Article(id=1322942476306227354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025289, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765296000000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-10, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343665433, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784995200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343665433, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343665433, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343665433, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941842395889747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='4', pageStart='737', pageEnd='948', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784995200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343514297, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344192960, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944689019695905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944689019695906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=790, endPage=799, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322942477644210332, articleId=1322942476306227354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Research on classification methods of pore fluid types in shale oil reservoirs: A case study from second member of Paleogene Funing Formation in Qintong Sag, Subei Basin, columnId=1322941494130258079, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Exploration, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Shale oil reservoirs are characterized by tight rocks, nanoscale pore and microfractures, and extremely low permeability. According to fluid mobility, pore fluids can be classified into three types: movable fluids, capillary-bound fluids, and clay-bound fluids. Accurate identification of fluid occurrence types and quantitative characterization of their spatial distribution form the basis for establishing calculation models for key parameters such as effective porosity and movable fluid saturation, and provide important guidance for reservoir development design and productivity prediction. This study was based on a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurement system and took the shale oil reservoir in the second member of the Funing Formation in Qintong Sag, Subei Basin, as the research object. On the basis of systematically reviewing relevant domestic and international studies, one-dimensional/two-dimensional NMR experiments were conducted on rock samples under multiple states, including water saturation, centrifugation, oven drying, and oil saturation (dodecane). This enabled quantitative determination of the boundary values of the three fluid types in shale oil reservoirs and the establishment of a two-dimensional identification chart of fluid occurrence states based on the NMR T1-T2 spectrum. The results showed that a centrifugation speed of 16 000 r/min could distinguish movable water from bound water in pores, whereas an oven-drying temperature of 70 °C could distinguish capillary-bound water from clay-bound water. The T2 relaxation of indigenous organic matter exhibited a high-amplitude feature, with the main peak located at T2 = 0.15 ms, and the distribution center of the two-dimensional T1-T2 spectrum was located at T2 = 0.03 ms and T1/T2 = 300. The NMR identification chart of fluid occurrence states effectively distinguished the distribution regions of clay-bound water, capillary-bound water, movable water, bound oil, movable oil, and organic matter, and could be used to obtain the saturation values of various fluids. These results provide a scientific basis for mobility evaluation, reserve parameter calculation, and development plan optimization of shale oil reservoirs, and offer important technical references for exploration and development practice in complex shale oil reservoirs.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=WEI SUN1, ANDONG WANG1, XIAOLONG LI1, XIAOFANG CHEN1, LIANG WANG2, NING ZHAO3, authorsList=WEI SUN, ANDONG WANG, XIAOLONG LI, XIAOFANG CHEN, LIANG WANG, NING ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=NING ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322942479380652203, articleId=1322942476306227354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=页岩油储层孔隙流体类型划分方法研究——以苏北盆地溱潼凹陷古近系阜宁组二段为例, columnId=1322941494327390371, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气勘探, runingTitle=null, highlight=

页岩油储层具有岩石致密、纳米级孔隙-微裂缝发育及渗透性极低特征,其孔隙流体赋存状态依据流动性可分为可动流体、毛细管束缚流体和黏土束缚流体3类。精准识别流体赋存类型并定量表征其空间分布是构建有效孔隙度与可动流体饱和度等关键参数计算模型的基础,对储层开发方案设计与产能预测具有重要指导意义。本研究基于核磁共振(NMR)测量技术体系,以苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段页岩油储层为研究对象,在系统梳理国内外相关研究成果的基础上,开展岩样饱水-离心-烘干-饱油(十二烷)多状态下的一维/二维核磁共振实验,实现页岩油储层3类流体边界值的定量界定,并建立基于核磁共振T1-T2谱的流体赋存状态二维识别图版。研究结果表明,流体类型划分中,采用16 000 r/min离心转速可区分孔隙中的可动水与束缚水,采用70 ℃烘干温度可区分毛细管束缚水与黏土束缚水;岩样中原生有机质的T2弛豫呈现高幅特征,主峰位置对应T2=0.15 ms;二维T1-T2谱分布中心定位于T2=0.03 ms、T1/T2=300区间。核磁共振流体赋存状态识别图版可有效区分黏土束缚水、毛细管束缚水、可动水、束缚油、可动油及有机质分布区域,并可据此得到各类流体的饱和度值。研究成果为页岩油储层可动性评价、储量参数计算及开发方案优化提供了科学依据,对复杂页岩油藏的勘探开发实践具有重要技术参考价值。

