Article(id=1322957285617697271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322957283147252214, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025340, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1760630400000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793347196249, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1774454400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793347196249, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793347196249, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793347196249, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322957283147252214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='2', pageStart='225', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774454400000', pubDateStr='2026-03-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793347195659, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793348987089, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322964796999611071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322957283147252214, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322964796999611072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322957283147252214, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=225, endPage=237, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322957285831606776, articleId=1322957285617697271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Research on integrated CO2 huff and puff and displacement for enhanced shale oil recovery in Subei Basin, columnId=1322941556788953582, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Specialist Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=

To address the core challenges such as rapid decline and low recovery factor during depletion development after volume fracturing, this study investigated the feasibility and optimization strategies of integrated CO2 huff and puff and displacement for enhancing shale oil recovery in the Subei Basin, following a research approach of mechanism experiments-model construction-field verification. First, multi-mechanism seepage experiments, including shale core imbibition, dissolution, and CO2 huff and puff and displacement, were conducted to reveal pore structure evolution and differences in imbibition and displacement efficiency under the influence of different fluids. The characteristics of hydrocarbon mobilization, pressure propagation, and sweep efficiency in the integrated CO2 huff and puff and displacement mode were quantitatively characterized. Finally, based on the experimental mechanisms and numerical simulation, key technical policies for CO2 injection development (e.g., huff and puff cycles and water-alternating-gas (WAG) timing) were optimized. The experimental results showed that: (1) Under carbonated water conditions, shale pore structures were significantly improved, and the imbibition-displacement equilibrium time was shortened to 15% of that under formation water. (2) CO2 huff and puff preferentially mobilized light hydrocarbon components, and the oil increment increased rapidly at first and then slowed as the huff and puff cycles increased, with the first three cycles accounting for over 90% of the total oil increment. (3) After huff and puff, imbibition pretreatment of the shale cores resulted in a higher CO2 displacement pressure gradient, enabling CO2 to enter smaller pore spaces, strengthening gas channeling suppression and expanding the sweep range, and increasing displacement efficiency by 4.24%. Based on these results, a shale oil development mode of “three-cycle huff and puff + WAG drive” was proposed and optimized using a compositional numerical model, and the end of natural-flow production was selected as the timing for huff and puff and displacement gas injection. This mode fully leveraged miscibility, WAG-driven sweep expansion, and gas channeling suppression, thereby further expanding the extent and degree of CO2 mobilization and increasing recovery by 12.1% compared with depletion development. Pilot injection tests in two wells confirmed that Subei shale oil had favorable gas injection capability. For well LY1-1, the peak daily oil production in the first huff and puff cycle reached 27.9 t, the cumulative oil increment was estimated to be 2 500 t, and the oil exchange ratio was 0.25 t/t (oil produced per 1 t of CO₂ injected), meeting the phased expected targets and confirming the promising development prospects of CO2 injection in Subei shale oil.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=HONGSHENG YAO1, 2, 3, JUNWEI MEI1, JIANXIN TANG1, ZHENGMAO YANG1, WEISHENG QIU1, MINGYUN WANG1, JUN ZENG1, XINYA XIONG1, LING ZAN1, 2, XIAOYING ZHENG1, YUZHU YAN1, PUFU XIAO2, 4, authorsList=HONGSHENG YAO, JUNWEI MEI, JIANXIN TANG, ZHENGMAO YANG, WEISHENG QIU, MINGYUN WANG, JUN ZENG, XINYA XIONG, LING ZAN, XIAOYING ZHENG, YUZHU YAN, PUFU XIAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=JUNWEI MEI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322957290382426653, articleId=1322957285617697271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=苏北盆地页岩油注CO2吞驱一体提高采收率研究, columnId=1322941557069971952, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=专家论坛, runingTitle=null, highlight=

针对页岩油体积压裂后衰竭开发递减快和采收率低等核心难题,通过机理实验-模型构建-矿场验证的研究思路,探究了苏北盆地页岩油注CO₂吞驱一体提高采收率的可行性及优化策略。首先开展页岩岩心渗吸、溶蚀、注CO2吞吐与驱替等多机制渗流实验,揭示不同流体作用下孔隙结构演变及渗吸置换效率差异,定量表征CO2吞驱联作模式下烃类动用特征、压力传播、波及效率;最终结合实验机理与数值模拟,优化注CO₂开发关键技术政策(如吞吐轮次、气水交替时机等)。实验研究表明:①碳酸水条件下可显著改善页岩孔隙结构,渗吸置换平衡时间缩短为地层水的15%;②CO₂吞吐优先动用轻烃组分,增油量随吞吐轮次增加呈先快后缓趋势,前3个轮次增油效果较好,增油量占比90%以上;③吞吐后岩心经渗吸预处理,注CO₂驱替压力梯度更高,促使CO2能进入更小孔隙,且抑气窜能力增强、波及范围更大,驱替效率提升4.24%。据此,结合组分数值模型优化提出页岩油“3个轮次吞吐+气水交替驱”开发模式,优选自喷生产结束为吞吐、驱替注气时机,充分发挥混相、气水交替扩波、抑气窜等作用,进一步扩大CO₂动用范围和程度,比衰竭开发提高采收率12.1%。通过矿场2口井试注,证明了苏北页岩油具备良好的注气能力,其中LY1-1井首轮吞吐峰值日产油量达27.9 t,预计累计增油量为2 500 t,换油率为0.25 t/t(每注入1 t CO2获得的产油量),达到阶段预期目标,证实苏北页岩油具备良好的注CO₂开发前景。

, articleAbstract=null, authors=姚红生1, 2, 3, 梅俊伟1, 唐建信1, 杨正茂1, 邱伟生1, 王明云1, 曾隽1, 熊欣雅1, 昝灵1, 2, 郑晓英1, 颜雨竹1, 肖朴夫2, 4, authorsList=姚红生, 梅俊伟, 唐建信, 杨正茂, 邱伟生, 王明云, 曾隽, 熊欣雅, 昝灵, 郑晓英, 颜雨竹, 肖朴夫, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=梅俊伟, authorNote=

