Article(id=1322941917390045783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025265, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749398400000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-09, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343532178, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784995200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343532178, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343532178, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343532178, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941842395889747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='4', pageStart='737', pageEnd='948', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784995200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343514297, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344192960, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944689019695905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944689019695906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=760, endPage=768, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322941917591372376, articleId=1322941917390045783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Geology-engineering integrated management for unconventional oil and gas exploration and development: Conceptual model and implementation pathway, columnId=1322941845239627862, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Young Scientists Forum, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Against the background of an accelerating global energy transition, the development of unconventional oil and gas resources has become an important strategic direction for ensuring energy security. To address the challenges caused by the increasing development intensity of unconventional oil and gas fields in China, such as deteriorating geological conditions, high development difficulty, low exploration rate, fast production decline, limited reduction in single well investment, and decreasing ultimate recovery and internal rate of return, promoting the geology-engineering integrated management in unconventional oil and gas exploration and development is crucial for achieving cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and overall coordination, and holds significant strategic importance. Using theoretical research achievement, the study proposed the concept, connotation, and characteristics of the geology-engineering integrated management for exploration and development. It systematically reviewed the challenges and current situation faced by unconventional oil and gas development, and revealed the drawbacks of isolated operation among the three major fields of exploration, development and engineering. A conceptual model of geology-engineering integrated management for unconventional oil and gas exploration and development was established, identifying and explaining seven elements, including storage-production conversion, program design, engineering support, platform construction, theoretical support, validation and correction, and geological iteration. Its specific implementation pathways were explored from multiple dimensions. Research results showed that the integrated management of unconventional oil and gas exploitation could be promoted alongside the implementation of full lifecycle management, top-level design of an integrated organizational structure, optimization and reengineering of operational processes, and development and construction of a data platform. This approach can achieve large-scale production, accelerate the conversion of unconventional oil and gas reserves into production. It not only provides a new management methodology for efficient unconventional oil and gas development but also offers insights for improving the quality and efficiency of traditional oil and gas field development management, and contribute to the high-quality development of modern oil and gas fields.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=TAO ZHANG1, FUYANG WU1, 2, LIBIN DAI3, TAO HE3, GANG HUANG2, LYU JIA2, XIAOLONG SHI1, authorsList=TAO ZHANG, FUYANG WU, LIBIN DAI, TAO HE, GANG HUANG, LYU JIA, XIAOLONG SHI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322941919529140843, articleId=1322941917390045783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=非常规油气勘探开发地质工程一体化管理:概念模型与实施路径, columnId=1322941845415788632, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=青年科学家论坛, runingTitle=null, highlight=

在全球能源转型加速推进的背景下,非常规油气资源开发已成为保障能源安全的重要战略方向。面对当前中国非常规油气田开发强度逐渐上升导致地质条件变差、开发难度大、探明率低、产量递减快、单井投资降幅有限、最终采收率及内部收益率下降等问题,推进非常规油气勘探开发地质工程一体化管理对实现降本增效、全面协调具有重要意义。基于理论研究成果,提出勘探开发地质工程一体化管理的概念、内涵和特点,对目前非常规油气开发面临的挑战与现状进行了系统梳理,揭示勘探、开发、工程三大领域割裂运行的弊端。建立非常规油气勘探开发地质工程一体化管理的概念模型,识别其中储产转化、方案设计、工程支持、平台建设、理论支撑、验证纠偏、地质迭代过程七项要素并进行说明,从多维度探索其具体实施路径。研究结果表明:可以通过实施全生命周期管理、一体化组织结构顶层设计、业务流程优化与再造以及数据平台的开发与建设四个维度,并行推进非常规油气开采一体化管理,进而实现规模上产,加速非常规油气储量向产量的转化,不仅为非常规油气高效开发提供了全新管理方法论,对传统油气田开发管理提质增效和现代化油气田高质量发展也具有借鉴意义。

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张涛(1980—),男,博士,教授,主要从事油气藏综合运营管理相关教学与研究工作。地址:山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,邮政编码:266580。E-mail:

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张涛(1980—),男,博士,教授,主要从事油气藏综合运营管理相关教学与研究工作。地址:山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,邮政编码:266580。E-mail:

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注:2018—2024年数据来自国家能源局官方发布和网络资料整理,2025年为预测数据。

, figureFileSmall=YcJVznVfdVpeH0tdoJsRpg==, figureFileBig=Qa1HRTin06OG5DO0Y0nGKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941927854834342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941917390045783, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Schematic diagram of geology-engineering integrated management for unconventional oil and gas exploration and development, figureFileSmall=Ctxv5WvAJ/xFV/5JiKC02g==, figureFileBig=Vh9D+v5ru9DhNPnxquJrwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941927926137511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941917390045783, language=CN, label=图2, caption=非常规油气勘探开发地质工程一体化管理示意图, figureFileSmall=Ctxv5WvAJ/xFV/5JiKC02g==, figureFileBig=Vh9D+v5ru9DhNPnxquJrwA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941927997440681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941917390045783, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Schematic diagram of integrated management practices for oil and 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figureFileBig=02pzc/lUg26HlSFTIeVl9g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941930719543991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941917390045783, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Description of relationship elements, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关系要素含义
储产转化通过开发工作将可采储量转化为产量
方案设计根据探明储量以及其他勘探成果设计油气开发计划
工程支持油气生产工程技术研发与建设
平台建设建设可供地质领域研究的平台
理论支撑通过地质油藏表征、地质建模等综合研究为其它领域提供支撑
验证纠偏对地质研究成果进行验证,深化研究成果或纠正偏差
地质迭代在开发过程中更新地质认识
), ArticleFig(id=1322941930807624376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941917390045783, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

关系要素说明

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关系要素含义
储产转化通过开发工作将可采储量转化为产量
方案设计根据探明储量以及其他勘探成果设计油气开发计划
工程支持油气生产工程技术研发与建设
平台建设建设可供地质领域研究的平台
理论支撑通过地质油藏表征、地质建模等综合研究为其它领域提供支撑
验证纠偏对地质研究成果进行验证,深化研究成果或纠正偏差
地质迭代在开发过程中更新地质认识
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非常规油气勘探开发地质工程一体化管理:概念模型与实施路径
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张涛 1 , 吴付洋 1, 2 , 戴立斌 3 , 何涛 3 , 黄刚 2 , 吕佳 2 , 石小龙 1
油气藏评价与开发 | 青年科学家论坛 2026,16(4): 760-768
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油气藏评价与开发 |青年科学家论坛 2026 , 16 (4) : 760 -768