, articleAbstract=null, authors=孙伟1, 王安东1, 李小龙1, 陈晓芳1, 王亮2, 赵宁3, authorsList=孙伟, 王安东, 李小龙, 陈晓芳, 王亮, 赵宁, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵宁, authorNote=

孙伟(1985—),男,硕士,副研究员,主要从事测井与储量相关研究。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

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赵宁(1992—),男,博士,讲师,主要从事油气测井方法、解释及地质应用方面的研究。地址:四川省成都市成华区二仙桥东三路1号成都理工大学,邮政编码:610059。E-mail:
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孙伟(1985—),男,硕士,副研究员,主要从事测井与储量相关研究。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

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孙伟(1985—),男,硕士,副研究员,主要从事测井与储量相关研究。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

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fluid occurrence states in shale oil reservoirs of second member of Funing Formation in Qintong Sag, Subei Basin, figureFileSmall=OyTBleP/4DQe3NJwnr7nsg==, figureFileBig=Y6IEzzAIbNhq1kkK+DAZeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942487165280490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942476306227354, language=CN, label=图7, caption=苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段页岩油储层流体赋存状态核磁共振表征图版

注:①为T1/T2=0.5;②为T1/T2=1;③为T1/T2=2;④为T1/T2=5;⑤为T1/T2=10;⑥为T1/T2=100。

, figureFileSmall=OyTBleP/4DQe3NJwnr7nsg==, figureFileBig=Y6IEzzAIbNhq1kkK+DAZeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942487240777963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942476306227354, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Ranges of T2 and T1/T2 in NMR characterization chart of fluid occurrence states, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
流体类型T2/msT1/T2
黏土束缚水0.1~1.00.5~5.0
毛细管束缚水1~50.5~2.0
束缚油1~62~5
可动水5~250.5~2.0
可动油

6~100

25~100

2~10

1~2

有机质0.02~0.10>10
), ArticleFig(id=1322942487299498220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942476306227354, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

流体赋存核磁表征图版T2与T1/T2范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
流体类型T2/msT1/T2
黏土束缚水0.1~1.00.5~5.0
毛细管束缚水1~50.5~2.0
束缚油1~62~5
可动水5~250.5~2.0
可动油

6~100

25~100

2~10

1~2

有机质0.02~0.10>10
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油气藏评价与开发 |油气勘探 2026 , 16 (4) : 790 -799
页岩油储层孔隙流体类型划分方法研究——以苏北盆地溱潼凹陷古近系阜宁组二段为例
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孙伟(1985—),男,硕士,副研究员,主要从事测井与储量相关研究。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

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孙伟1 , 王安东1, 李小龙1, 陈晓芳1, 王亮2, 赵宁3
作者信息
  • 1 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院,江苏   南京 210000
  • 2 成都理工大学能源学院,四川   成都 610059
  • 3 成都理工大学地球物理学院,四川   成都 610059
通讯作者:
赵宁(1992—),男,博士,讲师,主要从事油气测井方法、解释及地质应用方面的研究。地址:四川省成都市成华区二仙桥东三路1号成都理工大学,邮政编码:610059。E-mail:
作者简介:

孙伟(1985—),男,硕士,副研究员,主要从事测井与储量相关研究。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