姚红生(1968—),男,本科,正高级工程师,本刊第三届编委会副主任,主要从事油气勘探开发及企业管理工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
梅俊伟(1979—),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事油气资源开发科研生产工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:
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2 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京   102206
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姚红生(1968—),男,本科,正高级工程师,本刊第三届编委会副主任,主要从事油气勘探开发及企业管理工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

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姚红生(1968—),男,本科,正高级工程师,本刊第三届编委会副主任,主要从事油气勘探开发及企业管理工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

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Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2023, 13(2): 141-151., articleTitle=Development mode and practice of fault-block oriented shale oil well in the second member of Funing Formation, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322957290726359582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957290738942495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, companyId=1322957290726359582, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Sinopec East China Oil & Gas Company, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957290747331104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, companyId=1322957290726359582, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国石化华东油气分公司,江苏   南京 210019)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322957290818634273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957291028349474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, companyId=1322957290818634273, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957291040932387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, companyId=1322957290818634273, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京   102206)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322957291103846948, 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articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Comparison of imbibition among shale oil cores, figureFileSmall=X603pqV/Ua0eVDaWJO2TCA==, figureFileBig=y+Jm1iCWwwFgbsdGO+/yAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957299932856956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=图3, caption=页岩油岩心渗吸对比, figureFileSmall=X603pqV/Ua0eVDaWJO2TCA==, figureFileBig=y+Jm1iCWwwFgbsdGO+/yAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957300004160125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Variation characteristics of mobilization during imbibition in shale oil cores, figureFileSmall=hRet0RYi4JTGZ0BLiqJ36Q==, figureFileBig=qSlLG64ez53o0oSoesla6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957300067074686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=图4, caption=页岩油岩心渗吸动用变化特征, figureFileSmall=hRet0RYi4JTGZ0BLiqJ36Q==, figureFileBig=qSlLG64ez53o0oSoesla6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957300129989247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Comparison of variations in shale cores before and after CO2 dissolution, figureFileSmall=bfBnlmgaF/gMshMvhKKC+g==, figureFileBig=LqjIpRyJOawQwyCB6TFeng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957300264206976, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=图5, caption=页岩岩心CO2溶蚀前后变化对比, figureFileSmall=bfBnlmgaF/gMshMvhKKC+g==, figureFileBig=LqjIpRyJOawQwyCB6TFeng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957300331315841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Degree of hydrocarbon mobilization of shale oil cores during CO2 injection huff and puff, figureFileSmall=xUYzmo8qh/WeHiNvbxONsw==, figureFileBig=m5w94RvZ/cxW6w9hMAZdqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957300406813314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=图6, caption=页岩油岩心注CO2吞吐烃类动用程度, figureFileSmall=xUYzmo8qh/WeHiNvbxONsw==, figureFileBig=m5w94RvZ/cxW6w9hMAZdqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957300478116483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of shale oil cores before and after CO₂ injection huff and puff, figureFileSmall=CzBFv1QLQb2h9Voq6OcaIA==, figureFileBig=VGYTY36JPynOvoQH9uS2vA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957300738163332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=图7, caption=页岩油岩心注CO2吞吐前后二维核磁谱图

注:T1为纵向弛豫时间,单位ms。

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figureFileSmall=L3Pzr/Ae3zYcqNHqeRk0UA==, figureFileBig=+RDbBKaBzC7GMea7Q9zjOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957301203731080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=图9, caption=CO2驱前后烃信号量对比, figureFileSmall=L3Pzr/Ae3zYcqNHqeRk0UA==, figureFileBig=+RDbBKaBzC7GMea7Q9zjOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957301270839945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Comparison of hydrocarbon signal intensity before and after water encroachment-CO₂ flooding, figureFileSmall=cWmc6rjh+NT8vnij8Vbhfw==, figureFileBig=w7nWaMEHnDuBXyaNRm/Eeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957301342143114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=图10, caption=水侵-CO2驱前后烃信号量对比, figureFileSmall=cWmc6rjh+NT8vnij8Vbhfw==, figureFileBig=w7nWaMEHnDuBXyaNRm/Eeg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957301551858315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Schematic diagrams of three types of development well patterns, figureFileSmall=wbaVSnEOGeZojCnXR1wAxQ==, figureFileBig=wpVYf6gf7kHo62WHEC8/fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957301681881740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=图11, caption=3种开发井网示意图, figureFileSmall=wbaVSnEOGeZojCnXR1wAxQ==, figureFileBig=wpVYf6gf7kHo62WHEC8/fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957301765767821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Variations in sweep efficiency of CO₂ flooding under different well patterns over 15 years, figureFileSmall=kQoeOiZrLWmk8dsH+x3gEg==, figureFileBig=lFJMyI8BjQcXol2rtS5pFQ==, tableContent=null), 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journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Pressure distribution at end of 15 years under different development methods, figureFileSmall=GX2MHuia9avNjQvnb2HHDA==, figureFileBig=wMslvOiznSI++XZxeSiRjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957302231335570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=图14, caption=不同开发方式15 a末压力分布, figureFileSmall=GX2MHuia9avNjQvnb2HHDA==, figureFileBig=wMslvOiznSI++XZxeSiRjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957302336193171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Cumulative oil production curves under different schemes, figureFileSmall=dq4E1WA46BHMvY18UfgQIg==, figureFileBig=nAxiwWbFmL5ziiV3Gpp70A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957302424273556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=图15, caption=不同方案累计产油曲线, figureFileSmall=dq4E1WA46BHMvY18UfgQIg==, figureFileBig=nAxiwWbFmL5ziiV3Gpp70A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957302529131157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Cumulative CO₂ injection curves under different schemes, figureFileSmall=twdGVtC5uWghohO4SaH3bw==, figureFileBig=xDNGvkC+X5Yc99uiIQQSYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957302596240022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=图16, caption=不同方案累计注CO2曲线, figureFileSmall=twdGVtC5uWghohO4SaH3bw==, figureFileBig=xDNGvkC+X5Yc99uiIQQSYw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957302659154583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Fig.17, caption=Incremental oil production and oil displacement ratio under different schemes, figureFileSmall=NRAgqgmwxSe/6M6TjVfaGg==, figureFileBig=DRN0lwcbPWVcKimnJJkKPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957302772400792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=图17, caption=不同方案增油量与换油率, figureFileSmall=NRAgqgmwxSe/6M6TjVfaGg==, figureFileBig=DRN0lwcbPWVcKimnJJkKPQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957302856286873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Fig.18, caption=First-round CO₂ huff and puff pilot production curves of well LY1-1 in Qintong Sag, Subei Basin, figureFileSmall=ABQLaVaCZKKrtFUuaYI+pw==, figureFileBig=WsM1wG/FGiRQ+zl191+Dhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957302919201434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=图18, caption=苏北盆地溱潼凹陷LY1-1井首轮CO2吞吐试采曲线, figureFileSmall=ABQLaVaCZKKrtFUuaYI+pw==, figureFileBig=WsM1wG/FGiRQ+zl191+Dhw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957302994698907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Basic information of core samples, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩样编号长度/mm直径/mm井深/m状态孔隙度/%渗透率/10-3 μm2
2320.4525.314 062.16柱塞样1.120.000 472 5
1824.0125.464 071.30柱塞样0.710.000 117 8
226.3325.354 078.25柱塞样1.900.001 264 8
), ArticleFig(id=1322957303086973596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

