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Article(id=1322942112282575088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322942002035295141, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025058, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740499200000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-26, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343578643, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1790352000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343578643, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343578643, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343578643, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322942002035295141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='5', pageStart='949', pageEnd='1136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1790352000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343552359, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344212649, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944771945267389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322942002035295141, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944771945267390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322942002035295141, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1005, endPage=1017, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322942112756531442, articleId=1322942112282575088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Research on multi-scale pore-fracture structural characteristics of deep coal rock: a case study of Shenmu-Jiaxian block in the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, columnId=1322941494130258079, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Exploration, runingTitle=null, highlight=

To clarify the multi-scale pore-fracture structural characteristics and main controlling factors of coal-rock reservoirs in the Shenmu-Jiaxian block on the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin, multiple experiments were conducted, including CT (computed tomography) scanning, scanning electron microscopy, high-pressure mercury injection, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, and low-temperature carbon dioxide adsorption. A multi-scale full-pore-size distribution chart of coal rocks in the study area was established using the stitching method of all pore diameters, and the reasons for the differences in gas content and pore development between the Shenmu and Jiaxian blocks were explored. The results showed that (1) In terms of multi-scale pore-fracture characteristics, the study area as a whole developed cleavage fractures and millimeter-scale fractures parallel or vertical to bedding. The average total fissure ratio of the Shenmu and Jiaxian blocks were 7.01% and 6.06%, respectively. The average total fissure ratio in the Shenmu block was slightly higher, yet over 90% of the fractures were filled with high-density minerals. The storage space types of coal seams in the Shenmu block were mainly tissue pores, with rare gas pores and intercrystalline pores of clay minerals, and pore diameters ranging from several micrometers to tens of micrometers. The storage space types of coal seams in the Jiaxian block were mainly tissue pores and gas pores, with visible intercrystalline fractures of clay minerals in some areas. Pore diameters ranged from several nanometers to tens of micrometers, and microscale fractures developed. (2) In terms of full-pore-size distribution characteristics, the proportion of micropores in both blocks was above 99%, indicating that coal rock in the study area had a strong adsorption capacity. The coal seam reservoir space in the Shenmu block was mainly composed of macropores, with an average proportion of 74.72% for macropores, 23.28% for micropores, and an average specific surface area of 41.24 m2/g for micropores. The coal seam storage space in the Jiaxian block was mainly composed of macropores and micropores, with macropores accounting for an average of 64.00%, micropores accounting for an average of 34.85%, and micropores having an average specific surface area of 102.73 m2/g. The adsorption capacity of the Jiaxian block was better than that of the Shenmu block. (3) In terms of factors affecting gas occurrence patterns, the differences in maceral content and ash content between the two blocks resulted in different types of pore and fracture development. Specifically, coal rocks in the Jiaxian block had a higher degree of thermal evolution, higher vitrinite content, more developed pores, and a larger specific surface area of micropores with pore widths below 2 nm, indicating stronger adsorption and hydrocarbon generation capability. Both the roof and floor were composed of low-permeability lithologies with high compressive strength and high elastic deformation capabilities, providing favorable sealing conditions that are conducive to the preservation of coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs. The research provides a theoretical basis for efficient exploration and development of deep CBM in the study area.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=JINGXU YANG, CHENGLIN YU, BOMING ZHANG, HAIDONG LI, YANZE LI, JIAXING LIU, CHUNYANG ZHAO, authorsList=JINGXU YANG, CHENGLIN YU, BOMING ZHANG, HAIDONG LI, YANZE LI, JIAXING LIU, CHUNYANG ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322942131165331733, articleId=1322942112282575088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=深层煤岩多尺度孔缝结构特征研究——以鄂东缘神木—佳县区块为例, columnId=1322941494327390371, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气勘探, runingTitle=null, highlight=

为明确鄂尔多斯盆地东缘神木—佳县区块煤岩储层多尺度孔缝结构特征及主控因素，结合CT（计算机断层成像）扫描、扫描电镜、高压压汞、低温N2吸附、低温CO2吸附等多项实验，利用全部孔隙直径（以下简称全孔径）的拼接方法，建立研究区煤岩多尺度全孔径发育图版，探究造成神木、佳县2个区块含气性及孔隙发育差异的原因。结果表明：①多尺度孔缝类型特征方面，研究区整体具有割理裂缝发育、毫米级裂缝平行或垂直层理发育，神木、佳县平均总裂缝率分别为7.01%和6.06%，神木区块平均总裂缝率略高，但90%以上的裂缝均被高密度矿物充填。神木区块煤层储集空间类型以组织孔为主，少见气孔、黏土矿物晶间孔，孔隙直径（以下简称孔径）在几微米到几十微米不等；佳县区块煤层储集空间类型以组织孔和气孔为主，局部可见黏土矿物晶间孔缝，孔径分布在几纳米至几十微米，微米级裂缝发育。②全孔径分布特征方面，2个区块微孔占比均在99%以上，表明研究区煤岩吸附能力强，神木区块煤层储集空间以大孔为主，大孔平均占比74.72%，微孔平均占比23.28%，微孔比表面积平均41.24 m2/g；佳县区块煤层储集空间以大孔和微孔为主，大孔平均占比64.00%，微孔平均占比34.85%，微孔比表面积平均102.73 m2/g，佳县区块吸附性优于神木区块。③气体赋存模式影响因素分析方面，2个区块显微组分含量及灰分含量等因素的差异导致孔缝发育类型不同，主要体现在佳县区块煤岩的热演化程度高，镜质组含量更高，气孔更为发育，孔隙宽度在2 nm以下的微孔比表面积更高，具有更强的吸附性及生烃能力，且顶底板均为渗透性弱的岩性，抗压能力强，弹性形变能力高，具备很好的封盖条件，更有利于煤层气藏的保存。研究为后续研究区深部煤层气高效勘探开发提供一定的理论依据。

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杨竞旭（1981—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事油气田开发方向研究。地址：河北省唐山市路北区51号甲区冀东油田公司，邮政编码：063004。E-mail：

