Article(id=1322941839145313053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941491332657306, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250093, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1782576000000, receivedDateStr=2026-06-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343513522, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1795622400000, pubDateStr=2026-11-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343513522, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343513522, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343513522, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941491332657306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='6', pageStart='1137', pageEnd='1368', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1795622400000', pubDateStr='2026-11-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343430598, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344116766, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944369447285513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941491332657306, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944369447285514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941491332657306, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1264, endPage=1271, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322941841271825184, articleId=1322941839145313053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Study on microscopic characteristics of shale under thermal effects and their application: a case study of Longmaxi Formation in southern Sichuan Basin, columnId=1322941494130258079, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Exploration, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Temperature is a critical factor influencing shale properties. In core analysis, appropriate temperatures are required for drying samples during pretreatment. To clarify the damage mechanisms and processes in shale under thermal effects, this study selected multiple sets of deep shale reservoir core samples from the Longmaxi Formation in the southern Sichuan Basin. Rock pyrolysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), argon ion polishing-scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nitrogen adsorption, and helium porosimetry were employed to investigate mineral composition, organic matter components, pore structures (including pore and fracture types and pore size distributions), and reservoir physical properties (such as porosity). Based on these results, the variation patterns of microscopic characteristics in shale across different temperature intervals were summarized. Considering the requirements for experimental efficiency and data accuracy in core analysis, along with the conditions required for water removal from shale, a recommended sample drying temperature was proposed. The results showed that: (1) when the temperature was below 300 ℃, movable water below 105 ℃, capillary-bound water within the temperature range of 60 ℃ to below 105 ℃, and film-bound water above 150 ℃ were gradually removed as temperature increased. Pore volume increased, whereas grain volume decreased accordingly, but there were no significant changes in mineral composition, organic matter, pore and fracture types, or pore morphology, indicating that the shale remained at a thermally stable state. (2) When the temperature was not lower than 300 ℃, organic matter, dolomite, and calcite successively underwent thermal decomposition, and structural water above 400 ℃ continued to be removed, indicating that the shale entered a thermally damaged state with irreversible changes in rock framework and pore structure. (3) Prior to core analysis, it is essential to efficiently and non-destructively remove moisture that may interfere with experiments. A drying temperature of 105 ℃ to less than 150 ℃ is recommended for the deep shale samples from the Longmaxi Formation in the southern Sichuan Basin. An excessively low drying temperature leads to a significant underestimation of shale porosity, directly affecting estimates of proved geological reserves using a static method. Appropriately increasing the drying temperature can effectively enhance the drying rate.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=JIANQIAO WENG1, 2, SIYUAN HE2, 3, JING LIN2, 3, XIAWEI LI2, 3, LU JIANG2, 3, XIANG XU4, GUOPING LIU5, authorsList=JIANQIAO WENG, SIYUAN HE, JING LIN, XIAWEI LI, LU JIANG, XIANG XU, GUOPING LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=GUOPING LIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322941850469933884, articleId=1322941839145313053, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=温度作用下页岩微观特征研究及应用, columnId=1322941494327390371, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气勘探, runingTitle=null, highlight=

