Article(id=1322942278607708958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025450, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1768147200000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343618299, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1779724800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343618299, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343618299, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343618299, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941718441623734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='3', pageStart='489', pageEnd='736', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779724800000', pubDateStr='2026-05-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343484745, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344165564, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944574066402279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944574070596584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=684, endPage=693, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322942278863561503, articleId=1322942278607708958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Study on a new method of well pattern reconstruction for ultra-high water cut reservoirs: A case study of Nanguan 3-4 reservoir in western area of Gudao, columnId=1322941693024141328, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Development, runingTitle=null, highlight=

During the ultra-high water cut development stage, the remaining oil in the reservoir is scattered, and the adaptability of the existing injection-production well pattern to the oil-water distribution system gradually decreases, resulting in poor development performance. To solve this problem, a well pattern reconstruction method combining existing wells and new wells was proposed, which specifically included five steps. (1) Based on reservoir physical properties and the heterogeneity characteristics of oil-water distribution, the reservoir was divided into multiple irregular injection-production units using cluster analysis. (2) For each irregular injection-production unit, the production wells were deployed at the center of the remaining oil reserves, and a quantitative calculation method for the reserve center was established. (3) Using the grid search algorithm, with the maximization of recoverable remaining oil reserves controlled by the injection-production unit as the optimization objective, the candidate well locations for injection wells in each irregular injection-production unit were determined. Taking the minimum inter-well distance as the constraint, the injection well deployment scheme for the entire reservoir was finally determined through gradual thinning optimization of injection wells. (4) Considering the overall cost of well pattern reconstruction, an evaluation system for the matching degree between the ideal reconstructed well pattern and the existing well pattern was established. Existing wells with high matching degree were directly utilized, partially matching existing wells were sidetracked and modified, and a small number of new wells were additionally deployed to construct a new type of efficient reconstructed well pattern system. (5) The fluid production of each unit was allocated based on the proportion of remaining oil reserves controlled by each irregular injection-production unit, and the water injection rate of each injection well was allocated based on the core principle of injection-production balance. The method was applied to the Nanguan 3-4 reservoir in the western area of Gudao. Numerical simulation results showed that compared with the original well pattern under the same cumulative injection-production volume, the comprehensive water cut of the reservoir after reconstruction decreased by 0.94%, and the recovery efficiency increased by 4.87%. The study shows that the well pattern reconstruction method is scientific and feasible, providing theoretical support and technical reference for well pattern adjustment in ultra-high water cut reservoirs.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=LIJIE LIU1, DESHUO TAO1, JIANXIN TANG2, YINGSONG HUANG1, YINGXIA YU1, YUANYUAN JIA1, JIANWEI GU3, MINGWEN ZHANG3, authorsList=LIJIE LIU, DESHUO TAO, JIANXIN TANG, YINGSONG HUANG, YINGXIA YU, YUANYUAN JIA, JIANWEI GU, MINGWEN ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322942282772652854, articleId=1322942278607708958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=特高含水油藏井网重构新方法研究——以孤岛西区南馆3-4油藏为例, columnId=1322941693259022355, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气开发, runingTitle=null, highlight=

特高含水开发期油藏地下剩余油分布零散,现有注采井网对油水分布体系的适应性逐步下降,导致开发效果不佳。针对该问题,提出一种老井与新井相结合的井网重构方法,具体包括5个步骤:①基于储层物性和油水分布非均质特征,采用聚类分析方法将油藏划分为多个不规则注采单元;②针对每个不规则注采单元,将生产井部署于剩余油储量中心,并建立储量中心量化计算方法;③运用网格搜索算法,以注采单元控制的剩余油可采储量最大化为优化目标,确定各不规则注采单元的注水井候选井位;以最小井间距离为约束条件,通过注水井逐步抽稀优化,最终确定整个油藏的注水井部署方案;④结合井网重构整体成本,建立理想重构井网与现有井网的匹配度评价体系,对匹配度高的老井直接利用,对部分匹配的老井进行侧钻改造,同时辅助部署少量新井,构建新型高效重构井网体系;⑤以各不规则注采单元控制的剩余油储量比例为依据,分配单元产液量;以注采平衡为核心原则,分配各注水井注水量。将该方法应用于孤岛西区南馆3-4油藏,数值模拟结果表明:与原井网在相同累积注采量条件下相比,重构后油藏综合含水率降低0.94%,采收率提高4.87%。研究表明,该井网重构方法科学可行,可为特高含水油藏井网调整提供理论支撑与技术参考。

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刘丽杰(1982—),女,硕士,副研究员,从事油田开发理论技术研究与实践。地址:山东省东营市东营区聊城路2号,邮政编码:257015。E-mail:

