Article(id=1322941719725080764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025487, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1763481600000, receivedDateStr=2025-11-19, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343485050, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1779724800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343485050, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343485050, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343485050, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941718441623734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='3', pageStart='489', pageEnd='736', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779724800000', pubDateStr='2026-05-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343484745, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344165564, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944574066402279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944574070596584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=544, endPage=555, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322941720228397245, articleId=1322941719725080764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Characteristics of hydrocarbon-generating organisms and influencing factors of source rock development: A case study of Wulalike Formation, Ordos Basin, columnId=1322941494130258079, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Exploration, runingTitle=null, highlight=

The Wulalike Formation developed in the southwest margin of the Ordos Basin is an important shale gas exploration and development horizon in northern China, characterized by general gas occurrence and local enrichment. Exploring the influencing factors of the development of high-quality source rocks in the Wulalike Formation has important guiding significance for current oil and gas exploration. This study focused on the Wulalike Formation shale from the Shixiagu cross-section in the northern part and the Yindongguanzhuang cross-section in the southern part of the western margin of the basin. A systematic investigation was conducted on the geochemical characteristics of source rocks, the composition of hydrocarbon-generating organisms, and the evolution of the paleoceanic environment to establish the sedimentary model of the Wulalike Formation and identify the influencing factors of the development of high-quality source rocks. The results showed that: (1) The source rocks were primarily developed at the bottom of the Wulalike Formation, with overall low total organic carbon (TOC) content. The thermal maturity ranged from mature to highly mature, and the overall hydrocarbon generation potential was relatively low. (2) The biotic assemblage of the Wulalike Formation included planktonic algae, graptolites, benthic algae, algal sporangia, and radiolarians. Further study confirmed that the hydrocarbon-generating organisms in the source rock intervals were mainly planktic algae bodies and their degraded fragments, with lower contents of graptolites and benthic algae fragments. (3) Trace element geochemical indicators showed that the Wulalike Formation shale was deposited in an anoxic water environment, but the paleoproductivity level was overall low. The sedimentary water body in the northern part of the western margin was anoxic and stagnant, while the sedimentary water body depth in the southern part of the western margin was shallower, with a weaker degree of anoxia. Comprehensive analysis indicates that the organic matter enrichment in the Wulalike Formation shale is influenced by both paleo-marine productivity and the redox conditions of the water body. The overall low paleo-marine productivity level is the primary reason for the low organic matter abundance in the source rocks, while the local redox environment plays a more significant role in regulating the preservation efficiency of organic matter.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=YI ZHANG1, 2, 3, JUNYU WAN1, 2, 3, ZIYI LIU1, 2, 3, JIANHUI ZHU1, 2, 3, CHUNTANG LI4, WEI ZHANG4, PING WANG1, 2, 3, authorsList=YI ZHANG, JUNYU WAN, ZIYI LIU, JIANHUI ZHU, CHUNTANG LI, WEI ZHANG, PING WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322941724720496850, articleId=1322941719725080764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=成烃生物特征及烃源岩发育影响因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地乌拉力克组为例, columnId=1322941494327390371, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气勘探, runingTitle=null, highlight=

鄂尔多斯盆地西缘发育的乌拉力克组是中国北方页岩气勘探开发的重要层位,具有普遍含气、局部富集的特征。探寻乌拉力克组优质烃源岩的发育影响因素,对现阶段油气勘探工作具有重要指导意义。本次研究以盆地西缘北段的石峡谷剖面和南段的银洞官庄剖面的乌拉力克组页岩为研究对象,系统开展了烃源岩地球化学特征、成烃生物组成及古海洋环境演化研究,建立了乌拉力克组沉积模式,明确了优质烃源岩发育的影响因素。研究结果表明:①烃源岩主要发育于乌拉力克组底部,总有机碳(TOC)含量整体偏低,热演化程度处于成熟—高成熟阶段,整体生烃潜力较低;②乌拉力克组生物组合包含浮游藻、笔石、底栖藻、藻类孢子囊和放射虫,进一步研究证实,烃源岩层段的成烃生物主要为浮游藻类体及其降解碎片,笔石和底栖藻碎片含量较少;③微量元素地球化学指标显示,乌拉力克组页岩沉积于缺氧的水体环境,但古生产力水平整体偏低,西缘北段沉积水体为缺氧滞留环境,西缘南段沉积水体深度较浅,缺氧程度较弱。综合分析认为,乌拉力克组页岩有机质富集受古海洋生产力和水体氧化还原环境的双重影响,古海洋生产力水平整体偏低是烃源岩有机质丰度偏低的主要原因,而局部区域的水体氧化还原环境对有机质的保存效率发挥着更显著的调控作用。

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张毅(1988—),男,博士,工程师,主要从事成烃生物和油气地质研究。地址:江苏省无锡市滨湖区蠡湖大道2060号,邮政编码:214126。E-mail:

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张毅(1988—),男,博士,工程师,主要从事成烃生物和油气地质研究。地址:江苏省无锡市滨湖区蠡湖大道2060号,邮政编码:214126。E-mail:

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张毅(1988—),男,博士,工程师,主要从事成烃生物和油气地质研究。地址:江苏省无锡市滨湖区蠡湖大道2060号,邮政编码:214126。E-mail:

