Article(id=1322942829823140560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322942002035295141, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025255, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1755446400000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-18, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343749719, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1790352000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343749719, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343749719, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343749719, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322942002035295141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='5', pageStart='949', pageEnd='1136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1790352000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343552359, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344212649, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944771945267389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322942002035295141, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944771945267390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322942002035295141, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1113, endPage=1121, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322942831639274193, articleId=1322942829823140560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Research on construction and application of digital-intelligent closed-loop management system for economic evaluation of oil and gas fields, columnId=1322941869210075380, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Digital and Intelligent Energy, runingTitle=null, highlight=

With the increasing uncertainty in the global energy market and the implementation of the “Digital & Intelligence PetroChina” strategy, traditional economic evaluation faces challenges such as strong dependence on experience, significant data silo effects, and insufficient dynamic response capabilities. To address these challenges, this paper constructed a digital-intelligent closed-loop management system for economic evaluation covering the entire chain of data, model, decision-making, and supervision. Nine professional decision-making models were proposed, including neural network-based economic recoverability prediction, three-level reserve marginal benefit evaluation, and single-well production optimization. A dual-loop management architecture of “project-level micro loop” and “enterprise-level macro loop” was designed. A standardized database covering five categories of indicators, including basic data, development data, and cost data, common parameters, and investment data, was established. Data authenticity and the scientific soundness of decision-making were ensured through dynamic review, intelligent warning, and retrospective analysis. Practical applications showed that this system significantly improved economic evaluation accuracy and strongly supported quality and efficiency improvement in oil fields. In terms of economic evaluation of oil and gas resources, the evaluation results effectively guided the optimization of exploration directions. Through analogy analysis of blocks P, T, U, and V of oilfield S, blocks P and T were selected for priority implementation, achieving good economic benefits. In terms of optimizing investment in production capacity construction during the development phase, block X of unit N achieved an investment surplus of 10%, and the internal rate of return increased from 8.3% to 9.6% through scheme optimization. In terms of measure-based efficiency improvement, 166 ineffective measure wells were identified and rejected through pre-evaluation in 2024, successfully avoiding risks of 33 million yuan. Overall, the constructed digital-intelligent closed-loop management system effectively solves the limitations of traditional economic evaluation and realizes a transformation from discrete construction project analysis to full-process intelligent decision-making. This system not only provides a scalable digital-intelligent transformation path for oil and gas field enterprises, but its “full-lifecycle dynamic optimization” concept also has guiding significance for the intelligent development of the energy industry.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=FUJUN GUO, HUAPENG BIAN, YUBO WU, HAN LI, HAIJING DONG, authorsList=FUJUN GUO, HUAPENG BIAN, YUBO WU, HAN LI, HAIJING DONG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=HUAPENG BIAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322942832402637526, articleId=1322942829823140560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=油气田经济评价数智化闭环管理体系构建与应用研究, columnId=1322941869369458934, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=数智能源, runingTitle=null, highlight=

随着全球能源市场不确定性增加与“数智中国石油”战略的实施,传统经济评价面临经验依赖性强、数据孤岛效应显著、动态响应能力不足等问题。为此,本文构建了涵盖数据-模型-决策-监管全链条的经济评价数智化闭环管理体系,提出了包含神经网络经济可采性预测、三级储量边际效益评估、单井产量优化等在内的9类专业决策模型;设计了“项目级微闭环”与“企业级宏闭环”的双闭环管理架构;建立了涵盖基础数据、开发数据、成本费用数据、公用参数、投资数据五大类指标的标准化数据库;并通过动态审核、智能预警和回溯分析,确保数据真实性和决策科学性。实际应用表明,该体系显著提升了经济评价精度,有力支撑了油田提质增效。在油气资源经济性评价方面,评价结果有效指导勘探方向优化,通过对S油田的P、T、U、V 四个区块的类比评价,选出P、T区块优先实施,取得了较好的经济效益;在开发阶段产能建设投资优化方面,N单位X区块通过方案优化实现投资结余10%,内部收益率由8.3%提升至9.6%;在措施增效方面,2024年通过前期评价识别并否决166口无效措施井,成功规避风险3 300×104元。综上所述,构建的数智化闭环管理体系有效解决了传统经济评价的局限性,实现了从离散建设项目分析到全流程智能决策的跨越。该体系不仅为油气田企业提供了可推广的数智化转型路径,其“全生命周期动态优化”理念对能源行业的智能化发展也具有指导意义。

