Article(id=1322942022088270445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025183, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1756137600000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343557139, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1779724800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343557139, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343557139, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343557139, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941718441623734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='3', pageStart='489', pageEnd='736', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779724800000', pubDateStr='2026-05-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343484745, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344165564, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944574066402279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944574070596584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=616, endPage=629, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322942022423814766, articleId=1322942022088270445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Study on typical geological characteristics and production patterns of normal-pressure shale gas: A case study of well LY1HF in Wulong block, southeastern Chongqing, columnId=1322941693024141328, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Development, runingTitle=null, highlight=

China’s normal-pressure shale gas resources are widely distributed and hold significant potential, serving as one of the important replacement areas for future reserve growth and production enhancement. Well LY1 in the Wulong block, located in the fold belt outside the Sichuan Basin, is a typical normal-pressure shale gas well. It has been in continuous production for nearly 10 years, with a cumulative gas production exceeding 40 000 × 104 m3. It is currently the normal-pressure shale gas well with the highest cumulative production outside the basin, highlighting the promising exploration and development prospects of normal-pressure shale gas. Based on drilling, logging, seismic, laboratory analysis, and fracturing test data from the Wulong area, this study systematically analyzed the geological characteristics of the normal-pressure shale gas reservoir, clarified its production dynamics and flow mechanisms at different development stages, and deepened the understanding of the main controlling factors of the enrichment and high productivity of normal-pressure shale gas. The results showed that: (1) The thickness of high-quality shale in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation in the normal-pressure area of Wulong was approximately 32 m. Although slightly thinner than that in the overpressured area inside the basin, it still provided a favorable material foundation. The reservoir exhibited favorable physical properties, with well-developed organic matter pores (pore diameters ranging from 2 to 50 nm) and more developed microfractures than those inside the basin. Influenced by multi-stage tectonic movements, reservoir preservation conditions were relatively poor. As a result, shale gas occurred mainly in an adsorbed state, and the total gas content was lower than that in the overpressured area inside the basin. The shale demonstrated a high brittleness index, and its mechanical properties were generally favorable for subsequent fracturing stimulation. (2) Preservation conditions were the prerequisite for normal-pressure shale gas enrichment. The in-situ stress field was the critical determinant for its high productivity. The complexity of the fracture network was the key to determining the variations in single-well production. (3) The production of normal-pressure shale gas wells underwent three stages: controlled pressure flow in the initial stage, enhanced drainage in the middle stage, and artificial lifting in the late stage. This process exhibited typical characteristics, including a long drainage period, high flowback rate, low gas-liquid ratio, strong stable production capacity under low pressure, and a gentle production decline. The research findings provide important theoretical value and practical guidance for deepening the understanding of normal-pressure shale gas accumulation mechanisms, optimizing development technologies and strategies, and promoting the expansion of China’s shale gas resources into normal-pressure areas.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=YUQIAO GAO1, 2, JINGYA WAN2, BI LU2, QUANFANG GAO1, 2, SHIZHAO LI2, authorsList=YUQIAO GAO, JINGYA WAN, BI LU, QUANFANG GAO, SHIZHAO LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322942024730681983, articleId=1322942022088270445, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=常压页岩气典型地质特征及生产规律研究——以渝东南武隆区块LY1HF井为例, columnId=1322941693259022355, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气开发, runingTitle=null, highlight=

中国常压页岩气资源分布广泛、潜力巨大,是未来增储上产的重要接替领域之一。四川盆地外褶皱带武隆区块LY1井作为典型常压页岩气井,已连续生产近10 a,累计产气量超4 000×104 m3,是目前盆地外累计产气量最高的常压页岩气井,凸显了常压页岩气良好的勘探开发前景。以武隆地区钻井、测井、地震、分析化验及压裂试气资料为基础,系统剖析常压页岩气藏地质特征,明确其生产动态规律及不同开发阶段的渗流机制,深化对常压页岩气富集高产主控因素的认识。研究结果表明:①武隆常压区五峰组—龙马溪组优质页岩厚度约32 m,虽略薄于盆地内高压区,但仍具备较好的物质基础;储层物性较好,有机质孔隙发育,孔径介于2~50 nm,微裂缝发育程度优于盆地内;受多期构造运动叠加影响,储层保存条件相对较差,页岩气以吸附态赋存为主,总含气量低于盆地内高压区;岩石脆性指数较高,力学性质整体有利于后期压裂改造。②保存条件是常压页岩气富集的前提,地应力场是其高产的核心控制因素,缝网复杂程度是决定单井产量差异的关键。③常压页岩气井生产经历前期控压自喷、中期强化排液、后期人工举升3个阶段,呈现排水期长、返排率高、气液比低、低压稳产能力强、产量递减平缓的典型特征。研究成果对深化常压页岩气成藏机理认识、优化开发技术政策及推动中国页岩气资源向常压领域拓展具有重要的理论价值和实践指导意义。

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高玉巧(1978—),女,博士,研究员,从事非常规油气勘探开发方面的管理与研究。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210000。E-mail:

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高玉巧(1978—),女,博士,研究员,从事非常规油气勘探开发方面的管理与研究。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210000。E-mail:

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Natural Gas Geoscience, 2023, 34(3): 540-550., articleTitle=Characteristics of methane carbon isotope fractionation during high-pressure degassing of shale, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322942025024283264, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942025041060481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, companyId=1322942025024283264, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942025049449090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, companyId=1322942025024283264, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京   100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322942025364021891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942025380799108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, companyId=1322942025364021891, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Sinopec East China Oil & Gas Company, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942025389187717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, companyId=1322942025364021891, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院,江苏   南京   210000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322942028568470191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Tectonic location of Wulong block in southeastern Chongqing and sedimentary facies column of well LY1, figureFileSmall=TGZhWvddU+62dYPxXUu71Q==, figureFileBig=ulrv4pqsMdfwWUFmrw6PJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942028773991088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=CN, label=图1, caption=渝东南武隆区块构造位置及LY1井沉积相柱状图, figureFileSmall=TGZhWvddU+62dYPxXUu71Q==, figureFileBig=ulrv4pqsMdfwWUFmrw6PJQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942030548181681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Comprehensive stratigraphic column of Wufeng Formation to first member of Longmaxi Formation in well LY1, Wulong block, southeastern Chongqing, figureFileSmall=sAbku12uPcUD8QId+iBxtA==, figureFileBig=vPzeryPKCoRd+kSvFScH4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942030627873458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=CN, label=图2, caption=渝东南武隆区块LY1井五峰组—龙一段综合柱状图, figureFileSmall=sAbku12uPcUD8QId+iBxtA==, figureFileBig=vPzeryPKCoRd+kSvFScH4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942030694982323, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Comparison of static indicators of high-quality shale in Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation, Jiaoshiba-Wulong-Pengshui area, figureFileSmall=lGCw3ikzG1mKVoLTfbQN7A==, figureFileBig=wPzJT3UclMSeQdAbdZuLfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942030795645620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=CN, label=图3, caption=焦石坝-武隆-彭水地区五峰组—龙马溪组优质页岩静态指标对比, figureFileSmall=lGCw3ikzG1mKVoLTfbQN7A==, figureFileBig=wPzJT3UclMSeQdAbdZuLfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942030862754485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Reservoir physical properties and gas content of high-quality shale in Wufeng Formation to first member of Longmaxi Formation in well LY1 and well JY1, figureFileSmall=/7WH/iL9H1nqSXbkpsP0pQ==, figureFileBig=eQe7OKypk40uKQD9uHwTng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942030950834870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=CN, label=图4, caption=LY1井与JY1井五峰组—龙一段优质页岩储集物性及含气性, figureFileSmall=/7WH/iL9H1nqSXbkpsP0pQ==, figureFileBig=eQe7OKypk40uKQD9uHwTng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942031026332343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Hydrocarbon accumulation model of Wulong syncline in southeastern Chongqing, figureFileSmall=B8v9xHp0hjtIGIemwUSjNg==, figureFileBig=RA7llDa7V8SRsCsphuZ5xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942031101829816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=CN, label=图5, caption=渝东南地区武隆向斜成藏模式, figureFileSmall=B8v9xHp0hjtIGIemwUSjNg==, figureFileBig=RA7llDa7V8SRsCsphuZ5xw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942031177327289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Production curves of well LY1HF in Wulong block, southeastern Chongqing, figureFileSmall=TGMD7kWWot2qp7iEhBcEkA==, figureFileBig=bP4c9magVug0Xe42KFrprQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942031294767803, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=CN, label=图6, caption=渝东南武隆区块LY1HF井生产曲线, figureFileSmall=TGMD7kWWot2qp7iEhBcEkA==, figureFileBig=bP4c9magVug0Xe42KFrprQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942031378653884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Carbon isotopic composition of shale gas samples from field desorption and production tests in well LY1, southeastern Chongqing, figureFileSmall=nD8/ywfVgflTmsvb3bcc4Q==, figureFileBig=7Ol+J/Z153pbn0P24n9UOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942031466734269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=CN, label=图7, caption=渝东南地区LY1井现场解吸和开采气样碳同位素, figureFileSmall=nD8/ywfVgflTmsvb3bcc4Q==, figureFileBig=7Ol+J/Z153pbn0P24n9UOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942031705809598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Division of production stages of normal-pressure shale gas, figureFileSmall=WKoox4ODXajJk3cUbaoZDg==, figureFileBig=w6PCdTtb6EPRmhLycW+euA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942031777112767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=CN, label=图8, caption=常压页岩气不同生产阶段划分, figureFileSmall=WKoox4ODXajJk3cUbaoZDg==, figureFileBig=w6PCdTtb6EPRmhLycW+euA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942032464978624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Comparison of fracturing parameters in Wulong-Jiaoshiba blocks, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
井名脆性矿物含量地应力特征岩石力学特征
石英/%黏土矿物/%脆性矿物/%最大水平主应力/MPa最小水平主应力/MPa水平应力差异系数杨氏模量/GPa泊松比岩石力学脆性指数/%
LY1井55~6518~2470~8555~8040~600.23~0.2645~500.23~0.2760~80
JY1井40~4830~4055~7065~9050~750.15~0.2535~450.23~0.2840~60
), ArticleFig(id=1322942032565641921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

武隆-焦石坝区块可压性参数对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
井名脆性矿物含量地应力特征岩石力学特征
石英/%黏土矿物/%脆性矿物/%最大水平主应力/MPa最小水平主应力/MPa水平应力差异系数杨氏模量/GPa泊松比岩石力学脆性指数/%
LY1井55~6518~2470~8555~8040~600.23~0.2645~500.23~0.2760~80
JY1井40~4830~4055~7065~9050~750.15~0.2535~450.23~0.2840~60
), ArticleFig(id=1322942032901186242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Statistics of staged production indicators for normal-pressure shale gas wells with different pressure coefficients, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
压力系数控压自喷阶段强化排液阶段降压排采阶段
0.9~1.0