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Acta Petrologica Sinica, 2015, 31(9): 2633-2654., articleTitle=Volcanic event records at the southwestern Ordos Basin: The message from geochemical and zircon U-Pb geochronology of K-bentonites from Pingliang Formation,Shaanxi and Gansu region, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322941725290922197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941725303505110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, companyId=1322941725290922197, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941725311893719, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, companyId=1322941725290922197, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所,江苏   无锡   214126)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322941725550969048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941725567746266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, companyId=1322941725550969048, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Sinopec Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941725576134875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, companyId=1322941725550969048, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国石化油气成藏重点实验室,江苏 无锡   214126)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322941725664215260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941725689381085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, companyId=1322941725664215260, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941725701963998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, companyId=1322941725664215260, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,江苏   无锡   214126)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322941725966205151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941725974593760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, companyId=1322941725966205151, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 Sinopec North China Oil and Gas Company, Zhengzhou, Henan 450006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941725982982369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, companyId=1322941725966205151, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 中国石化华北油气分公司,河南   郑州 450006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322941732047946019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Division of structural units and stratigraphic columns of Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=Kc19xwdo7GzQ+FAZJwKbxQ==, figureFileBig=MOd0WLuOepkD9KdiZMr6tQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941732110860580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=CN, label=图1, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地构造单元划分及剖面柱状图

注:Pterograptus elegans为精美翼笔石带,Diplograptus murchisoni为莫氏双笔石带,Nemagraptus gracilis为纤细丝笔石带,Climacograptus bicornis为双刺栅笔石带。

, figureFileSmall=Kc19xwdo7GzQ+FAZJwKbxQ==, figureFileBig=MOd0WLuOepkD9KdiZMr6tQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941732370907429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Characteristics of outcrop cross-sections, figureFileSmall=4UTZALkpfnmzqVBw9rUU7Q==, figureFileBig=p9RwX+3Lws3VgGmnWmjqBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941732479959335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=CN, label=图2, caption=野外剖面特征

注:a为石峡谷剖面克里莫里组薄板状灰岩;b为石峡谷剖面乌拉力克组底部角砾状灰岩;c为石峡谷剖面乌拉力克组底部黑色笔石页岩;d为银洞官庄剖面乌拉力克组底部黑灰色页岩;e为银洞官庄剖面乌拉力克组上部黄绿色页岩;f为角状古栅笔石,采自石峡谷剖面乌拉力克组。

, figureFileSmall=4UTZALkpfnmzqVBw9rUU7Q==, figureFileBig=p9RwX+3Lws3VgGmnWmjqBg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941732555456808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Photos of organic macerals and hydrocarbon-generating organisms in Ordos Basin Wulalike Formation, figureFileSmall=+NBK2WvoukkPnO7JrB7ksQ==, figureFileBig=vE5VYXkbFULbd0HfZRRO+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941732685480233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=CN, label=图3, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地乌拉力克组有机显微组分及成烃生物照片

注:a为银洞官庄剖面乌拉力克组,底栖藻碎片,单偏光;b为银洞官庄剖面乌拉力克组,光面球藻,单偏光;c—d为银洞官庄剖面乌拉力克组,光面球藻,扫描电镜;e—f为石峡谷剖面乌拉力克组,光面球藻,单偏光;g—h为石峡谷剖面乌拉力克组,藻类孢子囊,单偏光;i—j为石峡谷剖面乌拉力克组,笔石类化石,单偏光;k为石峡谷剖面乌拉力克组,放射虫化石,单偏光;l为银洞官庄剖面乌拉力克组,放射虫化石,单偏光。

, figureFileSmall=+NBK2WvoukkPnO7JrB7ksQ==, figureFileBig=vE5VYXkbFULbd0HfZRRO+g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941732786143530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Distribution characteristics of hydrocarbon-generating organism components in Shixiagu and Yindongguanzhuang cross-sections, Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=YdbMADf8a+7tzEQJT0d2HQ==, figureFileBig=DFZAAhEjX7Ydk8+qp9YaGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941732882612524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=CN, label=图4, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地石峡谷剖面与银洞官庄剖面成烃生物组分分布特征, figureFileSmall=YdbMADf8a+7tzEQJT0d2HQ==, figureFileBig=DFZAAhEjX7Ydk8+qp9YaGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941732974887213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Longitudinal distribution of paleoenvironmental indicators in Shixiagu and Yindongguanzhuang cross-sections,Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=HuxEF0kgSpvyQ5yaUzPpJQ==, figureFileBig=3ZI5gG34rWUK4qcXR1e/eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941733058773295, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=CN, label=图5, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地石峡谷剖面和银洞官庄剖面古环境指标纵向分布

注:ω(Cuxs)、ω(Znxs)、ω(Nixs)、ω(Uxs)、ω(Vxs)、ω(Crxs)分别为铜、锌、镍、铀、钒、铬生源值的质量分数。

, figureFileSmall=HuxEF0kgSpvyQ5yaUzPpJQ==, figureFileBig=3ZI5gG34rWUK4qcXR1e/eg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941733146853680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Correlation between total organic carbon content and paleoenvironmental indicators, figureFileSmall=vEHjkaApqPaCYiHoHfj2Uw==, figureFileBig=26njSkNSkN7CI2s6FOve2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941733247516977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=CN, label=图6, caption=总有机碳含量与古环境指标相关性, figureFileSmall=vEHjkaApqPaCYiHoHfj2Uw==, figureFileBig=26njSkNSkN7CI2s6FOve2w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941733323014450, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Source rock development pattern of Wulalike Formation in western margin of Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=AsO//ikXOiveAznGBUvgQA==, figureFileBig=ZavV+Nr8AEfOMD71GUdgAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941733381734707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=CN, label=图7, caption=鄂尔多斯盆地西缘乌拉力克组烃源岩发育模式, figureFileSmall=AsO//ikXOiveAznGBUvgQA==, figureFileBig=ZavV+Nr8AEfOMD71GUdgAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941733520146741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Organic geochemical characteristics of Wulalike Formation in Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
井号/剖面层位ω(TOC)/%(S1+S2)/(mg/g)Requ/%样品数备注
忠平1O3w(0.12~1.32)/0.63(0.09~1.63)/0.351.8650/50/10数据引自参考文献[8]
忠探1O3w(0.75~3.71)/1.48(0.07~0.59)/0.361.9016/5/4
梁探1O3w(0.14~0.74)/0.50(0.03~0.09)/0.061.9513/13/7
银探1O3w(0.67~1.52)/0.92(0.06~1.32)/1.031.8722/5/3
石峡谷O3w(0.36~1.09)/0.69(0~0.01)/0.011.2812/11/7