岩心样品基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩样编号长度/mm直径/mm井深/m状态孔隙度/%渗透率/10-3 μm2
2320.4525.314 062.16柱塞样1.120.000 472 5
1824.0125.464 071.30柱塞样0.710.000 117 8
226.3325.354 078.25柱塞样1.900.001 264 8
), ArticleFig(id=1322957303166665373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Development methods and scheme design, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
开发方式方案设计
衰竭开发(自喷+机抽)生产井底流压控制不低于20 MPa(考虑机抽泵深2 000 m)
水驱开发(自喷+水驱)1)注入井自喷生产至井底压力39 MPa转水驱开发,最高井底注入压力90 MPa
2)生产井井底流压控制不低于20 MPa
注CO2吞吐开发(自喷+CO2吞吐+机抽)1)自喷生产至井底压力39 MPa转注CO2吞吐
2)CO2吞吐期间井底流压控制不低于39 MPa,吞吐6个轮次后转衰竭开发
3)后期衰竭生产流压不低于20 MPa
注CO2驱开发(自喷+注CO2驱)1)注入井自喷生产至井底压力39 MPa转注CO2驱开发,最高井底注入压力90 MPa,单井日注入量80 t
2)生产井井底流压控制不低于20 MPa
), ArticleFig(id=1322957303246357150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

开发方式及方案设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
开发方式方案设计
衰竭开发(自喷+机抽)生产井底流压控制不低于20 MPa(考虑机抽泵深2 000 m)
水驱开发(自喷+水驱)1)注入井自喷生产至井底压力39 MPa转水驱开发,最高井底注入压力90 MPa
2)生产井井底流压控制不低于20 MPa
注CO2吞吐开发(自喷+CO2吞吐+机抽)1)自喷生产至井底压力39 MPa转注CO2吞吐
2)CO2吞吐期间井底流压控制不低于39 MPa,吞吐6个轮次后转衰竭开发
3)后期衰竭生产流压不低于20 MPa
注CO2驱开发(自喷+注CO2驱)1)注入井自喷生产至井底压力39 MPa转注CO2驱开发,最高井底注入压力90 MPa,单井日注入量80 t
2)生产井井底流压控制不低于20 MPa
), ArticleFig(id=1322957303338631839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Gas injection methods and development scheme design, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案注气方式方案设计
方案1CO2吞吐转CO2驱吞吐阶段:吞吐6个轮次,每个轮次注2个月,焖1个月,生产9个月,周期注入量7 500 t;气驱阶段:连续注气,平均单井注入速度80 t/d,生产井流压不低于39 MPa
方案2吞吐阶段:吞吐6个轮次,每个轮次注2个月,焖1个月,生产6个月,周期注入量7 500 t;气驱阶段:连续注气,平均单井注入速度80 t/d,生产井流压不低于39 MPa
方案3吞吐阶段:吞吐3个轮次,每个轮次注2个月,焖1个月,生产6个月,周期注入量7 500、9 500、11 000 t;气驱阶段:连续注气,平均单井注入速度80 t/d,生产井流压不低于39 MPa
方案4CO2吞吐转气水交替吞吐阶段:吞吐6个轮次,每个轮次注2个月,焖1个月,生产6个月,周期注入量7 500 t;驱替阶段:气水交替,气水比4∶2,平均单井注气速度80 t/d、注水速度45 t/d,生产井流压不低于39 MPa
方案5吞吐阶段:吞吐3个轮次,每个轮次注2个月,焖1个月,生产6个月,周期注入量7 500、9 500、11 000 t;驱替阶段:气水交替,气水比4∶2,平均单井注气速度80 t/d、注水速度45 t/d,生产井流压不低于39 MPa
), ArticleFig(id=1322957303422517920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