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杨竞旭（1981—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事油气田开发方向研究。地址：河北省唐山市路北区51号甲区冀东油田公司，邮政编码：063004。E-mail：

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

杨竞旭（1981—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事油气田开发方向研究。地址：河北省唐山市路北区51号甲区冀东油田公司，邮政编码：063004。E-mail：

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Journal of China Coal Society, 2009, 34(6): 756-760., articleTitle=Mechanics characteristics of coal and its roof and floor rock and the effects of hydraulic fracturing on coal reservoir, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322942135384801559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942135745511704, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, companyId=1322942135384801559, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=PetroChina Jidong Oilfield Company, Tangshan, Hebei 063004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942135787454745, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, companyId=1322942135384801559, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=中国石油冀东油田公司，河北　 　唐山　063004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322942166460399955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Development characteristics of millimeter-scale fractures, figureFileSmall=tkWpatN4F33BaBp4NJ293A==, figureFileBig=DRYAP1Nql3+wKzK9jXLvoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942167206986068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=图1, caption=毫米级裂缝发育特征, figureFileSmall=tkWpatN4F33BaBp4NJ293A==, figureFileBig=DRYAP1Nql3+wKzK9jXLvoQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942169375441238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Development characteristics of microscale fractures, figureFileSmall=WHd57FhhAnbMfFRlj/RxQQ==, figureFileBig=tsUlzsn6t5vaNLLODy6BAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942170193330519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=图2, caption=微米级裂缝发育特征, figureFileSmall=WHd57FhhAnbMfFRlj/RxQQ==, figureFileBig=tsUlzsn6t5vaNLLODy6BAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942170625343832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Development characteristics of nano- to micro-scale fractures, figureFileSmall=uLu3ZdPgoMPd4v0d/kXhYg==, figureFileBig=HXH+r2esYBL/eDWC7JtA5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942171460010329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=图3, caption=纳米-微米级裂缝发育特征

注：a为SM101井，2 257.82 m，扫描电镜，组织孔，部分被黏土矿物充填；b为SM101井，2 260.35 m，扫描电镜，孔隙中充填的高岭石黏土；c为SM101井，2 270.72 m，扫描电镜，微裂缝，伊利石等黏土矿物；d为JN201井，2 476.33 m，扫描电镜，胞腔孔及部分孔隙中充填的高岭石；e为JN201井，2 478.65 m，扫描电镜，被高岭石黏土充填的组织孔、微裂缝；f为JN201井，2 480.57 m，扫描电镜，未被充填的组织孔及气孔。

, figureFileSmall=uLu3ZdPgoMPd4v0d/kXhYg==, figureFileBig=HXH+r2esYBL/eDWC7JtA5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942173557162330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Pore size distribution characteristics obtained from micro-CT scanning, figureFileSmall=1GVO+lEf3KUzxJaEczr2GQ==, figureFileBig=vg4TqnaKXQZpnV5OB/KYqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942174018535771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=图4, caption=微米CT扫描孔径分布特征, figureFileSmall=1GVO+lEf3KUzxJaEczr2GQ==, figureFileBig=vg4TqnaKXQZpnV5OB/KYqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942175184552284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Permeability contribution and pore-throat radius distribution frequency under different pore-throat radii, figureFileSmall=OtsWKNoyyr8gZRhWN//YrA==, figureFileBig=DXUTwuhl+zJBagSvfUc/vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942176442843485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同孔喉半径下渗透率贡献与孔喉半径分布频率情况, figureFileSmall=OtsWKNoyyr8gZRhWN//YrA==, figureFileBig=DXUTwuhl+zJBagSvfUc/vw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942178183479647, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Capillary pressure curves, figureFileSmall=kAfcCefKhVYtCbOlRPMUJg==, figureFileBig=g0GF3j/EYhMJ48mrNJYDvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942178967814496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=图6, caption=毛细管压力曲线, figureFileSmall=kAfcCefKhVYtCbOlRPMUJg==, figureFileBig=g0GF3j/EYhMJ48mrNJYDvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942180221911393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=N2 and CO2 adsorption and pore size distribution characteristics, figureFileSmall=swsDGpVTwEWy2wpMrlauGA==, figureFileBig=SqtITRLc7PfTVRrYEJv4Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942180700062050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=图7, caption=N2、CO2吸附及孔径分布特征, figureFileSmall=swsDGpVTwEWy2wpMrlauGA==, figureFileBig=SqtITRLc7PfTVRrYEJv4Ug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942182801408356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectrum distribution, figureFileSmall=vrkW12AEaL9S5se0y7RoBg==, figureFileBig=1YG1soT9uDgAJtJIyZ9DyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942183195672933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=图8, caption=核磁共振T2谱分布, figureFileSmall=vrkW12AEaL9S5se0y7RoBg==, figureFileBig=1YG1soT9uDgAJtJIyZ9DyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942183980007782, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Distribution characteristics of of full-range pore volume and specific surface area, figureFileSmall=4H8cqFnN4cdQuBDpQ+ExBQ==, figureFileBig=y8WS5RUsqfSGmjW+K+syAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942184076476775, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=图9, caption=全孔径孔容和全孔径比表面积分布特征, figureFileSmall=4H8cqFnN4cdQuBDpQ+ExBQ==, figureFileBig=y8WS5RUsqfSGmjW+K+syAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942184831451496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Porosity and permeability damage rate curves under overburden pressure, figureFileSmall=PtbQeCqdPIArXBsUEud88A==, figureFileBig=Ghi1X/PKid6/OwQIMBl5EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942185754198377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=图10, caption=覆压孔隙度和渗透率损害率曲线, figureFileSmall=PtbQeCqdPIArXBsUEud88A==, figureFileBig=Ghi1X/PKid6/OwQIMBl5EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942187406754154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Porosity and permeability variation curves under overburden pressure, figureFileSmall=vRV0HfT7KU4iFdpLHZsgYA==, figureFileBig=mjt8HrnibDj8nB4jRX5VKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942188300140907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=图11, caption=覆压孔隙度和渗透率变化曲线, figureFileSmall=vRV0HfT7KU4iFdpLHZsgYA==, figureFileBig=mjt8HrnibDj8nB4jRX5VKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942189898170732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=CH4 isothermal adsorption characteristic curve, figureFileSmall=441D+7TlajAFRU6EnO0FZw==, figureFileBig=Egd/zCcZmU49xy+T6RWvtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942191601058158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=图12, caption=CH4等温吸附特征曲线, figureFileSmall=441D+7TlajAFRU6EnO0FZw==, figureFileBig=Egd/zCcZmU49xy+T6RWvtg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942192414753136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Histograms of mineral and clay mineral types and contents, figureFileSmall=rRXoZLxnqouuGFnaBx9bDg==, figureFileBig=ZlNzfWibHkGzl6N7BGcCug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942193215865202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=图13, caption=矿物、黏土矿物类型及含量直方图, figureFileSmall=rRXoZLxnqouuGFnaBx9bDg==, figureFileBig=ZlNzfWibHkGzl6N7BGcCug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942193689821555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Full-diameter CT scan fracture data, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块平均总裂缝率/%最大裂缝率/%平均有效裂缝率/%最大有效裂缝率/%平均裂缝密度/（条/m）
神木7.0132.341.7613.0244.85
佳县6.0669.111.0130.3754.41
), ArticleFig(id=1322942194067308916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

