Article(id=1322942022478344523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025379, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754409600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343557233, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784995200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343557233, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343557233, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343557233, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941842395889747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='4', pageStart='737', pageEnd='948', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784995200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343514297, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344192960, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944689019695905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944689019695906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=865, endPage=873, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322942022658699596, articleId=1322942022478344523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Simulation of uniform fracture propagation via perforation cluster position optimization in shale oil horizontal wells, columnId=1322941621217657699, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Engineering Techniques, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Shale oil reservoirs exhibit strong heterogeneity, and in-situ stress field, rock mechanical properties, and lithological non-uniformity around the target zone are significant, leading to large differences in initiation pressure among different perforation clusters in horizontal wells. Consequently, unbalanced fracture initiation and propagation among clusters within a fracturing stage occur, severely affecting the stimulated reservoir volume and stimulation efficiency. To address these issues, this study first optimized the perforation cluster positions within each fractured well stage by minimizing the differences in initiation pressure among perforation clusters. Subsequently, considering the stress interference effect between multi-cluster fractures, the non-uniform stress field during reservoir fracturing was calculated. A multi-cluster hydraulic fracture propagation model for shale oil was then established, and finally a method for regulating uniform propagation of multi-cluster fractures was developed. Taking the horizontal shale oil well NC1 as an example, this study performed the non-uniform perforation cluster layout optimization with the objective of minimizing the differences in initiation pressure among perforation clusters. The fracture propagation before and after perforation cluster optimization was simulated and comparatively analyzed, and the effectiveness of fracture control after optimization was evaluated. The results indicated that after perforation cluster optimization, the average initiation pressure difference across all stages decreased from 7.04 MPa to 1.03 MPa. The average fracture length coefficient of variation across all stages decreased from 0.22 to 0.09, with the coefficient of variation decreasing in each stage, and all cluster fractures in each stage successfully initiated. The standard deviation of the inflow rates per cluster in well NC1, derived from high-frequency pressure wave cepstrum inversion, was less than 10, indicating a relatively uniform distribution of inflow rate among clusters. The regulation of hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation was significantly effective. This study provides a theoretical framework for enhancing the effectiveness of perforation cluster fracturing in shale oil horizontal wells and regulating the uniform propagation of fractures among clusters, offering valuable guidance for the design of multi-cluster perforation in field shale oil horizontal wells.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=LAN REN1, JIA LI1, ZHIHAO YU1, RAN LIN1, JIANFA WU2, YI SONG2, CHENG SHEN2, WENJIE GAN3, ZHIQIANG LI1, 4, authorsList=LAN REN, JIA LI, ZHIHAO YU, RAN LIN, JIANFA WU, YI SONG, CHENG SHEN, WENJIE GAN, ZHIQIANG LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=ZHIHAO YU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322942024281895263, articleId=1322942022478344523, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=页岩油水平井射孔簇点位置优化调控裂缝均衡延伸模拟, columnId=1322941621964243813, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=工程工艺, runingTitle=null, highlight=

页岩油储层非均质性较强,靶体周围的地应力、岩石力学性质、非均质性显著,从而导致页岩油水平井不同射孔簇点处的破裂压力存在较大差异,压裂井段内各簇裂缝存在不均衡起裂延伸现象,严重影响储层改造体积和改造效率。针对上述问题,研究首先基于压裂井段内各射孔簇点破裂压力差异最小化优化了各压裂井段内的射孔簇点位置,然后考虑多簇裂缝的缝间应力干扰效应计算储层压裂期间的非均匀应力场,进而构建页岩油多簇水力裂缝延伸模型,最后形成页岩油多簇裂缝均衡延伸调控方法。以页岩油水平井NC1井为例,以各射孔簇点破裂压力差最小化为目标进行非均匀射孔布簇优化,模拟对比分析了射孔簇点优化前后压裂裂缝延伸情况,对射孔簇点优化后裂缝调控效果进行了评价。研究发现,射孔簇点优化后,全井段平均破裂压力差由7.04 MPa降低至1.03 MPa,所有井段平均缝长变异系数由0.22降低至0.09,各井段缝长变异系数均变小且各井段所有簇点裂缝全部起裂。高频压力波倒谱反演NC1井各段各簇裂缝进液量标准差小于10,各簇裂缝进液量分配较为均匀,调控水力裂缝起裂延伸效果显著。研究可为提高页岩油水平井射孔簇压裂有效性和调控各簇裂缝均衡延伸提供理论方法,对现场页岩油水平井多簇射孔设计具有指导意义。