注气方式与开发方案设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案注气方式方案设计
方案1CO2吞吐转CO2驱吞吐阶段:吞吐6个轮次,每个轮次注2个月,焖1个月,生产9个月,周期注入量7 500 t;气驱阶段:连续注气,平均单井注入速度80 t/d,生产井流压不低于39 MPa
方案2吞吐阶段:吞吐6个轮次,每个轮次注2个月,焖1个月,生产6个月,周期注入量7 500 t;气驱阶段:连续注气,平均单井注入速度80 t/d,生产井流压不低于39 MPa
方案3吞吐阶段:吞吐3个轮次,每个轮次注2个月,焖1个月,生产6个月,周期注入量7 500、9 500、11 000 t;气驱阶段:连续注气,平均单井注入速度80 t/d,生产井流压不低于39 MPa
方案4CO2吞吐转气水交替吞吐阶段:吞吐6个轮次,每个轮次注2个月,焖1个月,生产6个月,周期注入量7 500 t;驱替阶段:气水交替,气水比4∶2,平均单井注气速度80 t/d、注水速度45 t/d,生产井流压不低于39 MPa
方案5吞吐阶段:吞吐3个轮次,每个轮次注2个月,焖1个月,生产6个月,周期注入量7 500、9 500、11 000 t;驱替阶段:气水交替,气水比4∶2,平均单井注气速度80 t/d、注水速度45 t/d,生产井流压不低于39 MPa
), ArticleFig(id=1322957303523181217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Comparison of key indicators under different development methods, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案方案设计累计产油量/(104 t)采出程度/%累计注气量/(104 t)注气量/HCPV换油率/(t/t)气油比/(m3/t)
方案1吞吐6个轮次转CO2驱51.6018.39148.140.5670.211 924.1
方案2吞吐6个轮次转CO2驱53.4819.06162.090.6200.202 052.7
方案3吞吐3个轮次转CO2驱56.0219.97182.760.6990.192 132.1
方案4吞吐6个轮次转气水交替-4-251.5018.36130.950.5010.241 211.6
方案5吞吐3个轮次转气水交替-4-254.3519.37135.860.5200.251 364.8
), ArticleFig(id=1322957303619650210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957285617697271, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同方案开发方式主要指标对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案方案设计累计产油量/(104 t)采出程度/%累计注气量/(104 t)注气量/HCPV换油率/(t/t)气油比/(m3/t)
方案1吞吐6个轮次转CO2驱51.6018.39148.140.5670.211 924.1
方案2吞吐6个轮次转CO2驱53.4819.06162.090.6200.202 052.7
方案3吞吐3个轮次转CO2驱56.0219.97182.760.6990.192 132.1
方案4吞吐6个轮次转气水交替-4-251.5018.36130.950.5010.241 211.6
方案5吞吐3个轮次转气水交替-4-254.3519.37135.860.5200.251 364.8
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苏北盆地页岩油注CO2吞驱一体提高采收率研究
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姚红生 1, 2, 3 , 梅俊伟 1 , 唐建信 1 , 杨正茂 1 , 邱伟生 1 , 王明云 1 , 曾隽 1 , 熊欣雅 1 , 昝灵 1, 2 , 郑晓英 1 , 颜雨竹 1 , 肖朴夫 2, 4
油气藏评价与开发 | 专家论坛 2026,16(2): 225-237
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油气藏评价与开发 |专家论坛 2026 , 16 (2) : 225 -237
苏北盆地页岩油注CO2吞驱一体提高采收率研究
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2 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京   102206
3 中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室,北京   102206, bio={"content":"

姚红生(1968—),男,本科,正高级工程师,本刊第三届编委会副主任,主要从事油气勘探开发及企业管理工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

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姚红生(1968—),男,本科,正高级工程师,本刊第三届编委会副主任,主要从事油气勘探开发及企业管理工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

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姚红生1, 2, 3 , 梅俊伟1, 唐建信1, 杨正茂1, 邱伟生1, 王明云1, 曾隽1, 熊欣雅1, 昝灵1, 2, 郑晓英1, 颜雨竹1, 肖朴夫2, 4
作者信息
  • 1 中国石化华东油气分公司,江苏   南京 210019
  • 2 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京   102206
  • 3 中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室,北京   102206
  • 4 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京 102206
通讯作者:
梅俊伟(1979—),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事油气资源开发科研生产工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:
作者简介:

姚红生(1968—),男,本科,正高级工程师,本刊第三届编委会副主任,主要从事油气勘探开发及企业管理工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