温度是影响页岩特性的重要因素,岩心分析工作中需要用适宜的温度对样品进行烘干前处理。为明确温度作用下页岩损伤机理和过程,本文选取四川盆地南部地区(以下简称川南地区)龙马溪组多组深层页岩储层岩心样品,运用岩石热解、X射线衍射、氩离子抛光-扫描电镜、氮气吸附和氦气法孔隙度等实验分析技术,分别对样品的矿物成分、有机质组成,孔隙与裂缝类型、孔径分布等孔隙结构,以及孔隙度等储层物性特征开展研究,进一步总结不同温度区间对应的页岩微观特征变化规律。从岩心分析实验速率和数据精度需求出发,结合页岩中水分的脱除条件,提出样品的推荐烘干温度。结果表明:①当温度低于300 ℃时,随温度升高,可动水(低于105 ℃)、毛管束缚水(60~<105 ℃)和水膜束缚水(不低于150 ℃)逐渐脱除,孔隙体积和颗粒体积相应增减,但页岩矿物组分、有机质和孔缝类型、孔隙形态均无明显变化,整体处于热稳定状态;②当温度不低于300 ℃时,有机质、白云石和方解石先后受热分解,结构水(高于400 ℃)持续脱除,页岩处于热损伤状态,其岩石骨架和孔隙结构发生不可逆变化;③岩心分析前需要高效无损去除干扰实验的水分,推荐在105~<150 ℃时烘干川南地区龙马溪组深层页岩样品,烘干温度过低将导致孔隙度被明显低估,直接影响静态法探明地质储量计算结果,适当提高温度可有效提升烘干速率。

, articleAbstract=null, authors=翁剑桥1, 2, 何思源2, 3, 林静2, 3, 李夏伟2, 3, 江潞2, 3, 徐翔4, 刘国平5, authorsList=翁剑桥, 何思源, 林静, 李夏伟, 江潞, 徐翔, 刘国平, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=刘国平, authorNote=

翁剑桥(1990—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事非常规油气地质评价等方面研究工作。地址:四川省成都市青羊区青华路38号四川省地质调查研究院,邮政编码:610072。E-mail:

, correspAuthorsNote=
刘国平(1989—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事非常规储层天然裂缝形成机理及表征预测、储层评价等方面研究工作。地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,邮政编码:100083。E-mail:
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翁剑桥(1990—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事非常规油气地质评价等方面研究工作。地址:四川省成都市青羊区青华路38号四川省地质调查研究院,邮政编码:610072。E-mail:

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翁剑桥(1990—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事非常规油气地质评价等方面研究工作。地址:四川省成都市青羊区青华路38号四川省地质调查研究院,邮政编码:610072。E-mail:

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Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021, 48(4): 798-812., articleTitle=Formation, preservation and connectivity control of organic pores in shale, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322941885936968676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=34, issue=5, pageStart=820, pageEnd=825, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=67, authorNames=胡海燕, journalName=石油学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=胡海燕. 富有机质Woodford页岩孔隙演化的热模拟实验[J]. 石油学报, 2013, 34(5): 820-825., articleTitle=富有机质Woodford页岩孔隙演化的热模拟实验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322941886037631973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=34, issue=5, pageStart=820, pageEnd=825, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=68, authorNames=Hu Haiyan, journalName=Acta Petrolei Sinica, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hu Haiyan. Porosity evolution of the organic-rich shale with thermal maturity increasing[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34(5): 820-825., articleTitle=Porosity evolution of the organic-rich shale with thermal maturity increasing, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322941886134100966, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=31, issue=10, pageStart=10404, pageEnd=10413, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=69, authorNames=Geng Y D, Liang W G, Liu J, journalName=Energy & Fuels, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Geng Y D, Liang W G, Liu J, et al. Evolution of pore and fracture structure of oil shale under high temperature and high pressure[J]. Energy & Fuels, 2017, 31(10): 10404-10413., articleTitle=Evolution of pore and fracture structure of oil shale under high temperature and high pressure, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322941886222181352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=5, pageStart=20, pageEnd=29, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=70, authorNames=周尚文, 董大忠, 张介辉, journalName=天然气工业, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周尚文, 董大忠, 张介辉, 等. 页岩气储层孔隙度测试方法关键参数优化[J]. 天然气工业, 2021, 41(5): 20-29., articleTitle=页岩气储层孔隙度测试方法关键参数优化, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322941886306067433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=41, issue=5, pageStart=20, pageEnd=29, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=71, authorNames=Zhou Shangwen, Dong Dazhong, Zhang Jiehui, journalName=Natural Gas Industry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhou Shangwen, Dong Dazhong, Zhang Jiehui, et al. Optimization of key parameters for porosity measurement of shale gas reservoirs[J]. 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(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941852160238413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, companyId=1322941852135072587, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5 中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,北京 海淀 100083)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322941863442916234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Tectonic zonation of Sichuan Basin and structural location of southern Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=ge+I4pjVBQyfL3tvcivAxw==, figureFileBig=pOAp90dRHooVA2Bgh/ZF4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941863887512459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=CN, label=图1, caption=四川盆地构造区划及川南地区构造位置, figureFileSmall=ge+I4pjVBQyfL3tvcivAxw==, figureFileBig=pOAp90dRHooVA2Bgh/ZF4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941864369857420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Variation curves of pore volume with drying temperature, figureFileSmall=LKclaGUNGortSARfg3DB0A==, figureFileBig=mH6CAQBt1X3HroMzQoErlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941864697013133, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=CN, label=图2, caption=孔隙体积随烘干温度变化曲线, figureFileSmall=LKclaGUNGortSARfg3DB0A==, figureFileBig=mH6CAQBt1X3HroMzQoErlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941864848008078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Variation curves of grain volume with drying temperature, figureFileSmall=RP3HAaPgJElMBfYrTND8lw==, figureFileBig=uktupo/Fv2KMKKCoa+ehuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941864923505551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=CN, label=图3, caption=颗粒体积随烘干温度变化曲线, figureFileSmall=RP3HAaPgJElMBfYrTND8lw==, figureFileBig=uktupo/Fv2KMKKCoa+ehuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941865003197328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Pore and fracture types and and characteristics of deep shale from Longmaxi Formation, southern Sichuan Basin, figureFileSmall=N0koYBr0hyJ3Hoackeliiw==, figureFileBig=TbpzHyqMVfrU/syIl6aXIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941865175163793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=CN, label=图4, caption=川南地区龙马溪组深层页岩孔缝类型及特征

