Article(id=1322957337480278654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322957283147252214, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025028, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743609600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-03, revisedDate=1742918400000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-26, acceptedDate=1743609600000, acceptedDateStr=2025-04-03, onlineDate=1793347208614, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1774454400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793347208614, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793347208614, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793347208614, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322957283147252214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='2', pageStart='225', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774454400000', pubDateStr='2026-03-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793347195659, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793348987089, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322964796999611071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322957283147252214, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322964796999611072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322957283147252214, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=329, endPage=343, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322957339308995199, articleId=1322957337480278654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Characteristics of deep coalbed methane reservoir space in Shanxi Province and their influence on adsorption and desorption, columnId=1322941494130258079, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Exploration, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Exploration practices have shown that the southern Yanchuan block and Jinzhong block in Shanxi Province have significant exploration and development potential in the field of deep coalbed methane (CBM). However, studies on the characteristics of coal reservoir space and the main controlling factors of pore-fracture development remain limited, particularly regarding the coupling mechanism between the deep coal rock pore-fracture system and gas content , which hinders the production enhancement and cost-effective development of deep CBM in this region. Based on coal rock samples from key exploration wells in these blocks, this study systematically characterized the pore-fracture space types, full-scale pore size distribution characteristics, and fracture systems in deep coal reservoirs using optical microscope mosaics, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and high-pressure mercury intrusion—low-temperature N2/CO2 adsorption techniques. Combined with coal composition, coal body structure, and gas content test data, the main controlling factors of pore-fracture development and their impact on gas content were revealed. The results showed that: (1) the main reservoir spaces in the 2nd coal seam of the Shanxi Formation in the southern Yanchuan block and the 15th coal seam of the Taiyuan Formation in the Jinzhong block could be divided into two major categories: pores and fractures. Pores could be further subdivided into six subcategories based on their genesis, including cellular pores, gas pores, intergranular pores, clay mineral intercrystalline pores, pyrite intercrystalline pores, and dissolution pores. Fractures could be subdivided into three subcategories: cleat fractures, bedding fractures, and tectonic fractures. The reservoir space of the No. 2 coal in the southern Yanchuan block was dominated by gas pores and cellular pores, followed by intergranular pores, with a small number of cleat fractures, tectonic fractures, and pyrite intercrystalline pores. In contrast, the reservoir space of the No. 15 coal in the Jinzhong block was dominated by cleat fractures and tectonic fractures, followed by cellular pores, gas pores, and intergranular pores, with a small number of bedding fractures and clay mineral intercrystalline pores. (2) The differences in reservoir space characteristics between the southern Yanchuan block and the Jinzhong block were primarily attributed to coal composition, coal body structure, and tectonic movement. Specifically, pore types were mainly influenced by coal composition. Matrix vitrinite predominantly developed gas pores and intergranular pores, while fusinite, semifusinite, and durinite mainly developed cellular pores. Clay minerals mainly developed intercrystalline pores and fractures. Fracture systems were primarily controlled by coal structure and tectonic movement. Cleat fractures were affected by the diagenesis of coal and the lithostatic pressure of overlying strata, relating to the thermal maturity and burial depth of the coal. Bedding fractures were associated with the depositional environment, and external fractures were formed by tectonic stress or fracture. (3) The pore-fracture structure of coal significantly affected the adsorption-desorption characteristics of CBM. The pore size distribution of matrix pores determined the specific surface area and adsorption capacity of coal, thereby affecting adsorption characteristics. The complexity of the fracture system determined the permeability of CBM, thereby affecting its desorption behavior. The differences in coal types and material composition between the two blocks resulted in distinct characteristics in pore-fracture types, mechanical properties, and adsorption-desorption behaviors. The study suggests that for reservoirs like the No. 2 coal in the southern Yanchuan block, which are dominated by matrix pores and exhibit stable gas desorption, a development strategy of “increasing fracturing scale, enhancing fracture creation, and adopting rapid drainage for pressure reduction” is recommended. For CBM reservoirs like the No. 15 coal in the Jinzhong block, which have well-developed fractures and complex pore-fracture networks, a development strategy of “improving sweep efficiency, large-volume far-field proppant placement, and controlled-pressure production” is recommended.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=XIAO CAI1, 2, WEI XIA1, 2, XIAOYUE LI1, 2, YUXIA LIU1, 2, YUE GONG1, 2, HEQUN GAO1, 2, authorsList=XIAO CAI, WEI XIA, XIAOYUE LI, YUXIA LIU, YUE GONG, HEQUN GAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322957345248129703, articleId=1322957337480278654, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=山西地区深部煤层气储集空间特征及其对吸附解吸的影响, columnId=1322941494327390371, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气勘探, runingTitle=null, highlight=

山西延川南区块和晋中区块在深部煤层气领域勘探开发潜力较大,但目前针对煤岩储集空间特征及孔隙-裂隙发育主控因素的研究仍有不足,尤其是对深部煤岩孔隙-裂隙系统与含气性耦合机制的认识不清晰,制约了该区深部煤层气的高效开发与效益提升。基于区块重点探井的煤岩样品,运用光学显微拼图、场发射电镜及高压压汞-低温N₂/CO₂吸附联测技术,系统表征了深部煤储层孔隙-裂隙空间类型与全孔径分布特征;结合煤岩组分、煤体结构及含气性测试数据,揭示了煤岩孔隙-裂隙发育主控因素及其对含气性的影响。研究结果表明:①延川南区块山西组2号煤和晋中区块太原组15号煤的储集空间主要分为孔隙和裂隙两大类。孔隙包括胞腔孔、气孔、粒间孔、黏土矿物晶间孔、黄铁矿晶间孔和溶蚀孔;裂隙包括割理缝、层理缝和构造缝。延川南区块2号煤层以气孔和胞腔孔为主,其次为粒间孔,少量割理缝、构造缝和黄铁矿晶间孔;晋中区块15号煤层则以割理缝和构造缝为主,其次为胞腔孔、气孔和粒间孔,少量层理缝和黏土矿物晶间孔;②延川南与晋中区块煤岩储集空间特征差异主要由煤岩组成、煤体结构和构造运动决定。孔隙类型受煤岩组成影响:基质镜质体多发育气孔和粒间孔,丝质体、半丝质体及粗粒体多发育胞腔孔,黏土矿物多发育晶间孔隙-裂隙。裂隙系统受煤体结构和构造运动控制:割理缝受煤岩的成岩作用及上覆地层的静岩压力影响,与煤岩的热演化程度和埋深有关;层理缝与沉积环境相关;外生裂隙由构造应力或破裂作用形成;③煤岩孔隙-裂隙结构显著影响煤层气的吸附解吸特征。基质孔隙的孔径分布决定煤岩比表面积和吸附能力,进而影响吸附特征;裂隙系统的复杂程度决定煤层气的渗流能力,进而影响解吸行为。研究认为,针对延川南区块2号煤这类以基质孔隙为主、吸附气稳定解吸的储层,建议采用“增大压裂规模、提高造缝效果、快排降压生产”的开发方案;针对晋中区块15号煤这类裂隙发育且孔隙-裂隙网络复杂的煤层气储层,建议采用“提高波及范围、大砂量远支撑、控压生产”的开发方案。