非常规油气勘探开发地质工程一体化管理:概念模型与实施路径
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张涛(1980—),男,博士,教授,主要从事油气藏综合运营管理相关教学与研究工作。地址:山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,邮政编码:266580。E-mail:

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张涛1 , 吴付洋1, 2, 戴立斌3, 何涛3, 黄刚2, 吕佳2, 石小龙1
作者信息
  • 1 中国石油大学(华东)经济管理学院,山东   青岛 266580
  • 2 中国石油长庆油田分公司第一采气厂,陕西   西安 710021
  • 3 中国石油长庆油田苏里格南作业分公司,陕西   西安 710018
作者简介:

张涛(1980—),男,博士,教授,主要从事油气藏综合运营管理相关教学与研究工作。地址:山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,邮政编码:266580。E-mail:

Geology-engineering integrated management for unconventional oil and gas exploration and development: Conceptual model and implementation pathway
TAO ZHANG1 , FUYANG WU1, 2, LIBIN DAI3, TAO HE3, GANG HUANG2, LYU JIA2, XIAOLONG SHI1
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
  • 2 No. 1 Gas Production Plant, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710021, China
  • 3 South Sulige Operating Company, PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710018, China
出版时间: 2026-07-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025265
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非常规油气  /  一体化管理  /  勘探开发  /  概念模型  /  实施路径
unconventional oil and gas  /  integrated management  /  exploration and development  /  conceptual model  /  implementation pathway
张涛, 吴付洋, 戴立斌, 何涛, 黄刚, 吕佳, 石小龙. 非常规油气勘探开发地质工程一体化管理:概念模型与实施路径. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (4) : 760 -768 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025265
TAO ZHANG, FUYANG WU, LIBIN DAI, TAO HE, GANG HUANG, LYU JIA, XIAOLONG SHI. Geology-engineering integrated management for unconventional oil and gas exploration and development: Conceptual model and implementation pathway[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (4) : 760 -768 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025265
随着中国含油气盆地勘探程度不断提高,大部分含油气盆地进入勘探中—中后期,以构造油气、岩性地层油气为主的常规油气藏发现的概率越来越低,常规油气藏开发利用程度近乎饱和,影响生产稳定、能源安全和循环经济的发展大局。非常规油气正逐渐成为重要的油气资源类型,其效益开发是向清洁能源经济模式转型的有效途径[1-4],不仅能为能源供应提供保障,而且能有效缓解能源与环境压力,实现能源供应安全多元化的战略部署。但进行非常规油气的开采工作需要消耗较高成本,且非常规油气田开发强度逐渐上升导致地质条件变差,开发难度日趋加大,从而导致单井投资降幅有限,最终采收率及内部收益率下降,因此,传统的油气开发管理模式已经不能发挥出良好的管理作用。
目前,诸多油气企业在长期实践中初步形成了具有不同特色的油气田开采管理模式,虽已取得了一定效果,但仍面临着关键技术有待提升、成本控制仍需加强、管理模式传统低效以及环境污染较为突出等问题,有待进一步统筹优化。一体化管理模式在水资源管理[5-7]、海洋资源管理[8]等领域得到了充分应用并取得了良好的效果。许多油田现行的油气开发管理体制多是勘探、开发、工程三部门分开运行,按专业条块管理,采取以机构定编定岗的人员组成形式,业绩评价标准分别是各自完成储量和产量任务。但在具体生产运行中,三大领域各自审批井位,落实录井资料,且油藏评价等工作的时间、环节不同,在主、客观上造成重复研究、重复投资,影响了探明储量成果,延长了产能建设周期,降低了勘探开发地质工程综合效益。为实现非常规油气开采规模上产,围绕效益一体化,多方协同控投降本,通过强管理实现全过程全方位提质提效,推行非常规油气勘探开发地质工程一体化管理。