本研究

实测

O2k(0.10~1.07)/0.39(0~0.01)/0.011.2810/11/7
银洞官庄O3w(0.10~0.81)/0.43(0.03~3.58)/1.150.7318/17/7
), ArticleFig(id=1322941733595644214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

鄂尔多斯盆地乌拉力克组有机地球化学特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
井号/剖面层位ω(TOC)/%(S1+S2)/(mg/g)Requ/%样品数备注
忠平1O3w(0.12~1.32)/0.63(0.09~1.63)/0.351.8650/50/10数据引自参考文献[8]
忠探1O3w(0.75~3.71)/1.48(0.07~0.59)/0.361.9016/5/4
梁探1O3w(0.14~0.74)/0.50(0.03~0.09)/0.061.9513/13/7
银探1O3w(0.67~1.52)/0.92(0.06~1.32)/1.031.8722/5/3
石峡谷O3w(0.36~1.09)/0.69(0~0.01)/0.011.2812/11/7

本研究

实测

O2k(0.10~1.07)/0.39(0~0.01)/0.011.2810/11/7
银洞官庄O3w(0.10~0.81)/0.43(0.03~3.58)/1.150.7318/17/7
), ArticleFig(id=1322941733704696119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Partial trace element data of samples from Shixiagu and Yindongguanzhuang cross-sections in Ordos Basin, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号地质年代ω(Ti)/%ω(Ni)/(µg/g)ω(Zn)/(µg/g)ω(Cu)/(µg/g)ω(U)/(µg/g)ω(V)/(µg/g)ω(Cr)/(µg/g)
WHSX-24O3l0.2859.5869.7932.952.5392.1270.33
WHSX-23O3l0.2864.9064.8435.132.55106.6276.57
WHSX-22O3w0.2548.8557.3442.523.32151.4183.11
WHSX-21O3w0.1535.2929.2331.792.81109.3553.16
WHSX-19O3w0.2068.07143.8050.745.14218.3874.51
WHSX-18O3w0.1725.6211.2271.414.40160.0469.73
WHSX-16O3w0.1657.68156.5249.094.36407.1054.52
WHSX-15O3w0.1664.7972.4943.643.38339.1951.26
WHSX-14O3w0.1365.7673.4738.873.55251.9243.94
WHSX-13O3w0.1173.40185.0234.654.83116.9937.70
WHSX-12O3w0.1262.8647.0628.053.09165.2137.17
WHSX-10O2k0.1262.2145.1737.253.30203.6944.94
WHSX-9O2k0.2467.8587.9663.687.32369.0586.55
WHSX-8O2k0.1148.9639.8530.304.21112.0944.76
WHSX-6O2k0.0242.6421.693.990.9610.749.18
WHSX-4O2k0.0427.3921.007.051.0317.8915.97
WHSX-3O2k0.0138.9013.323.590.587.307.07
WHSX-1O2k0.1241.9427.0820.402.0857.0537.49
YDGZ-17O3w0.1823.1040.2741.291.9488.7443.17
YDGZ-16O3w0.018.722.264.361.224.935.09
YDGZ-15O3w0.1215.8620.5524.271.3652.8726.27
YDGZ-14O3w0.0611.5017.059.101.6721.5610.96
YDGZ-13O3w0.1219.4433.7825.031.6753.1830.51
YDGZ-12O3w0.1929.8149.3038.932.2892.5747.23
YDGZ-11O3w0.0712.1818.8210.471.6226.8814.65
YDGZ-10O3w0.018.000.832.632.245.805.13
YDGZ-9O3w0.2133.8861.2639.622.7484.3148.49
YDGZ-8O3w0.3032.3245.2333.373.56100.4059.95
YDGZ-7O3w0.1923.30105.8856.752.2576.7237.63
YDGZ-6O3w0.1730.7944.9334.462.1972.1240.35
YDGZ-5O3w0.039.136.855.002.2511.538.02
YDGZ-4O3w0.1630.9026.5233.702.3266.2335.68
YDGZ-3O3w0.1925.7141.7829.702.8284.4640.26
YDGZ-2O3w0.2037.5128.4839.443.2085.6544.91
YDGZ-1O3w0.1925.1353.2734.582.7281.6942.34
), ArticleFig(id=1322941733801165113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