Research on classification methods of pore fluid types in shale oil reservoirs: A case study from second member of Paleogene Funing Formation in Qintong Sag, Subei Basin
WEI SUN1 , ANDONG WANG1, XIAOLONG LI1, XIAOFANG CHEN1, LIANG WANG2, NING ZHAO3
Affiliations
  • 1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Sinopec East China Oil and Gas Company, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
  • 2 College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
  • 3 College of Geophysics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
出版时间: 2026-07-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025289
文章导航
收藏切换
苏北盆地  /  阜宁组二段  /  页岩油  /  二维核磁共振  /  孔隙流体类型
Subei Basin  /  second member of Funing Formation  /  shale oil  /  2D NMR  /  pore fluid type
孙伟, 王安东, 李小龙, 陈晓芳, 王亮, 赵宁. 页岩油储层孔隙流体类型划分方法研究——以苏北盆地溱潼凹陷古近系阜宁组二段为例. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (4) : 790 -799 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025289
WEI SUN, ANDONG WANG, XIAOLONG LI, XIAOFANG CHEN, LIANG WANG, NING ZHAO. Research on classification methods of pore fluid types in shale oil reservoirs: A case study from second member of Paleogene Funing Formation in Qintong Sag, Subei Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (4) : 790 -799 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025289
在全球能源格局深度重构的时代背景下,能源安全已上升至中国国家发展战略与安全体系的核心层面。页岩油作为战略性接替资源,其高效开发对构建多元化能源供给体系、保障国家能源安全具有重大战略意义[1-5]。2020以来,苏北盆地阜宁组二段(以下简称阜二段)Ⅰ—Ⅲ亚段相继取得勘探突破,不仅激活了高邮、金湖及溱潼凹陷约11×108 t页岩油地质资源量,更显著提升了国家能源安全保障能力[6-11]。需特别指出的是,页岩油作为典型的非常规油气资源,赋存于富有机质页岩层系的纳米-微米级孔缝网络中,具有自生自储、连续聚集的特征;其储层内多组分复杂流体(油、气、水)受微观赋存机制控制,常呈现“三相同产”的特征。因此,系统厘清孔隙流体赋存类型及其空间分布规律,已成为制约页岩油经济高效开发的关键科学问题与技术瓶颈[12-15]。