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郭福军(1967—),男,本科,正高级工程师,从事油气勘探开发经济研究工作。地址:辽宁省盘锦市兴隆台区石油大街96号,邮政编码:124010。E-mail:

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卞华鹏(1987—),男,硕士,高级经济师,从事油气勘探经济评价研究工作。地址:辽宁省盘锦市兴隆台区石油大街96号,邮政编码:124010。E-mail:
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郭福军(1967—),男,本科,正高级工程师,从事油气勘探开发经济研究工作。地址:辽宁省盘锦市兴隆台区石油大街96号,邮政编码:124010。E-mail:

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International Petroleum Economics, 2024, 32(11): 92-99., articleTitle=Research on economic evaluation methods of multi-reservoir traps for overseas exploration projects: “Complexion Reduction” probability method, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322942832612352727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942829823140560, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942832624935640, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942829823140560, companyId=1322942832612352727, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Economic & Technological Research Institute, PetroChina Liaohe Oilfield Company, Panjin, Liaoning 124010, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942832633324249, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942829823140560, companyId=1322942832612352727, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国石油辽河油田分公司经济技术研究院,辽宁   盘锦 124010)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322942836282368765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942829823140560, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Frameworkof closed-loop economic evaluation management, figureFileSmall=aCsMTDfdJrt1l/us57jWUA==, figureFileBig=bYltQbwLRtRhN/6bbLwLJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942836353671934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942829823140560, language=CN, label=图1, caption=经济评价闭环管理架构, figureFileSmall=aCsMTDfdJrt1l/us57jWUA==, figureFileBig=bYltQbwLRtRhN/6bbLwLJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942836529832703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942829823140560, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Neural network model for economic evaluation of oil and gas resources, figureFileSmall=VNfoVCIiHLYvQL3tWJv07g==, figureFileBig=nToecJWU7E2EtvqtBXP7Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942836617913088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942829823140560, language=CN, label=图2, caption=油气资源经济评价神经网络模型, figureFileSmall=VNfoVCIiHLYvQL3tWJv07g==, figureFileBig=nToecJWU7E2EtvqtBXP7Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942836685021953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942829823140560, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Comparison of unit total costs for each block of oilfield S, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块

视勘探成本

/(元/t)

视开发成本

/(元/t)

视经营成本

/(元/t)

单位弃置费

/(元/t)

单位税费

/(元/t)

单位全成本

/(元/t)

地质资源量

104 t

P1821 296778652592 5806 350
T1971 348882672592 7538 300
U2071 8151 141912593 5132 800
V2332 0741 2961042593 9673 400
), ArticleFig(id=1322942836768908034, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942829823140560, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

S油田各区块单位全成本对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块

视勘探成本

/(元/t)

视开发成本

/(元/t)

视经营成本

/(元/t)

单位弃置费

/(元/t)

单位税费

/(元/t)

单位全成本

/(元/t)

地质资源量

104 t

P1821 296778652592 5806 350
T1971 348882672592 7538 300
U2071 8151 141912593 5132 800
V2332 0741 2961042593 9673 400
), ArticleFig(id=1322942836852794115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942829823140560, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Drilling investment in 2023, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号单位钻井计划总投资/108 元钻井实际总投资/108 元钻井投资结余率/%
1A2.522.395.16
2B0.860.806.98
3C1.321.310.76
4D0.440.432.27
5E1.941.892.58
6F0.930.903.23
7G0.980.971.02
8H2.442.430.41
9L5.865.801.02
10M3.853.742.86
11N1.801.6110.56
12O5.235.180.96
), ArticleFig(id=1322942836928291588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942829823140560, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2023年钻井投资统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号单位钻井计划总投资/108 元钻井实际总投资/108 元钻井投资结余率/%
1A2.522.395.16
2B0.860.806.98
3C1.321.310.76
4D0.440.432.27
5E1.941.892.58
6F0.930.903.23
7G0.980.971.02
8H2.442.430.41
9L5.865.801.02
10M3.853.742.86
11N1.801.6110.56
12O5.235.180.96
), ArticleFig(id=1322942837012177669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942829823140560, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Evaluation of benefit after measures, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
措施名称经济有效率/%产出投入比措施增油/(t/井)经济极限增油/(t/井)措施费用平均措施有效期/月
104 元/井元/t
侧钻53.92.071 867.0835.0168.690334.3
大修56.83.692 125.0657.098.646428.9
压裂70.44.741 870.0243.069.637232.2
解堵74.46.97527.331.111.822410.4
防砂69.25.51648.762.719.430012.8
堵水56.84.40521.687.613.726210.3
调补层65.15.90762.787.323.530811.7
调剖72.74.48400.533.310.125310.2
), ArticleFig(id=1322942837083480838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942829823140560, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