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蔡潇(1988—),男,硕士,高级工程师,从事非常规油气地质实验研究工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

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蔡潇(1988—),男,硕士,高级工程师,从事非常规油气地质实验研究工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

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蔡潇(1988—),男,硕士,高级工程师,从事非常规油气地质实验研究工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

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Natural Gas Industry, 2000, 20(4): 27-29., articleTitle=Evaluation method of cleats in coal reservoir bed, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322957366983013199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=30, issue=6, pageStart=893, pageEnd=905, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=92, authorNames=王冠民, 祝新怡, 刘海, journalName=地质力学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王冠民, 祝新怡, 刘海, 等. 沉积微相在致密砂岩可压裂性分析中的应用: 以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组7段为例[J]. 地质力学学报, 2024, 30(6): 893-905., articleTitle=沉积微相在致密砂岩可压裂性分析中的应用: 以鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组7段为例, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322957367079482192, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=30, issue=6, pageStart=893, pageEnd=905, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=47, rfOrder=93, authorNames=WANG Guanmin, ZHU Xinyi, LIU Hai, journalName=Journal of Geomechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Guanmin, ZHU Xinyi, LIU Hai, et al. The application of sedimentary microfacies on the fracability of tight sandstone reservoir in Chang 7 member of Longdong area in the Ordos Basin[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2024, 30(6): 893-905., articleTitle=The application of sedimentary microfacies on the fracability of tight sandstone reservoir in Chang 7 member of Longdong area in the Ordos Basin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322957367192728401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=2, pageStart=14, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=94, authorNames=姚红生, journalName=天然气工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姚红生.南川地区浅层常压页岩气吸附解吸机理与开发实践[J].天然气工业, 2024, 44(2):14-22., articleTitle=南川地区浅层常压页岩气吸附解吸机理与开发实践, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322957367276614482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=2, pageStart=14, pageEnd=22, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=95, authorNames=YAO Hongsheng, journalName=Natural Gas Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=YAO Hongsheng.Adsorption and desorption mechanism and development practice of shallow normal pressure shale gas in Nanchuan area[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2024, 44(2):14-22., articleTitle=Adsorption and desorption mechanism and development practice of shallow normal pressure shale gas in Nanchuan area, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322957346992960168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957347278172841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, companyId=1322957346992960168, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Exploration and Production Research Institute, Sinopec East China Oil & Gas Company, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957347290755754, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, companyId=1322957346992960168, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院,江苏   南京   210019)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322957348184142507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957348192531116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, companyId=1322957348184142507, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Sinopec Key Laboratory of Deep Coalbed Methane Exploration and Development, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957348196725421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, companyId=1322957348184142507, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国石化深层煤层气勘探开发重点实验室,江苏   南京 210019)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322957350876885724, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Regional location and coal-bearing strata of southern Yanchuan block and Jinzhong block,Shanxi, figureFileSmall=x3A34asj8vILIZaqK7SHnw==, figureFileBig=P0iCN8vMslP9E+C9gSkS2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957350956577501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=CN, label=图1, caption=山西延川南区块和晋中区块区域位置及含煤地层, figureFileSmall=x3A34asj8vILIZaqK7SHnw==, figureFileBig=P0iCN8vMslP9E+C9gSkS2A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957352768516830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Macroscopic structures of coal rocks in southern Yanchuan block and Jinzhong block,Shanxi, figureFileSmall=kkWFqF7eDXoxkn2NMK9NBA==, figureFileBig=YtR3MWeyN8IqdX1e9cGMkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957352869180127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=CN, label=图2, caption=山西延川南和晋中区块煤岩宏观结构

注:a为延川南区块Y3井,1 170.48~1 170.73 m,山西组2号煤原生结构;b为延川南区块Y3井,1 169.48~1 169.78 m,山西组2号煤碎裂结构;c为晋中区块J2井,1 648.29~1 648.59 m,太原组15号煤原生结构;d为晋中区块J2井,1 650.40~1 650.55 m,太原组15号煤碎裂结构。

, figureFileSmall=kkWFqF7eDXoxkn2NMK9NBA==, figureFileBig=YtR3MWeyN8IqdX1e9cGMkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957352961454816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Coal rock composition of southern Yanchuan block and Jinzhong block, Shanxi, figureFileSmall=wjZHcdkV45wj6Kt7wrYG1Q==, figureFileBig=kUyzyyHhvpUb2E/BwjKBdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957353041146593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=CN, label=图3, caption=山西延川南区块和晋中区块煤岩组分, figureFileSmall=wjZHcdkV45wj6Kt7wrYG1Q==, figureFileBig=kUyzyyHhvpUb2E/BwjKBdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957353129226978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Characteristics of reservoir space in No. 2 coal of well Y3, southern Yanchuan block, Shanxi, figureFileSmall=fN3Bjn8g5wpr6dJK5jR/DA==, figureFileBig=Xv24kL1cPpX9CaSgCc1nmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957353196335843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=CN, label=图4, caption=山西延川南区块Y3井2号煤储集空间特征