纯液阶段时间10~15 d

日产气量(2.5~3.5)×104 m3

阶段递减率>35%

单位压降产气量(40~60)×104 m3/MPa

阶段返排率5%~30%,累计产气量(700~1 500)×104 m3

日产气量(1.5~3.0)×104 m3

阶段递减率12%~28%

阶段返排率40%~50%

累计产气量(1 300~3 000)×104 m3

日产气量(1.0~1.5)×104 m3

阶段递减率5%~10%

返排率>50%

单井EUR (0.35~0.50)×108 m3

1.0~1.1

纯液阶段时间1~10 d

日产气量(3~4)×104 m3

阶段递减率30%~35%

单位压降产气量(80~120)×104 m3/MPa

阶段返排率5%~25%,累计产气量(800~1 500)×104 m3

日产气量(2~3)×104 m3

阶段递减率15%~25%

阶段返排率30%~40%

累计产气量(2 700~4 000)×104 m3

日产气量(1.5~2.0)×104 m3

阶段递减率10%~13%

返排率>40%

单井EUR (0.5~0.7)×108 m3

1.1~1.2

纯液阶段时间<1 d

日产气量(4~10)×104 m3

阶段递减率25%~30%

单位压降产气量(120~150)×104 m3/MPa

阶段返排率2%~15%,累计产气量(1 500~2 500)×104 m3

日产气量(3~8)×104 m3

阶段递减率16%~23%

阶段返排率20%~30%

累计产气量(4 000~6 000)×104 m3

日产气量(2~3)×104 m3

阶段递减率12%~17%

返排率>30%

单井EUR (0.7~0.9)×108 m3

1.2~1.3

日产气量(6~10)×104 m3

阶段递减率20%~25%

单位压降产气量>180×104 m3/MPa

阶段返排率1%~10%,累计产气量(2 000~3 000)×104 m3

日产气量(3.5~8.0)×104 m3

阶段递减率16%~22%

阶段返排率15%~25%

累计产气量(5 500~9 000)×104 m3

日产气量(2.5~3.5)×104 m3

阶段递减率15%~20%

返排率>25%

单井EUR (0.9~1.3)×108 m3

), ArticleFig(id=1322942033035403971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942022088270445, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同压力系数常压页岩气井分阶段生产指标统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
压力系数控压自喷阶段强化排液阶段降压排采阶段
0.9~1.0

纯液阶段时间10~15 d

日产气量(2.5~3.5)×104 m3

阶段递减率>35%

单位压降产气量(40~60)×104 m3/MPa

阶段返排率5%~30%,累计产气量(700~1 500)×104 m3

日产气量(1.5~3.0)×104 m3

阶段递减率12%~28%

阶段返排率40%~50%

累计产气量(1 300~3 000)×104 m3

日产气量(1.0~1.5)×104 m3

阶段递减率5%~10%

返排率>50%

单井EUR (0.35~0.50)×108 m3

1.0~1.1

纯液阶段时间1~10 d

日产气量(3~4)×104 m3

阶段递减率30%~35%

单位压降产气量(80~120)×104 m3/MPa

阶段返排率5%~25%,累计产气量(800~1 500)×104 m3

日产气量(2~3)×104 m3

阶段递减率15%~25%

阶段返排率30%~40%

累计产气量(2 700~4 000)×104 m3

日产气量(1.5~2.0)×104 m3

阶段递减率10%~13%

返排率>40%

单井EUR (0.5~0.7)×108 m3

1.1~1.2

纯液阶段时间<1 d

日产气量(4~10)×104 m3

阶段递减率25%~30%

单位压降产气量(120~150)×104 m3/MPa

阶段返排率2%~15%,累计产气量(1 500~2 500)×104 m3

日产气量(3~8)×104 m3

阶段递减率16%~23%

阶段返排率20%~30%

累计产气量(4 000~6 000)×104 m3

日产气量(2~3)×104 m3

阶段递减率12%~17%

返排率>30%

单井EUR (0.7~0.9)×108 m3

1.2~1.3

日产气量(6~10)×104 m3

阶段递减率20%~25%

单位压降产气量>180×104 m3/MPa

阶段返排率1%~10%,累计产气量(2 000~3 000)×104 m3

日产气量(3.5~8.0)×104 m3

阶段递减率16%~22%

阶段返排率15%~25%

累计产气量(5 500~9 000)×104 m3

日产气量(2.5~3.5)×104 m3

阶段递减率15%~20%

返排率>25%

单井EUR (0.9~1.3)×108 m3

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常压页岩气典型地质特征及生产规律研究——以渝东南武隆区块LY1HF井为例
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高玉巧(1978—),女,博士,研究员,从事非常规油气勘探开发方面的管理与研究。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210000。E-mail:

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高玉巧(1978—),女,博士,研究员,从事非常规油气勘探开发方面的管理与研究。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210000。E-mail:

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高玉巧1, 2 , 万静雅2, 卢比2, 高全芳1, 2, 李仕钊2
作者信息
  • 1 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京   100083
  • 2 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院,江苏   南京   210000
作者简介:

高玉巧(1978—),女,博士,研究员,从事非常规油气勘探开发方面的管理与研究。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210000。E-mail:

Study on typical geological characteristics and production patterns of normal-pressure shale gas: A case study of well LY1HF in Wulong block, southeastern Chongqing
YUQIAO GAO1, 2 , JINGYA WAN2, BI LU2, QUANFANG GAO1, 2, SHIZHAO LI2
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Sinopec East China Oil & Gas Company, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
出版时间: 2026-05-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025183
文章导航
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渝东南  /  武隆区块  /  五峰组—龙马溪组  /  常压页岩气  /  地质特征  /  生产规律
southeastern Chongqing  /  Wulong block  /  Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation  /  normal-pressure shale gas  /  geological characteristics  /  production patterns
高玉巧, 万静雅, 卢比, 高全芳, 李仕钊. 常压页岩气典型地质特征及生产规律研究——以渝东南武隆区块LY1HF井为例. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (3) : 616 -629 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025183
YUQIAO GAO, JINGYA WAN, BI LU, QUANFANG GAO, SHIZHAO LI. Study on typical geological characteristics and production patterns of normal-pressure shale gas: A case study of well LY1HF in Wulong block, southeastern Chongqing[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (3) : 616 -629 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025183
页岩气是中国重要的非常规天然气资源,根据中华人民共和国国家标准《天然气藏分类》(GB/T 26979—2011),按地层压力系数可分为常压型(0.9≤压力系数<1.3)与高压—超高压型(压力系数≥1.3)[1]。高压—超高压页岩气藏主要分布于四川盆地,包括涪陵、威远、威荣及长宁等区块[2]。近年来,通过深化基础研究与大量钻探实践,中国在四川盆地及周缘海相页岩气成藏条件、富集高产规律、产能影响因素及高效勘探开发技术等方面取得系统认识与重大突破,目前已实现商业化开发,累计提交探明地质储量超2×1012 m3,建成产能300×108 m3[3-6]。常压页岩气主要分布于盆缘及盆地外褶皱带,受多期构造运动影响,构造复杂,地质条件多变,保存条件较差,具有“页岩品质变差、地层压力系数低、应力差异系数大”等地质特征,面临单井产量低、经济效益差等挑战,目前仍处于技术攻关阶段[7-10]。前人将常压页岩气藏划分为优质页岩缺失/减薄型、早期逸散型、断裂破坏型和残留向斜型4类,其中残留向斜型因构造稳定、保存条件较好,最具勘探潜力。盆地外武隆向斜为典型常压页岩气藏,通过持续技术攻关已取得重要进展:明确了“沉积相供烃控储、构造运动控保定富、地应力场控缝控产”的富集模式[11-15];探索形成“二开制”井身结构、“低密度钻井液+少段多簇压裂”等配套技术[16-17];LY1HF井累计产气量超4 000×104 m3,创下中国盆地外常压页岩气井累计产气量最高纪录。
基于武隆地区最新生产成果,系统剖析常压页岩气藏地质特征与成藏主控因素,结合其典型生产动态特征,提出针对性开发对策,旨在为盆地外常压区页岩气效益开发提供理论依据与实践参考,助力中国页岩气向常压领域战略拓展。
晚奥陶世—志留纪,上扬子区发育克拉通、周缘前陆及前陆隆起坳陷等沉积环境。四川盆地及周缘经历缓慢海侵—海退旋回,发育深水、低能、缺氧环境下的富有机质黑色页岩[18-20]。渝东南上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组下部为深水陆棚相沉积,岩性主要为黑色泥岩、碳质页岩、硅质页岩,具有分布广、厚度大、有机质富集的特征,发育富碳、富硅、富笔石硅质页岩微相,为页岩气富集提供了有利物质基础。
武隆地区位于重庆市东南部,构造上隶属于四川盆地东南武陵褶皱带(图1)。其构造演化可划分为两个阶段:①加里东期,区域稳定沉降形成半封闭深水滞留盆地,为五峰组—龙马溪组黑色页岩沉积创造了有利沉积环境。②燕山期,受多期构造运动改造,早期在北西向挤压应力作用下,发育北东走向的白沙断裂、平安断裂及老厂坪背斜、武隆向斜,构成典型“隆凹相间”的构造格局;至中晚期,叠加南北向压扭走滑作用,形成胡家园断裂、茶园断裂等南北向断裂,将武隆向斜切割为团堡次凹和火炉次凹,塑造出“东西分块”的构造格局。其中,团堡次凹受茶园断裂与胡家园断裂夹持,内部断层不发育,埋深介于1 500~5 500 m,南翼发育“凹中隆”目标,已部署实施LY1HF井;火炉次凹受胡家园断裂与平安断裂夹持,埋深介于1 500~4 200 m,东部四级断层较发育,呈断块状分布,西部构造相对简单 。