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任岚(1979—),男,博士,教授,主要从事油气藏压裂酸化理论与应用方面的科研和教学工作。地址:四川省成都市新都区新都大道8号,邮政编码:610500。E-mail:

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于志豪(1993—),男,博士,讲师,主要从事非常规储层增产改造理论和技术和岩石力学科研工作。地址:四川省成都市新都区新都大道8号,邮政编码:610500。E-mail:
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任岚(1979—),男,博士,教授,主要从事油气藏压裂酸化理论与应用方面的科研和教学工作。地址:四川省成都市新都区新都大道8号,邮政编码:610500。E-mail:

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任岚(1979—),男,博士,教授,主要从事油气藏压裂酸化理论与应用方面的科研和教学工作。地址:四川省成都市新都区新都大道8号,邮政编码:610500。E-mail:

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注:图中不同颜色代表不同井段各簇裂缝。

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注:图中不同颜色代表不同井段各簇裂缝。

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参数类型参数名称数值
地质参数最大水平主应力/MPa52
最小水平主应力/MPa43
垂向应力/MPa50
杨氏模量/GPa32
泊松比0.26
压裂施工参数井筒直径/mm139.7
射孔内径/mm9.5
单簇孔数8
簇数5~6
排量/(m3/min)19
单段液量/m31 800~2 000
压裂液黏度/(mPa·s)5
), ArticleFig(id=1322942030900507063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022478344523, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

NC1井多簇水力裂缝延伸数值模拟地质参数与压裂施工参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数类型参数名称数值
地质参数最大水平主应力/MPa52
最小水平主应力/MPa43
垂向应力/MPa50
杨氏模量/GPa32
泊松比0.26
压裂施工参数井筒直径/mm139.7
射孔内径/mm9.5
单簇孔数8
簇数5~6
排量/(m3/min)19
单段液量/m31 800~2 000
压裂液黏度/(mPa·s)5
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页岩油水平井射孔簇点位置优化调控裂缝均衡延伸模拟
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任岚 1 , 李佳 1 , 于志豪 1 , 林然 1 , 吴建发 2 , 宋毅 2 , 沈骋 2 , 淦文杰 3 , 李志强 1, 4
油气藏评价与开发 | 工程工艺 2026,16(4): 865-873
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油气藏评价与开发 |工程工艺 2026 , 16 (4) : 865 -873
页岩油水平井射孔簇点位置优化调控裂缝均衡延伸模拟
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任岚(1979—),男,博士,教授,主要从事油气藏压裂酸化理论与应用方面的科研和教学工作。地址:四川省成都市新都区新都大道8号,邮政编码:610500。E-mail:

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任岚1 , 李佳1, 于志豪1, 林然1, 吴建发2, 宋毅2, 沈骋2, 淦文杰3, 李志强1, 4
作者信息
  • 1 西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川   成都 610500
  • 2 中国石油西南油气田公司页岩气研究院,四川   成都 610051
  • 3 中国石油川中油气矿,四川   遂宁 629000
  • 4 重庆科技大学,重庆 401331
通讯作者:
于志豪(1993—),男,博士,讲师,主要从事非常规储层增产改造理论和技术和岩石力学科研工作。地址:四川省成都市新都区新都大道8号,邮政编码:610500。E-mail:
作者简介:

任岚(1979—),男,博士,教授,主要从事油气藏压裂酸化理论与应用方面的科研和教学工作。地址:四川省成都市新都区新都大道8号,邮政编码:610500。E-mail:

Simulation of uniform fracture propagation via perforation cluster position optimization in shale oil horizontal wells
LAN REN1 , JIA LI1, ZHIHAO YU1, RAN LIN1, JIANFA WU2, YI SONG2, CHENG SHEN2, WENJIE GAN3, ZHIQIANG LI1, 4
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
  • 2 Shale Gas Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu, Sichuan 610051, China
  • 3 PetroChina Chuanzhong Oil & Gas Mine, Suining, Sichuan 629000, China
  • 4 Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, China
出版时间: 2026-07-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025379
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页岩油  /  破裂压力  /  非均匀射孔布簇  /  缝长变异系数  /  均衡延伸
shale oil  /  initiation pressure  /  non-uniform perforation cluster layout  /  fracture length coefficient of variation  /  uniform fracture propagation
任岚, 李佳, 于志豪, 林然, 吴建发, 宋毅, 沈骋, 淦文杰, 李志强. 页岩油水平井射孔簇点位置优化调控裂缝均衡延伸模拟. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (4) : 865 -873 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025379
LAN REN, JIA LI, ZHIHAO YU, RAN LIN, JIANFA WU, YI SONG, CHENG SHEN, WENJIE GAN, ZHIQIANG LI. Simulation of uniform fracture propagation via perforation cluster position optimization in shale oil horizontal wells[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (4) : 865 -873 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025379
与常规储层相比,页岩油储层地质工程条件更为复杂[1-4],页岩油储层在压裂过程中表现出显著的非均质性特征[5]。具体而言,同一压裂段内各射孔簇所处位置往往存在原位应力场分布不均,储层岩石力学特性存在显著差异,同时天然裂缝网络发育程度呈现非均匀分布特征[6]。这些地质因素与孔隙弹性效应、应力干扰相互作用,导致各射孔簇的裂缝破裂压力存在差异[7-11]。为了在页岩油储层中形成“人造油藏”,建造高复杂度有效缝网,密簇压裂技术逐步发展成熟,簇数由3簇增加至5~11簇,簇间距由25~30 m缩减至5~10 m。工程实践表明:由于各射孔簇位置的破裂压力存在显著差异,导致多簇裂缝系统呈现明显的非均匀扩展特征,射孔簇产能贡献率显著下降[12-14]。
为了实现水平井分段多簇裂缝均衡扩展,前人在关于射孔孔眼摩阻、裂缝间流体竞争分配以及缝间干扰效应影响下的簇间距和射孔参数优化方面开展了充分的研究工作[15-18]。例如,王维等[19]系统考察了压裂段内射孔簇数量、簇间距离以及空间分布模式对裂缝网络形成的影响规律,并基于裂缝扩展形态和均匀性评价指标的定量分析,优化了射孔簇布置方案,包括合理的簇数范围、最佳的簇间距以及高效的布簇模式。郭天魁等[20]系统模拟了多簇射孔条件下裂缝网络的竞争扩展过程,研究发现射孔参数的合理配置可显著改善裂缝扩展的均匀性。HUANG等[21]应用三维离散元数值模拟方法,研究发现水力裂缝发生偏转与非均匀扩展和裂缝宽度、射孔簇间距密切相关,并据此优化了射孔簇布置方案。LU等[22]研究发现采用非均匀簇间距及实用限流技术等优化措施,可显著改善压裂段的裂缝扩展效果。但是未考虑到储层地质特征如破裂压力等对裂缝起裂延伸的影响。为了实现水平井分段多簇裂缝均衡扩展,技术人员也研发了多项创新工艺。通过缝口暂堵、差异化射孔、极限限流压裂、分段投球、变黏压裂液等以及上述手段相结合的复合压裂工艺技术,可有效改善裂缝系统的扩展均匀性,这些工艺技术的创新和应用显著提升了储层改造效果,增强了页岩油开发的经济可行性[23-27]。