注:a为Y3井(1 170.98 m)煤岩光片反射光拼图;b为视域①局部放大,基质镜质体胶结有机质碎片和黏土矿物,发育粒间孔;c为视域②局部放大,结构镜质体表面见胞腔孔;d为视域③局部放大,丝质体、半丝质体和少量粗粒体表面见胞腔孔;e为有机质表面气孔;f为微裂隙;g为黄铁矿晶间孔。

, figureFileSmall=fN3Bjn8g5wpr6dJK5jR/DA==, figureFileBig=Xv24kL1cPpX9CaSgCc1nmw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957353259250404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Characteristics of reservoir space in No. 15 coal of well J2, Jinzhong block, Shanxi, figureFileSmall=ZSJlQft/eWs9Ayl0lRreiQ==, figureFileBig=mvxWHd9zztFV7DyIt7u3iA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957353326359269, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=CN, label=图5, caption=山西晋中区块J2井15号煤储集空间特征

注:a为J2井(1 649.99 m)煤岩光片反射光拼图;b为视域③局部放大,丝质体表面大量胞腔孔;c为视域①局部放大,半丝质体;d为视域②局部放大,丝质体、半丝质体;e为视域④局部放大,基质镜质体表面粒间孔;f为气孔;g为气孔;h为微裂隙。

, figureFileSmall=ZSJlQft/eWs9Ayl0lRreiQ==, figureFileBig=mvxWHd9zztFV7DyIt7u3iA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957353393468134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Histogram of coal rock pore size distribution in southern Yanchuan block and Jinzhong block, Shanxi, figureFileSmall=xWHPM8X8yb4Kxumi5BJAXg==, figureFileBig=8fSV2Pl3gNe1+6qheHoaMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957353485742823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=CN, label=图6, caption=山西延川南区块和晋中区块煤岩孔径分布直方图, figureFileSmall=xWHPM8X8yb4Kxumi5BJAXg==, figureFileBig=8fSV2Pl3gNe1+6qheHoaMA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957353611571944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Large-area mosaic image processing of coal rock thin sections in southern Yanchuan block and Jinzhong block,Shanxi, figureFileSmall=DX+OkVGxYoXQ6bw9UW2Zlg==, figureFileBig=sA7o4kD6wzGiF1CxLQ+XXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957353678680810, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=CN, label=图7, caption=山西延川南区块和晋中区块煤岩光片大面积拼接图像处理, figureFileSmall=DX+OkVGxYoXQ6bw9UW2Zlg==, figureFileBig=sA7o4kD6wzGiF1CxLQ+XXA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957353741595371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Contents and proportions of adsorbed gas and free gas in southern Yanchuan block and Jinzhong block,Shanxi, figureFileSmall=YoliyEu6aNfAnZmyJhY4Mw==, figureFileBig=N9+mPx2bLHvIbs1MSApOjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957353796121324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=CN, label=图8, caption=山西延川南区块和晋中区块吸附气、游离气含量与占比, figureFileSmall=YoliyEu6aNfAnZmyJhY4Mw==, figureFileBig=N9+mPx2bLHvIbs1MSApOjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957353871618797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Coal rock compositions and microscopic components of southern Yanchuan block and Jinzhong block,Shanxi, figureFileSmall=6iXMfCaQq6ii7VbRp+wKhg==, figureFileBig=V/WJ607+web5JcdcPOJZ3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957353938727662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=CN, label=图9, caption=山西延川南区块和晋中区块煤岩组成及显微组分, figureFileSmall=6iXMfCaQq6ii7VbRp+wKhg==, figureFileBig=V/WJ607+web5JcdcPOJZ3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957354051973871, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Correlations between isothermal adsorption and desorption rates and specific surface area-adsorption capacity of coal rocks in southern Yanchuan block and Jinzhong block,Shanxi, figureFileSmall=lBw9iLbXIlKC/cw3T9o4pg==, figureFileBig=sYFao82O1klAMgXil2eznw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957354123277040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=CN, label=图10, caption=山西延川南区块和晋中区块煤岩等温吸附、解吸速率和比表面积-吸附量相关性, figureFileSmall=lBw9iLbXIlKC/cw3T9o4pg==, figureFileBig=sYFao82O1klAMgXil2eznw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957354198774513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Classification of coal rock reservoir space characteristics, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
大类亚类特征描述孔隙-裂隙范围成因成像特点
孔隙胞腔孔主要发育于惰质组中的丝质体、半丝质体、粗粒体等保留有植物细胞的胞腔内,胞腔内也常有黏土矿物、方解石等矿物胶结,或伴有团块镜质体填充,是煤岩中最主要的原生孔隙10~200 μm原生结构
气孔煤岩生烃过程中在有机质表面形成的孔隙,由于镜质组比惰质组有更强的生烃能力,因此大部分的气孔发育于镜质体表面,是煤岩中最主要的次生孔隙2 nm~2 μm生烃作用
粒间孔基质镜质体在凝胶化过程中,融合了黏土矿物、有机碎片等碎屑,由于成岩作用或生烃作用形成的孔隙,既包含由原始结构经成岩作用压实形成的孔隙,也包含成烃母质经成岩作用形成的气孔20 nm~5 μm

成岩作用

生烃作用

黏土矿物晶间孔黏土矿物晶间发育的孔隙10~500 nm成岩作用
黄铁矿晶间孔黄铁矿晶体内部发育的孔隙10~200 nm成岩作用
溶蚀孔裂隙或胞腔内胶结方解石等碳酸盐矿物,表面发育少量溶蚀孔10~300 nm成岩作用
裂隙割理缝包括与层面近似平行且延伸相对较长的面割理,以及发育于2条相邻的面割理之间、与层面近似垂直且连续性相对较差的端割理,面割理和端割理都是煤岩中主要的内生裂隙

缝宽:1~200 μm

缝长:50 μm~1 cm

成岩作用
构造缝是煤岩中最常见的外生裂隙,是煤层在地质构造运动中,受应力作用产生的裂隙[39]

缝宽:10~800 μm

缝长:50 μm~1 cm

构造作用等
层理缝在沉积和成岩过程中,在纹层间形成的裂隙

缝宽:微米级

缝长:200 μm~2 cm

沉积

成岩作用

), ArticleFig(id=1322957354278466290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957337480278654, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