Research on integrated CO2 huff and puff and displacement for enhanced shale oil recovery in Subei Basin
HONGSHENG YAO1, 2, 3 , JUNWEI MEI1, JIANXIN TANG1, ZHENGMAO YANG1, WEISHENG QIU1, MINGYUN WANG1, JUN ZENG1, XINYA XIONG1, LING ZAN1, 2, XIAOYING ZHENG1, YUZHU YAN1, PUFU XIAO2, 4
Affiliations
  • 1 Sinopec East China Oil & Gas Company, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019, China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 102206, China
  • 3 Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production, Beijing 102206, China
  • 4 Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China
出版时间: 2026-03-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025340
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页岩油  /  CO2  /  吞驱一体  /  数值模拟  /  提高采收率
shale oil  /  CO2  /  integrated huff and puff and displacement  /  numerical simulation  /  enhanced oil recovery
姚红生, 梅俊伟, 唐建信, 杨正茂, 邱伟生, 王明云, 曾隽, 熊欣雅, 昝灵, 郑晓英, 颜雨竹, 肖朴夫. 苏北盆地页岩油注CO2吞驱一体提高采收率研究. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (2) : 225 -237 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025340
HONGSHENG YAO, JUNWEI MEI, JIANXIN TANG, ZHENGMAO YANG, WEISHENG QIU, MINGYUN WANG, JUN ZENG, XINYA XIONG, LING ZAN, XIAOYING ZHENG, YUZHU YAN, PUFU XIAO. Research on integrated CO2 huff and puff and displacement for enhanced shale oil recovery in Subei Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (2) : 225 -237 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025340
中国陆相页岩油资源量达283×108 t[1-3],主要分布在准噶尔盆地、鄂尔多斯盆地、四川盆地、三塘湖盆地、渤海湾盆地、松辽盆地、南襄盆地、江汉盆地、苏北盆地[4]。先后建立了新疆吉木萨尔、大庆古龙、胜利济阳3个国家级页岩油示范区,目前产量规模达到400×104 t,随着规模化开发的推进,页岩油将成为保障国家能源安全的重要支撑[4]。虽然通过水平井体积压裂、立体开发、重复压裂等开发技术手段获得了一定经济有效的产能,但产量递减快,一次采收率低,只有3%~10% [5-11]。ALHARTHY等[12-13]研究表明,CO2、N2、CH4三者中,CO2可获得最好的开采效果。目前CO2吞吐已在新疆吉木萨尔[14]、大港官东地区[15]、苏北盆地[5]等现场试验获得积极进展。而CO2驱开发页岩油矿场实践方面未见有报道,在技术方面仍然面临巨大挑战[16]。
页岩油注CO2实验研究方面,诸多学者做了大量工作。页岩油流体相态特征研究表明:在纳米限域效应的作用下,纯组分的临界温度和临界压力显著下降,页岩油的相包络线明显收缩,且注CO2后页岩油相包络线也表现出类似的收缩趋势[17-20]。由于纳米限域效应的存在,大庆古龙页岩油与CO2的最小混相压力可降低约21%[18]。CO2对页岩储层具有显著的溶蚀作用,苏北页岩油CO2水岩反应以碳酸质矿物溶蚀占主导,长英质矿物部分溶解,生成中大孔隙和新生裂缝,渗透率大幅增大[5]。页岩油藏CO2-EOR(提高油采收率)具有多种作用机制,包括膨胀、扩散、降黏、萃取、混相、竞争吸附和溶解气驱等[5,20-24]。不同尺度空间内CO2动用主控机理有所差异,大孔隙中原油的产出主要靠体积膨胀和溶解气驱,速度快且产量大;而小孔隙中原油的产出主要靠扩散、萃取和传质方式,过程缓慢且产量小[21]。
页岩油注CO2效果影响因素实验研究方面,提高裂缝密度、高压注入、连续注入、采用吞吐结合开发方式是页岩油注CO2开发的关键点[25-30]。例如大庆古龙页岩油岩心高温高压注CO2实验表明:压裂可以使小孔中的页岩油采出程度提高11.33个百分点,小孔中的页岩油得到有效动用;吞吐比驱替可以使页岩油采出程度提高30.98个百分点,并且可以动用干岩样中的页岩油,效果优于驱替;驱吞结合驱油方式比仅吞吐采出程度提高12.88个百分点以上[25];提高裂缝密度是高效动用低渗透基质中原油的适宜开发方式[26]。鄂尔多斯盆地页岩油岩心超临界CO2萃取实验表明:裂缝能够增大CO2与基质中页岩油的接触面积,加快油气传质速度,提高基质原油动用程度;CO2动用孔隙孔径下限随注入压力升高而降低,由8 MPa注入压力下动用6.54 nm孔隙原油缩小至18 MPa注入压力下动用3.27 nm[27]。
CO2中加入添加剂改善增油效果实验方面,开展了CO2/H2O混合流体吞吐[30-31]、CO2+复合表面活性剂FST-1渗吸[32]、CO2+乙醇助溶剂吞吐[33]、FS-320气溶性表面活性剂吞吐[34]、DME-CO2混合溶剂驱替[35]等研究并获得了积极效果。