措施后评价效益

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
措施名称经济有效率/%产出投入比措施增油/(t/井)经济极限增油/(t/井)措施费用平均措施有效期/月
104 元/井元/t
侧钻53.92.071 867.0835.0168.690334.3
大修56.83.692 125.0657.098.646428.9
压裂70.44.741 870.0243.069.637232.2
解堵74.46.97527.331.111.822410.4
防砂69.25.51648.762.719.430012.8
堵水56.84.40521.687.613.726210.3
调补层65.15.90762.787.323.530811.7
调剖72.74.48400.533.310.125310.2
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油气田经济评价数智化闭环管理体系构建与应用研究
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郭福军 , 卞华鹏 , 吴宇博 , 李晗 , 董海静
油气藏评价与开发 | 数智能源 2026,16(5): 1113-1121
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油气藏评价与开发 |数智能源 2026 , 16 (5) : 1113 -1121
油气田经济评价数智化闭环管理体系构建与应用研究
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郭福军(1967—),男,本科,正高级工程师,从事油气勘探开发经济研究工作。地址:辽宁省盘锦市兴隆台区石油大街96号,邮政编码:124010。E-mail:

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郭福军(1967—),男,本科,正高级工程师,从事油气勘探开发经济研究工作。地址:辽宁省盘锦市兴隆台区石油大街96号,邮政编码:124010。E-mail:

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郭福军 , 卞华鹏, 吴宇博, 李晗, 董海静
作者信息
  • 中国石油辽河油田分公司经济技术研究院,辽宁   盘锦 124010
通讯作者:
卞华鹏(1987—),男,硕士,高级经济师,从事油气勘探经济评价研究工作。地址:辽宁省盘锦市兴隆台区石油大街96号,邮政编码:124010。E-mail:
作者简介:

郭福军(1967—),男,本科,正高级工程师,从事油气勘探开发经济研究工作。地址:辽宁省盘锦市兴隆台区石油大街96号,邮政编码:124010。E-mail:

Research on construction and application of digital-intelligent closed-loop management system for economic evaluation of oil and gas fields
FUJUN GUO , HUAPENG BIAN, YUBO WU, HAN LI, HAIJING DONG
Affiliations
  • Economic & Technological Research Institute, PetroChina Liaohe Oilfield Company, Panjin, Liaoning 124010, China
出版时间: 2026-09-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025255
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油气田  /  经济评价  /  数智化  /  数据  /  模型
oil and gas field  /  economic evaluation  /  digital intelligence  /  data  /  model
郭福军, 卞华鹏, 吴宇博, 李晗, 董海静. 油气田经济评价数智化闭环管理体系构建与应用研究. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (5) : 1113 -1121 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025255
FUJUN GUO, HUAPENG BIAN, YUBO WU, HAN LI, HAIJING DONG. Research on construction and application of digital-intelligent closed-loop management system for economic evaluation of oil and gas fields[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (5) : 1113 -1121 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025255
在全球能源格局深度调整与“双碳”目标持续推进的背景下,油气田企业正面临前所未有的经营压力与发展机遇。一方面,国际地缘政治冲突加剧导致能源市场不确定性持续增加,国际原油价格呈现高波动特征;另一方面,中国油气储量劣质化趋势日益明显,深层、低渗透、非常规和海洋等难采储量的开采占比持续扩大,推高勘探开发成本。传统的经济评价模式因依赖人工经验,存在数据孤岛、动态响应滞后等问题,已难以支撑新形势下投资决策的科学性要求[1-2]。尤其在“深、低、非、海”及新能源领域开发中,经济效益评估偏差易引发巨额投资风险,亟待构建适应数智化转型需求的新型评价体系。
当前,国家“数字经济”战略与中石油“数智中国石油”战略部署对油气行业智能化发展提出了明确要求。随着DeepSeek、昆仑大模型等人工智能技术的深度应用,经济评价的数智化转型具备了技术可行性[3-10]。本文聚焦油气田企业经济评价中的核心矛盾,即如何通过全流程数据驱动与闭环管理,突破传统评价模式的局限性,实现从离散式项目单点分析到全生命周期智能决策的跃升。通过构建“项目级微闭环+企业级宏闭环”双循环体系,探索油气田效益评价向精准化、动态化与协同化发展的路径,为行业数智化转型提供可借鉴的实践范式。
近年来,随着石油行业转型升级持续推进,经济评价工作的战略价值显著提升。评价范围已覆盖勘探、开发、生产及后评价全生命周期环节(图1),但在实际应用中仍存在以下关键瓶颈:① 当前经济评价工作采取项目制运行模式,各阶段评价结果缺乏有效衔接,难以形成系统性决策依据;②现有评价体系偏重效益达标考核,对油田企业生产运营优化决策的参谋与支撑功能有待强化;③ 产量、投资、成本等大量评价基础数据分散在独立的数据库中,动态综合分析难度大。针对上述问题,建议构建“数智驱动、闭环管控”的新型管理体系,其核心逻辑为:以数智化建设为手段,创建油气田效益评价数据湖,建立经济评价全过程数智化闭环管理体系;以项目级微闭环管理实现项目的全过程联动评价;以企业级宏闭环管理实现全项目的整体评价,为企业投资管控与生产运行优化提供科学决策依据。
经济评价全过程数智化闭环管理体系主要包括四大核心要素:数据采集与整理、数据分析与挖掘、经济评价决策模型、监督检查制度保障。该体系包含2种层级的闭环管理模式:一是项目级微闭环管理,即单一项目的全生命周期经济评价管理,涵盖从项目的经济可行性评价、过程动态效益评价到最终效益后评价的全过程经济评价活动;二是企业级宏闭环管理,将油田勘探、开发、生产、经营直至废弃视为一个有机整体进行统筹评价。其逻辑在于:勘探发现经济可采储量,为开发奠定资源基础;在开发与生产环节实现经济效益;最终完成油田废弃处置。这是从整个油田价值链角度出发的经济评价管理,系统覆盖所有关键节点(勘探、开发、生产、经营、废弃)的经济评价管理。2种闭环管理模式遵循相同的核心管理流程与评价模型,且相互关联、相互影响:项目级微闭环管理是企业级宏闭环管理的基本实施单元;企业级宏闭环管理的统筹评价结果与策略,为项目级微闭环管理的具体运行提供指导和优化方向。