鄂尔多斯盆地石峡谷剖面与银洞官庄剖面样品部分微量元素数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号地质年代ω(Ti)/%ω(Ni)/(µg/g)ω(Zn)/(µg/g)ω(Cu)/(µg/g)ω(U)/(µg/g)ω(V)/(µg/g)ω(Cr)/(µg/g)
WHSX-24O3l0.2859.5869.7932.952.5392.1270.33
WHSX-23O3l0.2864.9064.8435.132.55106.6276.57
WHSX-22O3w0.2548.8557.3442.523.32151.4183.11
WHSX-21O3w0.1535.2929.2331.792.81109.3553.16
WHSX-19O3w0.2068.07143.8050.745.14218.3874.51
WHSX-18O3w0.1725.6211.2271.414.40160.0469.73
WHSX-16O3w0.1657.68156.5249.094.36407.1054.52
WHSX-15O3w0.1664.7972.4943.643.38339.1951.26
WHSX-14O3w0.1365.7673.4738.873.55251.9243.94
WHSX-13O3w0.1173.40185.0234.654.83116.9937.70
WHSX-12O3w0.1262.8647.0628.053.09165.2137.17
WHSX-10O2k0.1262.2145.1737.253.30203.6944.94
WHSX-9O2k0.2467.8587.9663.687.32369.0586.55
WHSX-8O2k0.1148.9639.8530.304.21112.0944.76
WHSX-6O2k0.0242.6421.693.990.9610.749.18
WHSX-4O2k0.0427.3921.007.051.0317.8915.97
WHSX-3O2k0.0138.9013.323.590.587.307.07
WHSX-1O2k0.1241.9427.0820.402.0857.0537.49
YDGZ-17O3w0.1823.1040.2741.291.9488.7443.17
YDGZ-16O3w0.018.722.264.361.224.935.09
YDGZ-15O3w0.1215.8620.5524.271.3652.8726.27
YDGZ-14O3w0.0611.5017.059.101.6721.5610.96
YDGZ-13O3w0.1219.4433.7825.031.6753.1830.51
YDGZ-12O3w0.1929.8149.3038.932.2892.5747.23
YDGZ-11O3w0.0712.1818.8210.471.6226.8814.65
YDGZ-10O3w0.018.000.832.632.245.805.13
YDGZ-9O3w0.2133.8861.2639.622.7484.3148.49
YDGZ-8O3w0.3032.3245.2333.373.56100.4059.95
YDGZ-7O3w0.1923.30105.8856.752.2576.7237.63
YDGZ-6O3w0.1730.7944.9334.462.1972.1240.35
YDGZ-5O3w0.039.136.855.002.2511.538.02
YDGZ-4O3w0.1630.9026.5233.702.3266.2335.68
YDGZ-3O3w0.1925.7141.7829.702.8284.4640.26
YDGZ-2O3w0.2037.5128.4839.443.2085.6544.91
YDGZ-1O3w0.1925.1353.2734.582.7281.6942.34
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成烃生物特征及烃源岩发育影响因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地乌拉力克组为例
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张毅 1, 2, 3 , 万俊雨 1, 2, 3 , 刘子驿 1, 2, 3 , 朱建辉 1, 2, 3 , 李春堂 4 , 张威 4 , 王萍 1, 2, 3
油气藏评价与开发 | 油气勘探 2026,16(3): 544-555
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油气藏评价与开发 |油气勘探 2026 , 16 (3) : 544 -555
成烃生物特征及烃源岩发育影响因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地乌拉力克组为例
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3 State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1322941726385635560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941719725080764, authorId=1322941726062674147, language=CN, stringName=张毅, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, 3, address=1 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所,江苏   无锡   214126
2 中国石化油气成藏重点实验室,江苏 无锡   214126
3 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,江苏   无锡   214126, bio={"content":"

张毅(1988—),男,博士,工程师,主要从事成烃生物和油气地质研究。地址:江苏省无锡市滨湖区蠡湖大道2060号,邮政编码:214126。E-mail:

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张毅(1988—),男,博士,工程师,主要从事成烃生物和油气地质研究。地址:江苏省无锡市滨湖区蠡湖大道2060号,邮政编码:214126。E-mail:

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张毅1, 2, 3 , 万俊雨1, 2, 3, 刘子驿1, 2, 3, 朱建辉1, 2, 3, 李春堂4, 张威4, 王萍1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所,江苏   无锡   214126
  • 2 中国石化油气成藏重点实验室,江苏 无锡   214126
  • 3 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,江苏   无锡   214126
  • 4 中国石化华北油气分公司,河南   郑州 450006
作者简介:

张毅(1988—),男,博士,工程师,主要从事成烃生物和油气地质研究。地址:江苏省无锡市滨湖区蠡湖大道2060号,邮政编码:214126。E-mail:

Characteristics of hydrocarbon-generating organisms and influencing factors of source rock development: A case study of Wulalike Formation, Ordos Basin
YI ZHANG1, 2, 3 , JUNYU WAN1, 2, 3, ZIYI LIU1, 2, 3, JIANHUI ZHU1, 2, 3, CHUNTANG LI4, WEI ZHANG4, PING WANG1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1 Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
  • 2 Sinopec Key Laboratory of Hydrocarbon Accumulation, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
  • 3 State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214126, China
  • 4 Sinopec North China Oil and Gas Company, Zhengzhou, Henan 450006, China
出版时间: 2026-05-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025487
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鄂尔多斯盆地  /  乌拉力克组  /  页岩  /  成烃生物  /  烃源岩
Ordos Basin  /  Wulalike Formation  /  shale  /  hydrocarbon-generating organisms  /  source rock
张毅, 万俊雨, 刘子驿, 朱建辉, 李春堂, 张威, 王萍. 成烃生物特征及烃源岩发育影响因素——以鄂尔多斯盆地乌拉力克组为例. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (3) : 544 -555 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025487
YI ZHANG, JUNYU WAN, ZIYI LIU, JIANHUI ZHU, CHUNTANG LI, WEI ZHANG, PING WANG. Characteristics of hydrocarbon-generating organisms and influencing factors of source rock development: A case study of Wulalike Formation, Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (3) : 544 -555 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025487
目前,海相页岩气已成为中国天然气增储上产的重要领域之一。四川盆地除涪陵、威远、长宁等页岩气田实现规模化商业开发外,太阳山地区浅层页岩气、丁山—东溪地区深层页岩气也取得了勘探突破,展示了南方海相页岩气良好的勘探前景[1-4]。鄂尔多斯盆地西缘发育上奥陶统乌拉力克组笔石页岩,该套页岩是中国北方页岩气勘探开发的核心目标。近年来,乌拉力克组海相页岩气勘探取得重大突破,中国石油长庆油田多口井试气获气流响应,部分井获低产气流。其中,忠4井试气获得4.18×104 m3/d工业气流,忠平1井试气获得井口无阻流量26.48×104 m3/d高产气流,且该井实现94 d持续稳产;马家滩、棋盘井地区亦有多口钻井获高产工业气流,该区域已落实2个含气富集区[5-7]。中国石化华北油气分公司宁古1井钻遇灰质页岩50 m,气测全烃净增值达0.98%,该井钻遇的灰质页岩段亦有望成为新的勘探突破点。
“乌拉力克组”页岩在鄂尔多斯盆地西缘呈“L”型分布。乌海—同心一带沿用“乌拉力克组”命名;平凉—陇县—岐山一带称作“平凉组”。前人研究认为,该组页岩有机质丰度高、类型好,具备优质烃源岩潜力[8-9]。尽管针对乌拉力克组页岩气勘探已初有成效,但该领域研究起步较晚,关于这套优质烃源岩特征及成因的系统研究较为薄弱,整体仍处于探索阶段。成烃生物作为油气原始物质来源,具有鲜明的时代特征和环境特异性,在油气勘探领域具有重要意义[10]。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北段石峡谷剖面和南段银洞官庄剖面的乌拉力克组页岩为研究对象,拟系统开展烃源岩地球化学特征分析、成烃生物组成识别及烃源岩沉积模式等研究,为盆地西缘海相页岩气勘探取得突破提供理论支撑。
鄂尔多斯盆地是发育在华北克拉通西部基底上的一个稳定沉降、凹陷迁移、扭动明显的多旋回叠合含油气盆地[11-14]。目前,在石油地质界及生产实践中,该盆地划分为6个一级构造单元:伊盟隆起、渭北隆起、西缘冲断构造带、晋西挠褶带、天环凹陷及伊陕斜坡(图1a)。鄂尔多斯盆地的构造和沉积演化史复杂,中奥陶世盆地主体与西缘、西南缘发生显著沉积分异:主体部分继承性发育区域性碳酸盐台地相沉积,西南缘则主要发育台地边缘礁、台地前缘斜坡及深水斜坡—海槽相沉积。奥陶纪末期的加里东运动使鄂尔多斯盆地主体抬升成陆,遭受风化剥蚀,而盆地西南缘仍持续接受沉积,沉积厚度一般为数百米,最大厚度可达1 000 m[14-15]。