目前,国内外针对页岩油孔隙流体赋存类型的研究主要集中于控制因素与表征方法两方面。从控制因素来看,页岩孔隙中游离态与吸附态流体的比例受多参数综合影响,如有机质特征、孔隙结构及矿物组成。其中,游离油量与平均孔径、总含油量呈正相关;吸附油比例与含油饱和度指数(OSI)及平均孔径呈负相关。页岩孔隙内部含水量则受控于岩石成熟度:低成熟度页岩有机孔隙发育较差,相对较低的压实程度使大量水湿型无机孔隙得以保存,进而形成较高的含水饱和度[16-17];高成熟度页岩有机孔隙大量发育,生烃耗水、气化携液等作用机制会导致孔隙中出现超低含水饱和度现象[18]。此外,黏土矿物含量越高,吸附态水与吸附态油的比例通常越高。从表征方法来看,目前常用的表征方法可分为矿场表征与实验室表征2类,2类方法各有优劣。在矿场表征方法方面,现场常用核磁共振测井技术获取连续地层的流体特征参数,早期解释人员借助一维核磁T2弛豫识别流体类型,结合孔径分布等信息计算游离相与吸附相的比例[19]。近年来,二维核磁共振测井T1-T2技术得到广泛应用,具备多相流体识别功能,有效改善了一维核磁多相流体信号重叠的问题,但在区分扩散流体方面效果欠佳[20]。针对页岩油储层孔隙流体赋存类型复杂多样的技术难点,二维核磁共振(2D NMR)技术通过联合分析弛豫时间(T1、T2)与扩散系数等多参数,显著克服了一维核磁共振依赖单一参数(如T2谱)的局限性,可实现高分辨率流体识别、孔隙结构精细化表征及饱和度定量精度提升。2021年,斯伦贝谢公司推出新一代核磁共振测井仪器CMR-NG,可对连续深度的T1-T2数据进行解析,仪器回波间隔缩短至200 μs,在低孔与高盐环境下仍保持较高敏感性[21]。在实验室表征方法方面,实验室多采用岩样二维核磁共振测量方法,可较好地识别孔隙内不同赋存状态的流体组分与固体有机质[22-26];实验室地球化学方法重点关注油藏含油量及赋存比例,如分步抽提、热解法等[27]。分子模拟技术可定量评估烃组分在不同孔隙、不同条件下的吸附油与游离油含量及比例,但所构建的模型过于理想化。已有多位学者采用改进的地球化学方法(多温阶快速热解、分级抽提、离心法)对油组分进行剥离,再结合油水二维核磁T1/T2比例的差异性,标定了吸附水、游离水、吸附油、游离油、结构水及干酪根的分布区间[28]。综上所述,以二维核磁共振技术为核心开展页岩油流体赋存状态表征是当前该领域的研究趋势,也是提高油相参数评价精确度的关键。
基于上述研究现状,本文以二维核磁共振为主要研究手段,在明确最佳离心转速和阈值烘干温度等关键实验参数的基础上,开展典型岩样在饱和水、离心、阈值温度烘干及饱和油(十二烷)状态下的多维核磁实验,揭示了流体不同赋存状态流体的核磁共振响应特征,建立了6种孔隙流体赋存状态的核磁共振表征图版(黏土束缚水、毛细管束缚水、束缚油、可动水、可动油、有机质),旨在为苏北盆地阜宁组二段页岩油勘探开发提供技术参考。
溱潼凹陷是苏北盆地东台坳陷内的三级箕状断陷,面积约1 200 km²,基底为前古近系变质岩系,新生界最大厚度达6 000 m。其构造格局受吴堡—博镇断裂带控制,形成“南断北超”的典型箕状断陷结构:南部断阶带发育阶梯状正断层,深凹带为区域沉降中心与烃源岩富集中心,北部斜坡带地层呈逐层超覆特征,是储层发育的有利区带(图1)。古近系以阜宁组为核心沉积单元,其中阜二段形成于断陷湖盆深水—半深水环境,气候干旱导致湖平面频繁波动,沉积一套富有机质页岩与灰云质页岩互层地层,夹薄层碳酸盐岩及粉砂岩,纹层状构造发育显著[7-9]。
阜二段是溱潼凹陷页岩油勘探的主力层位。从岩石学特征来看,岩性以纹层状混合质页岩为主。矿物组成方面,脆性矿物含量(石英+长石+碳酸盐矿物)占比58.9%,黏土矿物含量占比35.4%,且富含晶间孔。从生烃潜力与储集性能来看,该层位页岩油有机质丰度中等,总有机碳(TOC)含量平均为1.32%,成熟度处于生油窗范围内(Rₒ(镜质体反射率)介于0.9%~1.1%)。储集空间以微米-纳米级孔隙和天然裂缝为主要特征,具体包括粒间孔、黏土晶间孔、层理缝及溶蚀孔,共同构成页岩油高效储集-渗流网络。然而,页岩油储层微米-纳米级孔隙中多组分复杂流体的非均质性分布导致开采过程中油、气、水同出且产能差异显著;同时,不同区块及层位的储层与流体特征均存在特殊性,阜宁组二段亦具有此类复杂流体赋存特征。因此,厘清基于二维核磁共振技术的流体赋存表征图版,是阜宁组二段页岩油勘探开发中亟待解决的关键难题,具有重要的科学价值与工程应用挑战[10-11]。
核磁共振是具有磁矩和角动量的原子核系统中发生的一种物理现象,本质是原子核对外部磁场的响应。地层中多数原子核与外部磁场作用产生的核磁共振信号极弱,而地层水与烃类中富含的氢原子核具有较大磁矩,且与磁场作用可产生较强的核磁共振信号。因此,低场核磁共振测井与岩石物理实验研究均以氢原子核响应为基础。氢核弛豫信号的幅度与地层孔隙度成正比,其弛豫速率或横向弛豫时间T2与孔隙大小及流体流动特性密切相关。岩石孔隙中流体的横向弛豫时间T2通常由体积弛豫T2B、扩散弛豫T2D及表面弛豫T2S3部分组成。
1T2=1T2B+1T2D+1T2S
式中:1/T2为流体孔隙中的总弛豫率,单位ms-1;T2B、T2D、T2S分别为体积弛豫、扩散弛豫以及表面弛豫,单位ms。
