Article(id=1322957285814841459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322957283147252214, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025436, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1767024000000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793347196295, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1774454400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793347196295, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793347196295, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793347196295, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322957283147252214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='2', pageStart='225', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774454400000', pubDateStr='2026-03-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793347195659, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793348987089, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322964796999611071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322957283147252214, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322964796999611072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322957283147252214, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=286, endPage=300, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322957286062305396, articleId=1322957285814841459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Mobile 2D NMR quantitative evaluation method and its application at shale oil wellsite: A case study of the second member of Funing Formation, Subei Basin, columnId=1322941494130258079, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Exploration, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Porosity and oil saturation are critical parameters in shale oil reservoir evaluation, but current laboratory measurements face challenges. In contrast, using wellsite mobile two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) measurements can minimize the impact of light hydrocarbon loss, allowing for timely measurements of shale cores and the acquisition of relatively accurate parameters of porosity, oil saturation, and movable oil saturation. First, based on the geological characteristics of shale oil reservoirs in the second member of the Funing Formation (Fu-2 member) in the Subei Basin, a 2D NMR fluid type identification chart was constructed under laboratory conditions based on specialized experiments. This chart enabled the identification of fluid components including adsorbed oil, bound oil, movable oil, capillary-bound water, and clay water. Laboratory measurements were conducted under the same temperature and pressure conditions as wellsite measurements. The relaxation-time cutoff values for each fluid component, determined by high-precision laboratory 2D NMR measurements, were used to calibrate the field 2D NMR spectra. Then, a wellsite mobile 2D NMR fluid identification chart was established, leading to the development of evaluation models for porosity, oil saturation, and movable oil saturation. Both wellsite and downhole 2D NMR measurements employed the same echo spacing and resonance frequency to ensure consistent shapes of their 2D NMR spectra. Then, with the wellsite 2D NMR spectrum as a reference, a translation method was applied to correct the downhole NMR spectra for temperature and pressure effects. Consequently, a fluid identification chart and quantitative evaluation model for shale oil reservoirs based on downhole 2D NMR logging were established. This technique was applied and validated through comparison in four wells within the shale oil reservoir area of the Fu-2 member in the Subei Basin. The results demonstrated consistency between wellsite and downhole NMR measurements and showed a high agreement with laboratory results. These findings demonstrate the broad application prospects of mobile 2D NMR measurement technology for evaluating shale porosity, oil saturation, and movable oil content.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=YOULONG ZOU1, JUN LI1, JILONG LIU1, BAOXIN GUO2, LIANG WANG3, authorsList=YOULONG ZOU, JUN LI, JILONG LIU, BAOXIN GUO, LIANG WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=JUN LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322957289774264455, articleId=1322957285814841459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=页岩油井场移动式二维核磁共振定量评价方法及应用——以苏北盆地阜宁组二段为例, columnId=1322941494327390371, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气勘探, runingTitle=null, highlight=

孔隙度和含油饱和度是页岩油储层评价中的关键参数,但实验室测量目前面临困难,而井场移动式二维核磁共振测量能够最大程度地避免轻烃散失的影响,实现对页岩岩心及时测量,获得较准确的孔隙度、含油饱和度和可动油饱和度参数。首先,针对苏北盆地阜宁组二段(以下简称阜二段)页岩油储层地质特征,基于二维核磁共振专项实验构建实验室条件下阜二段页岩油储层二维核磁流体类型识别图版,包括吸附油、束缚油、可动油、毛管束缚水、黏土水等流体组分识别。实验室测量与井场测量的温度、压力条件相同,利用实验室高精度二维核磁测量确定的各流体组分弛豫时间截止值标定井场测量的二维核磁谱,建立基于井场移动式二维核磁流体识别图版,进而确定孔隙度、含油饱和度和可动油饱和度的评价模型。井场、井下二维核磁测量均采用相同的回波间隔和共振频率,以确保二者二维核磁谱形态一致,再以井场二维核磁谱为桥梁,运用平移法对井下测量的核磁谱进行温度、压力影响的校正,从而建立基于井下二维核磁共振测井的页岩油储层流体识别图版与定量评价模型。利用这套技术在苏北盆地阜二段页岩油储层区域范围内的4口井中应用和对比验证,井场核磁与井下核磁测量结果具有一致性,同时与实验室测量结果高度吻合,展现移动式二维核磁测量技术在页岩孔隙度、含油饱和度和可动油饱和度评价方面具有广阔的应用前景。

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邹友龙(1987—),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事岩石物理与测井数据处理及解释方法的工作。地址:北京市昌平区百沙路197号,邮政编码:102206。E-mail:

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李军(1967—),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,主要从事测井资料解释与评价的工作。地址:北京市昌平区百沙路197号,邮政编码:102206。E-mail:
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邹友龙(1987—),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事岩石物理与测井数据处理及解释方法的工作。地址:北京市昌平区百沙路197号,邮政编码:102206。E-mail:

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Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 2022, 12(6): 2747-2784., articleTitle=A review on the applications of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in the oil and gas industry: Laboratory and field-scale measurements, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322957290038505608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285814841459, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957290051088521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285814841459, companyId=1322957290038505608, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957290059477130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285814841459, companyId=1322957290038505608, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京 102206)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322957290134974603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285814841459, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957290139168908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285814841459, companyId=1322957290134974603, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Beijing Limecho Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 102200, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957290147557517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285814841459, companyId=1322957290134974603, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 北京青檬艾柯科技有限公司,北京 102200)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322957290214666382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285814841459, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957290218860687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285814841459, companyId=1322957290214666382, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957290227249296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285814841459, companyId=1322957290214666382, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 成都理工大学,四川   成都 610059)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322957293863710900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285814841459, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Regional setting, geotectonic units, well locations, and lithologic column of Fu-2 member, Subei Basin, figureFileSmall=n7noBg2/9HABWPOFhq8d4g==, figureFileBig=TAVKnAVcGahOMFnKlMqH0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957293926625461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285814841459, language=CN, label=图1, caption=苏北盆地区域位置、构造单元、井位分布及阜二段岩性柱状图