页岩中常量元素、微量元素及稀土元素的组合特征可作为沉积微相识别的重要地球化学标志。岩心元素录井数据表明,五峰组—龙马溪组深水陆棚相沉积具有古生产力高、有机质富集、保存条件好的特征。Al/Ti值及P含量高指示研究区古生产力高;U/Th、V/Cr高值指示强还原环境,有利于有机质保存;Fe/Mn低值指示热液活动较弱,有利于烃类气体保存[21-23]。LY1井优质页岩段表现为高Al/Ti值、高P含量、高U/Th及V/Cr值、低Fe/Mn值的地球化学特征(图2),证实深水陆棚相具备优越的古生产力和保存条件,同时揭示了优质页岩形成的古环境背景,即古生产力高、水体强还原且热液活动弱的沉积环境,最有利于富有机质页岩的发育和保存。
武隆地区五峰组—龙马溪组一段(以下简称为龙一段)整体发育半深水—深水陆棚沉积环境,基于岩性组合、矿物组成、有机地球化学、古生物及测井响应等特征,可将LY1井该套地层细分为9种沉积微相,具体如下:①小层为富碳富硅富笔石放射虫硅质页岩相;②小层为富碳富硅富笔石极高伽马硅质页岩相;③小层为富碳富硅富笔石硅质页岩相;④小层为富碳富硅富笔石高伽马硅质页岩相;⑤小层为中碳中硅高含笔石硅质页岩相;⑥小层为低碳中硅中笔石页岩相;⑦小层为低碳中硅含笔石页岩相;⑧小层为低碳低硅含笔石页岩相;⑨小层为低碳低硅低笔石泥岩相。沉积微相控制优质页岩空间展布,不同沉积微相对应的页岩地质参数存在一定差异性。从盆地内(焦石坝高压—超高压区)向盆地外(武隆—彭水常压区),志留系沉积速率呈增大趋势,五峰组—龙一段地层厚度由60~80 m增厚至95~105 m;但优质页岩厚度呈减薄趋势,其中焦石坝地区大于35 m,武隆地区为24~32 m。有机地球化学与矿物学特征方面,焦石坝高压—超高压区总有机碳(TOC)含量一般介于3%~4%,石英含量介于40%~50%,黏土矿物含量介于30%~40%;武隆常压区TOC含量一般小于3.3%,石英含量介于40%~50%,黏土矿物含量小于30%(图3)。此外,①小层顶部普遍发育一套观音桥段灰黑色介壳泥质灰岩,厚度介于0.14~0.30 m,可作为区域标志层。总体而言,盆地外武隆常压区页岩静态地质指标略差于盆地内高压区,但仍具备良好的页岩气成藏物质基础。
氩离子抛光-扫描电镜分析结果表明,五峰组—龙一段页岩储层空间类型主要为微裂缝、有机孔及无机孔。纵向对比显示,LY1井优质页岩段有机孔发育程度具有垂向分异性,下部有机孔发育程度及连通性均优于上部;区域对比显示,武隆与焦石坝地区有机孔均较发育,但孔径大小存在明显差异,武隆地区有机孔孔径主要介于2~50 nm,焦石坝地区主要介于10~200 nm(图4a、图4b)。武隆地区脉冲孔隙度介于4.60%~5.50%(平均为4.95%),渗透率为0.034×10-3μm2(图4c),与焦石坝地区相当。岩心观察与微电阻率扫描成像测井(FMI)结果表明,LY1井裂缝较发育,构造缝密度为3.0条/m,层理缝密度为54层/m。相较于盆地内焦石坝地区,盆地外武隆地区经历了更早、更持久且幅度更大的构造抬升作用,应力得以释放,流体压力降低,该构造背景促进了构造缝的广泛发育及层理缝的高开启度。自武隆地区向西北至盆地内焦石坝地区,构造改造强度逐渐减弱,表现出递进变形特征,导致裂缝发育程度及规模均相应减小。
武隆地区受构造抬升、挤压走滑等破坏性构造作用影响,页岩气保存条件相对较差,导致游离气发生部分散失,总含气量低于盆地内焦石坝地区。地层压力系数与含气量呈正相关,压力系数增大时,总含气量及游离气占比均相应升高(图4d)。其中,焦石坝地区地层压力系数为1.5,含气量介于5~8 m3/t,游离气占比达60%~75%;武隆地区地层压力系数介于1.0~1.2,含气量介于3.80~4.15 m3/t,游离气占比40%~60%。
等温吸附实验结果表明,LY1井优质页岩段吸附气量介于3.14~4.79 m3/t(平均为3.63 m3/t),与JY1井优质页岩段吸附气量(3.04~3.66 m3/t,平均为3.35 m3/t)相当,证实二者均具备较强的气体吸附能力。通过岩心现场解吸速率对比分析,LY1井解吸速率较JY1井慢,表明焦石坝JY1井游离气含量较高,生产过程中游离气优先产出;而武隆LY1井因保存条件相对较差,页岩气以吸附态赋存为主,导致解吸速率减缓。埋藏史模拟结果显示,武隆地区页岩气约从90 Ma开始发生逸散,逸散持续时间长于盆地内焦石坝地区(85 Ma),导致武隆地区游离气大量散失,吸附气占比升高至45%~80%。
武隆地区LY1井五峰组—龙一段优质页岩的主要矿物成分为石英、黏土矿物、长石、碳酸盐岩及黄铁矿。其中,石英含量达59.8%,黏土矿物含量为21.2%,石英含量显著高于焦石坝地区同层位的44.4%,该差异可能与物源供给、沉积环境及水体深度相关。石英含量高可增强岩石脆性,有利于压裂过程中裂缝的起裂与支撑。武隆区块页岩杨氏模量较高(平均为47 GPa)、泊松比较低(平均为0.25),且受构造抬升作用影响发生应力释放,地应力较低(最大水平主应力55~80 MPa),破裂压力50~75 MPa,压裂窗口较宽;但水平两向应力差值(15~20 MPa)及水平应力差异系数(0.23~0.26)较高,增加了复杂缝网的形成难度(表1)。现场压裂实践表明,该区块压裂施工压力较低、加砂过程顺利,但压裂裂缝以剪切缝为主,储层改造体积有限,需优化压裂工艺(如多级暂堵、密切割等)以提高缝网复杂度。
武隆地区处于深水陆棚相沉积,富有机质页岩厚度较大、有机质丰度较高、热演化程度适中,生烃强度为(20~30)×108 m3/km2,为页岩气富集提供了充足烃源条件。研究表明,该地区页岩气富集高产主控因素主要为保存条件、地应力场及缝网复杂程度。