煤岩储集空间特征划分表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
大类亚类特征描述孔隙-裂隙范围成因成像特点
孔隙胞腔孔主要发育于惰质组中的丝质体、半丝质体、粗粒体等保留有植物细胞的胞腔内,胞腔内也常有黏土矿物、方解石等矿物胶结,或伴有团块镜质体填充,是煤岩中最主要的原生孔隙10~200 μm原生结构
气孔煤岩生烃过程中在有机质表面形成的孔隙,由于镜质组比惰质组有更强的生烃能力,因此大部分的气孔发育于镜质体表面,是煤岩中最主要的次生孔隙2 nm~2 μm生烃作用
粒间孔基质镜质体在凝胶化过程中,融合了黏土矿物、有机碎片等碎屑,由于成岩作用或生烃作用形成的孔隙,既包含由原始结构经成岩作用压实形成的孔隙,也包含成烃母质经成岩作用形成的气孔20 nm~5 μm

成岩作用

生烃作用

黏土矿物晶间孔黏土矿物晶间发育的孔隙10~500 nm成岩作用
黄铁矿晶间孔黄铁矿晶体内部发育的孔隙10~200 nm成岩作用
溶蚀孔裂隙或胞腔内胶结方解石等碳酸盐矿物,表面发育少量溶蚀孔10~300 nm成岩作用
裂隙割理缝包括与层面近似平行且延伸相对较长的面割理,以及发育于2条相邻的面割理之间、与层面近似垂直且连续性相对较差的端割理,面割理和端割理都是煤岩中主要的内生裂隙

缝宽:1~200 μm

缝长:50 μm~1 cm

成岩作用
构造缝是煤岩中最常见的外生裂隙,是煤层在地质构造运动中,受应力作用产生的裂隙[39]

缝宽:10~800 μm

缝长:50 μm~1 cm

构造作用等
层理缝在沉积和成岩过程中,在纹层间形成的裂隙

缝宽:微米级

缝长:200 μm~2 cm

沉积

成岩作用

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山西地区深部煤层气储集空间特征及其对吸附解吸的影响
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蔡潇 1, 2 , 夏威 1, 2 , 李小越 1, 2 , 刘玉霞 1, 2 , 龚月 1, 2 , 高和群 1, 2
油气藏评价与开发 | 油气勘探 2026,16(2): 329-343
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油气藏评价与开发 |油气勘探 2026 , 16 (2) : 329 -343
山西地区深部煤层气储集空间特征及其对吸附解吸的影响
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蔡潇(1988—),男,硕士,高级工程师,从事非常规油气地质实验研究工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

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蔡潇1, 2 , 夏威1, 2, 李小越1, 2, 刘玉霞1, 2, 龚月1, 2, 高和群1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院,江苏   南京   210019
  • 2 中国石化深层煤层气勘探开发重点实验室,江苏   南京 210019
作者简介:

蔡潇(1988—),男,硕士,高级工程师,从事非常规油气地质实验研究工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