注:1为金湖凹陷;2为柳堡低凸起;3为菱塘桥低凸起;4为临泽凹陷;5为柘垛低凸起;6为白驹凹陷;7为高邮凹陷;8为裕华凸起;9为小海凸起;10为梁垛低凸起;11为吴堡低凸起;12为溱潼凹陷;13为泰州凸起;14为海安凹陷;15为涟北凹陷;16为大东凸起;17为涟南凹陷;18为阜宁凹陷;19为塘洼大喇叭凸起;20为盐城凹陷;21为洪泽凹陷; 22为淮安凸起。

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注:Pt1和Pt2分别为纵轴和横轴方向信号强度。

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流体组分T2截止值范围/msT1与T2的关系(T1、T2的单位:ms)
黏土束缚水T2<2T1<5.475 2T20.869 2
毛管束缚水2≤T2<8T1<7.905 9T20.339 0
可动水8≤T2<100T1<3.538 3T20.725 6或 T2≥100,T1<T2
束缚油

T2<2

2≤T2<6

T1≥5.475 2T20.869 2

T1≥7.905 9T20.339 0

可动油

6≤T2<8

8≤T2<100

T1≥7.905 9T20.339 0

T1≥3.538 3T20.725 6 或 T2≥100,T1≥T2

), ArticleFig(id=1322957295537238215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285814841459, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

井场移动式二维核磁流体组分截止值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
流体组分T2截止值范围/msT1与T2的关系(T1、T2的单位:ms)
黏土束缚水T2<2T1<5.475 2T20.869 2
毛管束缚水2≤T2<8T1<7.905 9T20.339 0
可动水8≤T2<100T1<3.538 3T20.725 6或 T2≥100,T1<T2
束缚油

T2<2

2≤T2<6

T1≥5.475 2T20.869 2

T1≥7.905 9T20.339 0

可动油

6≤T2<8

8≤T2<100

T1≥7.905 9T20.339 0

T1≥3.538 3T20.725 6 或 T2≥100,T1≥T2

), ArticleFig(id=1322957295621124296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285814841459, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Cutoff values for fluid components from downhole 2D NMR, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
流体组分T2截止值范围/msT1与T2的关系(T1、T2的单位:ms)
黏土束缚水T2<3T1<13.519 473T20.674 743
毛管束缚水3≤T2<32T1<13.519 473T20.674 743
可动水T2≥32T1<13.519 473T20.674 743
束缚油T2<24T1≥13.519 473T20.674 743
可动油T2≥24T1≥13.519 473T20.674 743
), ArticleFig(id=1322957295700816073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285814841459, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

井下二维核磁流体组分截止值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
流体组分T2截止值范围/msT1与T2的关系(T1、T2的单位:ms)
黏土束缚水T2<3T1<13.519 473T20.674 743
毛管束缚水3≤T2<32T1<13.519 473T20.674 743
可动水T2≥32T1<13.519 473T20.674 743
束缚油T2<24T1≥13.519 473T20.674 743
可动油T2≥24T1≥13.519 473T20.674 743
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页岩油井场移动式二维核磁共振定量评价方法及应用——以苏北盆地阜宁组二段为例
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邹友龙 1 , 李军 1 , 刘继龙 1 , 郭葆鑫 2 , 王亮 3
油气藏评价与开发 | 油气勘探 2026,16(2): 286-300
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油气藏评价与开发 |油气勘探 2026 , 16 (2) : 286 -300
页岩油井场移动式二维核磁共振定量评价方法及应用——以苏北盆地阜宁组二段为例
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邹友龙1 , 李军1, 刘继龙1, 郭葆鑫2, 王亮3
作者信息
  • 1 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京 102206
  • 2 北京青檬艾柯科技有限公司,北京 102200
  • 3 成都理工大学,四川   成都 610059
通讯作者:
李军(1967—),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,主要从事测井资料解释与评价的工作。地址:北京市昌平区百沙路197号,邮政编码:102206。E-mail:
作者简介:

邹友龙(1987—),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事岩石物理与测井数据处理及解释方法的工作。地址:北京市昌平区百沙路197号,邮政编码:102206。E-mail:

Mobile 2D NMR quantitative evaluation method and its application at shale oil wellsite: A case study of the second member of Funing Formation, Subei Basin
YOULONG ZOU1 , JUN LI1, JILONG LIU1, BAOXIN GUO2, LIANG WANG3
Affiliations
  • 1 Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China
  • 2 Beijing Limecho Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing 102200, China
  • 3 Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
出版时间: 2026-03-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025436
文章导航
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阜二段  /  页岩油  /  二维核磁共振  /  孔隙度  /  含油饱和度
second member of Funing Formation  /  shale oil  /  two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR)  /  porosity  /  oil saturation
邹友龙, 李军, 刘继龙, 郭葆鑫, 王亮. 页岩油井场移动式二维核磁共振定量评价方法及应用——以苏北盆地阜宁组二段为例. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (2) : 286 -300 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025436
YOULONG ZOU, JUN LI, JILONG LIU, BAOXIN GUO, LIANG WANG. Mobile 2D NMR quantitative evaluation method and its application at shale oil wellsite: A case study of the second member of Funing Formation, Subei Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (2) : 286 -300 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025436
中国页岩油资源丰富,目前在鄂尔多斯盆地的延长组、松辽盆地的青山口组、苏北盆地的阜宁组、准噶尔盆地的卢草沟组以及渤海湾盆地的沙河街组都发现页岩油[1-9]。
页岩油储层矿物组分和孔隙结构复杂,非均质性强[10-17],给含油性评价带来困难。页岩油含油性评价分为岩心实验分析和测井评价。其中,岩心实验分析结果是测井评价的基础。岩心实验分析主要包括:干馏法、萃取法、乙醇淋洗法、热解法和核磁共振法。干馏法需要高温加热,可能导致干酪根裂解并生成新的烃类[18];萃取法和乙醇淋洗法难以控制页岩油的提取程度,且通常耗时较长、成本较高[19];热解法通过岩石温阶热解实验获得游离烃、吸附烃、沥青质等含量[20-21]。在含油性测井评价方面,传统针对砂岩储层的阿尔奇理论已不适用于页岩含油性定量评价,目前针对页岩油储层尚无成熟的含油性测井评价方法[22-24]。
核磁共振技术是基于对地层流体氢核信号的探测来表征储层的含油性[25],已被广泛应用于页岩岩石物理特性表征[26-28]。在页岩油储层评价方面,主要采用二维核磁共振技术,用以测定储层的孔隙度,并定量分析其中沥青质、吸附油、游离油、可动水、毛管束缚水及黏土束缚水等组分含量[29-33]。应用场景分为实验室测量、井场(井口)测量和井下测井。目前,基于二维核磁页岩流体组分识别和反演算法取得了很大进展,主流算法包括盲源分离、K均值聚类和谱聚类等[34-38],这些算法的应用与改进为页岩流体组分、含油性精准评价奠定了基础。
为了最大程度地避免油气散失的影响,实现近原位测量,井场移动式二维核磁测量应运而生。其测量原理并无特殊之处,只是针对井场的复杂环境在小型化和便携式方面进行了改进,采用常温常压条件下全直径岩心方式测量,测量精度比实验室测量低。吉尔吉佐夫等[39]利用移动式核磁共振测量仪对全直径岩心进行含油性测量;石玉江等[40]率先在中国引入车载移动式全直径岩心核磁共振测量仪,并总结出不同流体组分的二维核磁T1-T2谱特征;李军等[41]通过车载移动式全直径岩心核磁共振测量仪对苏北盆地阜宁组二段(以下简称阜二段)的页岩油储层进行核磁T1-T2测量,并利用T1-T2谱流体识别图版评价各流体组分含量。页岩二维核磁共振测量技术是一种间接测量技术,所获得的地质参数是通过实验标定和反演技术得到的,其精度依赖于针对地区特征的评价图和模型的建立。实验室二维核磁测量是在地面条件下对页岩进行高精度测量,精细地反映页岩孔隙流体组分和含量;而井下二维核磁测井受地下客观条件的限制,测量精度有限,但其是真正的原位测量;井场移动式二维核磁测量是近原位测量,以此作为桥梁可以将实验室测量结果用以标定地下核磁测井,从而提高井下核磁测井的评价精度。