数据是数智化管理的基石。油气田效益评价数据湖中的数据主要包括基础数据、开发数据、成本费用数据、公用参数、投资数据等[11-14],各类数据的具体内容及采集方式如下。
基础数据包括油气井井号、井别、油气种类、油气井投产时间、抽油机类型、采油设备额定功率、电机额定功率、负载率、单井耗电量、油气藏类型、销售油品类型、归属油田名称、评价单元、作业区归属、区块归属、中心站归属及自然站归属等。数据采集主要由作业区地质、资产、生产协调等职能部门及油田公司主管单位提供,再由作业区评价人员统一整理录入。
开发数据主要包括储层层系、有效厚度、注水计量数据、掺油用量、掺水用量、生产时长、井口产液与产油数据、核实产量、井口产气量、综合含水率,累积产油量、累积注汽量等统计指标,以及增产措施及低效生产原因等关键信息。对于稠油油藏还包含周期生产轮次、注汽周期起止日期及周期注汽量。该类数据来源于A2油气生产数据库,由厂评价人员按月汇总提取。
成本费用数据包括一级、二级及三级成本项目。一级成本项目包括采出作业费、驱油物注入费、井下作业费、测井试井费、维护及修理费、稠油热采费、油气处理费、轻烃回收费、天然气净化费、运输费、其他直接费、厂矿管理费、自用油气产品费、折旧折耗、期间费用、勘探费用等。一级成本项目的子项目(二级成本项目)、二级成本项目的子项目(三级成本项目)由各采油单位根据实际情况设定。成本费用数据的采集按照作业区、厂评价人员两级进行采集。为准确核算单井成本,采取分类统计方式,将所有成本划分为直接费用和间接费用2类。直接费用是能够与具体单井直接对应、归属明确的各项支出;间接费用是指无法直接关联到特定单井的公共成本,需按照科学合理的方法分摊至单井,具体分摊办法执行中国石油天然气集团有限公司企业标准《已开发油气田区块、单井效益分类和评价方法》(Q/SY 01035—2020)。
公用参数具体包括管道输送损耗率、单位注汽成本、电力价格、油气商品率、原油销售价格、天然气销售价格、销售税金及附加、管理费用、财务费用、销售费用、勘探费用、天然气与原油当量换算系数、吨/桶换算比率及外汇汇率等指标。作业区地质技术部门提供油气生产相关的技术参数;采油厂财务科室提供成本核算所需的财务数据;公司级相关主管部门提供税费、汇率等宏观经营数据。由作业区、厂效益分析员分两级录入。
投资数据包括钻井费用、录井费用、测井费用、压裂费用、地面费用、甲方费用和其他费用。其中,钻井费用包括完钻日期、井型、完井进尺、水平段长度、完井方式、套管结构、金额、工作量描述。压裂费用包括压裂长度、压裂段数、压裂类型、压裂液类型、支撑剂类型、支撑剂数量、金额。投资数据由采油单位评价人员负责具体的收集整理与录入工作。
在数据全面收集整理的基础上,运用人工智能算法开展深度挖掘工作,可有效揭示数据背后的规律和趋势。包括成本变化规律研究、效益产量分析、措施效益分析等,其内容涵盖寻找其变化规律及其成因,并进行对标分析,判断项目所处的效益级别及类型,为决策提供科学依据。
通过数据分析与挖掘,能够精准定位数据变化的本质,为项目评价提供数据支撑。以2005年批次新井为例,其历年平均开井递减率为1.71%,投产后前10 a平均递减率为1.88%。该批次新井产量呈现先升后降的趋势,投运当年产量为89.96×104 t,随后攀升至124.38×104 t的峰值,之后开始逐步递减,目前产量仅为42.16×104 t,较峰值下降了三分之二。与产量变化趋势相反,成本指标持续攀升:单位操作成本从初始的377.4元/t上升至目前的1 552.9元/t,单井年操作成本从50.39×104元上升至129.39×104元。经核算,相较于峰值时期,产量下降了三分之二,单位操作成本增加了3.1倍,单井年操作成本增加了1.6倍。
通过数据分析与挖掘,查找数据异常点,进行异常点分析,判断数据的合理性。如2024年对油气田效益评价数据进行检查,发现236个异常点,占数据节点的十万分之一。通过对异常点进行分析,既有数据采集错误,又有油井上措施后未见效造成数据异常的原因,最终修改了87个数据采集录入错误数据。
通过数据分析与挖掘,寻找事物的本质规律。对历年效益产量结构分析可知,影响效益产量结构的因素主要有成本、产量、税金、油价等。油价相同、产量相同条件下,耗费的成本越少,有效产量越多,盈利能力就越强。历年效益产量计算结果表明2020年效益产量结构最优:效益一类产量占比69.3%,无效益产量占比3.4%。