上述研究在优化射孔参数与裂缝扩展均衡性方面取得了较多成果,但普遍忽视了储层内部破裂压力的空间差异。页岩油储层表现出强非均质性,这种地质条件的复杂性导致不同井段及各射孔簇位置的破裂压力值产生显著差异,这种差异直接影响裂缝的起裂顺序和液体分配。若未能充分考虑破裂压力分布规律,优化方案往往偏于理想化,导致模拟预测与实际压裂效果存在偏差。
结合测井解释数据,首次将各射孔簇点的破裂压力分布纳入优化目标,使射孔簇点布置更贴合储层实际非均质性。基于压裂井段内各射孔簇点破裂压力差异最小化优化射孔簇点位置,利用弹性力学理论、断裂力学原理和位移不连续方法,构建考虑缝间应力干扰效应的多簇裂缝延伸数值模型,开展非均匀射孔条件下的多簇水力裂缝延伸模拟,最后将破裂压力差、缝长变异系数以及各簇裂缝进液量相结合,形成一套系统的均衡延伸调控评价指标和调控方法。该方法能够准确模拟射孔位置优化前后的裂缝扩展特征,通过对比分析起裂压力变化和裂缝长度差异系数,定量评估射孔优化方案对裂缝系统的调控效果。
获取页岩油水平井全井段破裂压力和段内均匀射孔布簇下全部射孔簇点位置。其中,页岩油水平井全井段破裂压力即为测井数据解释所得到的水平段A靶点至B靶点每0.125 m井深处的储层破裂压力。段内均匀射孔布簇下的全部射孔簇点位置可以根据各压裂井段段簇间距、各压裂段簇数以及B靶点井深计算得到。
以压裂井段内各簇点处与平均破裂压力绝对误差值最小为目标,优化调整各压裂井段内射孔簇点位置:
εj±δ=minpj±δ-p*
Lj=Lj±δ
pj=pj±δ
式(1)—式(3)中:εj±δ为搜索范围δ内破裂压力与平均破裂压力最小绝对误差值,单位MPa;pj±δ为搜索范围δ内破裂压力,单位MPa;p*为平均破裂压力,单位MPa;Lj为第j簇处的井深,单位m;Lj±δ为搜索范围δ内井深,单位m;pj为第j簇处的破裂压力,单位MPa。
射孔簇点位置优化流程如图1所示。
利用位移不连续方法(Displacement Discontinutity Method,DDM)[28-29]计算非均匀地应力场,列出裂缝单元应力平衡方程组:
σt,i=∑j=1NAtt,ijDt,j+∑j=1NAtn,ijDn,j
σn,i=∑j=1NAnt,ijDt,j+∑j=1NAnn,ijDn,j
式(4)—式(5)中:σt, i和σn, i分别为i单元所受切应力和正应力,单位MPa;Att, ij、Atn, ij、Ant, ij、Ann, ij为j单元切向位移和法向位移不连续量分别在i单元上引起的切向应力分量和法向应力分量;Dt, j和Dn, j分别为j单元切向应变和法向应变,单位m;N为裂缝单元总数。
i单元应力边界条件如下:
σt,i=0
σn,i=-pnet=-(pf-σh)
式中:pnet为内部净压力,单位MPa;pf为缝内压力,单位MPa;σh为最小主应力,单位MPa。
利用裂缝法向应变和切向应变计算诱导应力分量,计算方程为:
Δσxx=GDn2π(1-ν)[2egF3+(e2-g2)F4+ζ(gF5+eF6)]+GDt2π(1-ν)[2e2F3-2egF4+ζ(eF5-gF6)]
Δσyy=GDn2π(1-ν)[2egF3+(e2-g2)F4-ζ(gF5+eF6)]-GDt2π(1-ν)[2g2F3+2egF4+ζ(eF5-gF6)]
Δσxy=GDn2π(1-ν)ζ(gF6-eF5)+GDt2π(1-ν)[F4+ζ(gF5+eF6)]
Δσzz=ν(Δσxx+Δσyy)
式(8)—式(11)中:Δσxx、Δσyy、Δσxy、Δσzz为诱导应力分量,单位MPa;G为剪切模量,单位MPa;Dn、Dt分别为法向应变(裂缝宽度)和切向应变,单位m;ν为泊松比;e和g分别为局部坐标系ζ轴与全局坐标系x轴和y轴夹角的余弦值;F3-F6为Papkovitch函数偏导方程;ζ为局部坐标系中的y坐标。
利用叠加原理即可计算储层当前的非均匀地应力场。
每条裂缝内的物质平衡方程为:
∂qf(s,t)∂s=2CLhf(s)t-τ(s)+∂ωf(s,t)∂thf(s)