全直径CT扫描裂缝数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块平均总裂缝率/%最大裂缝率/%平均有效裂缝率/%最大有效裂缝率/%平均裂缝密度/（条/m）
神木7.0132.341.7613.0244.85
佳县6.0669.111.0130.3754.41
), ArticleFig(id=1322942194520293750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Micro-CT scanning pore-throat structural parameters, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块孔隙度/%有效孔隙度/%孔隙半径/μm喉道半径/μm配位数微裂缝孔隙度/%
神木4.660.362.221.50.210.12
3.781.382.171.660.230.55
2.250.472.671.620.670.08
3.850.212.621.790.480
5.421.772.601.830.440.73
神木平均值3.990.842.461.680.410.30
佳县6.300.422.301.370.220.12
5.551.472.342.370.461.30
5.440.852.211.420.220.31
佳县平均值5.760.912.281.720.300.58
), ArticleFig(id=1322942196189626746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

微米CT扫描孔喉结构参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块孔隙度/%有效孔隙度/%孔隙半径/μm喉道半径/μm配位数微裂缝孔隙度/%
神木4.660.362.221.50.210.12
3.781.382.171.660.230.55
2.250.472.671.620.670.08
3.850.212.621.790.480
5.421.772.601.830.440.73
神木平均值3.990.842.461.680.410.30
佳县6.300.422.301.370.220.12
5.551.472.342.370.461.30
5.440.852.211.420.220.31
佳县平均值5.760.912.281.720.300.58
), ArticleFig(id=1322942196604862844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=High-pressure mercury intrusion experimental results, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块最大孔喉半径分布/μm孔喉半径分布/μm排驱压力分布/MPa最大汞饱和度分布/%
神木0.46~5.330.050~1.0300.130~1.53052.50~68.23
（平均值为2.67）（平均值为0.370）（平均值为0.518）（平均值为58.89）
佳县8.89~21.321.280~4.2800.030~0.08031.16~37.92
（平均值为15.36）（平均值为2.920）（平均值为0.054）（平均值为33.84）
), ArticleFig(id=1322942197024293245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

高压压汞实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块最大孔喉半径分布/μm孔喉半径分布/μm排驱压力分布/MPa最大汞饱和度分布/%
神木0.46~5.330.050~1.0300.130~1.53052.50~68.23
（平均值为2.67）（平均值为0.370）（平均值为0.518）（平均值为58.89）
佳县8.89~21.321.280~4.2800.030~0.08031.16~37.92
（平均值为15.36）（平均值为2.920）（平均值为0.054）（平均值为33.84）
), ArticleFig(id=1322942197422752126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Experimental results of N2 and CO2 adsorption, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块样品数量/个N2吸附CO2吸附
微孔/（cm3/g）介孔大孔总孔容/(cm3/g)比表面积/（m2/g）微孔总孔容/（cm3/g）微孔比表面积/（m2/g）
孔容/（cm3/g）占比/%孔容/（cm3/g）占比/%
神木500.000 69067.850.000 32432.150.001 020.470 00.009 441.24
佳县500.000 63359.300.000 49040.700.001 120.412 20.026 3102.73
), ArticleFig(id=1322942197846376831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

N2、CO2吸附实验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块样品数量/个N2吸附CO2吸附
微孔/（cm3/g）介孔大孔总孔容/(cm3/g)比表面积/（m2/g）微孔总孔容/（cm3/g）微孔比表面积/（m2/g）
孔容/（cm3/g）占比/%孔容/（cm3/g）占比/%
神木500.000 69067.850.000 32432.150.001 020.470 00.009 441.24
佳县500.000 63359.300.000 49040.700.001 120.412 20.026 3102.73
), ArticleFig(id=1322942198274195842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Nuclear magnetic resonance T2 spectrum test results, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块深度/m岩性核磁孔隙度/%核磁束缚水饱和度/%T2截止值/ms
神木2 257.82~2 271.01煤岩1.07~1.7326.940~58.5308.70~24.95
（平均值为2 261.19）（平均值为1.41）（平均值为44.838）（平均值为17.85）
佳县2 476.33~2 483.10煤岩2.12~3.2479.76~87.4521.21~56.07
（平均值为2 479.15）（平均值为2.60）（平均值为83.52）（平均值为37.46）
), ArticleFig(id=1322942198739763587, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