Characteristics of deep coalbed methane reservoir space in Shanxi Province and their influence on adsorption and desorption
XIAO CAI1, 2 , WEI XIA1, 2, XIAOYUE LI1, 2, YUXIA LIU1, 2, YUE GONG1, 2, HEQUN GAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 Exploration and Production Research Institute, Sinopec East China Oil & Gas Company, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019, China
  • 2 Sinopec Key Laboratory of Deep Coalbed Methane Exploration and Development, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019, China
出版时间: 2026-03-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025028
文章导航
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延川南区块  /  晋中区块  /  深部煤层气  /  储集空间特征  /  吸附解吸
southern Yanchuan block  /  Jinzhong block  /  deep coalbed methane  /  characteristics of reservoir space  /  adsorption and desorption
蔡潇, 夏威, 李小越, 刘玉霞, 龚月, 高和群. 山西地区深部煤层气储集空间特征及其对吸附解吸的影响. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (2) : 329 -343 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025028
XIAO CAI, WEI XIA, XIAOYUE LI, YUXIA LIU, YUE GONG, HEQUN GAO. Characteristics of deep coalbed methane reservoir space in Shanxi Province and their influence on adsorption and desorption[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (2) : 329 -343 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025028
近年来,得益于富集理论认识的提升及工程工艺技术的进步,深部煤层气取得重大突破,展现出良好的发展前景[1-4]。2023年,中国煤层气探明储量达4 475×1012 m3,发现神府、大吉—石楼、纳林河—米脂北3个千亿方储量阵地,年产量达1.2×1010 m3,储量和产量较2022年分别增长49%和11%[5-6]。随着勘探开发实践的深入,业界普遍发现深部煤层气与传统煤层气存在较大差异[7-9],具有“三高一低”的典型特征(高温、高压、高应力、低渗),展现出“高含气、吸附气-游离气共存、煤体结构好、水平应力差异系数小、见气上产快、高应力低渗、强塑性”等地质特征[10-11]。不同学者根据不同地区、不同地质特征[12-13],给出了深部煤层气、深层煤层气和煤岩气等不同的定义,其埋深下限介于1 000~2 000 m[14-22]。尽管定义本身在深度下限上有所差异,但关注的核心在于深部复杂地质条件下气-水-岩相互作用机制的变化[23-25]。研究区主要包括山西地区的延川南区块和晋中区块,从勘探开发效果上来看,2个区块均具有深部煤层气效益开发的巨大潜力。延川南区块是国内首个投入商业开发的中深部煤层气田,该区块下二叠统山西组2号煤层平均埋深为1 280 m。2021年,中国石化在该区域采用“大规模、大排量、连续加砂”有效支撑压裂工艺实施开发调整井,直井日产气量达0.8×104~2.2×104 m3,水平井日产气量达2.5×104~5.5×104 m3。2023年,晋中区块深部煤层气取得重大突破,探井试获日产气1.3×104 m3,其主力层位为太原组,埋深多大于1 500 m。姚红生等[26]依据延川南区块不同构造单元的地质特征差异和勘探开发实践,将深部煤层气的埋深下限定义为1 000 m,研究也按此下限作为选择研究对象的标准。
延川南区块目前的研究进展主要聚焦于构造控气机理与开发模式创新:周立春等[27]通过构造演化方面的研究,揭示了该区内北东向断裂系统形成“断-褶”复合控气格局;高玉巧等[28]根据气井及开发效果,明确产能受“构造、水动力、煤体结构”3个因素控制;姚红生等[10]在勘探开发实践中形成了“有效支撑”理念及创新实践。晋中区块目前勘探开发程度较低,研究进展主要集中在气藏地质特征、有利区带预测与工艺适配性等方面:王博[29]通过构造模拟实验和地震解释,认为该区成藏的有利区带在榆社斜坡构造带上;常辉[30]描述了晋中区块基本地质特征,认为其具有较好的煤层气勘探开发潜力;郑永旺等[5]开展深层高阶煤层CO2吸附解吸特征研究实验,明确了深层高阶煤层气开展CO2-ECBM具备大幅提高采收率的可行性。前人研究成果表明,延川南区块和晋中区块均具有较大的勘探开发潜力,持续开展储集空间特征及其影响因素研究,对于进一步研究煤层气吸附解吸规律和制定开发压裂方案至关重要。因此,以山西地区二叠系山西组和太原组煤岩为研究对象,通过光学显微拼图、场发射电镜和高压压汞-低温N₂/CO₂吸附联测技术,系统表征深部煤储层孔隙-裂隙空间类型及全孔径分布特征,同时结合煤岩组分、煤体结构及含气性测试数据,揭示煤岩孔隙-裂隙发育的主控因素及其对含气性的影响,旨在为该区煤层气地质评价及开发方法制定提供依据与技术支撑。