常压页岩气富集程度主要受控于保存条件,而保存条件主要受构造改造强度、距开启性断层及剥蚀区的距离、埋深等因素控制。其中,构造改造弱、距断裂带及剥蚀区较远、埋深较大的区域,保存条件好,对应的地层压力系数及含气量也更高。焦石坝地区构造稳定,抬升剥蚀作用较弱,目的层未出露地表,页岩气逸散时间短,保存条件优越,地层压力系数为1.55,含气量介于5~7 m3/t;武隆地区受多期构造运动改造,抬升剥蚀作用强烈,目的层局部出露地表,页岩气逸散时间较长,保存条件相对较差,地层压力系数介于1.00~1.15,含气量介于4~5 m3/t。武隆向斜LY2井虽地层倾角较陡(约20°),但因远离剥蚀区(>1.5 km)且内部断层不发育,保存条件较好,测试日产气量为9.2×104 m3。老厂坪背斜PD1井页岩埋深为979 m,地层压力系数为0.99,排液后自喷日产气量为(4.0~4.5)×104 m3,实现盆地外浅层常压页岩气勘探重大突破(图5)。勘探实践证实,保存条件是决定常压页岩气富集的前提,即便在具备良好封闭性的向斜或浅埋区域,仍可形成页岩气藏。
武隆地区受多期构造运动叠加影响,不同区域、不同构造部位的构造应力场特征存在显著差异,进而形成了不同的褶皱形态、断裂体系及天然裂缝发育特征。古地应力场对天然裂缝发育起决定性控制作用。在持续构造应力作用下,岩石内部产生微裂缝和节理,随着应力不断积累,微裂缝逐步扩展、连通,最终形成天然裂缝系统。天然裂缝既是页岩气重要的储集空间,又可为气体运移提供优势通道。同时,现今地应力场对压裂改造效果至关重要:水平应力大小及差异系数影响压裂裂缝扩展方向,当地应力较小且两向差异系数较低时,有利于形成多向扩展的复杂缝网,进而提高储层改造体积;应力方位则影响裂缝的延展范围和发育规模,当水平井方位与最小水平主应力方向夹角小于30°时,压裂裂缝可突破单一延伸模式,利于多向扩展并促进复杂缝网发育,大幅提升压裂改造效果[24-26]。勘探实践证实,优化水平井方位可使单井产能提升30%以上。南川区块SY1HF井方位与最小水平主应力方位夹角为57°,压后评价未形成有效复杂缝网;将应力夹角优化至30°后,在同平台实施的SY1-8HF井,复杂缝网占比达67%,目前累计产气量为3 351×104 m3。
天然裂缝作为页岩气关键的储集空间和渗流通道,其发育程度对页岩气富集与保存具有双重效应:从积极方面而言,发育良好的裂缝系统可显著改善储层物性,增强孔隙连通性及渗流能力;然而,其能否有效提升单井产能,根本上取决于区域保存条件的优劣[27-29]。在保存条件欠佳的区域,尤其是大型断裂带周缘,天然裂缝易与主断裂沟通连通,这种连通性会进一步破坏页岩气保存条件,加速气体逸散,最终导致含气量与单井产量大幅降低。实践证实,断裂带周边钻井普遍呈低产特征。在保存条件较好的区域(如盆地内高压区),天然裂缝发育程度与单井产能呈正相关。LY1HF井位于构造高曲率区,天然裂缝较发育,测试产气量为4.6×104 m3/d;同平台LY1-4HF井位于构造低曲率区,天然裂缝欠发育,测试产气量仅2.4×104 m3/d。因此,天然裂缝对产能的影响需结合区域保存条件综合评价。
人工缝网复杂程度受多因素综合影响,主要包括储层脆性、地应力场、天然裂缝等地质条件,以及压裂施工参数等工程条件[30-34]。通过优化压裂施工参数与储层改造技术,可增加人工缝网复杂度,进而提高单井产量。LY1-3HF井与LY5-1HF井相距1.3 km,地质条件相近。通过优化压裂方案,实施提排量、增规模、多级支撑“三优化”措施,将施工排量由16 m3/min提升至20 m3/min、加砂强度由1.6 m3/m提升至2.8 m3/m,小粒径支撑剂占比由26%提升至68%,单井日产气量由2.4×104 m3提升至5.7×104 m3。该增产效果充分证实,人工缝网改造是提升页岩气单井产能的关键手段。
与盆地内高压页岩气相比,常压页岩气具有地层能量弱、孔径小、吸附气占比高的特征,渗流机理更为复杂。常压页岩气地层孔隙压力较低,吸附气含量较高,最高可达80%以上,吸附气的解吸-扩散机制对渗流过程影响大,且对气井生产中后期产量贡献较大。由于常压页岩气基质孔隙及孔径更小,其中小于10 nm的孔隙占比达50%~70%,努森数(Kn)高达0.8,是高压页岩气的10倍以上,气体运移过程中的微尺度效应更为显著。同时,受常压页岩气孔径小、毛细管力大的特征影响,压裂液难以侵入纳米级孔隙,主要赋存于裂缝及裂缝周围的盲端基质孔隙内,导致气液两相渗流长期存在。因此,常压页岩气井生产往往表现出“排水期长、返排率高、气液比低、低压稳产能力强、产量递减平缓”的典型特征。
武隆地区LY1HF井为中国第一口常压页岩气井,平均埋深3 225 m,水平段长1 328 m,井眼轨迹穿行于龙马溪组②至③小层,靶窗钻遇率达100%。该井压裂采用中段少簇+小规模段塞加砂工艺,共分17段压裂,单段长度78 m,单段射孔2~4簇,最大施工排量16.5 m3/min,压裂总液量34 139 m3,总砂量1 192 m3,最高砂比15%,平均注液强度25.7 m3/m,平均加砂强度0.90 m3/m。LY1HF井于2015年11月投产,截至目前已累计生产8.5 a,当前套压1.6 MPa,油压0.6 MPa,日产气量维持在0.7×104 m3水平,累计产气量超4 000 ×104 m3,单井评估可采储量(EUR)为0.53×108 m3,证实了常压页岩气较好的勘探开发潜力。受常压页岩气压力系数低、低孔隙度、低渗透率的地质特征影响,气井生产过程中易积液进而造成水淹,气井生产特征受生产方式影响大。经过多年勘探开发实践探索,LY1HF井生产经历3个阶段:前期控压自喷、中期强化排液、后期人工举升(图6)。
生产初期的控压自喷阶段,综合考虑地层应力敏感性及出砂等潜在风险因素,通常采用小油嘴控制生产。在气井生产稳定且无出砂、少出砂的前提下,可适当由小至大更换油嘴开展试气试采评价,进而求取气井产能参数。