页岩油注CO2开发技术政策研究方面,目前主要有物理模拟实验方法、油藏数值模拟方法和优化算法[36]。物理模拟实验方法可以实现接近油藏条件的岩心尺度模拟,但无法达到储层真实尺寸开发模拟。油藏数值模拟方法则可在实验、测井等资料基础上对油藏规模的开发进行模拟。优化算法是基于大量现场数据样本回归得到多目标参数组合的最优解。显然,针对仍在探索攻关的页岩油注CO2开发技术政策,油藏数值模拟方法已成为必选项。国内吉木萨尔[37]、苏北盆地[5]、胜利济阳[1]、大庆古龙[38]等页岩油CO2吞吐参数皆采用油藏数值模拟方法开展优化。从现场试验效果看,单井吞吐效果好于井组吞吐。例如,苏北盆地SD1井单井注入1.7×104 t CO2,阶段增油量超0.7×104 t,预计可增油量1.1×104 t;吉木萨尔受井间裂缝窜扰影响,整体增油效果未达预期。
尽管国内外页岩油注CO2提高采收率在室内实验和数值模拟研究方面做了大量工作,但现场应用效果仍未取得突破进展。为探索页岩油注CO2大幅提高采收率技术可行性,形成页岩油高效开发模式,研究以苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段(以下简称阜二段)页岩油为研究对象,利用核磁共振等实验技术手段,分别开展了页岩岩心注CO2渗吸、吞吐、驱替等实验研究,优选LY1定向井组开展CO2驱先导试验,将实验认识与数值模拟技术相结合优化了注CO2开发提高采收率关键技术参数,并在井组内对2口老井开展了CO2试注,取得了阶段成果认识。
苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜二段泥页岩具有平面分区、纵向分层的特征。深凹带中部为构造稳定区,地层平缓、断层不发育、保存条件好。东西两翼及斜坡带构造比较复杂,断块破碎,断块宽度普遍小于1 000 m,面积介于0.5~2.6 km2。纵向上划分为5个亚段,Ⅰ—Ⅱ亚段为页岩油勘探开发主层系。阜二段泥页岩具有“厚度大、埋藏深、TOC(总有机碳)含量低、矿物均、断块碎”的特点[39-41]。泥页岩厚度介于200~450 m,深凹带厚度大于300 m。Ro(镜质体反射率)介于0.5%~1.1%,深凹带Ro大于0.9%。有机质丰度较低,TOC含量一般介于0.5%~2.0%,Ⅰ—Ⅱ亚段平均值为1.32%。含油性较好,含油饱和度介于30%~75%,Ⅰ—Ⅱ亚段平均值为56%,S1(游离氢)介于0.5~2.3 mg/g,平均值为1.56 mg/g,OSI(含油饱和指数)平均值为101 mg/g。储层类型为裂缝-孔隙型,孔隙以粒间孔、黏土矿物晶间孔为主,裂缝以纹层缝、成岩缝和构造缝为主[42],裂缝占17%~21%,粒(晶)间孔占72%~74%,具有较好的储集物性,孔隙度平均值为4.2%,渗透率平均值为0.084×10-3 μm2。矿物组成比较均匀,长英质矿物质量百分比平均值为40.6%,碳酸盐矿物质量百分比平均值为20.7%,黏土质矿物质量百分比平均值为33.4%,脆性矿物质量百分比平均值大于60%。两向水平主应力差异系数小(0.02~0.10),平均值为0.08。阜二段页岩油为深层、常温、高压页岩油,压力系数较高(1.2~1.6),原油品质好,地面原油密度介于0.838 1~0.898 7 g/cm3,平均值为0.873 1 g/cm3,50 ℃条件下地面原油黏度介于11.45~292.14 mPa·s,平均值为79.90 mPa·s[43]。
为明确页岩油注CO2提高采收率机理,采用溱潼凹陷阜二段岩心及流体样品,分别开展了渗吸与溶蚀、CO2吞驱等实验。
实验样品中油样取自苏北盆地溱潼凹陷LY1井区,根据地层条件复配现场活油,岩心样品取自井区内阜二段柱塞样品,实验用油为正十二烷,实验用地层水根据现场测试数据在实验室内复配,最大程度还原地层条件。
选取具有代表性的岩心,采用线切割的方式钻取柱塞样品,尽可能保持岩心初始润湿性及流体特征,具体信息见表1,根据实验目的,分别开展页岩油注地层水、碳酸水前后的渗吸效率对比分析实验,注CO2、注碳酸水吞驱前后的原油动用分析实验。
LY1井区试采层段介于4 000~4 300 m,对应地层温度为134.21 ℃,地层压力为62.99 MPa,单次脱气气油比为41.93 m3/t。地层水矿化度属于NaHCO3型,总矿化度为74 082.09 mg/L,其中K++Na+离子矿化度为30 220.35 mg/L,Ca2++Mg2+离子矿化度为455.62 mg/L,Cl-、SO42-、HCO3-离子的矿化度分别为41 533.33、1 110.04、762.75 mg/L。
1) 渗吸与溶蚀实验内容
在地层条件下,CO2与地层水相互接触,形成碳酸水,与页岩储层中碳酸盐矿物发生反应,易产生溶蚀效应,岩心样品在CO2与地层水共同作用下7 d即可实现质量损失达到最大,溶蚀量变化最明显[5]。为了进一步明确这种作用对储层渗吸能力的影响,以LY1井区柱塞岩心为研究对象,开展了地层水、碳酸水渗吸实验,分析岩心在不同介质下渗吸特征,以指导现场生产。
实验内容分为岩心干样初始测试、岩心饱和处理、带压渗吸实验、渗吸效率计算4个部分(图1)。采用多孔介质渗流实验分析仪、高温高压渗吸装置,结合核磁共振技术,并分析观测岩心渗吸过程中内部流体变化,计算地层水和碳酸水的渗吸效率。渗吸装置为自主设计和加工定制,耐温150 ℃,耐压30 MPa。
2) CO2吞驱实验内容
注CO2吞驱涉及吞吐、驱替和溶解扩散等多种作用机理,为明确CO2不同注入方式对页岩油的动用效果,以便为油藏工程方案设计参数优化提供重要依据,依托自主研发的页岩油吞吐、驱替实验装置,开展了LY1井区岩心的CO2吞驱实验。
实验内容分为岩心干样初始测试、岩心饱和处理、注CO2多轮吞吐实验、注CO2驱替实验、CO2吞驱效果分析等5个部分(图2)。注CO2吞驱操作过程,首先对岩心开展3~4个轮次吞吐测试,并测定烃类动用程度;然后针对3个轮次吞吐后岩心,分非渗吸、渗吸2类开展驱替测试,绘制流量与压差关系曲线,并测定驱替后烃类动用程度。实验装置为自主设计和加工定制,耐温150 ℃、耐压70 MPa,其中驱替装置内安装了微流量计量管,精度10-6 mL/min,通过管内流体界面的移动速度可直接反映流体的流量。
1) 渗吸与溶蚀实验结果
碳酸水条件下渗吸效率更高。虽然碳酸水和地层水渗吸在最终动用程度上差异不大,分别为11.93%和11.6%(图3),但碳酸水在约1 500 min内达到渗吸平衡,而地层水则需要约10 000 min,表明通过渗吸作用动用页岩油方面碳酸水效率更高,渗吸置换效率提升85%。