延川南区块构造上位于鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘,主要目的层位为二叠系山西组2号煤层[31-32]。研究区2号煤层厚度介于2.70~7.50 m,平均厚度为5.03 m,总体上由东南至西北逐渐变薄。东南部厚度超过6 m,西北及东北部小于3 m。受成煤时期沉积相控制,区块中部—南部形成多个聚煤中心,厚度超过5 m。2号煤层局部分岔,一般小于3个分层。自北西至南东方向(即由三角洲平原向三角洲前缘相区过渡),分岔层数有增多的趋势[33-34]。未分岔煤层分布在区块西部,二分层煤区域分布在区块中东部,三分层出现在东部边界附近。在未分岔区域,2号煤层厚度由北向南逐渐变薄,变化较大,煤层厚度最薄处仅为3.90 m,最厚处可达6.90 m。基于煤心现场解吸数据,2号煤层含气量分布在6.1~20.4 m3/t之间,平均10.13 m3/t,多数煤层气井大于8 m3/t。受煤层埋深的影响,该煤层含气量在东南部较低,大多小于4 m3/t。整体上,以中部断裂带为界形成西部以Y3井为中心、东部以Y1井为中心的2个煤层气富集区。其中,西部Y3井煤层含气量最高可达20.8 m3/t,属于中高含气量地区;东部Y1井区最高达20 m3/t,位于谭坪缓坡带附近。延川南区块整体呈向西倾斜的单斜构造,2号煤层埋深东部多为300~400 m,向中部过渡为800~900 m,西部煤层埋深超1 200 m。
晋中区块构造上位于沁水盆地中部沁源—榆社构造带Ⅱ级构造单元,自西向东依次发育来远凸起、漳源—沁源凹陷、榆社—武乡凹陷、娘子关单斜4个Ⅲ级构造单元,该研究区隶属于漳源—沁源凹陷和榆社—武乡凹陷2个Ⅲ级构造单元[5,30]。研究区内含煤层系包括石炭系太原组和二叠系山西组,主力含煤层系为石炭系太原组15号煤。太原组沉积时期处于潮坪—潟湖—障壁砂坝沉积环境,发育灰色泥岩、粉砂质泥岩夹灰岩与煤层。底部为泥岩夹15号煤沉积,中部为3套灰岩与泥岩、薄煤层互层(11~14号煤层),上部为泥岩夹煤层(6~9号煤)。15号煤层受沉积控制,煤层具有东厚西薄的特征,东部厚4~7 m。榆社构造带为倾向南东单斜,地层倾角3°~8°;煤层埋深1 800~2 400 m,微幅褶曲、小断层发育;武乡构造带整体表现为背斜、向斜相间分布特征,地层倾角4°~25°,煤层埋深1 500~1 900 m。榆社—武乡凹陷主力煤层15号煤层具有厚度大、分布稳定、结构简单的特点,东北部榆社构造带15号煤层厚度介于4.0~7.7 m,往西南方向逐步分叉减薄至尖灭,西部煤层中夹层发育,东部基本不含夹层;武乡构造带15号煤层厚度介于4.9~5.8 m,煤层中不含夹层。
从地质特征来看,延川南区块西部山西组2号煤层具有典型的深部煤层气特征,样品主要取自Y3井区2号煤的钻井煤心。Y3井2号煤层厚度为4.5 m,按照0.5 m的取样间隔,取样9块。煤岩组分以光亮煤和半亮煤为主。前人研究表明,延川南区块各煤层煤岩显微组分均以镜质组为主(70%~82%),其次为惰质组(10%~25%),壳质组极少(1%~5%)[31]。研究区西部2号煤层镜质组含量垂向变化不大,惰质组、壳质组含量有一定变化,其中Y3井区2号煤层惰质组含量从底板向顶板逐渐增大,壳质组含量从底板向顶板呈现出先减小后增大的趋势。煤岩结构以原生结构、碎裂结构为主(图2a—图2b),局部可见碎粒结构和糜棱结构,多位于局部断裂带附近[25]。晋中区块的样品则主要选自榆社构造带J1井和武乡构造带J2井太原组15号煤层的钻井煤心。J1井15号煤层厚度为5.4 m,J2井15号煤层厚度为5.8 m,按照0.5 m的取样间隔,分别取样11块和12块。煤岩组分以半亮和半暗煤为主,具有高镜质组含量、低灰分含量的特点。其中镜质组体积分数介于79.8%~97.2%,平均为87.5%;灰分质量分数介于6.7%~14.8%,平均为9.55%。煤岩结构相对完整,以原生结构、碎裂结构为主(图2c—图2d),武乡构造带的局部地区可见碎粒结构。
实验分析工作由中国石化华东油气分公司实验研究中心完成,针对煤心分别开展了煤岩现场含气量、宏观描述、矿物组成、显微组分、煤岩物性、煤岩微观孔隙结构等实验分析项目。煤岩含气量测试在取心现场完成,涉及Y3井、J1井和J2井,实验过程遵循中华人民共和国国家标准《煤层气含量测定方法》(GB/T 19559—2021),采用仪器为自研的NCM系列含气量测试仪,煤岩其他分析测试在室内实验室完成。宏观描述重点观察了煤岩组分、煤体结构和煤岩类型。采用日本理学Ultima IV组合型多功能水平X射线衍射仪对32块样品的矿物组成进行了定量分析,实验过程遵循中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准《沉积岩中黏土矿物和常见非黏土矿物X射线衍射分析方法》(SY/T 5163—2018)。采用德国蔡司MY9000偏光荧光显微镜对16块样品的显微组分进行了统计分析,实验过程遵循中华人民共和国国家标准《煤的显微组分和矿物测定方法》(GB/T 8899—2013)。采用美国岩心公司PoroPDP-200覆压孔隙度渗透率测试仪对32块煤岩样品进行了物性测试,实验过程遵循中华人民共和国国家标准《岩石渗透率测定方法》(GB/T 29172—2012)。采用国产麦特微SD3000A显微镜及步进电机对16块样品进行了反射光大面积图像拼接。实验使用5倍物镜和10倍目镜,根据每块样品大小,每块拼图张数为800~1 200张,图像处理软件为SD Power Mosaic,重点分析了煤岩裂隙和孔隙的分布、形态和类型。采用德国蔡司SIGMA热场发射扫描电子显微镜对16块煤岩样品进行了微观孔隙结构观察,重点分析了煤岩纳米级基质孔隙特征。采用美国麦克ASAP2020全自动比表面积及微孔物理吸附分析仪和AUTO PORE Ⅳ 9520压汞仪对16块煤岩样品进行了CO2吸附、N2吸附和压汞实验,联合测试得到了煤心的全尺度孔径分布特征。
煤岩显微组分及X射线衍射全岩分析结果表明:2个区块煤岩主要由有机组分和无机组分组成,有机组分的体积分数介于65%~80%,平均值为73%,无机组分的体积分数介于15%~35%,平均值为27%。有机组分以镜质组和惰质组为主,无机组分以黏土矿物为主,还包含有少量的碳酸盐矿物、黄铁矿、石英、长石等。延川南区块2号煤层有机组分体积分数平均值为76.3%,其中镜质组的体积分数为69.8%,惰质组的体积分数为6.5%,无机组分的体积分数平均值为23.7%,碳酸盐矿物的体积分数为3.0%。晋中区块15号煤有机组分的体积分数平均值为76.1%,其中镜质组体积分数为63.5%,惰质组体积分数为12.6%,无机组分体积分数平均值为23.9%,碳酸盐矿物的体积分数为1.1%(图3)。2个区块有机组分和无机组分总量基本相当,但延川南区块镜质组的体积分数高,晋中区块惰质组的体积分数更高。
对延川南区块山西组2号煤和晋中区块太原组15号煤的煤岩光片图像进行总结分析,其主要的储集空间可分为孔隙和裂隙两大类,其中孔隙根据成因可细分为胞腔孔、气孔、粒间孔、黏土矿物晶间孔、黄铁矿晶间孔和溶蚀孔等6个亚类。裂隙根据成因可细分为割理缝、层理缝和构造缝等3个亚类(表1)。