式中:qf为裂缝内压裂液的流量,单位m3/s;s为裂缝长度方向坐标,单位m;t为压裂的时间,单位s;CL为压裂液在裂缝壁面上的滤失系数,单位m/s0.5;hf为压裂裂缝纵向延伸高度,单位m;τ(s)为裂缝长度方向坐标s位置处压裂液开始滤失的时间,单位s;ωf为压裂裂缝的开度,单位m。
裂缝内压裂液的流动方程为:
∂pL∂s=-64μπhfωf3qf
式中:pL为裂缝内流体压力,单位Pa;μ为裂缝内流体的黏度,单位Pa·s。
1.2章节中已述,裂缝法向应变即为裂缝开度,表达式为:
ωf(s)=Dn, is∈i
式中:Dn, i为i单元的法向断距量,单位m。
水力裂缝的高度表达式为:
hf=2π(KICpL-σclose)2
式中:KIC为储层岩石的断裂韧性,单位Pa/m0.5;σclose为作用于裂缝壁面上的闭合应力,单位Pa。
根据最大周向应力准则,水力裂缝在裂尖处会沿着最大周向拉应力的方向继续延伸[30],表达式为:
KⅠsinθHF+KⅡ3cosθHF-1=0
式中:θHF为水力裂缝延伸转向角,单位(°)。
OLSON[31]给出的应力强度因子表达式为:
KⅠ=2πG41-νaDn
KⅡ=2πG41-νaDt
式(17)—式(18)中:KⅠ为第一类应力强度因子,单位Pa·m1/2;KⅡ为第二类应力强度因子,单位Pa·m1/2;a为离散裂缝单元半长,单位m。
由流体力学,压裂过程中各簇裂缝分配所得流量与起裂压力和流体沿程压降密切相关,表达式为:
ph=pb,l+ps,l+∑j=1iΔpr,k+Δpfp,l
pb,l=σmin,l+St
Δpr,k=Cp∑j=1iLr,kqr,k
Cp=128μπdr4
qr,k=qT-∑i=1j-1qi
Δpfp,l=8.1qi2ρnfp,l2dfp,l4αfp,l2
式(19)—式(24)中:ph为水平井跟端压力,单位Pa;pb,l为第l簇裂缝孔眼处的破裂压力,单位Pa;ps,l为第l簇裂缝缝口的净压力,单位Pa;Δpr,k为第k水平井段的流动压降,单位Pa;Δpfp,l为第l簇裂缝孔眼处的摩阻压降,单位Pa;σmin,l为第l簇裂缝孔眼处的最小水平主应力,单位Pa;St为储层岩石抗张强度,单位Pa;Cp为井筒摩阻系数,单位Pa·s/m4;Lr,k为第k水平井段的长度,单位m;qr,k为第k水平井段的流量,单位m3/s;dr为水平井筒直径,单位m;qT为压裂液注入的总流量,单位m3/s;qi为第i条裂缝分配所得的流量,单位m3/s;ρ为压裂液密度,单位kg/m3;nfp,l为第l簇孔眼数量;dfp,l为第l簇孔眼直径,单位m;αfp,l为第l簇孔眼流量系数,一般取0.80~0.85。
根据各压裂井段各簇水力裂缝长度,计算各压裂井段内的水力裂缝缝长变异系数:
ξ=1NHF∑i=1NHF(Lfi-L¯)2/L¯
式中:ξ为各压裂井段缝长变异系数;NHF为各压裂井段内的裂缝条数;i为裂缝序号;Lfi为第i条裂缝的长度,单位m;L¯为压裂井段内裂缝缝长平均值,单位m。
①根据测井数据解释获取水平段A靶点至B靶点每0.125 m井深处的储层破裂压力;②获取段内均匀射孔布簇下水平井段全部射孔簇点位置和对应破裂压力;③以压裂井段内各簇点处破裂压力差最小化为目标,根据式(1)优化调整各压裂井段内射孔簇点位置和对应破裂压力;④联立式(2)—式(11),计算缝内流体压力和裂缝诱导应力干扰下的非均匀应力场和裂缝开度;⑤联立式(12)—式(24),结合步骤②得到的射孔簇点优化前的破裂压力和步骤④计算得到的裂缝开度,计算页岩油水平井均匀射孔布簇下压裂裂缝参数;⑥结合式(25),根据各压裂井段各簇水力裂缝长度,计算各压裂井段内的水力裂缝缝长变异系数。
射孔簇点位置优化调控裂缝均衡延伸示意图如图2所示。
基于上述计算方法与流程,利用建立的页岩油水平井射孔簇点位置优化方法和多簇裂缝延伸模型,模拟表征射孔簇位置优化前后压裂裂缝延伸形态,对比分析射孔簇位置优化前后的破裂压力和缝长变异系数,对射孔簇位置优化后的裂缝调控效果进行评价。
页岩油NC1井所在区块地层压力为27.7 MPa,地层压力系数为1.35,属于异常高压油气藏;地层温度为66 ℃,温度梯度为2.76 ℃/hm,属于中低温储层;孔隙度集中在6.61%~9.40%,渗透率集中在(0.08~0.9)×10-3 μm2,含油饱和度介于44.54%~62.02%,杨氏模量介于30.6~34.3 GPa,泊松比为0.22~0.27;储层以孔隙为主要储集空间,孔隙型油藏特征明显,裂缝不发育;水平最大主应力介于50.38~53.30 MPa,水平最小主应力介于41.20~44.00 MPa,垂向主应力介于50.00~51.00 MPa。矿物组成中,长石质量分数介于33.3%~51.2%,石英质量分数介于29.4%~49.2%,黏土矿物质量分数介于7%~16%。储层油品为轻质油,含少量中质油。NC1井测井解释显示该井全井段破裂压力存在较大差异。