LY1HF井控压自喷前期,分别采用2.0、3.6、4.0、4.8、6.0、8.0 mm规格油嘴开展试采评价,初期套压12.2 MPa,日产气量4.3×104 m3,计算无阻流量13.9×104 m3,日产液量104 m3,产液量较大。随着压裂液从地层快速返排至井筒,井筒内流体由纯液相转变为气液混相,进入气液两相流阶段。LY1HF井见气时返排率为4.1%,随着气相占比升高、液相占比降低,井口产气量快速上升至峰值,气液比持续升高,升至5 000~6 000 m3/m3后基本保持稳定。LY1HF井控压自喷阶段持续时长6个月,套压由12.2 MPa降至7.3 MPa,平均日降套压0.03 MPa;日产气量由4.3×104 m3逐渐递减至3.9×104 m3,产能递减率为9.4%;日产液量由104 m3降至10 m3,阶段产气量606×104 m3。鉴于常压页岩气地层能量弱,该阶段后期气井也逐渐面临积液风险。
生产中期强化排液阶段,LY1HF井主要通过优化生产管柱、泡沫排采等技术措施,减少井筒积液,延长气井自喷时间,保障气井稳定生产。
基于临界携液流量计算结果,LY1HF井优选下入ϕ2"油管,下入深度位于水平段A靶点之上111 m。转用油管生产后,套压8.6 MPa,油压3.7 MPa,油套压差较大,环空内存在一定量积液;日产气量为(3.9~4.1)×104 m3,与套管生产阶段产能相当,未表现出明显提产效果;但日产液量由15 m3提升至25 m3,呈现一定提液效果。考虑到LY1HF井水平段靶点高差达546 m,差值较大,为进一步提高排液效果,将生产管柱加深至水平段中部(位于A靶点之下737 m),日产液量由4 m3提升至12 m3,日产气量由2.2×104 m3提升至2.4×104 m3,单位压降产气量由80.7×104 m3提升至127.0×104 m3,气井携液能力及产气能力均得到显著提升。随着气井携液能力逐渐减弱,通过投注泡排棒、加注泡排药剂等方式降低返排液密度,强化排液效果,泡排措施实施后产气量由1.0×104 m3提升至1.3×104 m3,产液量上升30%~50%。
LY1HF井中期强化排液阶段稳定生产55个月,套压由8.6 MPa降至2.4 MPa,油压由3.7 MPa降至0.4 MPa,油套压差由4.9 MPa降至2.0 MPa,环空积液量减少;日产气量由(3.9~4.1)×104 m3递减至(1.0~1.1)×104 m3,第1年产能递减率30.3%,第2年21.1%,递减率呈逐年降低趋势;阶段产气量3 118×104 m3,返排率29.3%,单井EUR 0.53×108 m3。后期受到邻井压裂施工严重干扰,LY1HF井发生暴性水淹,无法实现复产。
借鉴煤层气排水采气经验,针对埋深3 000~3 500 m的中深层LY1井,开展抽油机深抽复合工艺攻关试验。通过加长尾管至水平段中部或底部,有效解决水平段积液难以产出的技术难题;通过在管柱末端设置防漏失单流阀,保证防气泵以下管柱始终充满液体,防止泵下油管因充满气体产生“气锁”,进而提高排采效率。LY1HF井受同平台邻井压裂施工干扰后,采用放喷、气举、冲砂等多项措施均无法恢复正常生产。在现场试验抽油机深抽工艺后,复产效果较好,产气量由非连续生产的(0.1~0.2)×104 m3/d提升至连续生产的0.8×104 m3/d,平均产液量2.7 m3/d,日均运行时间22.5 h,生产时率提升到93.8%;连续生产14个月后,产气量基本稳定在(0.7~0.8)×104 m3/d水平。该实践证实,抽油机深抽工艺对低压、水平段积液型页岩气井具有较好的适应性。
近年来,页岩气解吸气产出规律的研究聚焦于多因素耦合作用下的动态机制与调控策略。研究表明,解吸过程受储层压力、孔隙结构及同位素分馏效应的显著控制。中国石化华东油气田针对页岩气解吸规律开展了大量室内实验,初步探索了解吸气对产能的贡献,并初步明确了静态参数对页岩吸附-解吸能力的影响。
稳定碳同位素是天然气成因类型鉴别、气源对比及成熟度判识的重要参数之一。已有研究表明,天然气中的甲烷在地层或油气藏中发生长距离运移时存在碳同位素分馏现象,而乙烷以上重烃组分的碳同位素则几乎不发生分馏[35-39]。页岩气藏作为一类超致密气藏,在未开发状态下基本不会发生气体大规模运移,只有在开发过程中地层泄压时,天然气在浓度差和内部压力的驱动下发生解吸、扩散和渗流,进而产生明显的甲烷碳同位素分馏效应。
LY1井不同解吸阶段采集的气体样品碳同位素呈现明显分馏特征,δ¹³C₁值从初始值-32.40‰逐步升至-21.74‰,推算出岩心在井底初始释放时的δ¹³C₁值为-34.60‰,其从游离气至吸附气的全生命周期内,碳同位素变化区间为-34.60‰~-21.74‰。LY1井自2015年投产以来,累计产气量超4 000×104m3,气体δ¹³C₁值从-31.1‰逐步升至-26.7‰,变化趋势与解吸气碳同位素图版相吻合。该井当前δ13C1值为-26.7‰,对应解吸进程的65%,已进入吸附气主导解吸阶段(图7)。
近年来,国内外众多学者针对页岩吸附-解吸特征开展了大量分析研究,页岩的吸附能力是有机质含量、干酪根类型、孔隙结构、矿物组成及温度等多种因素共同作用的结果,而解吸规律对研究页岩气井生产特征及排采方式至关重要[40-43]。
对LY1井②至⑤小层分别取样,采用体积法开展等温吸附实验。基于相近埋深条件下不同小层的等温吸附曲线,可获取页岩吸附参数,其中兰氏体积为4.37~5.57 m3/t,兰氏压力为2.78~3.34 MPa。LY1井不同小层条件下的页岩吸附特征符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,等温吸附曲线呈“┌”型特征,由于不同小层TOC含量存在差异,导致页岩吸附能力有所不同。LY1井⑤至②小层TOC含量随埋深增加呈逐渐增加趋势,⑤小层平均TOC含量为1.6%,④小层平均TOC含量为4.2%,③小层平均TOC含量为4.7%,②小层平均TOC含量为5.7%;且随着TOC含量增加,相同压力条件下页岩气吸附量随之增大。在解吸过程中,当压力从15.0 MPa降至4.0 MPa时,②至⑤小层单位压降的吸附气含量变化相近;当压力小于4.0 MPa时,随着压力降低,不同小层TOC含量越高,单位压降的吸附气含量变化越大,可释放的解吸气量也越多。