将数据分析结果直接应用于决策过程,实现从经验决策向数据驱动决策的转变。通过构建经济评价模型[15-21],结合资源条件、油价变化等因素,动态调整生产运行、投资策略等,确保决策的科学性和前瞻性。项目级微闭环管理和企业级宏闭环管理采用的评价决策模型相同,按评价阶段,该模型分为勘探阶段经济性评价模型、产能建设阶段经济性评价模型和采油阶段效益优化模型。
油气资源经济性评价采用神经网络模型或全成本模型。神经网络模型涉及参数多,但考虑全面,结果相对准确;全成本模型参数少,易获取,但结果只考虑成本,未考虑价格等因素。在实际应用中应根据待评价区块的实际情况选择。
1)神经网络模型
对于经济可采性评价中的神经网络预测模型构建,其网络架构包含3个层级:输入层、隐藏层和输出层(图2)。输入层:主要包含基础地质参数组合及内部收益率数据;隐藏层:由建模工具通过参数组合自动生成的隐函数组构成,这一过程通常难以直接解释,属于机器学习计算环节;输出层:基于输入的地质参数,通过神经网络模型输出内部收益率预测值。整个构建过程具有“黑箱”特性,中间参数的物理意义较为模糊,但能够实现高维数据的自动化分析与预测。油气资源经济性神经网络模型通过评价区块的地质参数采用暗箱拟合的高阶函数求取内部收益率,跳过了开发方案编制和现金流模拟的评价步骤,降低了勘探早期方案编制的不确定性。
2) 全成本分析模型
油气资源全成本分析法是通过类比相似已开发单元的全成本,在不估算现金流的情况下通过全成本与评估油价对比判断评价单元是否经济可行。适用于中高勘探程度的盆地或地区,特别是临近开发区评价单元。“全成本”是将资源在勘探、开发、弃置的整个过程中所需的全部费用折算成单位油气的采出成本,实现与油气价格的对比。油气资源全成本包括视勘探成本、视开发成本、视经营成本、弃置费、油气资源相关税费等5个部分。
根据盈亏平衡原理,计算公式如下:
P=Pe  Pd  Pu  Pr⋅1111+Tap
式中:P为单位油气资源全成本,单位油:元/t,气:元/m3; Pe为单位视勘探成本,单位油:元/t,气:元/m3;Pd为单位视开发成本,单位油:元/t,气:元/m3;Pu为单位视经营成本,单位油:元/t,气:元/m3; Pr为单位弃置费,单位油:元/t,气:元/m3; Tap为单位税费,单位油:元/t,气:元/m3。
单位视勘探成本是勘探总投入与同期新增技术可采储量的比值;单位视开发成本是开发总投资与技术可采资源量的比值,其取值可参照评价单元或邻近地质条件相似的探明储量区块;单位视经营成本是评价单元在运营期的经营成本之和与评价期内累积产油量的比值;单位弃置费是单位视开发成本与弃置费提取比例的乘积;单位视勘探成本、单位视开发成本和单位视经营成本可类比评价单元地质特征相近的邻区或油气公司已探明储量区块的实际发生值。
油气勘探(三级储量)阶段需要开展单井经济性评价和储量开发方案评价。储量开发方案经济评价方法按照开发状态进行选择,探明已开发储量采用经济极限法估算经济可采储量,探明未开发储量采用现金流量法估算经济可采储量。
1) 单井经济性评价模型
油气三级储量评价前需开展单井经济性评价,达不到单井经济性要求的油(气)井及相关资源(储量),不应参与控制储量和探明储量计算。
单井最低累产油量计算模型:依据盈亏平衡原理可知,单井在经济寿命期内必须至少回收钻完井投资、地面工程投资、操作成本、弃置费及相关税费,否则项目不具备经济可行性。单井最低累产油量计算公式如下:
QEUR,min=I(1+RDE)+CFRo(Po-Taxo-Cvo)+RBROB(PB-TaxB)
式中:QEUR,min为最低可采量,单位104 t;I为建井投资(钻井工程投资、地面工程投资等),单位104元;RDE为弃置费用占投资的比例,%;CF为寿命期内原油固定操作成本,单位104元;Cvo为可变操作成本,单位元/t;Po为原油销售价格,单位元/t;PB 为伴生产品销售价格,单位元/t;Taxo为原油销售税金,单位元/t;TaxB为伴生产品销售税金,单位元/t;RB为伴生产品与原油产量比,%;Ro为原油商品率,%;ROB为伴生产品商品率,%。
单井最低初期稳定产量计算模型:基于油井产量递减规律,计算达到单井最低累积产油量所需的最低初期日产油量。计算公式如下:
qei=QEUR,mindoDa[1+(n-1)do-(1-do)T-n+1]
式中:qei为单井最低初期日产油量,单位t;do为年自然递减率,%;T为寿命期,单位a;Da为平均年生产天数,单位d;n为稳产期,单位a。
单井最低经济有效厚度计算模型:根据单井最低累积产油量和采收率,确定单井控制储量,进而计算符合开发效益的单井最低经济有效厚度。计算公式如下:
he=0.01QEUR,minBoiREORρoAoφSoi
式中:he为最低经济有效厚度,单位m;REOR为经济采收率,%;Boi 为原始原油体积系数;ρo为地面原油密度,单位t/m3;Ao为单井控制的泄油面积,单位km2;φ 为有效孔隙度,%;Soi 为原始含油饱和度,%。
2) 现金流量法
计算指标包括内部收益率和财务净现值(NPV);经济可采储量估算以内部收益率、财务净现值为判别条件,分为2种情况:①当内部收益率大于或等于行业基准收益率时,经济可采储量为经济生产年限内的累积产油量与评估基准日之前已采出的累积产油量之和;②当内部收益率小于行业基准收益率或财务净现值小于零时,经济可采储量为评估基准日之前已采出的累积产油量。