注:a为粒内孔,60 ℃烘干;b为粒内孔,105 ℃烘干;c为粒内孔,150 ℃烘干;d为粒内孔,210 ℃烘干;e为溶蚀孔,60 ℃烘干;f为溶蚀孔,105 ℃烘干;g为溶蚀孔,150 ℃烘干;h为溶蚀孔,210 ℃烘干;i为晶间孔,60 ℃烘干;j为晶间孔,105 ℃烘干;k为晶间孔,150 ℃烘干;l为晶间孔,210 ℃烘干;m为粒间微孔,60 ℃烘干;n为粒间微孔,105 ℃烘干;o为粒间微孔,150 ℃烘干;p为粒间微孔,210 ℃烘干;q为有机质孔,60 ℃烘干;r为有机质孔,105 ℃烘干;s为有机质孔,150 ℃烘干;t为有机质孔,210 ℃烘干;u为溶蚀孔和粒缘缝,60 ℃烘干;v为溶蚀孔和粒缘缝,105 ℃烘干;w为溶蚀孔和粒缘缝,150 ℃烘干;x为溶蚀孔和粒缘缝,210 ℃烘干;y为溶蚀孔和粒内裂缝,60 ℃烘干;z为溶蚀孔和粒内裂缝,105 ℃烘干;aa为溶蚀孔和粒内裂缝,150 ℃烘干;ab为溶蚀孔和粒内裂缝,210 ℃烘干。

, figureFileSmall=N0koYBr0hyJ3Hoackeliiw==, figureFileBig=TbpzHyqMVfrU/syIl6aXIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941865233884050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Nitrogen adsorption isotherms at different drying temperatures, figureFileSmall=30e8sBlrV03kYE/iJdlqHg==, figureFileBig=UxBLqUFwdph7QEOt8+yimg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941865540068243, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同温度烘干后的氮气吸附等温线

注:p为吸附平衡时的压力,单位MPa;p0为实验温度下氮气的饱和蒸汽压,单位MPa;STP表示标准状态下(273.15 K, 100 kPa)每克样品吸附的氮气体积。