核磁共振T2谱测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块深度/m岩性核磁孔隙度/%核磁束缚水饱和度/%T2截止值/ms
神木2 257.82~2 271.01煤岩1.07~1.7326.940~58.5308.70~24.95
（平均值为2 261.19）（平均值为1.41）（平均值为44.838）（平均值为17.85）
佳县2 476.33~2 483.10煤岩2.12~3.2479.76~87.4521.21~56.07
（平均值为2 479.15）（平均值为2.60）（平均值为83.52）（平均值为37.46）
), ArticleFig(id=1322942200434262404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=Multi-scale full-pore-size pore-fracture distribution data, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块全孔径孔容分布全孔径比表面积分布
占比/%绝对值/(cm3/g)占比/%绝对值/(m2/g)
微孔介孔大孔微孔介孔大孔合计微孔介孔大孔微孔介孔大孔合计
神木23.282.0074.720.009 40.000 80.032 20.042 499.210.760.0341.240.3080.01441.562
佳县34.851.1564.000.026 30.000 90.048 50.075 799.700.270.03102.730.2810.025103.036
), ArticleFig(id=1322942201180848517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

多尺度全孔径孔缝分布数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块全孔径孔容分布全孔径比表面积分布
占比/%绝对值/(cm3/g)占比/%绝对值/(m2/g)
微孔介孔大孔微孔介孔大孔合计微孔介孔大孔微孔介孔大孔合计
神木23.282.0074.720.009 40.000 80.032 20.042 499.210.760.0341.240.3080.01441.562
佳县34.851.1564.000.026 30.000 90.048 50.075 799.700.270.03102.730.2810.025103.036
), ArticleFig(id=1322942201646416262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=Maceral and ash content determination results, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块样品数量/个镜质体反射率平均值/%显微组分平均值/%干基灰分平均值/%干基挥发分平均值/%干基固定碳平均值/%
镜质组惰质组壳质组

黏土

矿物

硫化物

矿物

碳酸盐

矿物

神木91.0658.4625.203.0110.212.260.8617.5625.9456.50
佳县101.8061.1732.83—4.500.451.059.7412.0878.18
), ArticleFig(id=1322942202019709319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

显微组分及灰分测定结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块样品数量/个镜质体反射率平均值/%显微组分平均值/%干基灰分平均值/%干基挥发分平均值/%干基固定碳平均值/%
镜质组惰质组壳质组

黏土

矿物

硫化物

矿物

碳酸盐

矿物

神木91.0658.4625.203.0110.212.260.8617.5625.9456.50
佳县101.8061.1732.83—4.500.451.059.7412.0878.18
), ArticleFig(id=1322942202468499848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=On-site gas content test results, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块深度/m解吸气含量/(cm3/g)损失气含量/(cm3/g)残余气含量/(cm3/g)

总含气量

/(cm3/g)

神木2 270.60~2 361.521.79~11.550.3~1.900.05~2.612.14~13.84
（平均值为2 316.06）（平均值为7.56）（平均值为1.03）（平均值为0.93）（平均值为9.51）
佳县2 409.05~2 483.219.66~23.115.16~14.850.09~0.2115.37~38.17
（平均值为2 446.13）（平均值为16.32）（平均值为8.55）（平均值为0.16）（平均值为25.04）
), ArticleFig(id=1322942202959233417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942112282575088, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

现场含气量测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
区块深度/m解吸气含量/(cm3/g)损失气含量/(cm3/g)残余气含量/(cm3/g)

总含气量

/(cm3/g)

神木2 270.60~2 361.521.79~11.550.3~1.900.05~2.612.14~13.84
（平均值为2 316.06）（平均值为7.56）（平均值为1.03）（平均值为0.93）（平均值为9.51）
佳县2 409.05~2 483.219.66~23.115.16~14.850.09~0.2115.37~38.17
（平均值为2 446.13）（平均值为16.32）（平均值为8.55）（平均值为0.16）（平均值为25.04）
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深层煤岩多尺度孔缝结构特征研究——以鄂东缘神木—佳县区块为例
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杨竞旭 , 余成林 , 张博明 , 李海东 , 李彦泽 , 刘加兴 , 赵春阳
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油气藏评价与开发 |油气勘探 2026 , 16 (5) : 1005 -1017
深层煤岩多尺度孔缝结构特征研究——以鄂东缘神木—佳县区块为例
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杨竞旭（1981—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事油气田开发方向研究。地址：河北省唐山市路北区51号甲区冀东油田公司，邮政编码：063004。E-mail：

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杨竞旭（1981—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事油气田开发方向研究。地址：河北省唐山市路北区51号甲区冀东油田公司，邮政编码：063004。E-mail：

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杨竞旭 , 余成林, 张博明, 李海东, 李彦泽, 刘加兴, 赵春阳
作者信息
  • 中国石油冀东油田公司，河北　 　唐山　063004
作者简介:

杨竞旭（1981—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事油气田开发方向研究。地址：河北省唐山市路北区51号甲区冀东油田公司，邮政编码：063004。E-mail：