目前,在二维核磁实验和反演理论研究方面取得很大进展,方法日益成熟,但在页岩储层评价应用方面局限于实验、地面和井下核磁分割式应用,应用范围较局限。虽然认识到实验、地面和井下核磁测量结果的不一致性,但缺乏对这种不一致性的系统分析和校正方法,尚未针对地区特征,以岩心实验室测量为基础,以移动式井场核磁测量为桥梁,建立地下、地面一致性评价地质模型。
实验室内很难模拟地下高温高压(温度大于100 ℃,压力大于60 MPa)条件进行全直径岩心二维核磁测量,因此尚不能直接利用高温高压高精度实验室二维核磁测量的结果标定井下二维核磁测井。对页岩油储层核磁共振响应来说,影响最大的外在因素是回波间隔和温度。回波间隔影响测量精度,温度造成核磁共振谱峰平移,压力不会造成谱峰位置移动,影响程度可以忽略。基于这一思路,以苏北盆地阜二段为靶区,通过实验室测量(22 ℃,常压)、井场测量(22 ℃,常压)、井下测量(120 ℃,60 MPa),结合影响因素分析,以井场二维核磁测量为桥梁,建立区域范围内具有普适性的地面和地下二维核磁页岩油储层评价方法和模型。实验室与井场二维核磁测量温度压力条件相同,可以利用实验室高精度二维核磁测量确定的各流体组分弛豫时间截止值标定井场测量的二维核磁谱。井场核磁测量与井下核磁测量都采用相同的回波间隔和共振频率,确保二者测量的核磁谱形态相似,但由于温度压力条件不同,造成核磁响应谱峰位置平移。以井场测量核磁谱为桥梁,利用平移法对温压影响进行校正,实现基于实验标定的井场、井下二维核磁页岩油储层物性及含油性定量评价。苏北盆地区域范围内应用表明:井场移动式二维核磁共振测量和井下二维核磁共振测井测量的物性及含油性具有高度一致性,与实验室二维核磁测量结果也吻合,验证了该研究叙述方法的正确性。
研究区为中国东部苏北盆地,是在白垩系基底上形成的新生代断陷盆地,经历了早期基底拉伸断裂、中晚期断陷和坳陷3个发育阶段。现今构造格架为近东西向“一隆两坳”构造格架:盐阜坳陷、建湖隆起、东台坳陷(图1)。苏北盆地新生代沉积物厚度超过6 000 m,自下而上包括古近系的泰州组、阜宁组、戴南组、三垛组,以及新近系上新统的盐城组和第四系更新统的东台组。阜宁组自下而上可分为4个段,分别为阜宁组一段(以下简称阜一段)、阜宁组二段、阜宁组三段(以下简称阜三段)和阜宁组一段(以下简称阜四段)。其中,阜二段和阜四段以湖泊相深灰色灰云质页岩、页岩和泥岩沉积为主,是苏北盆地主要烃源岩层系。
阜二段岩性及矿物组成复杂,中下部主要为深灰色含灰云页岩、灰云质页岩,中部为灰黑色泥岩夹灰云质页岩,上部为灰质泥岩、块状泥岩。主要矿物组分为:黏土矿物(10%~60%)、石英(10%~40%)、方解石(2.5%~25.0%)、白云石(0~25%)、斜长石(2.5%~25.0%)、方沸石(0~20%),此外有少量的黄铁矿、钾长石(<2%)等。按照黏土矿物、碳酸盐岩矿物(方解石+白云石)和长英质硅质矿物(石英+长石+方沸石)三端元统计分类,阜二段岩性组分类型以混合类型为主,其黏土类、长英质类和碳酸盐岩类组分没有一种超过50%,质量分数介于25%~35%。阜二段脆性矿物含量高,质量分数介于40%~80%。根据沉积演化、岩性和电性差异将阜二段从下往上依次分为5个亚段,即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ亚段。研究工区及4口井场移动式二维核磁测量井位分布见图1。
二维核磁共振通过测量岩石孔隙中流体纵向弛豫时间(T1)、横向弛豫时间(T2)和扩散系数(D)等参数来区分油、气、水等流体类型及其赋存状态,计算各流体组分含量和饱和度。对于页岩油储层,目前采用核磁共振T1-T2二维谱进行流体组分识别与定量评价。
核磁共振信号的形态受流体性质、等待时间、回波间隔和磁场梯度等因素影响,对这些信号反演可以生成T1-T2二维谱,获得反映流体特性的弛豫时间(T1、T2)等参数。通常二维核磁共振测量采用饱和恢复-CPMG脉冲系列(SR-CPMG)记录原始信号,包含一系列相同回波间隔、不同等待时间的多组回波串数据。依据SR-CPMG脉冲序列,核磁共振回波信号可用如下二维第一类弗雷德霍姆(Fredholm)积分表示[42]:
bi,jTW,i,TE,i,tj=∫0∞∫0∞fT1,T21-exp-TW,iT1exp-tjT2dT1dT2
式中:bi,j为第i组回波串第j个回波的信号幅度,%;TW,i为第i组回波串的等待时间,单位ms;TE,i为第i组回波串的回波间隔,单位ms;tj=jTE,i,为第i组回波串第j个回波的衰减时间,单位ms;T1为纵向弛豫时间,单位ms;T2为横向弛豫时间,单位ms;fT1,T2为二维核磁共振T1-T2谱的孔隙度分量。
为获得二维核磁共振谱,需对测量的回波串数据进行反演计算。根据式(1)构建由多组回波串组合的离散方程组,可写成如下形式[43]:
K1,m1×n/σ1⋮Ki,mi×n/σi⋮Kl,ml×n/σlfn×1=b1,m1×1/σ1⋮bi,mi×1/σi⋮bl,ml×1/σl=Km×nfn×1=bm×1
式中:Ki,mi×n为第i组回波串的核矩阵;bi,mi×1为由第i组回波串构建的向量;fn×1为需要反演求解的包含n个T1,T2分量的密度分布;σi为第i组回波串的噪声标准差;l为回波串组数;mi为第i组回波串的回波个数,m=m1+⋯+mi+⋯+ml。
式(2)的求解属于严重的病态问题,易受噪声干扰,需采用正则化反演方法求解,如采用截断奇异值分解法、吉洪诺夫正则化、最大熵和混合范数方法[44-47]等。