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Applied Soft Computing, 2024, 154: 111362., articleTitle=Grid search with a weighted error function: Hyper-parameter optimization for financial time series forecasting, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322942282999145271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942283007533880, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, companyId=1322942282999145271, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Exploration and Development Research Institute, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company, Dongying, Shandong 257015, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942283015922489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, companyId=1322942282999145271, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国石化胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院,山东   东营 257015)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322942283158528826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942283171111739, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, companyId=1322942283158528826, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Sinopec East China Oil & Gas Company, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942283179500348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, companyId=1322942283158528826, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国石化华东油气分公司,江苏   南京 210019)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322942283246609213, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942283254997822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, companyId=1322942283246609213, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942283263386431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, companyId=1322942283246609213, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院,山东   青岛 266580)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322942287768068978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Results of clustering division of injection-production units, figureFileSmall=TXTYpn/eMWKrdKbn9mwglQ==, figureFileBig=LqoinZEVs7ZQJoN/5/cchw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942287826789235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=CN, label=图1, caption=注采单元聚类划分结果

注:不同颜色仅用于区分各注采单元。

, figureFileSmall=TXTYpn/eMWKrdKbn9mwglQ==, figureFileBig=LqoinZEVs7ZQJoN/5/cchw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942288019727220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Results of primary clustering division, figureFileSmall=a3M9OGmdR2GIKdAS0Kytmw==, figureFileBig=M5D1yHpkc5lVPq5nRxjECA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942289710031733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=CN, label=图2, caption=一次聚类划分结果, figureFileSmall=a3M9OGmdR2GIKdAS0Kytmw==, figureFileBig=M5D1yHpkc5lVPq5nRxjECA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942289798112118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Results of secondary clustering division, figureFileSmall=KBWkH0lkHDe6PgxXzCr9NQ==, figureFileBig=+67XlesTy2oUI7CHAxmZLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942289856832375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=CN, label=图3, caption=二次聚类划分结果, figureFileSmall=KBWkH0lkHDe6PgxXzCr9NQ==, figureFileBig=+67XlesTy2oUI7CHAxmZLA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942289919746936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Oil saturation distribution in irregular units, figureFileSmall=x+sqhfykpkRI0CNj9vyNqw==, figureFileBig=2dzNhgIG/bghtdDUqeBv9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942289982661497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不规则单元含油饱和度分布, figureFileSmall=x+sqhfykpkRI0CNj9vyNqw==, figureFileBig=2dzNhgIG/bghtdDUqeBv9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942290045576058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Sweep degree between injection and production wells, figureFileSmall=l5bbV+tdQgvDAugxMf2XVw==, figureFileBig=Sd5VcxdO3tDwrFcCMXJUXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942290154627963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=CN, label=图5, caption=注采井间波及程度, figureFileSmall=l5bbV+tdQgvDAugxMf2XVw==, figureFileBig=Sd5VcxdO3tDwrFcCMXJUXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942290221736828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Fluid allocation of injection and production units, figureFileSmall=F9+ZeWkhLtFMOLVgwSeMhg==, figureFileBig=7lC02k0O7xLCvCwA4Mst7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942290288845693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=CN, label=图6, caption=注采单元液量分配, figureFileSmall=F9+ZeWkhLtFMOLVgwSeMhg==, figureFileBig=7lC02k0O7xLCvCwA4Mst7Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942290343371646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Distance between ideal wells and existing wells, figureFileSmall=H7GnKJExfhYl0hmNtFwDUQ==, figureFileBig=/R6imRLT3dna9RjvXeThRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942290414674815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=CN, label=图7, caption=理想井与现有井距离, figureFileSmall=H7GnKJExfhYl0hmNtFwDUQ==, figureFileBig=/R6imRLT3dna9RjvXeThRw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942290481783680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Distribution of substitutability degree, figureFileSmall=04WXroG+bRcHA7ZG1fqOkA==, figureFileBig=/oxYMkyM/oZ6R0VzLMlRDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942290544698241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=CN, label=图8, caption=可替代程度分布, figureFileSmall=04WXroG+bRcHA7ZG1fqOkA==, figureFileBig=/oxYMkyM/oZ6R0VzLMlRDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942290641167234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Well deployment after well pattern reconstruction, figureFileSmall=/OU5xy4QB6MVnDRN21F8MQ==, figureFileBig=D/Bq8ZebTUGni98Qffr4zA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942290716664707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=CN, label=图9, caption=井网重构后的井位部署, figureFileSmall=/OU5xy4QB6MVnDRN21F8MQ==, figureFileBig=D/Bq8ZebTUGni98Qffr4zA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942290813133700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Comparison of production performance under different schemes, figureFileSmall=e6tDispxVqqHyAniB/WaAg==, figureFileBig=oADRDXJASTmZAdbHGOkz/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942290897019781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同方案生产效果对比, figureFileSmall=e6tDispxVqqHyAniB/WaAg==, figureFileBig=oADRDXJASTmZAdbHGOkz/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942290968322950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Comparison of production performance for different numbers of wells under different schemes, figureFileSmall=SQMj602MGn3+FvvSVhSRPQ==, figureFileBig=NRLAtMchu4VPp0DN2tAqDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942291039626119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同方案井数的生产效果对比, figureFileSmall=SQMj602MGn3+FvvSVhSRPQ==, figureFileBig=NRLAtMchu4VPp0DN2tAqDQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942291098346376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Evaluation criteria for fit between ideal reconstructed well pattern and existing well pattern, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
井网井位距离/m可替代程度/小数井位性质整改类别整改措施