碳酸水条件下轻烃优先动用。页岩油碳酸水渗吸主要分为2个阶段(图4),初期渗吸阶段(渗吸时间小于90 min):溶蚀作用程度低,以动用黏度小、流动性更好的轻烃为主,轻烃和重烃的动用程度约为5.22%、0.89%。后期渗吸阶段(渗吸时间大于150 min):在(150,270] min,轻烃和重烃的动用程度均大幅提升,分别提升4.54%、8.96%,本阶段溶蚀作用逐步显现,即碳酸水通过溶蚀作用改善了岩心表层孔隙结构与物性,促使渗吸作用向岩心内部进行,尤其是表层相对难动用的重烃在岩心溶蚀改造后动用难度降低;而在(270,840] min,随溶蚀作用的深入,重烃的动用程度进一步提高4.50%,而轻烃对储层孔隙结构及物性的要求相对较低,在前期已被大量动用,在此阶段仅提高0.74%。
碳酸水条件下可形成溶蚀微裂缝。对比碳酸水渗吸前后的岩心,可观察到岩心表面由于CO2溶蚀而形成的平行层理和垂直层理的新生裂缝(图5),新增裂缝面积约为5.4%,这些裂缝在提高渗透性方面起到了关键作用,特别是垂直层理的可见裂缝显著增加了流体流动的通道,使得油气更容易通过这些通道被驱替出来。
2) CO2吞驱实验结果
前3个轮次吞吐增油效果最佳。吞吐实验结果表明:随着吞吐轮次的增加,采收率逐步提升(图6),但前3个轮次效果最佳,平均增幅介于2.1%~2.6%,第4个轮次吞吐效率明显降低,表明大部分易动用烃类已经被采出,剩余部分可能处于孔隙结构更为复杂、流动性更差的区域,即使继续增加吞吐次数,动用效果提升也不明显。
轻烃优先被吞吐抽提,含缝岩心效果更好。从烃类类型来看,CO2吞吐对轻烃的信号动用程度大于重烃,通过核磁共振信号谱发现CO2更易与轻烃混合优先从孔隙中抽提出来,重烃部分随吞吐轮次的增加,流体流动性及储层物性也逐步改善,其动用程度也相应提升(图7);另外,相对于纯基质岩心,含裂缝岩心吞吐动用烃类程度比不含裂缝岩心高1~2个百分点,表明裂缝为CO2进入基质孔隙提供更多的流动通道和扩散面积,使得CO2能够更高效地渗透到页岩深部区域。
渗吸预处理后驱替增油效果更好。吞吐后注CO2驱替实验表明注入压差及岩性介质对驱替效果有显著影响(图8)。非水侵岩心的有效驱替压差为3.5 MPa,当压差突破至3.5 MPa后CO2能快速进入岩心驱替页岩油,随注入压力增大,产出气量也快速上升,推断岩心内形成了微裂缝优势通道。水侵后岩心有效驱替压差提升为4.6 MPa,驱替压差介于4.6~5.5 MPa,产气量通过扩散作用方式缓慢增长,当驱替压差大于5.5 MPa后,形成了微裂缝优势通道,气量快速上升。从动用效果来看(图9—图10),水侵岩心烃类动用程度更好,达到了12.43%(重烃7.67%、轻烃4.76%),而非水侵岩心烃类的动用程度为8.19%(重烃4.51%、轻烃3.68%);分析认为因水侵后岩心的驱替压力更高,CO2能进入更小孔隙且动用更多烃类组分,同时岩心水能抑制气体流速,促使CO2波及范围更大、驱替效率更高。
选区原则从以下几点出发:①围绕单井突破区部署,确保能取得较好试验效果;②优选溱潼凹陷断块相对稳定区,储层大尺度缝网相对不发育,注气不易窜;③借鉴国内外井组注CO2成功经验,井型优选定向井。依据选区原则,优选时堰次凹L1Ce井区部署试验井组。井组面积为1.68 km2,阜二段Ⅰ、Ⅱ亚段地质储量为835×104 t,其中Ⅰ下层系280.4×104 t。
在三维地质模型建立的基础上,开展数值模拟研究。采用组分模型进行模拟,选择质量守恒方程作为控制方程。作出如下假设:①油藏中存在油、气、水三相,且气相中组分在渗流过程中发生相间传质及相态变化,但其相平衡是瞬间完成的;②流体的流动符合广义达西定律;③油藏驱替过程中始终保持等温,并且考虑重力与毛管力作用。
对适于注CO2的地层,由于注CO2时一定量的CO2溶于水而被损耗,通常会影响到CO2的利用效率和原油的采收效率。因此,注CO2驱替和吞吐时,需考虑其在水中的溶解度。
溱潼凹陷阜二段页岩油储层孔径小于50 nm的体积占78%,具有岩石骨架颗粒小,比表面积大,微纳米孔隙发育的特点,流体与储层孔隙介质间存在诸多复杂的界面效应问题,影响微纳米孔隙介质中的流体相态变化规律。对于受限流体,经典的油气相态理论方法忽略了分子间的相互作用及界面效应的影响,预测微纳米孔隙结构中的流体相态变化特征存在偏差。为了准确描述受限空间内的相态变化特征,考虑毛细管力、临界参数、摩尔体积等3个方面对“彭-罗宾逊”状态方程进行修正,采用修正后的状态方程表征纳米孔隙中流体的相平衡。建立了考虑微纳米孔隙的受限相态计算模型,准确预测LY1井组的相态变化规律。
经过大型压裂后井筒周围会形成复杂裂缝网络,压后裂缝的参数反演是压裂效果评价和开发参数的关键。对此,结合压裂监测裂缝参数与压裂改造规模的关系,按(1.2~1.5)×104 m3设计液量规模及泵送施工程序,建立了压裂缝网模型,裂缝附近SRV(压裂改造体积)区采用等效介质表征。LY1井区投产井压后SRV平面近似椭圆,压裂缝延伸方向与最大水平主应力方向基本一致,平均缝高为60 m,缝长介于500~580 m,缝宽介于130~200 m。裂缝的参数反演基于地质参数、压裂工艺参数、历史生产数据建立模型,采用产量不稳定分析法(RTA)确定改造区内的渗透率介于(0.01~0.20)×10-3 μm2。通过以上方法建立了LY1井组的压裂裂缝展布模型,实现了LY1井组页岩油CO2驱过程中展布特征的描述。
页岩油数值模拟中,对多重介质的分区和渗流机理的准确表征至关重要。基质、天然缝和人工裂缝在页岩储层中有着不同的渗流特征。合理区分和描述不同介质的特性,可以更好地理解油气在储层中的流动行为和响应机制。通过建立不同区域的分区,可以更准确地模拟渗流通道和预测产能。对此,本方案建立了考虑天然裂缝分布的等效渗透率场,选用组分模型,采用分区相渗表征不同储层物性和流动介质差异,将储层分为裂缝区、改造区和未改造区。
截取井网控制范围内的地质模型建立组分模型进行求解,通过调整裂缝、改造区渗透率、临界含水饱和度、岩石压缩系数等参数,定液拟合含水及井底流压。井组内2口老井的生产数据历史拟合率均达到80%以上,满足井组关键开发参数优化研究需求。
根据LY1井组现场压力特征,明确监测压裂缝延伸方向为75°,与最大主应力方向一致,改造区近似矩形,压裂缝长与压裂规模相关性较好,压裂液量增大至(1.2~1.5)×104 m3,改造缝长介于520~550 m,缝宽介于180~220 m。按照压裂规模差异设计3种类型井网,分别为交错注采井网(定向井)、正对注采井网(定向井)和混合注采井网(定向井、水平井)开发,其中混合注采井网采用不均匀压裂模式。3种开发井网示意图见图11。
在相同注入条件下,模拟CO2驱15 a开发结果表明:交错注采井网中油井避开了最大主应力方向,波及更均匀,采出程度及换油率更高,更适用于页岩油开发。