利用核磁共振确定页岩储层的物性和流体性质,关键是获得反映地层和流体性质的T2谱和T1-T2谱。核磁谱分布不仅与地层流体内在因素有关,还受仪器测量参数和环境参数的外在因素影响,包括仪器主频、采集参数、温度和压力等。对于页岩油储层来说,温度和回波间隔是影响核磁共振响应的主要外在影响因素。
孔隙中流体的黏度随温压条件变化而改变,进而引起核磁共振响应差异,使得同一样品在井下和实验室等不同环境下的测量结果出现明显差别。随着温度升高,流体的核磁共振横向弛豫时间T2逐渐增大,如沥青质在常温条件下(如实验室环境),其T2谱峰值小于0.2 ms,而在高温条件下(如井下条件),其T2谱峰值远大于0.2 ms[48]。在北港102斜井井场核磁共振测量中,对阜二段中长度约1 m的全直径页岩岩心在不同温度条件下进行了对比测量,随着温度由8 ℃逐步升高至22 ℃和34 ℃,核磁共振T2对数均值显著增大(图2)。因此,在处理核磁共振数据时,若不考虑温度因素的影响,将可能导致孔隙度计算误差甚至错误结果。对于页岩油储层,压力不会造成T2谱峰位置移动,对核磁信号幅度的影响也很小。
仪器测量参数中回波间隔和共振频率(主频)对测量结果影响大。回波间隔越大,测量丢失的T2短弛豫组分越多,测量的孔隙度越小。高主频仪器对应着高场强,通常会导致部分T2分布长弛豫组分向短弛豫方向偏移,而短弛豫组分相对偏移较小。特别是当样品中存在顺磁性矿物(如黄铁矿)时,仪器场强越大导致岩心内部磁场梯度越大,加快流体的扩散弛豫,长弛豫组分向短弛豫方向偏移会更加明显。在研究中,井场核磁和井下核磁测量都采用相同的回波间隔(0.2 ms)和共振频率(2 MHz),既可保证页岩油测量精度的需要,又可消除由于回波间隔和共振频率差异造成地面和地下测量的核磁共振谱形态差异。
针对苏北盆地阜二段页岩油储层,区域范围内系统采集了4口井场移动式二维核磁测量资料,包括溱潼凹陷2口(溱页8-1X03井和红页201-4井)、海安凹陷1口(海页1井)和金湖凹陷1口(北港102斜井)。其中,海页1井为常规取心井场核磁共振测试,其他3口井为密闭取心井场核磁共振测试。同时针对性地采样进行实验室分析测试,包括物性和含油性测试等,为建立和验证基于井场移动式二维核磁页岩油储层物性和含油性评价方法奠定了基础。另外,为建立基于井下核磁共振页岩油储层物性和含油性定量评价技术,4口井都进行了二维核磁共振测井资料采集。
由于井下核磁测井测量回波间隔为0.2 ms,共振频率为2 MHz,作为对比分析,井场移动式核磁共振测量也采用0.2 ms回波间隔,2 MHz共振频率测量,确保井场、井下测量的核磁共振谱形态一致。此外,为提高信噪比并确保探测到小孔隙中的流体信号,井场移动式核磁测量分别采用多次扫描叠加与多组等待时间的测量方法。脉冲系列(SR-CPMG)等待时间分别为0.100、0.203、0.412、0.835、1.694、3.436、6.971、14.142、28.690、58.203、118.077、239.541、485.956、985.856、2 000.000 ms,回波间隔为0.2 ms,回波数量为2 000个,叠加次数为8次。
阜二段页岩储集空间为不同尺度孔隙和裂缝构成的多重孔隙介质系统。孔隙分为粒间孔隙、晶间孔隙(主要为黏土矿物晶间孔和黄铁矿矿物晶间孔等)、粒内溶孔(主要为长石矿物和碳酸盐矿物粒内溶孔),此外还发育少量有机孔隙。电子显微镜下孔隙大小分布介于2~100 nm,以2~50 nm为主。总体来说,阜二段页岩油储层以无机孔隙为主导,少量发育有机孔。
阜二段页岩油储层裂缝类型包括层理缝、成岩缝和少量高角度构造缝。层理缝主要发育于黏土质与长石、石英之间,其次是黏土质与碳酸盐之间的层间缝。裂缝宽度为微米-毫米级别,孔隙和裂缝构成多尺度孔隙介质系统,孔径(孔隙直径)主要介于2.0~50.0 nm和0.2~100.0 μm,呈现显著的跨尺度多峰分布特征。根据国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)标准[49],按孔径大小将孔隙分为3类:微孔(孔径小于2 nm)、介孔(孔径介于2~50 nm)和大孔(孔径大于50 nm)。阜二段页岩油储层孔隙以介孔为主,其次为大孔。据王民等[50]的研究,济阳坳陷沙河街组页岩油储层游离油孔径下限为5 nm,可动油孔径下限为30 nm,按照这个标准,阜二段页岩油储层有效孔隙中的流体介于70%~80%为游离状态,介于20%~30%为可动状态。
由于页岩油储层孔隙结构和矿物组分复杂,采用依次交替饱和水与饱和油的方式对岩样进行核磁共振测量,这样可以获得完整的核磁共振谱[51-54]。图3a展示阜二段页岩岩心样品依次干燥(黑色线)、自吸饱和水(绿色线)、加压饱和水(深蓝色线)、离心驱水(天蓝色线)、自吸饱和油(红色线)后核磁共振T2谱特征,可以看出饱和油(红色线)、饱和水(深蓝色线)后岩样核磁共振T2谱分布具有明显差异:饱和油T2谱相对于饱和水T2谱具有显著的“拖尾”现象,饱和油T2弛豫时间从0.01 ms到10 000.00 ms,而饱和水T2弛豫时间仅从0.01 ms到1 000.00 ms。这种差异本质上是页岩跨尺度复杂孔隙中流体与孔隙表面不同弛豫率所致,宏观表象则可能反映不同孔隙组分表面润湿性差异。采用依次交替饱和水和饱和油的方式测量得到核磁T2谱分布与高压汞注入实验确定的孔径分布具有良好的一致性(图3b),而单纯简单饱和水核磁共振T2谱分布与压汞实验确定的孔径分布一致性差。利用该研究确定T2弛豫时间与孔径之间转换关系如下:
rd=cT2
式中:rd为孔隙半径,单位nm;c为刻度系数,单位nm/ms,取值45 nm/ms。