通常而言,水的体积弛豫T2B数值介于2 000~3 000 ms,远大于实际测量的横向弛豫时间T2,因此,式(1)中的体积弛豫项可忽略不计;当磁场分布较为均匀时,对应磁场梯度较小,式(1)中的扩散弛豫分量也可忽略。因此,饱水孔隙介质中仅存在表面弛豫,且表面弛豫发生于流体与固体的接触面,即岩石骨架颗粒表面。
1T2=ρ2SV
式中:ρ2为表面弛豫率,单位μm/s;S为孔隙表面积,单位μm2;V为孔隙体积,单位μm3。
近年来,二维核磁共振技术的应用日益广泛。该技术的原理基于对核自旋体系的多参数动态响应进行联合探测与分析,核心是通过设计特定脉冲序列(如反转恢复-自旋回波联合序列IR-CPMG或扩散加权梯度序列),在2个独立的时间演化维度(如纵向弛豫时间T1和横向弛豫时间T2,或T2与扩散系数D)中分别对核磁信号进行编码。
实验过程中,首先利用射频脉冲扰动氢核自旋系统的热平衡状态,随后在第一个时间维度(如T1演化期)通过反转恢复序列调控纵向磁化强度的恢复过程,在第二个时间维度(如T2演化期)采用自旋回波链(CPMG)记录横向磁化强度的衰减过程;对于扩散敏感实验,则通过梯度脉冲引入相位位移,使信号幅度与分子扩散运动相关联。原始信号经二维反演算法(如非负最小二乘正则化模型)解析为T1-T2或T2-D联合分布函数,其中每个信号分量对应具有特定物理属性的流体相。通过构建二维弛豫-扩散参数空间,该技术可正交分离一维谱中重叠的流体信号,实现多尺度孔隙网络中流体赋存状态与动态行为的定量表征。
本实验研究对象取自苏北盆地溱潼凹陷古近系阜宁组二段页岩油储层,该层段沉积演化序列可划分为3期:早期咸水-超咸水封闭湖盆环境、中期半咸水过渡环境及晚期半咸水开放环境。岩相类型呈现多成因混合沉积岩相组合特征,主体为黏土级细粒沉积岩,矿物组成以微晶方解石(10%~35%)、白云石(5%~20%)、陆源石英-长石碎屑(15%~30%)及伊利石-蒙脱石混层黏土矿物(20%~40%)为主,发育毫米级细纹层、亚厘米级薄纹层、厘米级厚纹层及厚层块状构造,其中显微纹层结构(单层厚度小于1 mm)占比达60%以上,反映了高频率沉积旋回特征。
本次研究共选用2颗岩样开展针对性实验,岩样349、379的气测孔隙度分别为5.48%和5.20%,岩心表观特征见图2。实验岩样预处理严格遵循中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准《岩心分析方法》(SY/T 5336—2006),具体实施流程如下:①岩心定向切割,采用金刚石线切割机(精度±0.1 mm)制备25.4 mm标准柱塞样,确保轴向垂直度误差不大于0.5°;②洗油洗盐处理,依次使用甲苯-甲醇共沸溶剂(体积比3∶1)清洗有机质,再采用去离子水超声淋洗(频率40 kHz)脱除可溶盐;③恒温烘干(105 °C真空条件下干燥48 h至恒重)。针对页岩高各向异性及低结构强度的特性,线切割过程中采用低温冷却液(-10 °C)抑制微裂缝扩展,剔除含原生裂隙或人工损伤的岩样。制备完成的岩样储存于氩气环境恒温恒湿箱(25 °C,相对湿度小于10%)中,以避免吸湿损伤。
实验流程如下:①对所有实验岩样完成洗油、洗盐、烘干及称重等基本处理,整个过程严格记录岩样质量等基本参数;②对岩样进行干燥状态下的核磁T2、T1-T2测量,其中干燥状态下的T1-T2测量结果可作为后续二维核磁共振测量的背景信号;③完成岩样加压饱和水处理后,开展岩样加压饱和水状态下的核磁T2、T1-T2谱测量,记录岩样饱水状态下的质量;④开展岩样离心实验(16 000 r/min),离心时间为1 h,当岩样质量稳定后,完成岩样核磁T2、T1-T2谱测量,记录岩样离心后的质量;⑤对离心后的岩样进行二次加压饱水处理,记录岩样饱水后的质量;⑥对二次饱水后的岩样开展烘干实验,在70 ℃温度下烘干1 h,直至岩样质量稳定不变,对烘干后的岩样开展核磁T2、T1-T2谱测量,记录岩样烘干后的质量;⑦对烘干后的岩样开展饱和油实验(十二烷),完成岩样在饱和油状态下的核磁T2、T1-T2谱测量,记录岩样饱和油后的质量。