3) 经济极限法
经济可采储量为经济极限年产量之前的产量之和。油井经济极限年产油量计算公式如下:
qie=CfoDaRo(Po-Taxo-Cvo)+DaRBROB(PB-TaxB)
式中:qie为单井经济极限年产油量,单位t;Cfo为单位固定操作成本,单位元/a。
在详细开发方案编制的前提下,估算投资、成本、收入、税费等,开展方案现金流量分析,计算项目的内部收益率、财务净现值等指标,判断项目的经济可行性。
内部收益率大于基准收益率或财务净现值大于等于0,盈利能力满足要求;内部收益率小于基准收益率或财务净现值小于0,项目盈利能力没有满足要求。
结合年度新井建设计划,采用财务净现值最大化模型优化投资与产量匹配。优化模型为:
FNPV=max∑i=1nFNPV, i
约束条件为:
∑i=1nQon, i≥Qon∑i=1nIi≤I总
式中:FNPV为全部新井财务净现值,单位104 元;FNPV,i为第i口井的财务净现值,单位104元;Ii为第i口井的新井建设投资,单位104 元;I总为产建总投资,单位104元;Qon, i为第i口井生产能力,单位104 t;Qon为当年总生产能力,单位104 元。
措施效益产量的计算分为经济可行性筛选与优化建模两步:首先论证措施的经济可行性(投入产出比>1);再基于0—1整数规划模型,以效益最大化为目标求解最优措施组合及对应产量。模型为:
Prc=max∑i=1kjiqo, iPo, i-∑i=1kji(Ii+Ci)
约束条件为:
∑i=1kjiqo, i≥Q∑i=1kjiIi≤Ic
式中:Prc为措施组合收益,单位104元;ji为待求系数,取0或1;qo, i为第i种措施的单井增油量,单位104 t;Po, i为第i种措施增产量的税后销售价格,单位元/t;Ci为第i种措施单井次增油的增量成本,单位104 元;Ii为第i种措施的单井措施费用,单位104 元;Ic为措施总投入,单位104 元;Q为当年最低总增油量,单位104 t;k为措施计划总井次,单位次。
老井是根据上年度的运行现状,预测下一年度的自然产量、成本、价格税金,计算单井效益贡献。贡献值是单井收益减去维持油井简单再生产所发生的直接成本。优化模型为:
Tr=max[∑j=1n(qjpjRo-Cv, j)-CFZ]
式中:Tr为收益,单位104 元;qj为第j口井的年产量,单位104 t;Cv, j为第j口油井直接发生的成本,单位104元; pj为第j口油井的税后价格,单位元/t;CFZ为总固定成本费用,单位104元。
基于成本结构(最低运行费、基本运行费、营运成本),油井的经济性划分为四类:高效益井(收益显著)、有效益井(盈利但有限)、边际效益井(勉强维持)及无效益井(亏损)。计算模型如下:
Pr, i=P-Tax-Cii=1,2,3
式中:P为单位产品销售价格,单位元/t;Tax为单位产品税金,元/t;Ci​为单位产品成本,单位元/t;Pr, i 为单位产品经济效益,单位元/t;Pr1为基于最低运行费用的单位产品经济效益,单位元/t;C1 为单位产品最低运行费,单位元/t;Pr2为基于基本运行费的单位产品经济效益,单位元/t;C2为单位产品的基本运行费用,单位元/t;Pr3 为基于营运成本的单位产品经济效益,单位元/t;C3为单位产品的营运成本,单位元/t。
Pr3>0表明该井为高效益油气井;Pr2>0,且Pr3 ≤0表明该井为有效益油气井;Pr1>0,且Pr2≤0表明该井为边际效益油气井; Pr1≤0表明该井为无效益油气井。
依据盈亏平衡原理,建立系列经济开采界限模型[22-23]。
1) 经济极限日产:
qolim=Clql+Ce(Po-Taxo)Ro
式中:qolim为经济极限日产油量,单位t;Ce为日用电费,单位元;Cl为吨液处理费,单位元/t;ql为日产液量,单位t。
2) 经济极限含水:
fwlim=KCwPo-Taxo-Ct-Cd
式中:Cw为单位注水成本,单位元/t;Ct为扣除注水费用后的单位操作成本,单位元/t;Cd为单位折旧折耗费用,单位元/t;fwlim为经济极限含水率,%;K为注采比。
3) 经济极限油汽比:
ROSR,lim=Cq(Po-Taxo)Ro-(C'+Cd)
式中:Cq为吨蒸汽费用,单位元/ t;C'为扣除热采费后的操作成本,单位元/t;ROSR,lim为极限油汽比,%。
为确保经济评价全流程数智化闭环管理的高效运行,油田企业应构建涵盖制度约束、智能监控与动态优化三大维度的三位一体监督保障机制,通过“制度固本、技术赋能、迭代进化”的策略,旨在实现数据全周期可信、决策全过程可溯、执行全链条可控。
1) 定期审核机制:建立季度专家评审与月度数据穿透审计相结合的复合审核制度。重点核查单井成本分摊算法逻辑、投资优化方案经济性验证等核心环节,确保全流程符合中国石油天然气集团有限公司企业标准《已开发油气田区块、单井效益分类和评价方法》(Q/SY 01035—2020),维护数据湖的准确性与可用性。