Research on multi-scale pore-fracture structural characteristics of deep coal rock: a case study of Shenmu-Jiaxian block in the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin
JINGXU YANG , CHENGLIN YU, BOMING ZHANG, HAIDONG LI, YANZE LI, JIAXING LIU, CHUNYANG ZHAO
Affiliations
  • PetroChina Jidong Oilfield Company, Tangshan, Hebei 063004, China
出版时间: 2026-09-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025058
文章导航
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鄂尔多斯盆地  /  神木—佳县地区  /  深层煤岩气  /  孔缝结构  /  全孔径表征
Ordos Basin  /  Shenmu-Jiaxian block  /  deep coalbed methane (CBM)  /  pore-fracture structure  /  full-pore-size characterization
杨竞旭, 余成林, 张博明, 李海东, 李彦泽, 刘加兴, 赵春阳. 深层煤岩多尺度孔缝结构特征研究——以鄂东缘神木—佳县区块为例. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (5) : 1005 -1017 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025058
JINGXU YANG, CHENGLIN YU, BOMING ZHANG, HAIDONG LI, YANZE LI, JIAXING LIU, CHUNYANG ZHAO. Research on multi-scale pore-fracture structural characteristics of deep coal rock: a case study of Shenmu-Jiaxian block in the eastern margin of the Ordos Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (5) : 1005 -1017 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025058
正文
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中国1 500~3 000 m埋深的煤层气地质资源量约为30.37×1012 m3[1]，主要分布在沁水盆地南部、鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘、准噶尔盆地东部及南缘和滇东黔西盆地北部[2]。深部煤层气具有储集规模大、煤体结构完整、含气量高、游离气丰富、水动力条件弱等有利成藏条件[3]。目前对煤岩地质特征、煤层气富集高产因素的研究主要包括深层煤岩微观构造特征、煤层顶底板特征、生烃能力、气体赋存特征等方面[4-13]。李勇等[7]结合鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气勘探开发的规律认知，总结煤层气藏的封闭类型，解剖不同的煤层气富集高产类型；闫霞等[6]对比分析鄂东缘大吉地区深部煤层与中深部煤层地质参数，深入剖析深部煤层气赋存机理及高产主控因素；胡鑫等[10]通过覆压孔隙度和渗透率、扫描电镜、高压压汞、低温液氮吸附、CO2等温吸附等多种试验方法分析准噶尔盆地白家海凸起及周缘侏罗系西山窑组煤层孔隙结构影响因素。
邓泽等[11]以鄂尔多斯盆地东缘大宁—吉县区块为例结合多项实验研究深部煤储层孔裂隙结构对煤层气赋存的影响；杨秀春等[12]利用多尺度的数字岩心技术对鄂尔多斯盆地大宁—吉县区块深层煤进行扫描及分析；朱文涛等[13]联合数字岩心CT（计算机断层成像）扫描等多项技术及实验，应用多实验拼接方法，实现对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘DJ区块本溪组煤岩孔隙的全部孔隙直径（以下简称全孔径）分布表征。
神木—佳县区块位于鄂尔多斯盆地东北部，东部为神府—保德—临兴区块，南部依次是三交北区块、三交区块、石楼北区块、石楼南区块和大宁—吉县区块[14]。鄂尔多斯盆地东部埋深超2 000 m的本溪组8号煤层资源潜力巨大，鄂东缘神木—佳县区块多口井试气获得高产工业气流，鄂东缘地区有望实现中国深部煤层气规模增储建产的重要基地。目前，研究区深部煤层气处于勘探评价阶段，亟须解决区块含气性和单井产能差异大的问题，为此本文对研究区深部煤层气的孔缝发育类型及其影响因素开展研究工作，系统地研究神木—佳县区块煤储层全孔径发育情况与定量分布特征，结合高压压汞、低温N2吸附、低温CO2吸附、场发射扫描电镜和微米CT扫描技术，实现对深部煤储层的全孔径精细表征[15-18]，分析总结神木—佳县2个区块孔隙发育、含气性及产能等方面的差异，为研究区深部煤层气勘探开发提供一定的理论依据。
1　区域地质概况
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鄂尔多斯盆地位于华北地区西部，是中国重要的煤、石油、天然气能源生产基地之一，勘探实践表明：鄂尔多斯盆地天然气资源十分丰富，是中国第一个探明地质储量过万亿的大气区。盆地划分为6个一级构造单元，依次是西缘冲断带、天环坳陷、渭北隆起带、伊陕斜坡、伊盟隆起带和晋西挠褶带，煤岩主要分布在伊陕斜坡和西部的天环坳陷。研究区位于伊陕斜坡二级构造单元的东北部，处于一个相对稳定的克拉通内部盆地，横跨陕西省神木县和佳县，煤层气主要发育石炭系本溪组8号煤层，沉积环境为典型的沼泽环境，水动力条件弱，大量植物遗体堆积并埋藏，在后期转化成了优质的煤层。该区域在盆地埋藏深（2 000~4 000 m），煤层厚度介于6~18 m，平均为9.5 m，煤层厚度大且分布稳定[14]。