对延川南区块山西组2号煤心的煤岩光片进行了反射光大面积图像拼接,从图像上来看,2号煤显微组分以镜质组为主,其次为惰质组,壳质组的含量极低,局部还可见少量的结核状黄铁矿(图4a)。镜质组中大部分为无结构镜质体中的均质镜质体,光学显微镜下看表面纯净光滑,孔隙较少(图4a),扫描电镜下观察到普遍存在纳米级的圆形气孔(图4e);其次为无结构镜质体中的基质镜质体,大量基质镜质体胶结了其他有机质碎片和黏土矿物,这些有机质碎片、黏土矿物和基质镜质体间可见大量微纳米级粒间孔(图4b);局部可见结构镜质体胞腔孔发育(图4c);惰质组中组分主要为丝质体和半丝质体,表面保存了较好的植物细胞结构,形成的胞腔孔是煤心的原生孔隙之一,其次可见惰质组中的粗粒体,表面胞腔孔也极为发育(图4d)。煤心整体裂隙发育程度一般,光学显微镜下可见随机分布的少量微米级割理缝和构造缝(图4a),扫描电镜观察微裂隙零星分布(图4f)。因此,延川南区块山西组2号煤层的储集空间类型主要以气孔和胞腔孔为主,其次为粒间孔,另发育有少量的割理缝、构造缝和黄铁矿晶间孔(图4g)。
相对于延川南区块2号煤,晋中区块太原组15号煤储集空间特征有明显的区别。从图像上来看,太原组15号煤表面纯净光滑的均质镜质体含量明显更少,惰质组的丝质体和半丝质体以及混合有机质碎片和黏土矿物的基质镜质体含量明显更多(图5a),丝质体和半丝质体表面可见大量的胞腔孔,孔径可达数十甚至是数百微米(图5b—图5d);基质镜质体表面的粒间孔和气孔也极为发育,孔径多为数十微米(图5e—图5f),扫描电镜下可观察到大量纳米级的气孔(图5g)。除此之外,太原组15号煤裂隙更为发育,大量割理缝和构造缝广泛分布,将孔隙连接形成了更为复杂的孔隙-裂隙网络(图5a),扫描电镜下也观察到微裂隙(图5h)。因此,晋中区块太原组15号煤层的储集空间类型主要为割理缝、构造缝,其次为胞腔孔、气孔和粒间孔,少量层理缝、黏土矿物晶间孔。
CO2吸附、N2吸附和压汞实验联测实验的结果表明,延川南区块2号煤和晋中区块15号煤均具有“两端发育”的孔径分布特征,即小于2 nm的微孔占比最高,其次为大于10 000 nm的大孔,中间部分2个区块的孔径体积占比基本相当,不同的是,晋中区块15号煤微孔比例更高,可达51.5%,延川南区块2号煤微孔比例为42.9%;延川南区块2号煤大于10 000 nm的孔隙-裂隙占比更高,可达41.7%,晋中区块15号煤大于10 000 nm的孔隙-裂隙占比为33.3%(图6)。
对2个区块煤岩光片反射光大面积拼图照片进行图像处理,延川南区块Y3井山西组2号煤面孔率为1.42%,裂隙开度平均为86.52 μm,裂隙发育密度平均为1.32 条/cm2(图7a),晋中区块J1井太原组15号煤面孔率为3.20%,裂隙开度平均为62.57 μm,裂隙发育密度平均为6.61 条/cm2(图7b)。延川南区块2号煤裂隙发育程度更低,面孔率和裂隙发育密度明显小于晋中区块15号煤,裂隙缝宽主要集中在85~95 μm区间。晋中区块15号煤裂隙系统更发育,尤其是大量垂直于层理方向的割理缝极为发育,形成了更为复杂的孔隙-裂隙网络,缝宽范围可从最小小于50 μm直至最大大于100 μm,缝宽小于75 μm的裂隙占比可达41.4%(图7c)。
煤岩现场含气量测试结果表明:延川南区块Y3井总含气量为19.50 cm3/g,吸附气含量为18.32 cm3/g,游离气含量为1.18 cm3/g(图8a),吸附气比例为94%,游离气比例为6%(图8b)。晋中区块总含气量和游离气比例更高,其中J1井总含气量为26.03 cm3/g,吸附气含量为22.35 cm3/g,游离气含量为3.68 cm3/g(图8a),吸附气比例为86%,游离气比例为14%(图8b);J2井总含气量为27.50 cm3/g,吸附气含量为23.92 cm3/g,游离气含量为3.58 cm3/g(图8a),吸附气比例为87%,游离气比例为13%(图8b)。
从煤岩光片的光学显微镜和电子显微镜图像上来看,不同煤岩显微亚组分表面,孔隙发育类型和程度均有明显的差异。2个区块煤岩中,镜质组主要包括均质镜质体和基质镜质体。其中,均质镜质体大多表面纯净光滑,几乎不发育孔隙,局部可见少量微裂缝,对储集空间贡献有限(图9a);基质镜质体在生烃过程中形成圆形的气孔,在凝胶化过程中常包裹有黏土矿物、有机碎屑等,由成岩作用或生烃作用还会形成大量粒间孔,相对于胞腔孔,粒间孔孔径更小,从纳米级至微米级均有(表1)。惰质组主要包括丝质体、半丝质体和粗粒体:丝质体和半丝质体占主要部分,大多保留有原始母质的组织结构,表面大量有机组分细胞残余的胞腔孔,孔径大多可达数十至数百微米,是基质孔隙最主要的贡献者(图4c、图5b);粗粒体表面也发育有少量的胞腔孔,但由于含量较少,对整体影响较小(图9b)。无机组分整体占比相对较小,对储集空间的影响有限,主要体现在:黏土矿物平均含量约为15%,多以填充或胶结形式存在于胞腔、裂隙内,发育有黏土矿物晶间孔(图9c),对储集空间有一定贡献;碳酸盐矿物表面发育有少量溶蚀孔,黄铁矿晶间发育有晶间孔,二者含量较少,对储集空间贡献有限(表1)。由于不同组分表面孔隙发育类型和程度均有较大差异,2个区块煤岩组成特征直接决定了其孔隙发育特征。延川南区块和晋中区块有机组分总含量基本相当,但显微亚组分存在差异。延川南区块2号煤层镜质组含量更高,镜质组生烃潜力更强,表面形成的气孔更多,而晋中区块15号煤惰质组含量更高,丝质体或半丝质体表面的胞腔孔更多。除此之外,延川南区块2号煤无机组分中碳酸盐矿物含量更高,碳酸盐矿物表面的溶蚀孔更多(图9d)。因此,煤岩孔隙发育类型和程度主要受煤岩组成的影响。
裂隙系统是煤岩相对于砂岩、页岩等其他储层差异最明显的结构特征,常将煤岩切割成若干个立方基质块,每个基质块经裂隙系统联通起来,成为煤岩储层最主要的储集空间和渗流通道。前人关于煤岩裂隙类型有多种划分方案,按成因可分为内生裂隙和外生裂隙,按力学性质可分为张裂隙和剪裂隙,按与层理的关系可分为垂直裂隙、斜交裂隙和顺层裂隙,按规模可分为宏观裂隙和微观裂缝[46-47]。2个研究区裂隙的划分主要按照成因进行,主要包括内生裂隙的割理缝、层理缝、外生裂隙的构造缝。内生裂隙中割理缝的发育主要受煤岩的成岩作用及上覆地层的静岩压力,与煤岩的热演化程度和埋深有关;层理缝更多与沉积环境相关,仅在部分煤岩中可见,不是储集空间的主要贡献者。外生裂隙的发育主要是由构造作用或其他应力导致煤岩的破裂而形成,与构造活动密切相关[45]。造成2个区块煤岩裂隙系统具有明显差异的主要原因是成岩作用及埋深。从煤岩组成来看,2个区块有机组分和无机组分基本相当,主要区别在于镜质组和惰质组含量的差异,延川南区块2号煤镜质组含量更高,从镜质组本身的力学性质来看,镜质组更易发生脆性变形,易发生破裂而形成裂隙,但从实际的显微结构中来看,含有更低镜质组含量的晋中区块15号煤却发育有更多的裂隙,因此,煤岩组成不是造成研究区煤岩裂隙系统差异的主要原因。从煤岩成熟度来看,延川南区块2号煤成熟度介于2.50%~2.53%,平均值为2.52%,晋中区块15号煤成熟度Ro介于2.31%~2.98%,平均值为2.59%,晋中区块15号煤整体略高一些,值得一提的是图7b中晋中区块J1井这块样品的成熟度Ro达到2.98%,明显高于延川南区块2号煤,晋中区块15号煤处于成岩阶段的晚期。同时,样品深度达到1891.40 m,由上覆地层的静岩压力导致产生了大量垂直于层理面的短小割理缝,样品右侧甚至可见缝宽超过100 μm的裂隙,因此,更深的埋深对煤岩的裂隙发育有较大的影响。