李军等[51]曾针对奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组页岩气储层采用同样的方法研究,得出刻度系数为52 nm/ms。可以看出,2个研究区的T2时间与孔径转换关系比较接近,但这可能是偶然巧合,各个地区需基于专项实验确定这种转换关系。需要指出的是,核磁共振T2时间与孔径转换关系一般是通过岩石样品饱和水实验建立起来的,通常可以获得良好的效果。但像类似研究区阜二段页岩油储层,孔隙结构和矿物组分都复杂,单纯饱和水核磁T2谱与孔径分布相关性差,不能建立定量表征关系,只有利用依次交替饱和水和饱和油的方式测量核磁共振T2谱才能建立定量转换关系。另外,由于各地区页岩孔隙结构和矿物组分的差异,导致直接采用二维核磁传统理论图版评价页岩油含油性失效,需在专项实验基础上建立针对性的定量评价图版。
针对页岩油储层研究,ELSAYED等[55]给出了干酪根、沥青质、黏土束缚水、毛管束缚水、可动水、束缚油和可动油等组分在二维核磁T1-T2图谱上相对位置,但没有提供T1和T2的具体界限截止值。页岩油储层中,油和水的T2相同时,油的T1/T2值比水的大,可动油、束缚油、沥青质、干酪根等的T1/T2值逐渐增大,可动水、毛管束缚水、黏土束缚水的T2逐渐减小。
通过针对性的高精度二维核磁共振实验,确定各流体组分的核磁分布区间截止值,构建流体识别图版和定量评价模型。针对阜二段页岩柱塞样岩心,采用如下实验方案:①自吸饱和水岩样二维核磁孔隙流体分布特征测量;②干燥岩样二维核磁图谱测量;③自吸水实验;④自吸水状态二维核磁图谱测量;⑤加压饱和水实验;⑥饱和水二维核磁图谱测量;⑦半渗透隔板驱替;⑧驱替状态二维核磁图谱测量;⑨离心驱水后饱和油实验及含油状态二维核磁图谱测量;⑩干燥、渗吸、饱和水、含油多状态二维核磁图谱对比分析。由于储层黏土含量高,在上述实验方案的基础上增加了黏土矿物的核磁谱测量。通过测量干样、饱和水、离心状态下的二维核磁T1-T2谱,用于分析束缚水和可动水的核磁响应特征;测量岩心在不同饱和油状态下的二维核磁T1-T2谱,用于分析束缚油和可动油的核磁响应特征。如图4a所示,将不同状态下的二维核磁T1-T2谱绘制等值线进行重叠对比。其中,烘干状态为红色,饱和水状态为绿色,饱和油状态为粉色,离心状态为蓝色,将各谱峰等值线相交位置作为划分各流体组分T1和T2截止值的参考位置,根据烘干与离心状态的差异确定干酪根、沥青质和束缚水分布区间,根据离心与饱和水状态的差异确定可动水区间,根据饱和油与饱和水状态的差异确定可动油区间,最终确定各流体组分核磁响应的大致分布范围为:干酪根T2<0.2 ms,T1/T2>10;黏土束缚水T2<2.0 ms,T1/T2≤10;毛管束缚水2.0 ms≤T2<8.0 ms,T1/T2≤5;可动水T2≥8.0 ms,T1/ T2<2;可动油T2≥6.0 ms,T1/T2≥2;束缚油0.2 ms≤T2<6.0 ms,T1/T2>5。根据各流体组分的核磁谱峰位置及其分布范围,建立如图4b所示的页岩油储层二维核磁T1-T2谱流体识别图版,用于实验室核磁流体组分定量评价。
井场移动式二维核磁测量与实验室测量温压环境相近,但测量采集回波间隔和精度不同,实验室测量为短回波间隔(0.06 ms)高精度测量,井场核磁测量回波间隔为0.20 ms,测量精度相对较低。实验室测量样品为标准柱塞样品,井场测量样品为全直径样品,样品直径为100 mm或110 mm,长度10 cm以上不等。
与实验室柱塞样岩心测量结果相比,井场移动式二维核磁测量的T1-T2谱分辨率相对较低,主要呈双峰结构,几乎测不到干酪根和沥青质信号,只能反映黏土束缚水、毛管束缚水、可动水、吸附油和可动油等组分信息。在前人研究成果的基础上[55],利用高精度实验室测量结果标定井场移动式二维核磁得到各组分T1、T2截止值(表1)。各区间组分核磁信号幅度经标样刻度后转化为孔隙度分量,最终获得井场全直径岩心的核磁流体划分(图5a),展示了各流体组分在T1-T2谱图上具体界限以及不同色标表示的信号强度(孔隙度分量),从蓝色、橙色到红色,信号逐步增强。
由图5a可知,各区间流体组分核磁信号是经过标准样刻度后的孔隙度分量fT1,T2,因此利用各组分截止值,对信号fT1,T2进行积分,便可实现各流体组分定量评价和物性评价。
首先,采用下述公式计算水的T2分布fwT2:
当T2<2 ms时:
fwT2=∫T1,min5.475 2T20.869 2fT1,T2dT1
当2 ms≤T2<8 ms时:
fwT2=∫5.475 2T20.869 27.905 9T20.339 0fT1,T2dT1
当8 ms≤T2<100 ms时:
fwT2=∫7.905 9T20.339 03.538 3T20.725 6fT1,T2dT1
当T2≥100 ms时:
fwT2=∫100T1,maxfT1,T2dT1
然后,利用上述fwT2计算油的T2分布foT2:
foT2=∫T1,minT1,maxfT1,T2dT1-fwT2
最后,利用上述fwT2和foT2计算可动油、束缚油、可动水、毛管束缚水和黏土束缚水的孔隙度:
φPCBW=∫T2,minT2,c1fwT2dT2
φPBVI=∫T2,c1T2,c2fwT2dT2
φPMW=∫T2,c2T2,maxfwT2dT2
φPBO=∫T2,minT2,c3foT2dT2
φPMO=∫T2,c3T2,maxfoT2dT2
式中:φPCBW为黏土束缚水的孔隙度,%;φPBVI为毛管束缚水的孔隙度,%;φPMW为可动水的孔隙度,%;φPBO为束缚油的孔隙度,%;φPMO为可动油的孔隙度,%;T2,min为T2布点最小值;T2,c1为黏土束缚水T2截止值,取值2 ms;T2,c2为毛管束缚水T2截止值,取值8 ms;T2,c3为束缚油T2截止值,取值8 ms;T2,max为T2布点最大值。