理想与现有

井网

d≤Ld ξ>(1-Ldd¯)相同Ⅰ(优)直接替代
差异Ⅱ(良)转注/转采
Ld<d≤Lu (1-Lud¯)<ξ<(1-Ldd¯)相同侧钻
差异转注/转采+侧钻
d>Lu ξ<(1-Lud¯)相同/差异Ⅲ(差)钻新井
), ArticleFig(id=1322942291173843849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

理想重构井网与现有老井网契合度评价规则

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
井网井位距离/m可替代程度/小数井位性质整改类别整改措施

理想与现有

井网

d≤Ld ξ>(1-Ldd¯)相同Ⅰ(优)直接替代
差异Ⅱ(良)转注/转采
Ld<d≤Lu (1-Lud¯)<ξ<(1-Ldd¯)相同侧钻
差异转注/转采+侧钻
d>Lu ξ<(1-Lud¯)相同/差异Ⅲ(差)钻新井
), ArticleFig(id=1322942291249341322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Design of well pattern reconstruction development schemes, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案油井数水井数油水井来源

剩余储量

控制程度/%

注水开发时长注采液量
老井替代侧钻钻新井
原始方案443375.3010 a5 211 m3/d
方案一305010442691.50
方案二35356471787.40
方案三25507531588.60
方案四30459432389.60
), ArticleFig(id=1322942291337421707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942278607708958, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

井网重构开发方案设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案油井数水井数油水井来源

剩余储量

控制程度/%

注水开发时长注采液量
老井替代侧钻钻新井
原始方案443375.3010 a5 211 m3/d
方案一305010442691.50
方案二35356471787.40
方案三25507531588.60
方案四30459432389.60
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特高含水油藏井网重构新方法研究——以孤岛西区南馆3-4油藏为例
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刘丽杰 1 , 陶德硕 1 , 唐建信 2 , 黄迎松 1 , 于英霞 1 , 贾元元 1 , 谷建伟 3 , 张铭文 3
油气藏评价与开发 | 油气开发 2026,16(3): 684-693
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油气藏评价与开发 |油气开发 2026 , 16 (3) : 684 -693
特高含水油藏井网重构新方法研究——以孤岛西区南馆3-4油藏为例
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刘丽杰1 , 陶德硕1, 唐建信2, 黄迎松1, 于英霞1, 贾元元1, 谷建伟3, 张铭文3
作者信息
  • 1 中国石化胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院,山东   东营 257015
  • 2 中国石化华东油气分公司,江苏   南京 210019
  • 3 中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院,山东   青岛 266580
作者简介:

刘丽杰(1982—),女,硕士,副研究员,从事油田开发理论技术研究与实践。地址:山东省东营市东营区聊城路2号,邮政编码:257015。E-mail:

Study on a new method of well pattern reconstruction for ultra-high water cut reservoirs: A case study of Nanguan 3-4 reservoir in western area of Gudao
LIJIE LIU1 , DESHUO TAO1, JIANXIN TANG2, YINGSONG HUANG1, YINGXIA YU1, YUANYUAN JIA1, JIANWEI GU3, MINGWEN ZHANG3
Affiliations
  • 1 Exploration and Development Research Institute, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Company, Dongying, Shandong 257015, China
  • 2 Sinopec East China Oil & Gas Company, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019, China
  • 3 School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
出版时间: 2026-05-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025450
文章导航
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特高含水油藏  /  井网重构  /  聚类分析  /  不规则注采单元  /  采收率
ultra-high water cut reservoir  /  well pattern reconstruction  /  cluster analysis  /  irregular injection-production unit  /  recovery efficiency
刘丽杰, 陶德硕, 唐建信, 黄迎松, 于英霞, 贾元元, 谷建伟, 张铭文. 特高含水油藏井网重构新方法研究——以孤岛西区南馆3-4油藏为例. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (3) : 684 -693 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025450
LIJIE LIU, DESHUO TAO, JIANXIN TANG, YINGSONG HUANG, YINGXIA YU, YUANYUAN JIA, JIANWEI GU, MINGWEN ZHANG. Study on a new method of well pattern reconstruction for ultra-high water cut reservoirs: A case study of Nanguan 3-4 reservoir in western area of Gudao[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (3) : 684 -693 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025450
经过长期注水开发,中国陆上主力油田已陆续进入特高含水开发阶段,部分生产井的含水率甚至高达99%以上,油田开发形势日趋严峻。在油田既往的开发生命周期内,通过层系重组、井网调整[1-2]、注采优化[3]、流场调整及立体开发等技术应用,达到了控水稳油、提高采收率的目的。然而,在后续的油田开发生命周期内,开发的综合效益逐渐变差,开发难度逐年增加。
国内外油田开发实践表明,在高含水开发期通过井网重构可进一步提高油藏最终采收率[4],但受开采成本约束,迫切需要探索一套特高含水开发期的井网重构新方法。油藏长期水驱后,呈现高度水淹特征[5-6],剩余油分布模式呈现“高度分散、局部富集”“大面积水淹、零散富集”及“普遍富集、局部水淹”共存的特点[7]。因此,尽管该阶段油藏整体采出程度较高,但部分小层仍存在可观潜力[8],这为特高含水开发期井网重构提供了物质基础保证。
目前,国内外已针对井网重构问题展开相关研究。乔岩[9]针对流场重构需求,提出基于标量流场确定重构措施、通过矢量流场进行液量优化的高含水期流场重构方法;YIN等[10]在储层生产现状和剩余油分布基础上,通过数值模拟优化井网加密方案;LI等[11]采用改良的SPSA优化算法,以井网加密位置为主变量,构建了多层成熟油藏最优布井定位与完井综合框架;WANG等[12]针对水驱油藏优化中人为经验依赖及常规方法难以获取全局最优解的问题,提出基于随机森林、流线数值模拟、神经网络预测和粒子群优化的井位与注采参数联合优化方法;苗厚纯等[13]针对大庆r区水驱和聚合物开发目的层的剩余油分布特征,实施水驱、聚驱井网重构改造,实现了低渗透层和分流线上剩余油的有效动用;郝同春[14]提出一种基于势叠加原理和仿生智能算法的调整方案优选方法,实现了不同井网和地质条件下水驱开发效果及各种开发调整方案的快速定量评价;白振国等[15]攻关以“两驱协同、优选井型”为核心的井网优化调整技术,通过“二三结合”井网优化、分类储层加密调驱等技术,实现了井网两驱协同与多井网多井型立体调整;何永宏等[16]综合矿场实践、油藏工程和数值模拟方法,系统研究了水平段方位、长度、井距及立体开发井网合理隔层,形成了页岩油多层系立体式布井模式;LEI等[17]建立了渗流—地质力学耦合的嵌入式裂缝流动模型,通过致密油多场耦合模拟,提出了致密油多场重构驱渗结合提高采收率技术。