一体化理论根植于系统论的基本原理,该理论认为一体化系统是一个由众多相互依存、交互影响的子系统所构成的复杂有机体。各子系统的行为模式与功能表现不仅由其自身特性所决定,更受其与其他子系统间错综复杂的关系与互动所影响,通过子系统间的合理分工与高效协作,一体化系统得以充分发挥其综合效能,实现整体的最优化运行。非常规油气勘探开发地质工程一体化管理是指以油气开采效益最大化为目标,围绕非常规油气认识,构建多业务领域、多专业、多团队一体化协同配合、高效运作的组织运作模式。在树立并贯彻“管理是生产力”思想的基础上,建立一套“覆盖完整、层级清晰、内外部均衡”的非常油气田勘探开发地质工程一体化管理模式。将原来彼此分散且独立的3个不同领域紧密结合起来,使勘探、开发、工程成为一个有机的整体,构建三大领域相互延伸、相互渗透、高效配合的工作环境,使得各个领域之间相互支持和相互促进,达到各领域内外部资源均衡利用,提高非常规油气产量和效益,共同推进油气资源储量向油气产量的高效转化。
近年来,中国非常规油气田勘探开发进展显著,致密气、页岩气和煤层气产量快速增长(图1),可采资源量约45.6×1012 m3,约是常规气的5倍,但非常规气资源具有分布广、地层年代多、地质和地表条件复杂、开发难度大等难题[9-11],因此,如何解决这些难题,使非常规油气持续稳产、上产成为主要研究方向。
实现非常规油气勘探开发地质工程一体化管理需要贯彻“覆盖完整、层级清晰、内外部均衡”的思想,整体协同、动态设计,解决复杂性、系统性、连贯性问题。因此,非常规油气勘探开发地质工程一体化管理核心为:①复杂性,非常规油气勘探开发地质工程一体化管理是一个跨学科、跨专业的系统工程。复杂性不仅在于非常规油气资源的多样性,如超重原油、油砂油、致密油、页岩油、致密气、煤层气、页岩气和天然气水合物等,更在于其勘探与开发过程中涉及的众多技术难题。这些技术难题涵盖了地质学、石油工程、化学工程、环境科学等多个学科,需要跨学科的专业知识和技术支撑给予解决。②系统性,一体化管理旨在推进非常规油气开采所涉及的业务、组织、信息等要素形成环环相扣、相互联结的有机整体。三大领域虽具有各自的任务与考核指标,但最终目的一致,将可采非常规油气储量转化成非常规油气产量,实现系统整体的收益最大化。③连贯性,非常规油气开采是一个连续不断的动态过程,涉及非常规油气开采过程中的勘探、开发、工程3个不同领域和阶段。在实际生产过程中,三大领域的工作需要持续动态地沟通协调,营造全生命周期多业务领域多专业协同的一体化环境,因此,具有时间接替、空间持续、信息共享、学科互补、投资收益波动等特点(图2)。
中国非常规油气资源储量大,开发潜力高,但面临“技术关、成本关、管理关、环保关”四道关,而常规的油气田开发管理模式难以跨过这四道关卡,因此,应推行非常规油气勘探开发地质工程一体化管理模式。
工程技术的发展影响着非常规油气开采的稳定与进步。中国非常规油气开发起步较晚,部分关键技术的缺乏成为制约非常规油气行业进一步发展的主要障碍之一。一方面,由于缺乏深入的地质研究和技术积累,对于地质赋存规律、富集高产规律以及开发生产规律等认知程度较低,控制和监测孔隙度、渗透率、裂缝等参数及催化与防腐的设备有待优化[12-14],提高产量和大规模压裂等关键技术仍需改进。另一方面,中国非常规油气藏多数地表条件复杂,储层埋藏深,建产工作量大,多数其他国家的技术和设备不能直接使用,因此,中国非常规油气开采面临着严峻的技术挑战,实现效益开发需要进一步加强地质研究和技术创新。
非常规油气资源的开采成本是所有投资者、技术研究人员和资源管理者所关心的问题,成本效益关系着开采技术生存和发展的基础与前景。与常规油气资源开发相比,非常规油气勘探开发投资规模大、投资回收期长,在技术攻关和大规模工业化量产之前,成本是常规油气勘探开发成本的数倍甚至数十倍,前期投入巨大。现阶段中国非常规油气开发成本较高,与规模效益开发要求仍存在较大的差距,2024年美国米德兰区块页岩油开采成本为30美元/桶,同年,中国吉木萨尔页岩油示范区平均开采成本为50美元/桶。因此,只有根据非常规油气特点,依托国家政策的支持以及企业的降本增效,为非常规油气田建立特定的低成本开发模式,才能有效、经济地开发非常规油气[15-17]。
适用于常规油气开发的传统管理模式采用各专业领域顺序接力的管理方法,不同时期、不同过程、不同环节间信息的传递、资源的配置以及决策的协调都存在衔接不畅甚至脱节的情况[18]。中国目前仍沿用传统石油行业的“接力式”勘探开发阶段划分、整体开发方案(ODP)编制理念及审批制度,严重不适应非常规油气勘探开发过程中认识快速迭代、方案及时调整的需求,进而导致管理效率下降。同时,如地质勘探、工程设计、钻井施工、油田开发等多个领域未形成全产业链的系统管理模式,各学科领域交叉融合难度大。
虽然非常规油气中诸多品类可归为清洁能源的范畴,但其开发过程中引发的大气污染、水资源紧缺和污染、废水处理与利用、潜在地面沉降、生态环境破坏及当地社区社会影响等一系列问题,都是应高度重视的问题[19-20]。水体污染、空气污染和地质破坏是非常规油气开发过程中最主要的三类污染类型,其中水体污染最为突出[21-23]。在非常规油气资源开发过程中,有着“先污染,后治理”的传统理念,但由于非常规油气开发的环境治理技术相对复杂,且需要投入大量的资金和人力资源,这导致“后治理”阶段难以有效地落实。
随着各方一体化管理研究的不断深入,针对当前非常规油气藏开采面临的主要问题,中国诸多油气企业在长期开发建设过程中结合自身实际情况,针对自身特点开展高新技术研究、组织管理创新等活动,初步形成了具有不同特色的油气田开采管理模式(图3)。