总孔隙度或干骨架孔隙度、有效孔隙度、含油饱和度和可动油饱和度的计算公式如下:
φPORT=φPCBW+φPBVI+φPMW+φPBO+φPMO
φPORE=φPBVI+φPMW+φPBO+φPMO
SO=φPBO+φPMOφPORE
SOM=φPMOφPORE
式中:φPORT为总孔隙度或干骨架孔隙度,%;φPORE为有效孔隙度,%;SO为含水饱和度,%;SOM为可动油饱和度,%。
地质上利用温阶热解法确定页岩可动油含量(S1),借此评价页岩油可动性。S1是指热解温度达到350 ℃,单位质量中热释轻烃含量,二维核磁确定SOM与S1转换关系如下:
S1=1 000SOMφPOREρoBoρr
式中:S1为可动油含量,单位mg/g;ρo为原油密度,单位g/cm3;ρr为页岩油储层密度,单位g/cm3;Bo为原油地层体积系数。
井下二维核磁测井和井场移动式二维核磁测量都采用相同回波间隔和共振频率(0.2 ms,2 MHz),其目的是使二者获得的T1-T2谱形态相似,并且具有相同的干骨架孔隙度。但由于二者温压条件不同,谱峰位置发生移动,因此需要以井场核磁测量为桥梁,利用核磁谱形态相似平移原理进行温压校正,获得井下二维核磁测井评价图版。
通过对比地面井场与井下核磁测量的谱峰位置,发现井下核磁束缚流体与可动流体谱峰的T2分别增加了0.5倍和3.0倍。据此,按照T2的变化比例调整二者的T2截止值,将黏土束缚水T2截止值由2 ms调整为3 ms,毛管束缚水和束缚油的T2截止值分别由8 ms和6 ms调整为32 ms和24 ms,校正地面井场建立的核磁流体划分图版,使其适用于实际井下条件的解释,从而建立如图5b所示的井下核磁流体划分图版。各流体组分具体截止值列于表2中。
同样,利用图5b上各流体组分截止值,对核磁信号进行积分计算,确定各组分含量和孔隙度。具体方法与前述井场二维核磁计算方法相同,但积分所用信号和截止值不同,信号为井下测量信号,截止值为经过温压校正后的截止值。
首先计算水的T2分布fwT2:
fwT2=∫T1,min13.519 473T20.674 743fT1,T2dT1
然后,根据式(8)计算油的T2分布foT2。最后,依据式(9)—式(18)计算各流体组分的孔隙度和其他地质参数。
页岩油储层自生自储的地质特点决定页岩油具有全孔隙含油特征,无论大孔、中孔和微孔都可能含油,含油饱和度较高,但能否流动产出则与流动性有关。基于二维核磁共振测量,依据式(9)—式(18)不仅可以确定页岩储层有效孔隙度和总含油饱和度,还可以确定可动油饱和度和可动油含量。利用这些参数,再结合岩性、岩相等因素对页岩油进行分级分类评价,在此基础上实现压裂选层评价。
海页1井位于东部苏北盆地海安凹陷,是1口页岩油风险探井,目的层段为阜二段,常规取心井段介于3 370.30 m~3 521.04 m。在井场对全直径岩心实施二维核磁共振测量,并对测量结果实时解释评价,获得页岩有效孔隙度、含油饱和度、可动油饱和度和可动油含量等地质参数(图6)。图6展示了有效孔隙度、含油饱和度、可动油饱和度和可动油含量分布情况,除顶部3 370.30 m~3 389 m井段有效孔隙度较高,达到15%~20%外,其它井段较低,分布在4.0%~5.3%,变化不大。含油饱和度整体较高,介于75%~80%,但可动油饱和度较低,介于10%~30%,可动油含量大多分布在0.5%~1.0%。只有在3 434 m~3 462 m井段,可动油饱和度达到20%~40%,可动油含量达到1%~5%,为该井最优“甜点”段,对应地质层位为阜二段二亚段2、3、4、5小层,岩心观察表明该“甜点”段纹层及层理缝最发育。值得指出的是,顶部3 370.30 m~3 389 m井段对应阜二段三亚段2、3小层,虽然有效孔隙度高,但可动油含量低,孔隙中以重烃和束缚油为主,并不是“甜点”段。根据评价结果,阜二段二亚段2、3、4、5小层为最优“甜点”段,以此作为水平井靶窗向凹陷区方向追踪“甜点”,压裂后获高产工业油流。
井场移动式二维核磁测量能最大限度避免轻烃逸散造成的影响,提供较为可靠的物性和含油性参数,可以确定储层的总孔隙度、有效孔隙度以及可动油、束缚油、束缚水和可动水的孔隙度。
为获取准确的储层储量参数,要进行密闭取心,并进行物性和含油性测量。对于密闭取心,由于密闭液(蓖麻油)对核磁共振测量的影响,现场要对密闭液进行清理,然后及时测量(4 h以内完成测量)。针对溱页8-1X3井阜二段页岩密闭取心岩心,在井场进行二维核磁共振测量,主要测量参数回波间隔为0.2 ms,共振频率为2 MHz,与井下测井仪器一致。利用井场二维核磁共振测量得到总孔隙度、有效孔隙度、含油饱和度等关键参数,实验室同步采样进行物性和含油饱和度测量。图7分别呈现了井场核磁共振测量的有效孔隙度和含油饱和度与实验室分析化验结果的对比关系,黑色“短棍棒”数据点为井场核磁共振测量结果,红色“方块”数据点为实验室分析结果。整体来看,核磁共振测量结果与实验室岩心测量结果基本一致。显然,井场核磁测量数据点密集,分布规整;相比之下,实验室测量数据点(尤其是含油饱和度)则表现出数据点分布稀疏,且数值波动幅度大。目前,页岩油储层物性及含油饱和度的实验室分析存在诸多挑战和不确定性,主要表现在:①页岩中干酪根、重烃和轻烃并存,地质认识不统一,实验中洗油流程和标准不统一,造成不同方法测量结果不一致,具有不确定性,且测量周期长;②页岩孔隙度低和非均质性强导致测量误差控制难;③实验室测量为破坏性测量,不能重复测量和大规模测量。与此相比,井场二维核磁共振测量是无损测量,测量速度快,可以大规模测量,只要二维核磁横向弛豫时间(T2)和纵向弛豫时间(T1)截止值选择恰当,就可以获得较准确的页岩物性及含油性参数。