在交错井网的基础上,对井距、排距进行了优化。模拟计算时压裂缝长略小于井距,压裂缝宽与排距相当。在相同生产制度下,井距排距较小时,易气窜;井距排距较大时,CO2波及系数较小(图12)。综合考虑采收率、换油率和CO2波及情况,优化采用井距为600 m、排距为200 m。
考虑定向井开发[44]和压裂改造区大小,模拟对比衰竭、水驱、注CO2吞吐、CO2驱4种开发方式,模拟计算15 a开发预测指标,对比优选最佳开发方式(表2)。模拟结果表明:CO2驱的累计产油量最高,15 a平均单井增油量为2.1×104 t;CO2吞吐的效果稍次,累计产油量为39.3×104 t(图13)。对比不同开发方式的15 a末压力分布(图14),衰竭开发地层的压力大幅下降,地层能量在15 a后已接近枯竭;相比于衰竭开发方式,水驱开发保持了较好的地层能量;多轮次CO2吞吐能后进入衰竭开发阶段,地层能量较低;CO2驱开发油藏整体压力保持较高。尽管CO2驱的开发方式产油量高,但是在方案模拟过程中,发现个别井存在严重气窜问题,存在可能导致整体开发效果变差风险。对比了CO2吞吐及驱替换油率,注CO2吞吐换油率为0.3 t/t(每注入1 t CO2获得的产油量),而CO2驱替换油率为0.19 t/t,即CO2吞吐经济性要好于CO2驱替。综合采出程度、换油率、地层能量等指标,建议采用先注CO2吞吐后开展CO2驱的开发方式。
结合单井压裂改造区大小,在研究区部署4注10采五点井网,井距为600 m、排距为200 m。考虑注CO2在1.2倍混相压力下烃类动用程度及驱替效率更好[21],依据井组埋深介于3 950~4 300 m、最小混相压力32 MPa,当井口压力为0 MPa时井底压力38 MPa以上,选择衰竭自喷、吞吐自喷结束为注CO2吞吐、驱替的时机,以确保全程混相吞吐和驱替,共设计2类5套方案(表3)。
对不同方案开发方式开展了数值模拟并进行对比分析,表4 展示了不同方案的主要开发指标。累计产油曲线变化规律表明(图15):单井压裂后自喷生产1 a(井口压力0 MPa),实施吞吐3个轮次转气驱方案(方案3、方案5)增油幅度明显高于吞吐6个轮次转气驱方案(方案1、方案2、方案4),这与吞吐实验中前3个轮次增油效率最高认识相一致。
另外,气水交替驱所需累计注气量要明显小于纯气驱规模(图16),虽然方案3增油量最高,但所需注气量也最大,对应换油率最低(图17),方案5增油量相对较高,但注气规模小、对应换油率最高,这与驱替实验中水侵后岩心的抑气窜扩波及认识相一致。
按50美元/桶油价评价,方案5内部收益率21.84%、平衡油价42.6美元/桶,优于方案3内部收益率20.84%、平衡油价43.3美元/桶。综合提高采出程度、换油率大小、经济效益,优选吞吐3个轮次后转气水交替驱,其中气水交替阶段气水段塞周期比为4∶2,预计采出程度提高12.10个百分点,采收率达到19.37%,换油率0.25 t/t。
目前井组完钻井12口、正钻井2口,为评价页岩油CO2吞驱方案井注入能力,同时补充地层能量,以及初步评价定向井首轮吞吐效果。在研究井网内优选2口老井(L1Ce井、LY1-1井)开展现场注入试验,日注气量介于450~500 t,注气压力介于25~32 MPa。其中,与L1Ce井对应的4口井已完钻射孔,并开展了压力监测,有3口井目前关井套压介于19.0~26.6 MPa,表明在未压裂条件下注气压力能传递到油井,注采井间相连通,证明了苏北盆地页岩油具备良好的注气能力。LY1-1井按设计首轮吞吐注CO2量为1×104 t,焖井55 d后套压为28.2 MPa,开井后峰值日产油量为27.9 t、含水为30%,试采6个月累计产油量为2 300 t(图18),结合递减趋势预计累计增油量为2 500 t,换油率为0.25 t/t,达到了阶段预期效果。
1)实验研究表明:苏北盆地页岩油在碳酸水条件下,岩心孔隙结构及物性被有效改善,渗吸置换效率比地层水条件下更高;CO2吞吐优先动用轻烃组分,吞吐效果随吞吐轮次增加而提升,但前3个轮次效果较好;渗吸后岩心注CO2驱替压力高、波及范围更大,烃类组分动用更多,驱替效率更高。
2)苏北盆地页岩油混相压力较低,选择自喷生产末期为注CO2吞吐、驱替时机可确保全程混相动用;3个轮次吞吐阶段中储层存在碳酸水溶蚀与CO2混相作用,双重作用叠加能获得良好动用效果;吞吐后再开展气水交替驱,进一步突破CO2吞吐波及范围,发挥气水交替扩大波及并抑制气窜作用。通过开发技术政策优化,LY1井组采收率可达到19.37%。,比衰竭开发提高12.10个百分点,换油率为0.25 t/t。
3)对2口井开展了矿场试注,日注气量介于450~500 t,注气压力介于25~32 MPa,证明了苏北盆地页岩油具备良好的注气能力,其中L1Ce井同时对应油井射孔观察已初步见到注气效果;LY1-1井首轮吞吐注CO2 10 000 t,放喷日产油量为27.9 t,预测可增油量为2 500 t,换油率为0.25 t/t。

参考文献 引证文献
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2026年第16卷第2期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025340
  • 接收时间:2025-10-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-03-26
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    1 中国石化华东油气分公司,江苏   南京 210019
    2 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京   102206
    3 中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室,北京   102206
    4 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京 102206

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梅俊伟(1979—),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事油气资源开发科研生产工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
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