目前,中国非常规油气开发一体化管理的主要实践包括:以“目标一体化”、“地质研究与技术攻关一体化”、“方案部署与井位优化一体化”、“资料录取与信息共享一体化”为特征,将原来需要长时间分步运行的勘探、评价、开发3个步骤并联运行,形成勘探向开发延伸,开发向勘探延伸的工作模式,减少重复建设,缩短油田建设周期,促进投资效益的提高,加强开发前期评价,促进超低渗油田快速有效开发;实施勘探开发、生产经营、投资成本、地质工程、科研生产的“五个一体化”管理模式,通过优化生产、经营内部工作流程,推进生产与经营深度融合;以“资源—储量—产量—效益”的快速转化为主线,建立“资料录取一体化、井位部署一体化、储量研究一体化”三位一体的研究模式,全力推进勘探开发一体化提档升级;基于全生命周期管理推行一体化研究、一体化设计、一体化实施、一体化迭代,做到“定好井、钻好井、压好井、管好井”,实现“高储层品质、高钻井品质、高完井品质”,达到高产量、高EUR(单井评估的最终可采储量)和高采收率的目的;工程公司成立难动用储量合作开发项目管理部,对承包项目自主开展地质研究和地质工程一体化设计,推进由“单一开发”向“油藏经营者”转变。
非常规油气已成为中国油气未来发展的方向之一,非常规油气资源主要分布在山西沁水盆地、鄂尔多斯东缘、云贵地区、川渝地区以及东北地区,具有比较可观的储量和开发潜力。非常规油气田的开采工作一般由专门的项目部负责,传统的油气田勘探开发地质工程管理体制多是勘探、开发、工程三大部门分开运行,实施专业条块管理,这种管理模式简单应用于非常规油气开发中会产生资源冲突、业务衔接不力等问题。为了克服这些挑战,研究结合相关理论以及非常规油气田面临的实际问题,提出了非常规油气勘探开发地质工程一体化管理的概念模型(图4),以勘探、开发、工程、地质理论支撑4个核心领域为基础,涵盖全生命周期理念支持、组织结构支持、业务流程支持、数据平台支持4个要素。此外,模型还强调了7个关系要素的重要性,包括:储产转化、方案设计、工程支持、平台建设、理论支撑、验证纠偏、地质迭代。通过这一模型,以期能够提供一个全面的框架,指导非常规油气田勘探开发地质工程的一体化管理实践。
在勘探开发地质工程一体化管理模式的框架下,非常规油气开采过程被赋予了更高的整体性和协调性,勘探、开发、工程领域的各专业、各部门以非常规油气田开发为核心相互渗透、协同配合,形成了一个高效、统一的工作体系,采取经济适用的工艺技术定制最合理的装备与工具,进行高效开发、高质量地质工程建设,用最短的时间、最少的费用掌握地下油气藏的真实赋能状态,实现非常规油气田勘探开发效益最大化,促进新技术与精细管理的有效结合(表1)。
在勘探开发地质工程一体化管理模式的框架下,非常规油气开采过程被赋予了更高的整体性和协调性。在这种一体化环境中,勘探、开发、工程三大领域通过7项关键要素形成动态耦合机制(图5)。
勘探开发工程一体化模式流程主要包括以下环节:①储产转化是贯穿整个管理过程的核心目标,驱动要素协同运作;②方案设计建立在理论支撑所提供的地质认知基础之上,通过地质建模和油藏表征等方面的研究,确保方案的针对性和可行性,实现储产转化;③工程支持是将方案转化为钻井、完井、压裂等具体工程作业,并在执行过程中产生大量实时数据,为储产转化提供工程保障;④平台建设作为信息中枢,高效汇集整合工程实施、地质研究及勘探成果等各方面的数据,为整个系统提供坚实的数据基础;⑤验证纠偏环节利用平台数据,通过对比工程实施效果(如产能、压裂参数响应、微震监测)与方案预期,评估储产转化的实际进展和方案的有效性;⑥验证纠偏发现显著偏差(如产量未达预期、地质模型与实际不符)时,触发关键地质迭代过程,验证结果驱动理论支撑要素深化地质认识,例如修正地质模型、更新“甜点”预测,更新后的理论重新指导方案进行优化调整,如调整井位、优化压裂设计。优化后的方案再通过工程实施,新产生的数据经平台建设反馈至验证纠偏环节,开启新一轮评估。该循环迭代过程使地质认识随工程实践持续深化,方案设计不断优化,工程支持更具针对性,最终高效驱动储产转化目标的实现,形成动态、闭环的协同优化系统。
结合研究构建的非常规油气勘探开发地质工程一体化管理模式,提出非常规油气勘探开发地质工程一体化的具体实施路径。非常规油气田勘探开发地质工程一体化的实施主要通过全生命周期业务管理、数据平台的开发与建设、一体化组织结构顶层设计以及业务流程优化与再造四个维度同步推进,四个维度共同促进非常规油气田勘探开发的高效运行和可持续发展。
全生命周期管理是一种先进的管理理念和方法,具有系统性、超前性、全面性、动态性等优点,非常规油气田开采工程项目涉及多学科、多领域,具有决策、建设、运行管理难度大,项目生命周期长,风险管理难控制等特点。全生命周期管理模式可以较好地优化相关问题(图6),将项目全过程划分为决策规划、基础建设、运营控制和结束收尾4个核心阶段,并解决了各阶段在业务流程和管理职能上统筹安排的问题。
为实现非常规油气田勘探开发地质工程一体化的战略目标,开展全生命周期管理应围绕3个方面展开:①油气企业应编制科学合理的设计方案,为非常规油气田开采项目全生命周期管理奠定重要基础;②明确非常规油气开采项目全生命周期阶段划分标准;③厘清非常规油气田开采全生命周期管理模式与传统项目管理模式的区别,避免简单套用传统项目管理模式。
在决策规划、基础建设、运营控制、结束收尾4个阶段的管理活动中,决策规划阶段是全生命周期管理的重心。该阶段应落实“四步开好头”要求:准确界定项目范围、价值;明确项目整体目标;识别项目关系人及利益相关者;制定可动态调控的开发建设宏观规划。采用全生命周期管理模式对开发项目进行管理,一方面有力保障了油气开发项目战略目标的贯彻实施;另一方面显著提高了油气开发项目管理的效率和经济效益。
非常规油气田开采涉及业务领域广、专业性强、作业时间跨度长及施工合作单位多,容易出现部门间职责界面交叉、责权不清的问题,采用一体化理念和管理模式可以较好地解决这些问题,保证工作的顺利开展。一体化管理模式依托于顶层设计,具体流程为:①建立组织领导勘探开发一体化的专门机构,负责协调各部门之间的工作,确保信息畅通和决策迅速执行;②构建各部门之间高效沟通和合作攻关机制,通过加强部门间的交流与合作,打破信息壁垒,共同解决开发过程中遇到的难题,实现资源共享和知识互补;③缩减不必要的管理层级,形成扁平化管理,减少决策传递的层级,提高决策的及时性和有效性。这种结构将打破传统条块分割的管理格局,促进各部门之间的信息共享和资源整合,提高整体运作效率。研究从非常规油气开发项目部角度切入,结合一体化管理理论与非常规油气开采特点,设立一体化组织结构(图7)。实现组织一体化运行涉及多维因素的共同影响,在构建一体化组织结构顶层设计时应注重对一体化运行方式的学习,促进一体化运行方式在全项目部的深入落实和广泛应用,实现“1+1>2”的效果。