通过调研发现,目前业内对于井网重构的研究方向主要集中在“物理模型”或“数据驱动方法”的单一路线,对于两者的融合深度尚有不足;如神经网络等最优化算法虽然寻优效果显著,但面对大规模油藏存在收敛速度慢、资源消耗大的成本问题,尚未形成高效稳健的通用优化框架;基于机器学习的代理模型由于“黑箱特性”以及严重依赖训练数据的客观限制,其决策的可解释性面临挑战,重构方法对于不同油藏的适应性与泛化能力仍有不足。此外,目前井网重构主要侧重工程应用,在方法上主要是依靠数值模拟开展优化,缺少油藏工程方法的系统研究。
针对以上问题,本研究立足于油藏工程方法,提出了一套考虑目前油藏剩余油分布特征、结合现有井网体系的井网重新构建方法,可以对油田井网调整提出新的思路,还可以完善油藏开发过程的井网部署设计体系,高效指导高含水后期油田井网、层系调整。
基于目前地下剩余油物质基础分布特征,以储量控制均衡为原则,采用聚类方法确定不规则注采单元的控制范围,结合波及理论,确定并优化井位部署,并计算新井网的合理注采液量分配,形成一套特高含水油藏井网重构体系。
特高含水开发期,油藏具有储层物性和剩余油分布双重非均质特征,此时重新构建井网对该特征必须考虑。依托油藏数值模拟结果,在对地下剩余油分布进行准确表征的基础上,考虑对剩余油储量控制程度和流场匹配程度,重新划分不规则注采单元。
针对特高含水油藏平面剩余油储量分布特征,采用聚类分析思想[18],以不规则注采单元控制剩余油储量均衡为原则,按照给定的注采单元数量开展注采单元划分。在划分过程中,规定注采单元的形成需要满足聚类后的每个簇类平面上分布连续和每个簇类控制的剩余油储量基本相当两个原则。具体单元划分过程如下:
1) 确定油田注采单元划分的数量m
m值可以根据油田现场专家或枚举法的方式来进行确定。
2) 扫描平面剩余油分布,寻找聚类种子
选取剩余油分布最集中处作为注采单元聚类种子,以此为起始点进行注采单元拓展。
3) 建立注采单元拓展聚类方法
确定注采单元聚类种子之后,以此为中心向外拓展,对于每个单元,在拓展前统计单元内已拓展网格剩余油储量参数值并进行排序。
T=sort(xi), i=1,2,⋯,s
式中:T为按升序排列的单元扩展网格中剩余油参数值集合;sort为升序排序函数;s为单元扩展网格数量;xi为单元网格的剩余油储量参数值,单位m3。
随后,不断更新已拓展区域网格剩余油储量中位数xmid,并以周围未拓展区域网格剩余油储量xi与xmid的差值为聚类指标,进行注采单元聚类划分。
xmid=T(s+12),s为奇数(T(s2)+T(s+22))/2,s为偶数
式中:xmid为单元已扩展网格剩余油储量中位数,单位m3。
由式(2)和式(3)不断拓展周围与单元剩余油储量中位数差值最小的网格,最终实现注采单元间剩余油储量绝对差最小。
δ=(xt-xmid)It,Jt=min(I,J) | abs(δ)
式中:δ为待扩展网格剩余油储量与单元已扩展网格剩余油储量中位数的差值,单位m3;xt为待扩展网格t的剩余油储量,单位m3;(It,Jt)为当前待扩展网格中与单元已扩展网格剩余油储量中位数差值最小的网格对应坐标。abs为绝对值计算函数;min为最小值函数。
4) 建立注采单元划分的目标函数F
基于注采单元储量均衡的划分原则,将以各个注采单元间控制范围内的储量绝对差最小作为注采单元划分依据,建立目标函数F。
F(Nor)=min∑i=1m(Nor,i-Nor¯)Nor,i=∫Ω(Dxij×Dyij×hij×So,ij×φij×ρoBo)Nor=∑i=1mNor,i,i=1,2,⋯,mNor¯≈Norm
式中:Nor,i为第i个注采单元剩余油储量,单位m3;Nor为油藏的剩余油储量,单位m3;Nor¯为全区注采单元平均剩余油储量,单位m3;F为聚类划分目标函数,表示各注采单元之间剩余油储量的绝对差值最小,单位m3;Dxij为第ij网格x方向长度,单位m;Dyij为第ij网格y方向长度,单位m;hij为第ij网格有效厚度,单位m;So,ij为第ij网格含油饱和度;φij为第ij网格孔隙度;ρo为油相密度,单位kg/m3;m为拟划分单元数量。Bo为原有体积系数,∫Ω为单个注采单元范围内所有网格的场量累加。
由式(4),通过建立的注采单元划分目标函数以及约束条件,如图1所示是某油藏拟划分27个注采单元为例的划分结果。
通过划分结果可知,以储量控制均衡为原则完成一次性划分,划分出的部分注采单元不规则特征明显,呈现出单元形状狭长畸形,边界变化尖锐的特点,对于每个独立单元内部,剩余油的流动效率低下,狭窄处流动阻力大,明显不符合渗流力学特征,这主要是由于在聚类过程中的决策依据过于单一,仅聚焦于剩余油储量的分布特征,没有考虑流动特征,需要进一步修正聚类方法。