首先,需厘清总孔隙度与有效孔隙度的概念。总孔隙度是对地层岩石所有孔隙的度量,包括连通孔隙与孤立孔隙;而有效孔隙度则剔除了孤立孔隙,是对油气运移、储集有贡献的部分孔隙的度量。有效孔隙度含义明确,其有效孔隙为连通孔隙,不包括孤立孔隙,同时束缚水所占据的微小孔隙也不属于有效孔隙。岩样孔隙中的束缚水根据束缚力的不同可进一步划分为毛细管束缚水和黏土束缚水。前者是岩石微小孔隙中,由于毛细管压力和岩石润湿性滞留在孔隙内的束缚水;后者是矿物颗粒表面通过电化学作用吸附极性水分子形成的薄水膜。阜二段页岩油储层岩石孔隙以纳米级为主,且孔隙结构复杂、形态多样。孔隙毛细管阻力大,其孔隙空间基本被束缚水占据,可动流体占比低。简而言之,水在孔隙中存在3种赋存状态:可动水、毛细管束缚水和黏土束缚水。实验室通常基于低场核磁共振岩样分析实验,获取孔隙水核磁共振响应特征,通过设定阈值实现孔隙水赋存状态表征,并定量划分孔隙流体类型。图3为岩石中不同类型孔隙流体的核磁孔隙度概念模型,可以看出,核磁总孔隙度包括黏土束缚水、毛细管束缚水与可动流体孔隙度,而有效孔隙度不包括黏土束缚水孔隙度。
实验室确定孔隙可动水与毛细管束缚水分界值的常用方法为:通过离心法获得束缚水状态的岩样,开展低场核磁共振岩样分析实验,并结合饱水核磁T2谱确定其T2截止值。高速离心使岩样达到束缚水状态的原理是:离心转速对应的离心力达到孔隙毛细管压力,使孔隙水克服毛细管压力从孔隙中排出。通过大量实验发现,碳酸盐岩、致密砂岩岩样通过离心法获得岩样束缚水状态,需将离心转速控制在6 000~8 000 r/min,换算后离心力介于1.38~3.70 MPa。对于以纳米级孔隙为主的页岩储层,需克服的孔隙毛细管压力更大,因此,使孔隙水排出并达到毛细管束缚水状态,需更高的离心转速(即更高的离心力)。当通过多转速离心后,依据不同状态岩样质量计算得到的称重孔隙度值趋于稳定,则认为此时岩样内部的可动流体已通过离心实验排出孔隙,剩余的束缚流体无法通过离心方式克服毛细管压力排出孔隙。针对以纳米级孔隙为主的页岩岩样,无法通过离心法区分毛细管束缚水与黏土束缚水,实验室常采用烘干法:经阈值温度烘干处理后,岩样中可动水与毛细管束缚水完全蒸发排出,而黏土束缚水刚开始蒸发排出,此时测得的岩样质量即为岩样黏土束缚水状态质量;岩样可动水、毛细管束缚水的蒸发速率与黏土束缚水的蒸发速率存在差异,该差异体现在孔隙度随烘干温度的变化上,即呈明显的两段式变化(斜率差异),两段变化的转折点即为阈值温度。
综上,本次研究基于离心法确定可动水与束缚水的界限值,基于温度阈值烘干法确定毛细管束缚水与黏土束缚水的界限值;结合相关文献[18],明确本次研究采用16 000 r/min离心转速可区分可动水与束缚水界限值,70 ℃烘干温度可区分毛细管束缚水与黏土束缚水界限值。
本次研究针对阜宁组二段页岩油岩样(349号、379号),开展多状态下的核磁T2谱实验,实验状态包括岩样饱和水、离心(16 000 r/min)、阈值温度烘干(70 ℃)及饱和油状态,核磁T2谱结果见图4。
图4为2颗典型页岩油岩样从饱和水至离心状态的核磁T2谱变化特征。整体而言,饱水谱与离心谱T2均为0.05~200.00 ms,349号样品谱峰对应的中轴时刻为0.37 ms,379样品谱峰对应的中轴时刻为0.50 ms,两颗岩样饱水谱纵向幅度均小于0.35%。与孔隙度较小的页岩岩样相比,其核磁谱的最大差异在于:横向弛豫时间大于10 ms后出现谱峰,纵向幅度在0.04%附近,该谱峰在岩样经16 000 r/min离心后消失。T2谱的形态与幅度可反映地层岩石的储集特性:T2越短,纵向幅度值越大,表明束缚流体占比越高;T2越长,纵向幅度值越大,表明可动流体占比越高;岩样孔隙度越大,表明其储集空间越好,且可动流体占比越高。
当典型岩样从离心状态转变为阈值温度烘干状态(70 ℃),核磁T2谱变化特征如下:烘干核磁谱相较于离心谱发生了较大变化,T2范围左移,纵向幅度降低,烘干谱T2介于0.05~0.40 ms,谱峰对应的中轴时刻为0.1 ms,烘干谱的纵向幅度均在0.15%以下。当岩样由阈值温度烘干(70 ℃)转变为饱和油状态,核磁T2谱呈现如下变化特征:饱和油谱随T2增大呈三峰形态特征,谱峰纵向幅度依次降低(0.20%、0.10%、0.05%),峰值对应的弛豫时间分别为0.3、15.0、250.0 ms。孔隙中黏土束缚水的位置无法被油相占据,油相通常可进入的T2介于0.1~1 000.0 ms (图4)。
除对阜宁组二段典型页岩油岩样(349号、379号)开展多状态下核磁T2谱实验之外,同时开展二维核磁T1-T2谱测量,实验结果见图5。
当岩样由饱和水状态转变为离心状态(16 000 r/min),核磁T1-T2谱变化特征如下:饱水状态下,信号分为2个区域,0.2 ms<T2<10.0 ms,T1/T2介于0.5~5.0,10 ms<T2<100 ms,T1/T2介于1~2;岩样离心后,信号仅分布于单一区域,0.2 ms<T2<10 ms,T1/T2介于0.5~5.0。岩样从饱水至离心后,T2>10 ms的信号消失。结合实验分析,默认3 ms<T2<10 ms、T1/T2介于0.5~2.0的区域为岩样可动水信号区域。根据饱和水与离心谱的信号强度对比,离心谱中T2>3 ms、T1/T2介于0.5~2.0的区域信号明显减弱,而离心主要是排出孔隙内可动水,因此,将T2=3 ms作为阜宁组二段页岩油束缚水与可动水的界限值(图5)。