华东工区内不同区块地层压力系数差异大,从盆缘平桥南区压力系数1.30~1.32,到东胜—阳春沟区块降至1.15~1.30;从盆地外武隆地区1.00~1.15,到彭水地区降至0.9~1.0。梳理工区内20余口不同压力系数的典型井生产数据,发现其生产历程均呈现控压自喷、强化排液及降压排采3个阶段(图8)。根据不同生产阶段的流态特征,建立了差异化生产管理对策。
1) 控压自喷阶段:以控压为核心,延长气井自喷周期。当气井初期地层压力高于20 MPa时,主要采用“井下+地面”双油嘴控制生产压差,一方面有利于地层保压,另一方面可简化地面流程;当气井初期压力介于10~20 MPa时,应结合井筒气液流态及时优化管柱,延长自喷周期。与高压气藏相比,常压页岩气基质孔隙小、裂缝复杂程度低,气井初期产液量大、返排率高,阶段产量占比20%~30%;地层压力系数越高,产气量及稳产期越高,递减率及返排率越低。通常,压力系数>1.1的气井,初期日产气量(4~10)×104 m3,累计产气量(1 500~3 000)×104 m3,返排率2%~15%,稳产期250~450 d。
2) 强化排液阶段:以稳产为核心,控制气井产能递减率。此阶段应结合气井携液能力强化配产管理,并结合井型、矿化度、温度等因素,配套适宜的泡排工艺,提升自能排液效果,保障生产时率,降低气井递减幅度。由于常压气藏地层能量较弱,此阶段气井日产气量中等、气液比低,阶段产量占比30%~40%;地层压力系数越高,产气量及单位压降产气量越高。通常压力系数>1.1的气井,日产气量(3~8)×104 m3,累计产气量(4 000~9 000)×104 m3,返排率15%~30%,产能递减率16%~23%。
3) 降压排采阶段:以降压解吸为核心,提升单井EUR。基于页岩气吸附-解吸规律认识,可通过地面/井下增压、无杆泵+机抽等人工举升工艺,降低气藏废弃压力,同时配套页岩气注CO2吞吐或重复压裂等技术,对气藏进行补能、置换,充分释放吸附气。该阶段气井生产压力持续降低,吸附气逐步释放,气井递减幅度持续减缓,具备较强的低压稳产能力;随着压力系数升高,累计产气量及单井EUR增加。通常压力系数>1.1的气井,日产气量(2.0~3.5)×104 m3,返排率>25%,单井EUR (0.7~1.3)×108 m3(表2)。
综上所述,常压页岩气资源量丰富,产能已有效落实,具备广阔的勘探开发前景,而高效排水降压技术是实现常压页岩气产能有效释放与长期稳产的关键。
针对武隆常压页岩气“低孔低渗、吸附气占比高、保存条件较好”的地质特征及“分阶段排采、产能释放慢、储量动用难”的生产规律,下一步攻关重点聚焦以下方向:
1) 深化成藏机理与甜点评价。深化常压页岩气“生-排-滞-聚”动态成藏过程研究,建立“保存条件-地应力场-缝网改造”三元耦合控藏模式,完善甜点分级分类评价方法,建立多尺度裂缝系统定量表征技术,揭示复杂构造背景下常压页岩气“源-储-保”协同演化机制。
2) 创新差异化开发技术政策体系。构建“立体井网部署-差异化压裂改造-智能排采”协同开发模式,开展多尺度缝网耦合数值模拟研究,开发基于地质建模与数值模拟的水平段设计优化算法,形成差异化开发技术政策,提升储层改造体积与单井产能。
3) 突破低成本工程工艺技术瓶颈。研发“二级井身结构+激进施工参数”优快钻完井技术,集成“多簇密切割+双暂堵+高强度加砂+CO2增能”高效压裂工艺,创建地质建模-工程决策-效果评估全生命周期大数据平台,降低页岩气开发成本。
通过构建“机理研究-技术创新-工艺突破”协同攻关体系,有望突破武隆常压页岩气储层品质差、改造难度大、开发成本高的瓶颈,形成复杂构造区常压页岩气效益开发技术系列,实现资源充分动用、开发效果最优、经济效益最大化。
1) 盆地外武隆常压区五峰组—龙马溪组为深水陆棚相沉积,静态地质指标略差于盆地内高压区,但仍具备页岩气成藏物质基础;受构造抬升、挤压走滑等破坏性构造作用影响,储层保存条件相对较差,导致游离气部分逸散,页岩气以吸附态赋存为主,总含气量低于盆地内高压区,且吸附气解吸速率较慢。
2) 武隆常压页岩气的富集高产主要受控于保存条件、地应力场及缝网复杂程度。其中,保存条件是常压页岩气富集的前提,地应力场是常压页岩气高产的核心,缝网复杂程度则是决定常压页岩气单井产量差异的关键。
3) 常压页岩气井生产经历控压自喷、强化排液、降压排采3个阶段,生产过程中呈现“排水期长、返排率高、气液比低、低压稳产能力强、产量递减平缓”的典型特征。高效排水降压技术是实现常压页岩气产能有效释放与长期稳产的关键。

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2026年第16卷第3期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025183
  • 接收时间:2025-08-26
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-05-26
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    1 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京   100083
    2 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院,江苏   南京   210000
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
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