非常规油气开采实现一体化管理需要以效益最大化为中心,推行一体化组织运作模式,打破勘探、开发、工程独立运行状态,建立多专业融通互补的良好工作环境。只有基于“合并同类项、共享公因数”组织结构改革思想,进行纵向压缩和横向整合,建立一体化组织架构,分析历年生产调度记录、工作汇报流程及管理决策链条,识别出原有架构下存在的审批环节冗余、信息传递衰减以及资源调配僵化等问题,多方协同控投降本,消除油气开采成本费用在各部门之间此消彼长的局面,强管理促进部署、产能和工作量的多重优化,才能实现非常规油气开采全过程全方位提质提效。
非常规油气开采中所涉及的管理要素包括:人员、成本、时间、信息。全要素协同主要是对非常规油气开采各种要素进行集成与管理,注重考虑当某种要素受到限制时,如何与其他要素进行协调并最终实现非常规油气开采项目价值最大化。四项管理要素是否达到良好的协同主要体现于非常规油气开采业务流程的开展是否高效。
非常规油气开采业务流程一体化管理的实施是为了降低成本费用、提高采收率指标,依托一体化组织结构、大数据平台等支撑要素,对工作业务流程进行重新优化和改革。这种流程优化与改革不是对非常规油气开采业务的简单重组与应用,而是从指导思想、工作原则等方面进行的颠覆性转变与一体化设计(图8),使优化力度和优化范围最大化。
非常规油气开采业务流程一体化需依托组织结构与数据平台支撑,应借助大数据平台分析历史作业数据,精准定位冗余环节。在绘制跨领域业务流程图(如井位部署—钻井—压裂—投产)并标注各环节衔接点和数据传递路径后,重构业务流程,标准化作业程序,将业务流程目标由单一产量目标扩展为“产量+质量+成本+环保”综合体系。
非常规油气相较于常规油气开发会产生更加庞杂的的生产数据以及更加多元化的信息,为保障一体化管理能够有效实施并达到预期效果,一体化团队需要技术性较强的软件工具或一体化数据平台。随着能源企业多年的信息化建设投入,已经构建起了庞大的勘探开发数据库,涵盖了物探、钻井、录井、测井、试油、试采、油气生产、井下作业等核心业务领域,累计存储量达到了PB级(存储容量单位,即250 Byte,1 PB=1 024 TB)以上[24-25]。为了充分收集和利用这些数据资源,建立高质量的数据平台显得尤为重要。建立高质量的数据平台应突出价值导向,坚持战略引领,通过创新驱动实现数据平台强而有力的基础支撑。推进非常规油气藏的高效开发需要以高质量数据平台实现“三部曲”一体化信息数据管理为保障,即信息管理、决策支持、经验共享(图9),为整个一体化管理体系提供基础支撑。
在项目初期阶段应由专项小组牵头着手构建数据平台,实现非常规油气勘探开发地质工程的动态优化,建立数字化生产,构建作业区、职能部门协同保障。首先,中心站自主运行管控的二级运维管理体系,形成系统整合、数据交互、标准规范的指挥中心运行体系。其次,数字化生产指挥中心负责数据收集与控制、工艺决策与分析、视频监控与诊断、生产指挥与调度等任务,并直接下达指令至岗位,员工接收指令并对完成情况进行反馈,生产运行部、质量监督站等多岗位协同保障,自下而上形成可追溯的管理闭环,进一步提升工作执行的时效性、准确性。最后,利用数据平台将勘探、开发、工程各专业领域内的各项数据实现“统一收集、统一管理、统一共享”的信息管理目标,从而支持项目的动态优化和高效运作,主要包括:①通过建立安装标准,改造工艺流程,优化设备参数,规范采传机制,保证数据质量;②自动采集泵压、油压、电压、电流、冲程、冲次等数据,能够实时发现异常,做到数据采集更全、更准,生产参数实时感知;③建立“采—选—传—用”数据链,自动生成生产日报等电子报表。数据的“统一收集”不仅指的是对海量生产数据的收集,还应涵盖对项目部人才工作经验、研究方法以及项目部工作标准等数据的收集。
随着全球能源结构的调整和清洁能源需求的持续增长,对非常规油气资源的开采与利用呈现出前所未有的重要性和迫切性,不仅驱动了相关技术的进步,更促使油气行业在管理层面寻求高效、集中化的管理方案。因此,融合非常规油气特性的勘探开发地质工程一体化管理模式是促进油气公司实现规模上产、多方协调控投降本的必由之路。但由于中国非常规油气开采一体化管理起步较晚,目前仍处于探索和完善阶段,为进一步提升管理效率和促进非常规油气实现效益开发、全方位提质增效,非常规油气开发需要从全生命周期融合、一体化组织设计、业务流程优化与再造、数据平台建设四大方向进行进一步探索,促进非常规油气行业发展,为中国能源结构的转型和可持续发展做出更大的贡献。

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2026年第16卷第4期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025265
  • 接收时间:2025-06-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-26
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  • 收稿日期:2025-06-09
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    1 中国石油大学(华东)经济管理学院,山东   青岛 266580
    2 中国石油长庆油田分公司第一采气厂,陕西   西安 710021
    3 中国石油长庆油田苏里格南作业分公司,陕西   西安 710018
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