当岩样由离心状态(16 000 r/min)转变为阈值温度烘干状态(70 ℃),核磁T1-T2谱变化特征如下:阈值温度烘干状态下,信号分布区域为0.05 ms<T2<0.50 ms,T1/T2介于0.5~5.0;岩样经离心、二次饱水后,再经阈值温度烘干,孔隙内部仅残留黏土束缚流体,默认为黏土束缚流体在二维核磁图版中的分布位置。根据离心与烘干谱的信号强度对比,离心谱中T2>0.35 ms、T1/T2介于0.5~5.0的区域信号明显减弱,而阈值温度烘干主要是排出孔隙内毛细管束缚水,因此,将T2=0.35 ms作为阜宁组二段页岩油黏土束缚水与毛细管束缚水的界限值(图5)。
当岩样由阈值温度烘干状态(70 ℃)转变为饱和油状态(十二烷),核磁T1-T2谱变化特征如下:岩样饱和油状态下,信号主要分布于2个区域,0.6 ms<T2<2.0 ms,T1/T2介于0.5~5.0,该部分信号主要来源于黏土束缚水,孔隙中的黏土束缚水通常不会被油相占据;0.8 ms<T2<200.0 ms,T1/T2介于1~10,该部分信号完全来源于饱和进入岩样的油相。根据烘干与饱油谱的信号强度对比,饱油谱T2>0.35 ms、T1/T2介于1~10的区域信号明显增强,而此时岩样孔隙内部除黏土束缚水外,其余空间均被油相占据,因此,将T2=0.35 ms作为束缚油与黏土束缚水的界限值,将T2=2 ms作为束缚油与可动油的界限值(图5)。
本研究以苏北盆地阜宁组二段页岩油岩心样品为研究对象,系统开展有机质赋存特征与流体响应机制分析。实验提取流程的核心目的是:通过逐步溶解无机矿物(酸处理)和移除可溶有机质(溶剂抽提),分离出代表原始有机质的不溶干酪根。主要步骤如下:①无机矿物溶解,采用盐酸去除碳酸盐矿物(如方解石、白云石),采用氢氟酸溶解硅酸盐矿物(如石英、黏土),最后采用去离子水反复离心洗涤,以去除酸残留;②有机溶剂提取,使用氯仿-甲醇共沸溶剂(体积比3∶1)或二氯甲烷,通过索氏抽提法(Soxhlet)连续萃取48 h,移除可溶有机质(如游离烃类);③酸处理残渣经有机溶剂清洗后,在≤40 ℃真空条件下干燥,获得灰黑色至棕褐色干酪根浓缩物。
针对提取出的干酪根浓缩物开展一、二维核磁实验,结果显示:原生有机质T2弛豫谱呈现显著高幅特征,主峰位置对应T2=0.15 ms;二维T₁-T₂谱分布中心定位于T2=0.03 ms、T1/T2=300区间(图6a)。对干酪根样本进一步提纯后进行NMR测试,结果表明其T₁-T₂图谱分布中心位于T2=0.038 ms、T1/T2=400坐标域(图6b)。需要强调的是,对黏土矿物及有机质组分开展的定向分离与二维NMR测量,核心目标是构建多组分骨架介质的二维核磁识别数据库,为后续建立基于T₁-T₂谱的页岩油储层流体相态识别图版提供关键坐标信息,进而实现可动流体、毛细管束缚流体与黏土束缚流体的精准量化表征[19]。
基于岩样不同状态(饱和水、最佳转速离心、阈值温度烘干、饱和油)及黏土矿物和提取的有机质核磁共振响应特征分析,可建立页岩油储层流体赋存状态核磁共振表征图版。岩样经饱和水处理后,孔隙内部的水可分为3部分:可动水(大孔/小孔)、毛细管束缚水、黏土束缚水;当岩样由饱水转变为离心状态,孔隙内部流体仅包括毛细管束缚水与黏土束缚水;当岩样经离心、二次饱水后,转变为阈值温度烘干状态,孔隙内部流体仅为黏土束缚水;当岩样由阈值温度烘干状态转变为饱和油状态,孔隙内部流体包括黏土束缚水、束缚油及游离油。
基于阜宁组二段典型页岩油岩样在饱和水、最佳转速离心、阈值温度烘干及饱和油状态下T₁-T₂核磁图谱(图4、图5),可建立岩样流体赋存状态核磁共振综合表征图版(图7、表1)。图版各流体分布区域如下:①黏土束缚水分布区域,0.1 ms<T₂<1.0 ms,T1/T2介于0.5~5.0;②毛细管束缚水分布区域,1 ms<T₂<5 ms,T1/T2介于0.5~2.0;③束缚油分布区域,1 ms<T₂<6 ms,T1/T2介于2~5;④可动水分布区域,5 ms<T₂<25 ms,T1/T2介于0.5~2.0;⑤可动油分布区域,6 ms<T₂<100 ms,T1/T2介于2~10,以及25 ms<T₂<100 ms,T1/T2介于1~2;⑥有机质分布区域,0.02 ms<T₂<0.10 ms,T1/T2>10。