针对注采单元一次聚类划分方法的缺陷,采用“二级聚类+约束聚类”的划分方式,将聚类过程逐次化来解决单元不规则以及注采井间渗流不合理问题。
1) 一次聚类种子播撒
首先以平均注采单井控制储量F的1/2为目标进行一次聚类,确定出种子单元的基础位置。
Nor'¯≈Nor2m
式中:Nor'¯为一次聚类各注采单元种子平均剩余油储量,单位m3。
一次聚类种子播撒效果如图2所示。
2) 逐次扩大的二次聚类扩展方法
以一次聚类划分后单元种子为基础,对该种子单元周围未拓展的单元体,以“欧式距离”最小作为约束原则再次进行聚类划分,再次聚类拓展过程中,需要依次计算待分配网格单元与种子单元之间距离,以距离最近为原则,完成第二阶段聚类划分,避免不规则注采单元的形成。
d1=Iit-Ii02+Jit-Ji02d2=Iis-Ii02+Jis-Ji02d1-d2<η1ζ=(Iis,Jis),d1≥d2+η1(Iit,Jit),d1<d2+η1
式中:Iit,Jit为未扩展网格中与i注采单元已扩展网格剩余油储量中位数差值最小的网格坐标;Iis,Jis为未扩展网格中与i注采单元种子Ii0,Ji0距离最近的网格坐标;d1为Iit,Jit与Ii0,Ji0的距离,单位m;d2为Iis,Jis与Ii0,Ji0的距离,单位m;η1为d1与d2的差值,单位m;ζ为下一次扩展网格坐标。
由式(6)依次扫描单元周围未拓展的网格,并计算其网格渗透率与该注采单元已拓展区域网格渗透率中位数的差值,得到与该注采单元已拓展区域网格渗透率中位数差值最小的网格A1,计算网格A1与该注采单元初始点的位置距离的差值d1,再搜寻与此已拓展区域周围最相近的网格A2,计算网格A2与该注采单元初始点的位置距离的差值d2。若d1与d2的差值大于一定的阈值,则优先拓展周围最相邻的网格A2,否则拓展网格A1,以此完成拓展,实现考虑地层中渗透率分布后的注采单元划分,图3展示了二次聚类后的注采划分单元结果。
修正后的聚类划分方法,既考虑单元形状,又考虑单元渗透率分布的问题,与常规认识比较符合。
聚类得到的注采单元形状通常不规则。按照传统生产井经验部署方法,生产井往往位于不规则单元的几何中心。然而,在高含水期地层中,剩余油分布呈现严重非均质性,此时若仍按几何中心部署生产井,其开发效果往往有限。针对非均质条件下的井位优化问题,应以注采井组部署后对剩余油储量的控制程度最高为原则,因此生产井应部署在不规则单元的剩余油储量中心。具体计算方法如下:基于不规则注采单元,在考虑剩余油储量非均质分布特征的条件下,采用积分法求解不规则单元的剩余油储量中心,并将其作为生产井的部署位置(图4)。
以单元j为例,将单元中的网格看做质点,每个网格内剩余油储量参数值看作该等效质点的质量,由式(7)计算出所有n个质点对x、y轴静力矩的和,即剩余油储量在XOY坐标系下所产生静力矩。
Mx=∑i=1nyi⋅NiMy=∑i=1nxi⋅Ni
式中:(xi,yi)为单元内第i个网格等效质点坐标;n为单元内网格数量;Ni为第i个网格剩余油储量,单位m3;Mx、My为第i个网格等效质点在x、y方向所产生的静力矩。
由式(8)计算得到注采单元j内的剩余油储量和。
Nj=∑i=1nNi,i=1,⋯,n
式中:Nj为单元j中剩余油总储量,单位m3。
对单元j内任意质点,由式(9)求该质点对x、y轴方向静力矩。
Mx=Nj⋅y0My=Nj⋅x0
若此质点产生的静力矩与单元内所有n个质点产生的静力矩的和相等,则为单元重心,由式(10)即可求得注采单元j内平面剩余油储量中心坐标,即生产井的部署位置。
x0=∑i=1nxi⋅NiNjy0=∑i=1nyi⋅NiNj
式中:x0,y0为注采单元j的质量中心坐标。
针对不规则注采单元,在生产井位置确定后,需要确定为合理的注水井位置。
在给定注采井网的注采井数比条件下,循着不规则单元的边界轨迹,将注水井随机分配在边界不同位置,形成系列组合;分别计算注采井间控制的剩余油储量,以均衡控制为原则,优选注水井组合。以注采井间波及范围的角度和距离作为权重,建立注水井组驱替波及的目标函数,如图5所示。
由式(11)计算得到各个注水井组下的总的驱替波及储量。
Nwpj=∑k=1njcosθ⋅rijrjk+rik⋅Nk, ∠α>∠ β : θ=αNwpj=∑k=1njcosθ⋅rijrjk+rik⋅Nk, ∠α<∠ β : θ=βNwp=∑j=1mzNwpj
式中:Nwpj为第p个注采单元井组第j口注水井对生产井所驱替波及的可采储量,单位m3;nj为第j口注水井波及的网格总数;θ为驱替波及有效角度,单位(°);α为注水井与第k个网格连线和注水井与生产井连线的夹角,单位(°);β为生产井与第k个网格连线和生产井与注水井连线的夹角,单位(°);rij为生产井与第j口注水井的距离,单位m;rjk为第j口注水井与第k个网格的距离,单位m;rik为生产井与第k个网格的距离,单位m;Nk为第k个网格的剩余油储量,单位m3;Nwp为第p个注采单元井组所有注水井的驱替波及可采储量和,单位m3;mz为第p个注采单元内注水井数量,单位口。