本次研究以盆地西缘北段石峡谷剖面和西缘南段银洞官庄剖面为研究对象(图1a)。石峡谷剖面是鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北段的一条重要代表性剖面,自下而上依次发育中奥陶统桌子山组(O2z)、克里摩里组(O2k),上奥陶统乌拉力克组(O3w)、拉什仲组(O3l)(图1b)。本剖面克里摩里组以薄板状灰岩为主(图2a),顶部发育黑色笔石页岩;乌拉力克组整体为黑色笔石页岩(图2c),底部发育厚约1 m的角砾状灰岩(图2b),拉什仲组为灰黄色粉砂质泥岩。银洞官庄剖面位于甘肃省平凉市银洞官庄一带,仅发育上奥陶统平凉组(O3p)(图1c),是平凉组的正层型剖面。该剖面以浅灰褐色块状砾屑灰岩为标志层,其下部主要为灰黑色泥岩,偶夹薄层灰色灰岩,含笔石(图2d、图2f);砾屑灰岩上部为灰色钙质粉砂岩、灰色灰岩及黄绿—灰绿色页岩(图2e)。
银洞官庄剖面作为上奥陶统底界金钉子候选剖面,前人已对其开展过系统的生物地层学研究[16-17]。该剖面笔石生物带自下而上可划分为Nemagraptus gracilis(纤细丝笔石)带和Climacograptus bicornis(双刺栅笔石)带。其中,Nemagraptus gracilis带是上奥陶统桑比阶首个笔石带,其底界与平凉组(乌拉力克组)底部相吻合。受近年来乌拉力克组海相页岩气勘探取得突破的影响,已有学者针对鄂尔多斯盆地西缘的笔石地层开展研究。陈旭等[19]将乌海地区大石门剖面的笔石带自下而上划分为Pterograptus elegans(精美翼笔石)带、Didymograptus murchisoni(莫氏双笔石)带和Nemagraptus gracilis带。其中,Didymograptus murchisoni带为中奥陶统达瑞威尔阶最顶部的笔石带,其与上覆的Nemagraptus gracilis带界线,位于乌拉力克组底部含砾灰岩之上3 m处。综合分析表明,鄂尔多斯盆地西缘北段乌拉力克组与南段平凉组(以下统称为乌拉力克组)的底部为同期沉积物,均归属于上奥陶统桑比阶底部的Nemagraptus gracilis带。
本次研究采集了石峡谷剖面25件样品(涵盖O2k、O3w、O3l层位)及银洞官剖面庄17件样品,对所有样品开展残余总有机碳(TOC)含量、全岩岩石热解,同时对部分典型样品开展笔石反射率及微量金属元素测试。上述测试均在中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所完成,测试流程均严格遵循相关国家标准或行业标准。
此外,本次研究对2条剖面样品开展的成烃生物研究,镜下分析主要采用岩石薄片观察和扫描电子显微镜观察2种方法。其中,岩石薄片观察采用徕卡DM4500P偏光/荧光显微镜;扫描电子显微镜观察采用荷兰FEI公司QUANTA 200型扫描电子显微镜。样品处理流程为:将样品破碎成2~3 cm小块,选取上下表面平整的新鲜岩块进行镀导电膜处理,随后将样品放入扫描电镜样品室进行成烃生物观察。
最新钻井、地震资料和笔石鉴定结果表明:乌拉力克组整体厚度分布稳定,呈“北厚南薄”的特征,盆地西缘北段厚度介于80~120 m;中段厚度显著减薄,约为40~60 m;南段厚度则稳定在100 m左右(图1a)[7-9]。乌拉力克组烃源岩多发育于该组底部,岩性以黑色笔石页岩为主,为广海陆棚相沉积产物[7]。
目前,岩石中总有机碳含量与生烃潜量(S1+S2)是反映样品有机质丰度的常用指标。TOC含量是烃源岩评价的一个重要指标,同时作为页岩生气的物质基础,决定了页岩的生烃强度。席胜利等[7]研究发现,鄂尔多斯盆地西缘乌拉力克组钻井样品的TOC含量介于0.12%~3.71%,生烃潜量(S1+S2)介于0.03~1.63 mg/g (表1)。
地球化学测试结果显示,石峡谷剖面页岩TOC含量分布介于0.10%~1.09%。其中,克里莫里组顶部平均值为0.39%;乌拉力克组页岩平均值为0.69%;银洞官庄剖面乌拉力克组页岩TOC含量介于0.10%~0.81%,平均值为0.43%。热解数据显示:石峡谷剖面(S1+S2)较低,平均值为0.01 mg/g;银洞官庄剖面(S1+S2)介于0.03~3.58 mg/g,平均值为1.15 mg/g(表1)。
镜质体反射率(Ro)是评估有机质成熟度的重要指标。然而,镜质体主要来源于志留纪以来才出现的高等植物的木质素,下古生界样品往往无法采用Ro表征其有机质成熟度。王晔等[20]对四川盆地五峰组—龙马溪组笔石页岩的成熟度研究提出,当笔石类化石随机反射率小于4%时,其数值分布较为集中,该指标更适合作为下古生界样品有机质成熟度的评价指标。
BERTRAND等[21]以加拿大Gaspe Belt古生界海相地层页岩为研究对象,系统分析了笔石反射率和Ro的等效关系,并建立了笔石反射率小于3%条件下的换算公式。鄂尔多斯盆地乌拉力克组同样为海相页岩,且笔者通过镜下观察发现了大尺寸笔石颗粒(图3i、图3j)。因此,本次研究采用该换算公式计算等效镜质体反射率,以此评价研究区样品的有机质成熟度,具体换算公式为:
Requ=0.937 6×GRo +0.027 8
式中:Requ为等效镜质体反射率,%;GRo 为实测笔石反射率,%。
结果显示:石峡谷地区乌拉力克组Requ介于0.99%~1.44%,平均值为1.28%;银洞官庄地区Requ平均值为0.73%(表1),整体处于成熟—高成熟阶段。
前人研究认为,乌拉力克组干酪根δ13C介于-26.50‰~-32.32‰,有机显微组分以腐泥组和动物有机组分为主,壳质组含量较少,干酪根类型整体为Ⅰ—Ⅱ1型[5,22]。尽管多数学者认为乌拉力克组页岩富含笔石[5,22],但鲜有学者对其成烃生物类型及其组合开展系统研究。