针对二维核磁图版的应用,在阜二段页岩油勘探开发中,该流体性质识别二维核磁图版通过量化纳米级孔隙内多相流体的弛豫行为差异,可实现对可动油、束缚油、黏土/毛细管束缚水及有机质的精准识别,为储量评估、“甜点”预测和开发方案优化提供科学依据。以苏北盆地QY1井阜宁组二段为例,基于该图版划分,计算得到可动油饱和度为42%,该数值较常规测井误差降低至8%以下,可有效支撑可采储量评估。其次,基于图版划分识别T2介于15~50 ms的高可动油富集层(2 863~2 868 m),实施分级压裂后,试油日产油量31.5 t,油水比5.2∶1,产能吻合度达92%;上述应用实例表明,该流体性质识别图版具有较强的现场实际应用价值。
值得注意的是,将人工智能(AI)深度应用于基于2D NMR技术的页岩油储层流体赋存状态研究,是未来该领域的必然发展趋势。其核心驱动力源于页岩储层的极端复杂性与2D NMR数据高维度、高信息密度特性之间的深刻矛盾,以及AI在解决此类矛盾中的独特优势。页岩储层具有纳米级孔隙、复杂的有机-无机质分布(干酪根、黏土、碳酸盐、黄铁矿等)及多相流体(吸附态、游离态、束缚态油气水)共存的特征。其流体赋存状态受孔隙结构、表面化学性质、润湿性等多因素耦合控制,呈现极强的空间非均质性。人工智能具有强大的模式识别与特征提取能力,能够从海量、高维、噪声复杂的2D NMR谱图中,自动学习并识别出表征不同赋存状态、不同孔隙类型、不同流体组分的细微且非线性“指纹”特征模式,这是传统人工解读或简单数学模型难以实现的。AI可有效“识别”并量化这种极端非均质性。
1)针对苏北盆地阜二段页岩油储层,采用离心法划分流体类型,实验设定离心转速为16 000 r/min,离心时间为1 h,该转速产生的离心力可驱使可动水排出孔隙,而毛细管束缚水与黏土束缚水无法排出;因此,16 000 r/min是离心法划分可动水与束缚水的关键实验参数。
2)采用多温度烘干法划分流体类型时,经阈值温度烘干处理后,岩样中可动水与毛细管束缚水完全蒸发排出,而黏土束缚水刚开始蒸发排出,此时测得的岩样质量即为岩样黏土束缚水状态质量;岩样可动水、毛细管束缚水的蒸发速率和黏土束缚水的蒸发速率存在差异,该差异体现在孔隙度随烘干温度的变化上;本次实验确定的烘干阈值温度为70 ℃,是烘干法划分流体类型的关键实验参数。
3)本研究揭示了不同赋存状态流体的核磁共振响应特征,建立了6种孔隙流体赋存状态的核磁共振表征图版,分别为黏土束缚水、毛细管束缚水、束缚油、可动水、可动油、有机质;需强调的是,该流体赋存图版具有区域特殊性,仅适用于苏北盆地阜二段页岩油储层,不同页岩油气地层的流体识别图版存在区别,需以真实岩心实验为支撑。
4)基于二维核磁共振技术明确页岩油储层流体赋存状态,是当前非常规油气勘探的核心研究方向。结合目前的技术应用瓶颈,未来该领域可能在人工智能深度应用、多技术融合与多尺度表征、标准化与区域图版构建等方面取得突破。

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2026年第16卷第4期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025289
  • 接收时间:2025-12-10
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-26
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-10
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    1 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院,江苏   南京 210000
    2 成都理工大学能源学院,四川   成都 610059
    3 成都理工大学地球物理学院,四川   成都 610059

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赵宁(1992—),男,博士,讲师,主要从事油气测井方法、解释及地质应用方面的研究。地址:四川省成都市成华区二仙桥东三路1号成都理工大学,邮政编码:610059。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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