全波形变密度图上可以看到该井段存在多个裂缝,第五道模式波衰减曲线显示7 436.0~7 441.5 m、7 442.3~7 445.0 m、7 446.0~7 447.0 m、7 448.0~7 452.0 m有明显的声波衰减,横波时差也存在分异现象,结合成像资料得知,前4个深度段储层内发育多条张开缝及半充填缝,在油基泥浆下,阵列声波测井对张开缝及半张开缝有较好的响应。
综合岩心、油基泥浆成像和阵列声波资料,归纳油基泥浆下裂缝测井响应特征,建立研究区超深储层油基泥浆下裂缝测井识别模式(表1):①张开缝,裂缝贯穿岩心,成像动态图、间隙图像分别显示亮、暗色正弦线特征,快、慢横波发生分离,地层各向异性值增加,斯通利波有“V”字形反射条纹;②半充填缝:岩心裂缝被矿物半充填,动态图、间隙图中分别为部分亮、暗色正弦特征,快、慢横波与斯通利波有不同程度异常响应;③充填缝:岩心裂缝被矿物全充填,动态图与间隙图像均为亮色曲线,快、慢横波与斯通利波无明显偏差;④诱导缝:裂缝近垂直贯穿岩心,成像动态图及间隙图像分别显示为两条亮色、暗色近垂直的对称线条,声波变密度图及阵列各向异性不明显。
基于油基泥浆下裂缝识别模式,对研究区单井裂缝进行精细识别,并开展裂缝对超深层油气自然产能控制作用分析研究。实际生产测试资料显示,南缘中段超深层井间试油自然产能差异大,A1-S1井、A5-S1井试油段储层基质物性较好,平均孔隙度介于8.0%~11.0%,射孔后,A1-S1井日产液量达到716.3 m3,而A5-S1井的日产液量为8.02 m3;A3-S1井、A6-S2井、A4-S1井、S3井试油段储层基质物性较差,平均孔隙度介于3.0%~5.0%,而A3-S1井自然产液量为885.4 m3,是后三者的数十倍。结合成像资料,A3-S1井裂缝十分发育(图4),因此,裂缝发育程度对超深层致密砂岩储层的油气自然产能有重要的控制作用。
裂缝密度是裂缝发育程度的直接反映,通过对南缘中段霍玛吐背斜带6口已钻井、9层共计169 m试油段的裂缝密度与采液强度分析可知:研究区整体上采液强度与裂缝密度对应关系明显(图5),裂缝密度越大,单井自然产能越高,裂缝密度较小时,对应的单井自然产能较低。
Df = LH
式中:Df为裂缝密度,单位条/m;H为地层厚度,单位m;L为裂缝条数,单位条。
根据岩心及油基泥浆成像的裂缝组合特征,将研究区裂缝组合划分为网状式、交叉式、平行式和单缝式(图6):①网状式,多条裂缝相互切割,裂缝相互沟通形成渗流通道;②交叉式,常为后期缝切割先期缝形成相对较好的渗流网络体系;③平行式,2条及以上近平行的裂缝排列而成;④单缝式,裂缝与相邻裂缝相隔较远,独立发育。
对研究区超深储层裂缝组合模式与自然产能关系进行研究,A2-S1井与A6-S1井测井综合成果显示(图7),裂缝组合模式的差异对自然产能存在影响:A2-S1井射孔段储层孔隙度介于4.0%~8.7%,平均为5.7%,发育张开缝及半充填缝9条;A6-S1井射孔段储层孔隙度介于5.0%~9.0%,平均为7.2%,发育张开缝及半充填缝8条。但从基质物性及裂缝发育的角度评价,两口井物性相近,射孔后,A2-S1井自喷试产总产液量为492.0 m3,自然产液量为86.0 m3,自然产能相差近6倍,结合成像裂缝特征,A2-S1井裂缝组合模式为交叉式,A6-S1井裂缝组合为平行式。
通过对研究区裂缝组合模式及单井自然产液量统计发现(表2):当单井裂缝组合形式为网状式与交叉式时,试油段自然产液量高,表明网状式和交叉式的裂缝与裂缝之间、裂缝与孔隙之间高效沟通,形成复杂的缝-孔渗流网络,显著提高了储层连通性;平行式对自然产能的贡献弱于网状式与交叉式,表明平行式裂缝沟通范围相对有限,对储层渗透率的提升更依赖于裂缝密度及其有效性;发育单缝式的储层自然产能较低,表明单一裂缝难以对储层中孤立、分散的孔隙起到有效的连通作用,对自然产能的贡献相对较少。因此,网状式、交叉式的裂缝组合更有利于储层高产。
分析裂缝组合特征,构建裂缝走向离散度、裂缝纵向集中度这两个与裂缝组合特征相关的参数,对裂缝组合方式进行定量描述。其中裂缝走向离散度与裂缝走向、裂缝走向与最大水平主应力夹角均值有关,用以描述固定窗长内裂缝组合在水平空间的分布情况(图8)。对于平行缝,其裂缝走向离散度较小,而交叉缝、网状缝的裂缝走向离散度则较大;裂缝纵向集中度与窗长内裂缝数量、裂缝高度及裂缝间距有关,计算公式(3)用以描述一定窗长内裂缝集中程度,当窗长内裂缝数量越多,裂缝高度越大,缝间距越小,则裂缝纵向集中度越大,裂缝越易沟通(图8)。将裂缝走向离散度与纵向集中度乘积定义为裂缝组合模式指数,裂缝组合模式指数越大,裂缝越具有网状式和交叉式特征,对自然产能的贡献也就越大。
Sf =∑im(ai-a¯)2n