2　样品来源及实验方法
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本次研究实验样品来自神木区块（SM101井和SM301井）、佳县区块（JN201井和JN203X井）本溪组深层煤，采用国际纯粹与应用化学联合会 （International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry，IUPAC）孔隙直径（以下简称孔径）分类方案，分为微孔（小于2 nm）、介孔（2~50 nm）、大孔（大于50 nm）。全直径岩心CT扫描和微米CT扫描分别实现毫米级和微米级岩心快速连续三维扫描成像，并参照行业标准《岩石三维孔隙结构测定方法 第1部分：CT扫描法》（SY/T 7410.1—2018）执行；全直径CT扫描设备采用飞利浦全直径螺旋CT扫描仪，扫描分辨率介于146~800 μm，扫描岩心直径介于5~15 cm；微米CT扫描设备采用德国布鲁克SkyScan2211CT扫描仪，扫描分辨率1 μm、13 μm，扫描岩心直径2.5 cm。场发射扫描电镜实验参照行业标准《岩石样品扫描电子显微镜分析方法》（SY/T 5162—2021）执行，采用QUANTA FEG 450型场发射扫描电子显微镜，扫描分辨率0.8 nm、0.6 nm。覆压孔隙度和渗透率实验参照行业标准《覆压下岩石孔隙度和渗透率的测定方法》（SY/T 6385—2016）执行，仪器为覆压孔隙度和渗透率仪AP-608，采用水静力加载方式，通过测量饱和液体在一定压力下的体积变化来计算孔隙度，通过测量在恒定压力差下流体通过岩石样品的流量来计算渗透率。高压压汞实验采用AutoPoreⅣ-9500全自动压汞仪完成，参照国家标准《岩石毛管压力曲线的测定》（GB/T 29171—2023）执行，测试样品直径2.5 cm，测量孔径0.003~1 000.000 μm，实验过程中随着汞的侵入压力超过200 MPa，孔隙结构可能会被破坏，使得对微孔和介孔的表征出现偏差[19]，故在本次研究中主要表征0.05~2.00 μm的孔径分布特征，通过测量在不同压力下汞进入样品孔隙的体积，来确定孔径分布、孔隙度和渗透率等参数。N2吸附实验采用美国康塔Nova2000e设备，在研究中用于表征2~50 nm的孔径分布；CO2吸附实验采用美国麦克ASAP2460设备，主要表征孔径在2 nm以下的孔径分布[20]，实验均参照行业标准《岩石比表面和孔径分布测定 静态吸附容量法》（SY/T 6154—2019）执行，样品规格均为40~60目碎样，孔容、比表面积、孔径分布及N2吸附脱附曲线的特性均基于BET方程的多分子层吸附理论得到[21]。
3　成果认识
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3.1　多尺度孔缝类型发育特征
3.1.1　毫米级裂缝发育特征
为描述神木—佳县区块宏观裂缝发育特征，进行全直径岩心CT扫描，扫描得到的原始灰度数据经数字化处理后可得到岩心相关参数及其三维图像，进一步获取储层二维结构图像及矿物分布特征[22]。扫描分析结果显示：研究区煤层毫米级裂缝平行或垂直层理发育，部分被碳酸盐矿物等高密度矿物充填，整体割理裂缝发育，部分全直径CT扫描结果见图1。利用岩石数字化分析软件对灰度图像中的裂缝进行识别与分割，得到毫米级裂缝数据（表1），其中，神木区块平均总裂缝率为7.01%，平均有效裂缝率为1.76%，平均裂缝密度为44.85条/m；佳县区块平均总裂缝率为6.06%，平均有效裂缝率为1.01%，平均裂缝密度为54.41条/m。2个区块有效裂缝率相差不大，但神木区块平均总裂缝率略高，其中90%以上均被充填，且充填物主要为方解石和泥质（图1a、图1b）。
3.1.2　微米级孔缝发育特征
利用三维成像技术，可全面了解微观孔喉空间分布特征，通过获取高分辨率二维图像并进行数值重构，得到岩石微观结构的几何特征[23]。对研究区煤岩样品进行微米CT扫描，分析结果见图2，为直观地观察孔隙及裂缝在样品中的分布情况，在1 μm扫描分辨率下开展分析，建立不同扫描精度下的孔隙网络模型及三维裂缝模型，相比之下，佳县区块微裂缝较为发育。
3.1.3　纳米-微米级孔缝发育特征
通过场发射扫描电镜获取纳米-微米尺度下的岩石微观结构图像，图3可以看出，神木区块煤层孔隙类型以组织孔为主，少见气孔、黏土晶间孔，孔径在几微米到几十微米不等，部分被高岭石等黏土矿物充填。佳县区块煤层孔隙类型主要为组织孔和气孔，在高分辨率设备下可以看到有明显气孔群发育，部分孔缝被充填，局部可见黏土矿物晶间孔缝，孔径分布在几纳米至几十微米。
3.2　全孔径发育特征
利用CO2吸附微孔径分析、N2吸附技术、高压压汞实验及微米CT扫描四项实验可分别获取不同尺度下的孔缝发育特征，在此基础上利用全孔径拼接技术，建立全孔径分布曲线，全面表征煤层孔径分布特征。
3.2.1　微米CT扫描
孔隙宽度在2 μm以上的孔缝数据采用1 μm扫描分辨率下微米CT扫描分析结果，分别计算孔隙度、孔隙半径、喉道半径、配位数等评价煤岩微米孔缝结构的重要参数，参照行业标准《油气储层评价方法》（SY/T 6285—2011）进行评价，分析计算结果见表2。神木区块煤岩平均孔隙度为3.99%，平均有效孔隙度为0.84%，平均孔隙半径为2.46 μm，平均微裂缝孔隙度为0.30%；佳县区块煤岩平均孔隙度为5.76%，平均有效孔隙度为0.91%，平均孔隙半径为2.28 μm，平均微裂缝孔隙度为0.58%。2个区块平均配位数均低于0.50，孔隙连通性都较差，微米CT扫描孔径分布特征见图4，可以看出，研究区煤层段微米级孔缝均呈双峰分布，且微米级裂缝作为气体渗流排采的重要通道，整体较为发育，总孔隙体积占比与有效孔隙体积占比的分布情况说明孔隙被矿物不同程度充填。神木区块煤岩有效孔隙主要分布在3~8 μm，微裂缝一般大于40 μm；佳县区块煤岩有效孔隙分布在3~6 μm，微裂缝主要分布在80~160 μm，相较而言佳县区块微裂缝更为发育，为游离气提供大量储集空间。
3.2.2　高压压汞实验