NC1井A靶点井深为2 495 m,垂深为2 078 m,B靶点井深为3 865 m,垂深为2 089 m,实钻水平段长为1 370 m。基于该井实际储层地质参数开展多簇水力裂缝延伸数值模拟,模型地质参数与压裂施工参数如表1所示。
以压裂井段内各簇点处破裂压力差最小化为目标,优化调整各压裂井段内射孔簇点位置。射孔簇点优化前后位置及对应的破裂压力和破裂压力差如图3和图4所示,射孔簇点位置优化后,全井段平均破裂压力差由7.04 MPa降低至1.03 MPa。第12段射孔簇点优化后,破裂压力差降低程度最大,由优化前的36.02 MPa降低至0.79 MPa,射孔簇位置优化后破裂压力差降低效果显著。
基于NC1井射孔簇点优化前后的井深及对应的破裂压力,结合表1中的参数,利用构建的页岩油水平井多簇裂缝延伸模型开展裂缝延伸模拟研究,模拟表征NC1井射孔簇点优化前后的裂缝延伸展布形态(图5—图6)。进而计算射孔簇点优化前后各压裂井段内的缝长变异系数(图7)。
NC1井优化前所有井段平均缝长变异系数0.22,且第3段和第12段存在未起裂的射孔簇;优化后各井段缝长变异系数均减小,所有井段平均缝长变异系数为0.09,各井段所有簇点裂缝全部起裂。射孔簇点位置优化后,个别井段(第10、15和19段)局部簇间距较小,在裂缝间应力干扰效应下,各簇水力裂缝不均衡延伸行为仍较为突出,可结合限流压裂、缝口暂堵、平面射孔等工艺方法进一步调控,提升压裂效果。
基于各射孔簇点破裂压力差最小化的目标,对页岩油NC1井进行非均匀射孔布簇。该井压裂期间,采集各井段井口施工压力曲线高频压力波动信息,并根据高频压力波倒谱反演方法[32]计算各簇裂缝的进液量。该井第7段和全井段各簇裂缝进液量分布情况如图8和图9所示。结果显示,第7段各簇进液量分别为341、338、328、342、320、321 m3,各簇进液量标准差为9.97。基于相同方法,计算得到其他压裂井段各簇裂缝进液量标准差均小于10,因此,利用本研究建立的页岩油水平井射孔簇点位置优化方法对NC1井进行非均匀射孔布簇后,各簇裂缝进液量分配较为均匀,多簇裂缝起裂延伸更加均衡。
以压裂井段内各射孔簇点破裂压力差最小化为目标进行射孔位置优化设计。考虑多簇裂缝缝间应力干扰效应,构建页岩油多簇水力裂缝延伸模型,以页岩油NC1井为例,分别开展射孔簇位置优化前后的水力裂缝延伸模拟,对射孔簇位置优化后的裂缝调控效果进行评价,从而建立页岩油多簇水力裂缝均衡延伸调控方法,得出以下结论:
1)NC1井射孔簇点位置优化后,全井段平均破裂压力差由7.04 MPa降低至1.03 MPa。其中,第12段射孔簇点位置优化后,破裂压力差降低程度最大,由优化前36.02 MPa降低至0.79 MPa,射孔簇位置优化后破裂压力差降低效果显著。
2)NC1井射孔簇点位置优化后,各井段缝长变异系数均减小,全井段平均缝长变异系数由0.22降低至0.09,各井段所有簇点裂缝全部起裂。
3)高频压力波倒谱反演NC1井各段各簇裂缝进液量标准差小于10,各簇裂缝进液量分配较为均匀,所建立的射孔簇点位置优化方法调控多簇裂缝均衡起裂延伸效果显著。

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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025379
  • 接收时间:2025-08-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-26
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    1 西南石油大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川   成都 610500
    2 中国石油西南油气田公司页岩气研究院,四川   成都 610051
    3 中国石油川中油气矿,四川   遂宁 629000
    4 重庆科技大学,重庆 401331

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于志豪(1993—),男,博士,讲师,主要从事非常规储层增产改造理论和技术和岩石力学科研工作。地址:四川省成都市新都区新都大道8号,邮政编码:610500。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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