由于页岩油储层具有特低孔渗特征,即使是常规取心,油气散失也相对较慢,且井场核磁共振测量是全直径岩心测量,岩心体积较大,岩心中心位置油气基本尚未散失,因此,对于常规取心,井场二维核磁快速测量也能较准确地反映页岩含油性。海页1井阜二段进行了常规取心,井场实施全直径二维核磁共振测量,得到孔隙度和含油饱和度参数,实验室进行了有效孔隙度和可动油含量测量。为减少岩心中油气散失的影响,在现场选取部分岩样进行液氮冷冻,带回实验室解冻后进行含油性分析。实验室并没有直接分析含油饱和度,而是采用温阶热解法分析岩样中的可动油含量。图8分别呈现了2种方法测量有效孔隙度和可动油含量结果的对比,黑色“短棍棒”数据点为井场核磁共振测量结果,红色“方块”数据点为实验室分析结果,可以看出井场二维核磁测量孔隙度与实验室测量孔隙度高度一致,可动油含量也接近。目前实验室基于温阶热解法分析可动油含量方法成熟,有统一的流程标准,可以快速测量和规模化应用,结合核磁共振测量是评价页岩中可动油含量的有效手段。从海页1井测量结果可以看出,即使是常规取心,井场二维核磁测量仍可以获得较准确的页岩有效孔隙度和含油性参数。
井下二维核磁测井是真实地层条件下的测量,理论上反映的是原位地层参数。在及时测井条件下,由于页岩特低孔渗特征,泥浆侵入浅,核磁测井反映原始地层物性和含油性特征。而井下测井仪器、井场测量仪器、实验室测量仪器的精度、测量参数和测量温度压力差异,造成了测量结果的不一致性。因此,保持井下仪器与地面井场仪器采集回波间隔和共振频率一致,并对环境影响因素进行校正,实现井场地面测量和井下测量结果一致性,达到实现页岩油物性、含油性参数原位测量的目的。
图9为红页201-4井场、井下二维核磁测量结果对比,呈现了井场和井下核磁共振T2谱,黑色“短棒”数据点分别代表井场二维核磁共振测量的总孔隙度、有效孔隙度和含油饱和度,而蓝色实线代表井下核磁共振测井的结果,从整体看井场和井下核磁结果二者基本吻合,局部段(如深度介于3 800.5 m~3 802.5 m的井段)由于受井眼扩径影响,井下核磁测井数据失真,导致总孔隙度和有效孔隙度偏大。这里总孔隙度是指干黏土骨架孔隙度,相当于实验室完全干燥条件下测量的总孔隙度,对于核磁响应来说,相当于包括黏土水体积在内的总孔隙度。井场、井下核磁测量都采用0.2 ms的回波间隔,相同回波间隔是保证井场与井下核磁测量总孔隙度一致性的关键。有效孔隙度指不包含黏土水体积在内的连通孔隙度。井场核磁测量的分辨率明显高于井下核磁测井测量的分辨率,由于井场地面和井下温压条件不同,核磁响应谱峰发生移动,必须考虑不同测量环境建立流体识别图版,确定T1和T2截止值,才能得到地面和地下有效孔隙度、含油饱和度一致的测量结果。
经过苏北盆地区域范围内溱页8-1X3井、海页1井和北港102斜井这3口井的对比验证,井场和井下二维核磁测量结果也高度一致,表明论文提出的方法对于苏北盆地阜二段页岩油评价是普遍适用的。在实验室岩心测量指导下,以移动式井场核磁为桥梁,利用井下二维核磁测井可以得到地层条件下孔隙度和含油饱和度参数。
1)利用井场移动式二维核磁共振测量能够较准确地获得页岩油储层孔隙度、含油饱和度和可动油饱和度等储层关键参数,在页岩可动油评价方面具有显著优势,而且测量速度快,对岩心无损害,可重复多次测量。
2)实验室测量与井场移动式二维核磁测量温压环境相同,可以利用实验室高精度测量结果对井场移动式二维核磁共振谱进行标定,建立页岩物性及含油性定量评价模型,井场、井下核磁测量的回波间隔和共振频率相同,核磁共振谱形态相似,以井场二维核磁为桥梁,对温压进行校正,实现地层条件下二维核磁共振测井页岩油储层物性和含油性评价。
3)基于井场移动式二维核磁共振页岩油储层物性和含油性参数测量技术本质上是一种间接测量技术,并不能取代必要的岩心实验室直接测量。相反,核磁共振测量精度依赖于基于地质条件和测量条件的量化图版和评价模型的准确建立。换言之,各地区应通过必要的实验室岩心直接测量建立适用于该地区页岩油储层评价图版和模型,而不能套用通用理论图版和模型。

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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025436
  • 接收时间:2025-12-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-03-26
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    1 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京 102206
    2 北京青檬艾柯科技有限公司,北京 102200
    3 成都理工大学,四川   成都 610059

通讯作者:

李军(1967—),男,博士,教授级高级工程师,主要从事测井资料解释与评价的工作。地址:北京市昌平区百沙路197号,邮政编码:102206。E-mail:
参考文献
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/yqcpjykf/CN/10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025436
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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