由式(11)可看出,注采井间控制区域的驱替波及程度与注采井间形成的夹角以及距离负相关,夹角越大或者距离越长,可波及程度越低;反之,可波及程度就越高。
根据实际井位优化问题的复杂程度以及追求全局最优解的必要性,结合自动调优方法的优势、不足以及应用范围,考虑到对于每个注采单元,在明确注水井数的前提下,合理的注水井组合数量有限,分别评估每一种组合的波及效果在时间成本上相对可控,故利用网格搜索方法可以得到目标参数取值的全局最优解[19],因此,采用网格搜索方法进行单一注采单元初始注水井位的优化设计,计算得到各个单元的最优注水井组。
通过上述注水井优化后,得到每个不规则注采单元注水井位。但油藏是由多个相互连接的不规则注采单元组成,将每个不规则注采单元所优化的注水井井位组合在一起,各个注采单元之间的注水井位会有一定的冗余或重叠,考虑全区的注采效果与整体的布井成本,以最小井距作为约束条件,进行抽稀优化,具体抽稀步骤如下。
确定最小注水井距阈值Lth,由式(12)依次计算理想井网之间的最小井距Lij。
Lij=(Ii-Ij)2+(Ji-Jj)2
式中:Lij为第i口注水井和第j口注水井之间的欧氏距离,单位m;(Ii,Ji)为第i口注水井的坐标;(Ij,Jj)为第j口注水井的坐标。
若Lij小于阈值,则由式(13),以1口公共井来替代对应的2口井。
(Ig,Jg)=(Ii+Ij2,Ji+Jj2)
式中:(Ig,Jg)为合并后的公共注水井的坐标。
重构井网部署完成后,还需要根据每个注采单元控制的剩余油储量情况配置注采井的注采参数。
在注采单元划分过程中,考虑了每个单元对剩余油储量的控制程度和流场渗流特征,因此在分配生产井的采液量时,直接根据每个注采单元的控制剩余油储量比例分配。设定油藏的采液速度,由式(14)计算每个注采单元中生产井的日产液量配置。
Qd=N⋅Vq365
式中:Qd为油藏日采液量,单位m3/d;N为油藏原始地质储量,单位m3;Vq为设定的日采液速度,%。
确定生产井采液量后,遵循注采平衡原则,注采单元的注水量与产液量相同。此时该注采单元的每个注水井的注水量也需要根据该不规则注采单元的剩余油储量分布进行分配,原则依然是均衡驱替,即对于每个注采单元,注采井间控制范围内的剩余油储量比例与该单元的产液量乘积为每个注水井的注水量。
以任意不规则注采单元为例,如图6所示。首先确定1口注水井,在注采单元内取与其相邻的2个注水井连线中点,由该注水井、生产井和2个中点构成不规则四边形,计算该范围内控制的剩余油储量Nor,ij占整个注采单元储量的比例,得到该注水井注水量的劈分比例Rij,由式(15)计算得到该注水井在该单元内对应的注水量。
Rij=Nor, ijNor, iWij=Rij⋅Qi
式中:Rij为第i个注采单元第j口注水井控制范围内剩余油储量占该注采单元内总剩余油储量的比例;Nor,ij为第i个注采单元第j口注水井控制范围内剩余油储量,单位m3;Nor,i为第i个注采单元总剩余油储量,单位m3;Wij为第i个注采单元第j口注水井拟分配的注水量,单位m3/d;Qi为第i个注采单元的日采液量,单位m3。
由于油藏全区划分为多个相连的注采单元,所以一口注水井需要同时供应多个相邻单元的驱替能量,由式(16)可得注水井最终总的注水量,从而实现全区所有注水井注水量的分配计算。
Wi=∑v=1uiWiv
式中:Wi为第i口注水井拟分配的总注水量,单位m3/d;Wiv为第i口注水井供给周围第v口生产井的注水量,单位m3/d;ui为第i口注水井周围需其供给的生产井数量,单位口。
井网重构后,得到一套与储层非均质性及流体分布非均质性相匹配的“理想重构井网”。由于全部钻新井在经济上不可行,需依托现有老井网进行改造,因此亟待建立老井网可替代程度评价标准,以量化可留用井的数量及其利用方式。通过将“理想重构井网”与“现有老井网”进行空间叠加对比,以新老井之间的相对距离作为可利用程度的表征指标,进而评估现有井的可替代性,具体评价流程如图7所示。
首先结合理想井位与现有井位的位置信息,由式(17)依次计算各新老井间的欧氏距离dij,寻找理想井位i附近拟可改造的现实井位j。
dij=(Inew, i-Iold, j)2+(Jnew, i-Jold, j)2
式中:dij为理想新井i与现有老井j之间的距离,单位m;Inew,i,Jnew,i为第i口理想新井的坐标;(Iold,j,Jold,j)为第j口现有老井的坐标。
由式(18)计算得到油田现有井网的平均井距。
d¯=2⋅Aπ⋅nzc
式中:d¯为油田现有井网平均井距,单位m;A为油田含油面积,单位m2;nzc为油田现有注采井数量,单位口。
最后由式(19)计算得到各理想井与现有井无因次距离,进而得到“理想重构井网”和“现有老井网”井位之间的可替代程度。
d*=dijd¯ξ=1-d*
式中:d*为无因次距离;ξ为理想井网与现有井网的可替代程度。
由新老井间无因次距离计算得到的井网可替代程度如图8所示。综上可以计算出“理想重构井网”与“现有老井网”之间的可替代程度,在现场实施中可结合实际情况确定一个可替代程度界限,并根据界限落实具体措施。
在具体实施的过程中,综合考虑新井和老井的位置、属性、可改造的程度进行评价。针对油田不同可替代程度下的井距阈值Ld、Lu以及井差异,可将新老井的契合程度划分为三个等级,并根据各井的分级情况制定对应的整改措施,评价规则如表1所示。