孔径在0.05~2.00 μm的孔缝数据采用高压压汞实验结果，基于毛细管凝聚原理，通过测量不同压力下汞进入孔隙的量来测定孔径分布情况[24-26]，孔径越小所需的压力越大。图5展示不同孔喉半径下渗透率贡献与孔喉半径分布频率情况，神木区块煤岩样品孔喉半径主要分布在0.006~4.000 μm，平均孔喉半径为0.370 μm；佳县区块煤岩样品孔喉半径呈“双峰”特征，主要分布于0.006~0.100 μm和0.400~25.000 μm，平均孔喉半径为2.920 μm。根据高压压汞实验结果和毛细管压力曲线（表3、图6），神木区块平均最大汞饱和度为58.89%，平均排驱压力为0.518 MPa；佳县区块平均最大汞饱和度为33.84%，平均排驱压力小，均在0.100 MPa以下，平均为0.054 MPa，由于岩样存在裂隙，造成初始阶段的汞饱和度迅速上升，储层物性相对较好。
3.2.3　低温N2、CO2吸附实验
对于孔径在50 nm以下的孔隙，基于物理吸附理论，采用CO2和N2吸附微孔的方法测定样品孔径分布特征，由于CO2分子和N2分子大小的差异，CO2分子较小，可以在较低的压力下进入更小的孔隙中，对于微孔（直径小于2 nm）的检测效果更好。孔径在2~50 nm的孔缝数据采用N2吸附实验结果，以毛细管凝聚现象为理论依据，得到N2等温吸附曲线和N2吸附不同孔径占比（图7a、图7b），根据BDDT（Brunauer-Deming-Deming-Teller）分类[27]，2个区块等温线均为Ⅲ型，表明无孔或大孔固体上气体的物理吸附[28-29]，孔径分布通过BJH（Barrett-Joyner-Halenda）模型来计算，结果显示2个区块均以介孔为主，平均占比均在50%以上，相比之下神木区块介孔的孔容及占比较高（表4）。孔径在2 nm以下的孔缝数据采用CO2吸附实验结果，基于微孔充填理论，使用DR（Dubinin-Radushkevich）模型[27]来描述微孔内的吸附行为，得到微孔体积和孔径分布的数据，实验结果显示（表4）：2个区块微孔的总孔容均比液氮吸附测量的总孔容高出一个数量级，比表面积数据高出2个数量级，说明在2个区块煤储层中微孔的数量和体积占比均较高，根据CO2等温吸附曲线图和CO2吸附不同孔径分布图（图7c、图7d），2个区块微孔不同孔径范围内孔容呈相同分布趋势，佳县区块微孔的总孔容和微孔比表面积明显更高。
3.2.4　核磁共振T2（横向弛豫时间）谱实验
在高频NMR（核磁共振）系统下开展T2谱实验，通过测量岩石样品中H+（氢质子）的弛豫时间来反映煤岩的孔隙结构特征，其原理是基于H+在孔隙流体中的横向弛豫过程，由于流体分子在孔径较小的孔隙中会受到更频繁的边界效应影响，即孔隙越小，H+与孔隙壁碰撞的机会越多，导致其T2较短；相反，大孔及微裂缝对应的弛豫时间较长[30]。T2谱图中（图8a），3个谱峰分别代表了不同孔径大小的孔隙和裂隙，分别代表吸附孔、游离孔及微裂缝，对应的谱峰面积反映该孔径范围的孔隙数量，其中弛豫时间通常小于1 ms对应微孔，介孔的弛豫时间在一毫秒到几十毫秒不等，大孔及裂隙弛豫时间在几十毫秒至数百毫秒，以佳县区块某岩样为例，微孔对应谱峰在离心前后几乎重合，但离心后介孔对应谱峰有减弱，大孔及裂缝对应的谱峰消失，表明佳县区块微裂缝连通性较好[31]。根据图8b，神木区块孔隙主要分布于弛豫时间在0.1~1.0 ms及10 ms以上，佳县区块孔隙弛豫时间主要分布于0.1~1.0 ms，孔隙类型中微孔的比例高，且谱峰面积较大，进一步反映2个区块在孔隙分布上的差异。核磁共振T2谱测试结果（表5），神木区块平均T2截止值为17.85 ms，核磁共振平均孔隙度为1.41%；佳县区块平均T2截止值为37.46 ms，核磁共振平均孔隙度为2.60%，佳县区块孔隙度优于神木区块。
3.2.5　全孔径拼接特征
结合不同孔径对应的孔容及比表面积原始数据，通过数据拼接得到全孔径范围内的孔容及比表面积分布情况，2个区全孔径块拼接结果（表6、图9）。神木区块煤层储集空间以大孔为主，平均占比74.72%，其次为微孔，平均占比23.28%，介孔平均占比2.00%；佳县区块煤层储集空间以大孔和微孔为主，大孔平均占比64.00%，微孔平均占比34.85%，介孔平均占比1.15%。根据比表面积分布，2个区块微孔占比均在99%以上，佳县区块微孔比表面积平均达到102.73 m2/g，由于煤的吸附性主要由孔径在2 nm以下的微孔决定[32-34]，说明2个区块均由微孔贡献绝大部分的吸附性，且佳县区块吸附性优于神木区块。
3.3　气体赋存模式影响因素分析
3.3.1　煤岩煤质与热演化程度
煤岩储层孔缝结构复杂，孔隙发育情况受煤岩显微组分、灰分等多个因素影响[35]，对研究区多个样品进行显微组分及灰分测定，依照国家标准《煤的显微组分组和矿物测定方法》（GB/T 8899—2013）执行，测定结果见表7。神木区块煤岩的反射率平均值为1.06%；煤岩的显微组分中，镜质组含量平均值为58.46%，惰质组含量平均值为25.20%；煤岩工业分析中，干基灰分平均值为17.56%，干基固定碳含量平均值为56.50%。佳县区块煤岩的镜质体反射率平均值为1.80%；煤岩的显微组分中，镜质组含量平均值为61.17%，惰质组含量平均值为32.83%；煤岩工业分析中，干基灰分平均值为9.74%，干基固定碳含量平均值为78.18%。神木区块煤岩热演化程度为成熟阶段的长焰煤至焦煤阶段，有机质热解生成液态烃和气态烃，液态烃充填孔隙后，随温度升高（大于80 ℃）裂解为气态烃，产生“气胀作用”，形成热解孔隙，热解孔隙以介孔（2~50 nm）和微孔（小于2 nm）为主，孔隙结构复杂化；佳县区块煤岩热演化程度为高成熟阶段的瘦煤至贫煤阶段，液态烃完全裂解，气态烃（CH4等）大量生成，进一步扩展次生孔隙，孔隙直径减小，比表面积显著增加，微孔占比上升。佳县区块相较于神木区块煤岩热演化程度高，整体固定碳含量更高，挥发分低，灰分低。随着煤化作用的进行，煤的有机质芳构化程度提高，分子结构变得更加紧密，煤的镜质体反射率随着有机组分中碳含量的增加而增高。显微组分含量的差异是造成2个区块孔隙主要发育类型存在不同的原因之一，相比之下佳县区块镜质组含量较高，在微观尺度下气孔也更为发育。而灰分对煤岩储层物性的影响主要表现为对部分孔缝的充填，造成储层物性变差[10]，随着灰分质量分数增加，储层总孔容可能会减少。由表7可知，研究区样品测得反射率介于1.0%~2.0%，根据国际煤炭分类标准的分类，属于中高阶煤，相较之下佳县区块反射率更高，煤岩热演化程度高，镜质组和惰质组含量高，干基固定碳含量高，干基灰分和干基挥发分更低。
3.3.2　覆压物性特征