延川南区块2号煤层和晋中区块15号煤层的显微结构特征表明,2个区块煤岩的储集空间是由基质孔隙和裂隙系统共同构成,基质孔隙为煤层气储存提供了大量空间,对孔隙度贡献较大;而裂隙系统则将基质孔隙联通起来,成为煤层气渗流的主要通道,对渗透率的贡献极大。因而,煤岩的孔隙-裂隙结构对煤层气的吸附解吸特征有着重要的影响。基质孔隙中孔径大小的分布情况,直接影响了煤岩比表面积和吸附能力,进而影响了煤层气的吸附特征;裂隙系统的复杂程度,直接影响了煤层气在煤岩中的渗流能力,进而影响了煤层气的解吸行为;煤岩的等温吸附及现场解吸速率曲线即是上述二者的综合表现。
值得一提的是,由于孔径分布特征表征的是各孔径范围的相对百分含量,从实测的孔隙度数据上来看,晋中区块15号煤的孔隙-裂隙发育程度明显高于延川南区块2号煤,晋中区块15号煤的孔隙度平均值为8.99%,延川南区块2号煤的孔隙度则仅为3.76%。从CO2吸附的比表面积结果上,更能反映这一特点,延川南区块2号煤比表面积介于84.5~110.1 m2/g,平均值为96.9 m2/g,而晋中区块15号煤比表面积介于147.1~173.1 m2/g,平均值高达158.5 m2/g,说明晋中区块大量发育的微孔提供了大量的表面积,这一特征极大地影响了煤岩等温吸附特征,从比表面积和吸附量的相关性图可以进一步证实,比表面积和吸附量具有明显的正相关性,微孔发育的结构对煤岩吸附性有更大的影响。从等温吸附曲线上来看,晋中区块15号煤在初始压力端吸附量极大,在压力达到5 MPa时,已基本吸附了超过最大吸附量的80%的CH4,而延川南区块2号煤的等温吸附曲线则平缓得多。对等温吸附曲线曲率进行一阶求导,吸附量增幅和增速发生转折所对应的压力为敏感解吸压力[47-48],计算得到的延川南区块Y3井敏感解吸压力为3.06 MPa,晋中区块J1井为2.18 MPa,J2井为2.46 MPa(图10a)。从现场煤心含气量测试的解吸速率曲线上来看,晋中区块15号煤的解吸速率更快,图10b中J1井、J2井和Y3井3块样品的含气量分别为28.99 cm3/g、23.82 cm3/g和17.27 cm3/g,尽管总含气量值有差距,但晋中区块15号煤的最大解吸速率是延川南区块2号煤的近5倍,这与晋中区块15号煤大量发育的裂隙系统密切相关。与等温吸附实验的结果不同,由于等温吸附实验采用的粉末样品,更多的是评价煤岩基质部分的吸附能力,影响其特征的主要因素为基质孔隙及其孔径分布特征,而现场含气量测试则是煤心整个孔隙-裂隙系统渗流能力的综合反映,其中裂隙系统对渗流能力的影响最大。
鉴于2个区块在气藏工程特征与储层孔隙-裂隙结构的差异,基于孔隙-裂隙耦合机制,二者在开发策略上应各有侧重点,其指导思想为“延川南造缝促解吸、晋中区控缝稳渗流”。针对延川南区块山西组2号煤这类以基质孔隙主导、吸附气稳定解吸(敏感解吸压力为3.06 MPa)的储层特征,建议采用“增大压裂规模、提高造缝效果、快排降压生产”的开发方案,通过提升前置液量实现扩展缝长的复杂缝网构建,结合阶梯式快速降压制度(初期日降压介于0.15~0.20 MPa),有效激活微孔系统的吸附气解吸边界[6]。而针对晋中区块太原组15号煤这类裂隙-孔隙复合型的煤层气储层,宏观裂隙密度大,前期解吸速率高,但后续解吸气补充不足(敏感解吸压力介于2.18~2.46 MPa),建议采用“提高波及范围、大砂量远支撑、控压生产”的开发方案,采用大粒径陶粒配合大砂量实现远场支撑,同步实施储层压力闭环调控,既保障宏观裂隙系统的导流能力,又维持微孔系统的持续解吸动力。
1) 延川南区块山西组2号煤是以基质孔隙为主导、吸附气稳定解吸(吸附气比例为94%)的煤层气储层,储集空间以气孔和胞腔孔为主,次为粒间孔,发育少量割理缝、构造缝和黄铁矿晶间孔。晋中区块15号煤则是裂隙-孔隙复合、前期解吸速率快(游离气比例为14%)的煤层气储层,储集空间以割理缝、构造缝为主,次为胞腔孔等,发育少量层理缝和黏土矿物晶间孔。
2) 煤岩储集空间差异主因包括煤岩组分、煤体结构及构造运动。孔隙类型受控于煤岩组分:基质镜质体发育气孔与粒间孔,丝质体类多形成胞腔孔,黏土矿物则产生晶间孔;裂隙系统受煤体结构与构造作用共同影响:内生割理缝受成岩作用及埋深控制,外生构造缝源于构造活动,层理缝与沉积环境相关但贡献小。
3) 煤岩的孔隙-裂隙结构对煤层气的吸附解吸特征有着重要的影响。基质孔隙中孔径大小的分布情况,直接影响了煤岩比表面积和吸附能力,进而影响了煤层气的吸附特征;裂隙系统的复杂程度,直接影响了煤层气在煤岩中的渗流能力,进而影响了煤层气的解吸行为。
4) 基于孔隙-裂隙耦合机制,延川南区块和晋中区块的开发策略应遵循“延川南造缝促解吸、晋中区控缝稳渗流”的指导思想。其中延川南山西组2号煤建议以“增大压裂规模、提高造缝效果、快排降压生产”的开发方案,有助于高产。晋中太原组15号煤建议以“提高波及范围、大砂量远支撑、控压生产”的开发方案,有助于稳产。

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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2025028
  • 接收时间:2025-04-03
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-03-26
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-03
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    1 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院,江苏   南京   210019
    2 中国石化深层煤层气勘探开发重点实验室,江苏   南京 210019
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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