通过契合度评价规则,可统计出现有井网可复用井数、对应井整改方向及需钻新井的位置,根据不同的井契合度等级标准,选择不同整改措施,从而实现节约开发成本,提高开发效益的效果。
从以上井网重构方法的构建过程可以看出,井网重构过程重点考虑的是油藏目前地下剩余油和储层物性分布非均质特征,对油藏沉积类型、渗透率水平并没有做出限制,例如当油藏沉积特征不同时,油藏的储层非均质特征有明显差异,这种差异会导致不规则注采单元划分的数量、井网形式产生差异,进而导致重构的井网体系不同。此外,剩余油分布的非均质程度主要受到油藏水驱开发阶段影响,在中低含水阶段,剩余油分布非均质程度较弱,此时井网重构形式主要体现储层物性非均质的影响;当进入高、特高含水阶段时,此时重构的井网形式受到储层物性和剩余油分布双重非均质的影响。因此,本次形成的方法不仅适合特高含水阶段的井网重构,对于即将开发的新油藏,也可以采用本方法设计油田开发初期的井网体系。
依据本研究提出的井网重构新方法,选取孤岛油田西区南馆3-4(GD3-4)油藏进行验证。该油藏平均埋深1 240 m,含油面积3.6 km2,含油有效厚度为14.3 m,油藏地质储量为951.6×104 t,油藏主要以曲流河沉积为主,区块整体构造呈东高西低,储层平均孔隙度34%,平均渗透率为1 187×10-3 μm2,属高孔高渗油藏。
GD3-4油藏经过近50年开发,开发历程复杂,经历多种驱替方式组合开发阶段及井网多次调整,井网空间潜力已基本开发殆尽,呈现平面与纵向均高含水的开发特征。根据2021年的统计数据,产油井中单井含水率大于95%的油井占84%,含水大于98%的油井占29.5%,进一步依靠常规井网加密调整的难度较大、可行性降低。目前油田平面井网密集,井况复杂,注采对应关系呈多极化特征。从主力生产层段看,目前开井生产油井44口,开井注水井33口,采用行列注采井网模式,油藏已进入特高含水期,从开发效益来看,已处于效益开发后期。与开发初期相比,GD3‑4油藏剩余油储量品位日趋降低,平面上多表现为局部弱高点剩余油;纵向上剩余油分布差异明显,属于典型的陆相高含水老油藏。
为验证本研究提出的井网重构方法的可行性,针对GD3-4油藏设计了4套不同总井数的井网重构方案,并与重构前井网开发效果进行对比分析。具体方案如表2所示,采用本研究方法得到的4套井位部署如图9所示,对应的数值模拟结果如图10所示,不同方案井数增产效果对比如图11所示。数值模拟预测结果表明,在同等液量水平下,重构后的4种井网开发效果均优于原有井网方案,其中方案一效果最为显著,累计产油量增加53.36×10⁴ m³,采收率提高4.87%,综合含水率降低0.94%。图11显示,重构后4种井网对比结果表明,总井数对开发效果具有显著影响,方案一效果最佳且井数最多;但总井数并非唯一影响因素,方案三与方案四虽总井数相同,但开发效果存在差异,主要源于两种井网对剩余油控制程度的不同。上述对比结果表明,本研究提出的井网重构方法可在任意指定总井数及油水井数比条件下开展井网重构设计,满足矿场井网重构的工程需求。该方法在指导特高含水开发期油藏井网重构方面具有良好的普适性。
1)针对特高含水阶段水驱油藏,综合考虑储层物性及剩余油非均质特征,构建了一套井网重构理论方法体系。该方法的核心包括:不规则注采单元划分技术、不规则单元剩余油富集中心确定方法、以剩余油控制储量最大化为原则的油水井部署策略,以及注采参数优化方法。
2)建立了理想重构井网与现有井网契合度评价体系,基于评价结果提出重构井网可通过老井利用、老井改造与部分补钻新井相结合的方式实施。
3)以GD3-4油藏为例开展井网重构设计,按照不同开发需求重构了4套井网方案。数值模拟结果表明,重构井网开发效果均优于现有井网方案,其中最优方案采出程度提高4.87%,综合含水率降低0.94%。

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2026年第16卷第3期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025450
  • 接收时间:2026-01-12
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-05-26
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  • 收稿日期:2026-01-12
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    1 中国石化胜利油田分公司勘探开发研究院,山东   东营 257015
    2 中国石化华东油气分公司,江苏   南京 210019
    3 中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院,山东   青岛 266580
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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