2) 全链条责任追溯机制:为避免评价工作仅聚焦项目效益是否达标的现象,对储量上报、措施投资等关键环节实行“双人复核+终身追责”,若评价结果偏差率大于5%或导致重大损失,需追溯至数据录入员、项目评价人员及审批人员,并纳入绩效考核。
1)指标异常预警:实时监测单井操作成本、措施投入产出比等关键指标,对异常值自动触发报警流程,并生成修复建议,以确保数据错误得以及时修正,有效减少评价误差。
2) 决策回溯分析:建立项目回溯分析制度,对已实施方案的预期效益与实际效益进行对比分析。针对平均误差大于10%的方案,深入分析原因并总结教训,为后续项目评价提供借鉴,持续提升评价准确性。
1) 年度闭环反馈机制:每年总结储量评估误差率、措施无效井占比等指标,每年度更新模型参数,确保评价的科学性。
2) 敏捷阈值调整机制:结合国际油价波动趋势与油田开发阶段特征,每半年动态调整数据采集标准偏差容忍度、效益分类阈值弹性区间等关键参数。
以油气资源经济性全成本分析模型为例,S油田资源量2.085×108 t,在效益评价数据湖中通过模糊查询筛选类比已开发区块,类比P、T、U、V四个区块的单位完全成本分别为2 580、2 753、3 513、3 967元/t,地质资源量分别为6 350×104、8 300×104、2 800×104、3 400×104 t,分析得出P和T区块勘探成功后的资源规模较大和经济效益较好,建议优先实施(表1)。
应用数智化平台中的投资数据库,对钻井投资进行分析。分析不同年度、不同井型的米进尺投资变化趋势,为投资优化提供更充分依据。
以2023年钻井投资为例(表2):12家采油单位中,有9家单位的钻井投资结余率小于5.00%;A单位和B单位的结余率为5.16%和6.98%;仅N单位1家的结余率超过10.00%。这一分布直观反映了各采油单位投资调整计划与实际执行效果之间的差异。
针对N单位投资结余情况,经核查:钻探费用结余760×104元;甲方费用结余1 130×104元结余主要源于以下优化措施:在实际实施过程中,通过优化地面井位部署,降低了造斜率要求;结合地下地质条件,对井位进行反复推演优选;充分利用现有老平台进行井场扩建,有效减少了单井征地费用。
N单位X区块计划部署产能建设井25口,计划投资6.25×108元,按照现金流量法计算,原方案内部收益率为8.3%。基于N单位2023年投资结余归因分析结论,对建设方案实施优化,实现投资节约约10%。优化后内部收益率提升至9.6%。
2024年依托平台开展了措施评价全过程数智化管理:开展前评价6 620井次,否决无效措施166井次,避免风险性支出3 300×104 元;开展措施跟踪评价2 700 井次,年增油57.16×104 t,已结束有效期的措施效益评价结果见表3。通过后评价结果分析:措施有效期最长为侧钻措施,达34.3个月;产出投入比最大的是解堵,达6.97。通过过程数智化管理,避免了风险投资,也为下一步措施实施指明了方向。
1) 基于油田多年实践,本文构建了涵盖数据-模型-决策-监管全链条的经济评价数智化闭环管理体系,推动了油气田企业从经验决策向数据驱动决策的战略转型,可供其他油气田参考。
2) 创新性地提出了“双循环”评价架构:项目级微闭环(单项目全生命周期)覆盖可行性评价-动态跟踪-后评估三阶段,实现投资方案迭代优化;企业级宏闭环(油田全生命周期)贯通勘探-开发-采油-后评价全流程,形成资源-效益一体化决策链条。
3) 开发了九大专业决策矩阵模型,经油田规模化应用,取得显著经济效益和社会效益。
4) 未来方向:深化与人工智能大模型(如DeepSeek、昆仑大模型)的技术融合,构建生成式经济评价辅助系统;拓展应用至CO2捕集、利用与封存技术(CCUS),地热等新能源项目延伸。

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2026年第16卷第5期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025255
  • 接收时间:2025-08-18
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-09-26
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-18
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    中国石油辽河油田分公司经济技术研究院,辽宁   盘锦 124010

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卞华鹏(1987—),男,硕士,高级经济师,从事油气勘探经济评价研究工作。地址:辽宁省盘锦市兴隆台区石油大街96号,邮政编码:124010。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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