成烃生物是油气形成的原始母质,也是海相优质烃源岩发育的物质基础,其组成特征可直接影响烃源岩有机质的类型和丰度[23]。本文通过岩石光薄片观察、干酪根涂片镜下鉴定及扫描电镜分析发现,乌拉力克组成烃生物以浮游藻类(疑源类)和笔石类为主,伴生少量底栖藻碎片和藻类孢子囊。底栖藻个体较大,本次研究仅发现个别底栖藻碎片,形状不规则,直径大于100 μm,单偏光下呈深棕色,隐约可见组织结构(图3a)。浮游藻为有机质壁化石,个体较小,多呈圆球状至椭球状,生烃潜力较强,主要包括:光面球藻(Leiosphaeridia)(图3b—图3d),直径约50 μm,光滑圆球状,单偏光下呈淡黄色,扫描电镜背散射环境下呈黑色,表现出碳质膜壳的特征,化石边缘可见少量褶皱;部分光面球藻化石具有瘤状突起,因受到压实作用呈椭圆形,直径50~100 μm,单偏光下为棕色(图3e—图3f)。藻类孢子囊主要为圆球状,但个体较小,直径约20~30 μm,单偏光下为深棕色,可呈串珠状集群产出(图3g—图3h)。
笔石类动物在奥陶纪海洋生物群落中占据重要地位,其壳体主要由高分子蛋白质构成,在成熟度较低时是优质的生烃母质[24],本次研究中发现,笔石壳体单偏光下为黑色,宽度介于10~40 μm,长度一般超过100 μm,且可见清晰的分段结构。此外,部分样品中发现大量放射虫化石,放射虫呈圆球状或近圆球状,个体直径约100 μm,呈集群状产出(图3k—图3l)。
从成烃生物演化趋势来看(图4),克里摩里组以藻类碎片为主,且底栖藻碎片含量大于浮游藻碎片,这一特征可能和动荡的浅水环境相关,克里摩里组顶部出现浮游藻碎片和笔石,指示水体逐渐加深的变化趋势。乌拉力克组底部及平凉组底部,即烃源岩发育核心层段,成烃生物整体以浮游藻类体及其碎片为主,部分样品中伴生适量笔石类和放射虫化石,底栖藻较少,表明此时海水进一步加深导致底层水体含氧量下降,底栖生物难以生存。乌拉力克组顶部至拉什仲组(平凉组中上部)浮游藻含量减少,底栖藻碎片与笔石含量逐渐增加,指示海平面逐渐下降,水体含氧量随之逐渐升高。
纵观整个剖面,鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘乌拉力克组成烃生物丰度较高,但种类较为单一,以光面球藻的繁盛发育为特征,不同的研究方法均证实该藻属的普遍存在。此类低分异度、高丰度的成烃生物组合可见于上扬子地区龙马溪组第8小层[25]。
沉积有机碳埋藏以及烃源岩有机质保存受到多种因素控制,一般认为古海洋的氧化还原环境与生产力在有机质沉积和埋藏过程中均起到关键性作用。烃源岩研究中常选用微量元素含量或比值作为古海洋环境的代用指标,使用时应注意对微量元素的陆源成分进行扣除,公式为:
Exs=Etotal-ω(Titotal)×(E/ω(Ti))PAAS 
式中:Exs为某元素非陆源成分的质量分数,%;Etotal为实验测得该元素的总质量分数,%;ω(Ti)为实测Ti元素的质量分数,%;(E/ω(Ti))PAAS 为后太古宙澳大利亚页岩中该元素与Ti质量分数的比值[26]。
铀(U)、钒(V)等氧化还原敏感元素常被用来表征古水体氧化还原环境:氧化环境的水体中,这类元素以溶解态存在;当水体转为还原状态时,则形成沉淀保存进入沉积物[27-28]。此外,还有部分敏感元素与非敏感元素的比值也常用来表征水体氧化还原环境,如V/Cr比值:当V/Cr比值小于2.00时,水体处于氧化环境;大于4.25时,水体处于缺氧环境;介于2.00~4.25,为次氧化环境[29]。海洋生产力是指海洋通过同化作用合成有机物的能力,是烃源岩形成和发育的重要物质基础。铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、镍(Ni)等元素在氧化的水体中与有机质或铁锰氧化物共生,当有机质被分解后,这些元素会释放至孔隙水中,随后在缺氧条件下形成各自的硫化物而沉积下来,所以Cu、Zn、Ni常用来表征还原条件下沉积的黑色页岩所对应的古海洋生产力[30]。
利用VISTA MPX电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES),对石峡谷剖面与银洞官庄剖面样品开展了元素地球化学分析,相关的微量元素数据见表2。
石峡谷剖面地球化学指标变化趋势可分为3段(图5a):Ⅰ段各项指标参数均较低,古生产力指标铜、锌、镍生源值(Cuxs、Znxs、Nixs)质量分数平均值为7.7、19.1、34.4 µg/g,氧化还原指标铀、钒生源值(Uxs、Vxs)质量分数平均值为1.4、22.8 µg/g,Vxs/Crxs比值平均值为1.53,指示较低的古生产力和氧化—次氧化的水体环境;Ⅱ段为各指标高值区,Cuxs、Znxs、Nixs质量分数平均值为33.5、70.8、46.7 µg/g,Uxs、Vxs质量分数平均值为3.6、209.1 µg/g,Vxs/Crxs比值平均为7.7,此段古生产力相对较高,处于缺氧的水体环境,也是本剖面TOC含量的高值;Ⅲ段各指标再度回落至低值区间,Cuxs、Znxs、Nixs质量分数平均值为15.7、21.4、30.3 µg/g,Uxs质量分数平均值为1.56 µg/g,Vxs/Crxs比值介于1.1~2.7,指示此段古生产力较低,沉积环境为次氧化至氧化。
银洞官庄剖面各项地球化学指标变化趋势可分为2段(图5b),Ⅰ段为TOC含量高值段,各项指标含量也较高,Cuxs质量分数分布范围为8.0~41.0 µg/g,Znxs质量分数介于0.5~78.9 µg/g,Nixs质量分数介于4.4~15.9 µg/g,平均值分别为18.9、20.2、10.9 µg/g;氧化还原指标Uxs、Vxs质量分数平均值分别为1.7、28.2 µg/g。II段各项指标含量均有所降低,Cuxs、Znxs、Nixs质量分数平均值降低至11.5、10.5、7.2 µg/g,氧化还原指标Uxs、Vxs质量分数平均值也降低至1.2、19.2 µg/g。但从Vxs/Crxs比值和Vxs/(Vxs+Nixs)比值来看,剖面下段水体氧化还原环境比较稳定,基本处于次氧化—缺氧状态,剖面上段环境变化较大,在氧化至缺氧环境之间波动。