式中:Sf为裂缝走向离散度;ai为第i条裂缝走向与最大水平主应力方向夹角,单位(°);a¯为裂缝走向与最大水平主应力方向夹角的平均值,单位(°);n为固定窗长内裂缝数量。
Cf =Fh·nFr
式中:Cf为裂缝纵向集中度;Fh为裂缝高度,单位m;Fr为裂缝间距,单位m。
自然产能由储层基质品质和裂缝品质共同决定,基于裂缝对超深层自然产能控制作用的分析,利用裂缝密度、裂缝组合模式指数表征裂缝品质,并建立其与储层自然产能的关系,如图9所示,裂缝品质与采液强度呈正相关性,说明裂缝品质对自然产能具有较强的控制作用。
FQ=SfCfDf
式中:FQ为裂缝品质。
对于基质品质,研究区下组合受构造挤压及欠压实等成因影响,普遍发育极强超压 [23-24],且已有研究证实,超压地层泥岩电阻率与储层声波时差值的比值与地层压力系数有较好的对应性[25],即超压越强,地层压力系数越大,地层压力系数与泥岩电阻率呈负相关关系,与声波时差呈负相关关系,基于此,结合储层品质因子构建研究区超深储层基质品质评价模型:
IRQI=Kbφb
MQ=IRQI∆tRsh
式中:IRQI为储层品质因子;Kb为储层基质渗透率,单位10-3 µm2;φb为储层基质孔隙度,%;MQ为基质品质;∆t为储层声波时差,单位μs/m,Rsh为泥岩电阻率,单位Ω·m。
利用基质品质、裂缝品质建立研究区超深层评价图版及自然产能分级标准(图10、表3),对于I类高产层,其采液强度大于10 m3/(d·m),这类储层基质品质较好,MQ(基质品质)>5,网状式、交叉式裂缝组合发育且有效性高,FQ(裂缝品质)>50;II类中产层采液强度介于1~10 m3/(d·m),这类储层基质品质和裂缝品质中等,MQ>5,FQ介于2~50,裂缝组合模式常为平行式或低密度单缝式组合,压裂后或可达到高产;Ⅲ类低产层采液强度小于等于1 m3/(d·m),这类储层基质物性差,裂缝不发育,基质品质、裂缝品质均较小。
建立油基泥浆裂缝识别模式及超深储层评价方法,对研究区A7井储层进行评价(图11),该井储层段岩性为泥质粉砂岩、钙质粉砂岩和砂砾岩,声波、密度曲线储层段致密,取心分析孔隙度介于2.0%~3.3%,储层段基质品质平均为5.8,成像资料显示8 044~8 089 m高角度裂缝十分发育,最大裂缝密度达3条/m,计算裂缝品质平均为55.6,落在图版的I级储层范围内。试油选层阶段,根据评价结果,选取8 044~8 062 m、8 072~8 088 m基质品质和裂缝品质高值段试油,射孔后,该层自喷日产气量为50.7×104 m3,日产油量为337.42 m3,试油高产结果与储层评价图版对应性好。
1)准噶尔盆地南缘中段超深层致密砂岩储层具低孔、特低渗特征,发育张开缝、半充填缝及充填缝,利用高分辨率油基泥浆成像动态图、间隙图能对裂缝进行精细识别,结合阵列声波资料中斯通利波反射系数、快慢波时差及各向异性等参数可综合判断裂缝有效性,并归纳裂缝测井响应特征,建立超深层油基泥浆下裂缝测井识别模式。
2)结合单井裂缝发育特征和实际生产资料分析,认为裂缝密度、裂缝组合模式对单井自然产能影响大,较高的裂缝密度、网状式及交叉式的裂缝组合是超深储层高产的关键裂缝要素。
3)裂缝组合模式指数可较好表征裂缝组合模式的差异性,以此建立基于裂缝组合模式指数的裂缝品质评价模型,并结合基质品质建立超深层致密砂岩储层评价图版及自然产能分级标准,将其应用到井筒剖面中,有效指导了试油选层,对超深层致密砂岩高效勘探与开发具有重要意义。

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2026年第16卷第6期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025387
  • 接收时间:2025-11-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-11-26
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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-21
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    中国石油新疆油田分公司勘探开发研究院,新疆维吾尔自治区   乌鲁木齐 830000
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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