根据神木、佳县2个区块埋深不同，预测地层压力，进行煤岩储层覆压，计算并绘制覆压孔隙度和渗透率损害率曲线（图10）和覆压孔隙度和渗透率变化曲线（图11）。结果显示：神木区块在覆压20 MPa下，覆压后平均孔隙度为2.20%，平均渗透率为0.054×10-3 μm2，平均孔隙度损害率为31.23%；平均渗透率损害率为93.17%；佳县区块在覆压21 MPa下，覆压后平均孔隙度为3.92%，平均渗透率为0.039×10-3μm2，平均孔隙度损害率为40.42%，平均渗透率损害率为93.50%。随着覆压的增大，2个区块孔隙度和渗透率损害率呈现相似的变化趋势，在压力增加初期，孔隙度渗透率损害率上升幅度相对较大，当覆压达到8 MPa时渗透率损害率出现明显拐点，渗透率损害率介于47.7%~70.1%，后期随着压力的增加煤岩物性损害率曲线逐渐变得平缓，表明其储层压力敏感性差异不大。当覆压达到20 MPa左右时，2个区块渗透率损害率均达到80%以上，煤岩储层物性损害程度较强。
3.3.3　吸附能力与含气量
煤层气主要以吸附态和游离态赋存于煤岩孔裂隙中，只有很少一部分以溶解态存在[36]，储层孔缝结构及孔径分布特征在受煤岩煤质及岩石物性影响的同时，还控制着煤层气的吸附及解吸过程[9]。通过等温吸附实验测定在特定压力条件下煤岩对气体的吸附量，得到吸附等温曲线，计算兰氏体积，以此表征煤岩理论上所能吸附的最大气体量。对研究区样品进行空气干燥基测定，神木区块空气干燥基平均兰氏体积为7.39 cm3/g，兰氏压力为3.51 MPa；佳县区块空气干燥基平均兰氏体积为20.64 cm3/g，兰氏压力为2.87 MPa，2个区块兰氏体积相差较大（图12），兰氏压力神木区块略高，说明佳县区块煤岩吸附能力更强。
含气量作为确定煤层气地质储量及储量丰度的重要参数之一，参照国家标准《煤层气含量测定方法》（GB/T 19559—2021）执行，通过在现场取心后测量气体的体积进行计算，测试结果见表8。佳县区块煤层平均总含气量为25.04 cm3/g，远高于神木区块平均总含气量9.51 cm3/g，佳县区块含气性及吸附能力都明显优于神木区块。综合分析，导致2个区块的吸附量和含气量差异的潜在影响因素主要有煤岩煤质、煤岩显微组分、煤岩的热演化程度、储层孔隙结构、地层温度、地层压力等方面。
3.3.4　保存条件与可压性
随着埋藏深度增加，煤经历不同程度的沉积成岩作用，利用X衍射全岩矿物及黏土矿物分析，对研究区内煤层夹矸及顶底板矿物学特征进行研究。图13分析结果显示：2个区块夹矸矿物以黏土为主，平均占比均在90%以上，顶底板矿物以石英为主，黏土矿物均以高岭石为主。整体来看，2个区块矿物组成及含量上没有显著差异。
通过三轴抗压应力测试在实验室条件下模拟真实地层环境，设定不同的地应力水平和方向，获取煤岩在不同围压条件下的抗压强度、弹性模量、泊松比等关键力学参数。神木区块煤层段抗压强度平均值为79 MPa，弹性模量介于5.86~10.7 GPa，泊松比介于0.30~0.35，顶底板抗压强度平均值为119.4 MPa；佳县区块煤层段抗压强度平均值为64.42 MPa，弹性模量介于4.77~5.89 GPa，泊松比介于0.27~0.33，顶底板抗压强度平均值为183.86 MPa。2个区块顶底板与煤层段力学性质均存在较大差异，使得煤层中更容易产生以垂向应力为主的地应力场，有助于在力学脆弱面形成压裂裂缝[37]，相比之下佳县区块底板抗压能力更强，弹性形变能力高，压裂后底板稳定性及封闭性更好。佳县地区煤岩的顶板以灰岩和泥岩为主，小部分区域发育砂岩顶板，巨厚的顶底板灰岩或泥岩对气藏的保存作用更明显；神木地区主要发育泥岩顶板或砂岩顶板，对气藏的保存效果不佳。佳县地区顶底板泥岩与煤岩的抗压强度差异更大，在压裂过程中顶底板更不容易被压窜，更有利于保证煤层气不易向外扩散，压裂后气藏的地层压力高，开发的效果更好。
4　结论
收起
1）研究区整体具有割理裂缝发育、毫米级裂缝平行或垂直层理发育，神木、佳县平均总裂缝率分别为7.01%和6.06%，神木区块平均总裂缝率略高的特点。神木区块煤层储集空间类型以组织孔为主，少见气孔、黏土矿物晶间孔，孔径在几微米到几十微米，纳米级孔径发育相对较少；佳县区块煤层储集空间类型以组织孔和气孔为主，孔径分布在几纳米至几十微米，微米级裂缝发育。
2）从全孔径拼接特征来看，研究区煤岩微孔占比均在99%以上，表明研究区煤岩吸附能力强，神木区块煤层储集空间以大孔为主，大孔和微孔平均占比分别为74.72%和23.28%，微孔比表面积平均为41.24 m2/g；佳县区块煤层储集空间以大孔和微孔为主，大孔和微孔平均占比分别为64.00%和34.85%，微孔比表面积平均为102.73 m2/g，佳县区块煤岩微孔占比高，微孔比表面积也大，说明佳县区块煤岩吸附性优于神木区块。
3）研究区煤岩属于中高阶煤，显微组分均以镜质组为主，佳县区块与神木区块相比具有煤岩热演化程度高，生烃能力强，镜质体反射率高、镜质组含量高、挥发分低、灰分低的特点；基于孔隙结构的差异，佳县区块煤岩微裂缝更加发育为游离气提供储集空间，微孔更加发育为吸附气提供有利存储场所，现场含气量测试结果也证实，佳县区块的煤岩储层含气性和开发潜力明显好于神木区块。
4）研究区顶底板矿物组成无明显差异，结合关键力学参数，佳县区块煤层顶底板抗压能力更强，弹性形变能力高，压裂后具有更好的稳定性及封闭性，对气藏保护起到积极的作用。

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2026年第16卷第5期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025058
  • 接收时间：2025-02-26
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2026-09-26
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species		 占总种数比例
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total species (%)		 属
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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