有机质是油气生成的物质基础,烃源岩的形成与有机质的富集过程紧密相关。前人针对中国多套主力海相烃源岩的研究表明,有机质富集主要受古海洋氧化还原环境和古生产力的控制[31-34]。张艳妮等[33]采用元素地球化学方法分析了乌拉力克组页岩的沉积环境,认为乌拉力克组沉积期水体为缺氧且强滞留的环境,但整体古生产力水平较低,这与本文的成烃生物研究结果相一致。乌拉力克组疑源类分异度低但丰度高,以光面球藻(Leiosphaeridia)为代表的浮游藻是成烃生物的主要组成部分(图4),这与四川盆地龙马溪组第8小层的主要成烃生物类型相似。五峰组及龙马溪组底部(第1、3小层)具有高TOC含量、高古生产力的特点,其成烃生物组合亦表现出高分异度、高丰度的特征;而龙马溪组上部(第8小层)TOC含量显著降低,成烃生物演化为以光面球藻为主体的组合[25],这可能是由于较低的古生产力水平难以支撑复杂的生态系统,导致古海水中的浮游藻类的种类进一步减少。
为进一步探讨古海洋氧化还原环境与古生产力对乌拉力克组有机质保存的影响,本文选取典型地球化学指标与TOC含量进行相关性分析。结果表明,TOC含量与Cuxs和Znxs等古生产力指标具有一定相关性,而与表征氧化还原环境的Vxs和Uxs的相关性更显著(图6)。这说明古生产力和氧化还原环境均会影响页岩TOC含量,且有机质保存主要受氧化还原条件的控制。综合分析认为,乌拉力克组沉积期古海洋古生产力水平偏低,同时由沉积期氧化还原条件的分异作用,是该组样品TOC含量整体偏低的主要原因。
烃源岩的沉积过程和发育特征受地质历史时期特定环境的影响。针对目前已成功实现商业开发的五峰组—龙马溪组页岩,中国学者已开展大量研究,普遍认为该套烃源岩沉积于滞留、缺氧且古生产力水平较高的水体环境[34-35]。同时,火山活动对五峰组—龙马溪期古海洋的高古生产力和强还原环境具有明显的促进作用:一方面,火山灰可以提供营养物质,促进海洋生物繁盛,提升古生产力;另一方面,高频次的火山活动有利于水体缺氧环境的形成[36]。
晚奥陶世时期,加里东运动导致鄂尔多斯盆地主体隆升为陆,并长期遭受风化剥蚀,仅盆地西缘仍持续接受沉积。盆地西缘北段和中段由碳酸盐台地前缘斜坡快速过渡为大陆斜坡—深水盆地沉积相,南段则发育具有生物礁镶边的台地型沉积体系。在内蒙古乌海地区,乌拉力克组岩性均为黑色笔石页岩,代表了一套水体稳定的深水海槽相沉积;在甘肃平凉地区,该组岩性以泥页岩、泥质粉砂岩和泥晶灰岩为主,代表了大陆斜坡—海槽相沉积[14-15]。
王振涛等[37]在鄂尔多斯盆地南缘多个剖面均发现火山活动相关的沉积记录,这表明该地区在晚奥陶世受北秦岭及北祁连火山弧喷发的影响。虽然火山活动可能为古海洋提供一定的营养元素,但盆地西缘南段的平凉银洞官庄剖面沉积位置靠近庆阳古陆,沉积水体偏浅(有机质成熟度较低,约为0.76%),且古海洋环境缺氧程度较盆地西缘更弱(银洞官庄剖面Uxs和Vxs质量分数均低于石峡谷剖面),导致大量有机质被分解。盆地西缘北段位于中央古隆起西侧,远离盆地西南缘北祁连或北秦岭海,距离火山喷发区较远,受火山灰影响较弱,且石峡谷剖面亦未发现明显的火山活动遗迹。此外,石峡谷剖面乌拉力克组整体为陆棚相深水沉积,缺氧且强滞留的水体环境虽有利于有机质保存,但也导致古陆和海底洋流携带的营养物质供给不足,限制了古海洋生产力水平的提升(图7)。
综上所述,乌拉力克组页岩有机质的保存主要受控于古生产力和沉积保存条件(即氧化还原环境)。研究区古生产力水平偏低,导致乌拉力克组页岩样品的TOC含量整体不高,成烃生物类型相对单一,亦可佐证其古生产力水平较低。在此背景下,古海洋氧化还原环境对有机质保存的影响更为显著,局部区域发育的缺氧环境可以进一步促进有机质保存。
1)鄂尔多斯盆地西南缘乌拉力克组烃源岩TOC含量较低(平均0.43%~1.48%),原始生烃潜量较差(S1+S2平均0.01~1.15 mg/g),成熟度整体处于成熟—高成熟阶段(平均约0.70%~1.95%),总体生烃潜力较低。
2)乌拉力克组成烃生物包含浮游藻、笔石、底栖藻和藻类孢子囊,个别样品中可见球形放射虫;烃源岩层段的成烃生物组合以浮游藻、笔石、放射虫为主。该组成烃生物整体丰度较高,但种类较为单一。
3)微量元素指标与成烃生物分析结果表明,乌拉力克组烃源岩沉积于古海洋低古生产力、缺氧的环境中。有机质富集受古生产力和氧化还原环境的共同控制,其中古海洋低生产力是导致该组有机质丰度低的主要原因。在此背景下,局部水体的氧化还原环境对有机质的保存效应影响更为显著。

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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025487
  • 接收时间:2025-11-19
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-05-26
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    1 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所,江苏   无锡   214126
    2 中国石化油气成藏重点实验室,江苏 无锡   214126
    3 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,江苏   无锡   214126
    4 中国石化华北油气分公司,河南   郑州 450006
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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