, figureFileSmall=30e8sBlrV03kYE/iJdlqHg==, figureFileBig=UxBLqUFwdph7QEOt8+yimg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941865632342932, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Pore diameter distribution curves at different drying temperatures, figureFileSmall=Y4oI2Oh1a5tt3R1j12gKIQ==, figureFileBig=e2bticdxWKzlUHrmQSgthw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941865699451797, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同温度烘干后的孔径分布曲线, figureFileSmall=Y4oI2Oh1a5tt3R1j12gKIQ==, figureFileBig=e2bticdxWKzlUHrmQSgthw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941865967887254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Mass variation curves at different drying temperatures, figureFileSmall=8y8iJIsy7nt3qUxLHN9gTg==, figureFileBig=Rtmobiuf3hjrWEtfpOI3Qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941867523974039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同温度下的质量变化曲线, figureFileSmall=8y8iJIsy7nt3qUxLHN9gTg==, figureFileBig=Rtmobiuf3hjrWEtfpOI3Qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941867645608856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Changes in shale microscopic characteristics under thermal effects, figureFileSmall=ip62Uzbs2uaocaP3QWlGPQ==, figureFileBig=IgT4nn6M5zA1rHzSNdPbCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941867721106329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同温度作用下的页岩微观特征变化

注:黑色箭头向上表示体积或孔径增大,向下表示体积或孔径减小;黑灰色渐变条表示水分和矿物成分的含量逐渐减少。

, figureFileSmall=ip62Uzbs2uaocaP3QWlGPQ==, figureFileBig=IgT4nn6M5zA1rHzSNdPbCg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941867800798106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Variation curves of porosity at different drying temperatures, figureFileSmall=f7evOXUdPK76R2cMUWvqTQ==, figureFileBig=R153xDsTKSNfwjpHUHXyWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941868115370907, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同温度烘干后的孔隙度变化曲线, figureFileSmall=f7evOXUdPK76R2cMUWvqTQ==, figureFileBig=R153xDsTKSNfwjpHUHXyWQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941868178285468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Calculation results of geological reserves of shale gas in Well Y102 of Taiyang-Dazhai block,southern Sichuan Basin[39], figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
赋存状态面积/km2

有效厚度/

m

吸附气量/

(m3/t)

孔隙度/%

岩石密度/

(g/cm3)

含气

饱和度/%

偏差系数

体积换算

因子

地质储量/

108 m3

游离气159.9154.83.7257.30.004 35429.40
2.36272.42
吸附气159.9154.81.92.610.94462.30
), ArticleFig(id=1322941868262171549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941839145313053, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

四川盆地南部地区太阳—大寨区块阳102井区页岩气地质储量计算[39]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
赋存状态面积/km2

有效厚度/

m

吸附气量/

(m3/t)

孔隙度/%

岩石密度/

(g/cm3)

含气

饱和度/%

偏差系数

体积换算

因子

地质储量/

108 m3

游离气159.9154.83.7257.30.004 35429.40
2.36272.42
吸附气159.9154.81.92.610.94462.30
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温度作用下页岩微观特征研究及应用
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翁剑桥 1, 2 , 何思源 2, 3 , 林静 2, 3 , 李夏伟 2, 3 , 江潞 2, 3 , 徐翔 4 , 刘国平 5
油气藏评价与开发 | 油气勘探 2026,16(6): 1264-1271
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油气藏评价与开发 |油气勘探 2026 , 16 (6) : 1264 -1271
温度作用下页岩微观特征研究及应用
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翁剑桥(1990—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事非常规油气地质评价等方面研究工作。地址:四川省成都市青羊区青华路38号四川省地质调查研究院,邮政编码:610072。E-mail:

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翁剑桥(1990—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事非常规油气地质评价等方面研究工作。地址:四川省成都市青羊区青华路38号四川省地质调查研究院,邮政编码:610072。E-mail:

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翁剑桥1, 2 , 何思源2, 3, 林静2, 3, 李夏伟2, 3, 江潞2, 3, 徐翔4, 刘国平5
作者信息
  • 1 四川省地质调查研究院,四川   成都 610072
  • 2 页岩气地质评价与高效开发四川省重点实验室,四川   成都 610091
  • 3 四川省科源工程技术测试中心有限责任公司,四川   成都 610091
  • 4 湖南省地震局,湖南   长沙 410000
  • 5 中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,北京 海淀 100083
通讯作者:
刘国平(1989—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事非常规储层天然裂缝形成机理及表征预测、储层评价等方面研究工作。地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,邮政编码:100083。E-mail:
作者简介:

翁剑桥(1990—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事非常规油气地质评价等方面研究工作。地址:四川省成都市青羊区青华路38号四川省地质调查研究院,邮政编码:610072。E-mail:

Study on microscopic characteristics of shale under thermal effects and their application: a case study of Longmaxi Formation in southern Sichuan Basin
JIANQIAO WENG1, 2 , SIYUAN HE2, 3, JING LIN2, 3, XIAWEI LI2, 3, LU JIANG2, 3, XIANG XU4, GUOPING LIU5
Affiliations
  • 1 Sichuan Geological Survey and Research Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
  • 2 Shale Gas Geological Evaluation and Efficient Development Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan 610091, China
  • 3 Sichuan Keyuan Testing Center of Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610091, China
  • 4 Hunan Earthquake Agency, Changsha, Hunan 410000, China
  • 5 School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
出版时间: 2026-11-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250093
文章导航
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四川盆地  /  龙马溪组  /  页岩气  /  页岩储层  /  微观特征  /  温度影响  /  岩心分析  /  孔隙度
Sichuan Basin  /  Longmaxi Formation  /  shale gas  /  shale reservoirs  /  microscopic characteristics  /  thermal effects  /  core analysis  /  porosity
翁剑桥, 何思源, 林静, 李夏伟, 江潞, 徐翔, 刘国平. 温度作用下页岩微观特征研究及应用. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (6) : 1264 -1271 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250093
JIANQIAO WENG, SIYUAN HE, JING LIN, XIAWEI LI, LU JIANG, XIANG XU, GUOPING LIU. Study on microscopic characteristics of shale under thermal effects and their application: a case study of Longmaxi Formation in southern Sichuan Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (6) : 1264 -1271 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250093
页岩油气资源丰富、潜力巨大,对于保障国家能源资源安全意义重大。孔隙度、渗透率和饱和度等物性参数是表征页岩储层油气资源量和开采难易程度的关键指标,与增储上产成效密切相关[1-4]。岩心分析是储层物性研究的最直接手段,页岩储层相比常规砂岩储层具有低孔、低渗特征,物性实验面临更高要求[5-8]。现行中华人民共和国国家标准《页岩孔隙度、渗透率和饱和度测定》(GB/T 34533—2023)和能源行业标准《页岩气 覆压孔隙度测定 第1部分:气测法》(NB/T 11843.1—2025)均推荐根据地层温度选择60 ℃或105 ℃作为烘干温度,高效无损完成样品前处理,以获取真实准确的孔隙度等物性数据。
为明确高温对页岩的损伤机理,专家学者广泛开展研究工作,取得了一些认识。熊健等[9]研究页岩物理特性的变化规律,发现随着温度升高,页岩色调由黑变白,孔隙度、渗透率和声波衰减系数增大,声波时差、单轴抗压强度和弹性模量降低;余旭等[10]研究页岩微纳米孔隙结构的演化情况,指出温度升高可导致页岩有机质纳米孔减少,石英中出现复杂裂缝,碳酸盐矿物产生气孔,黏土矿物层间结构破坏,孔隙空间显著增加;王宇等[11]研究页岩热失重速率变化规律,认为页岩在高温下主要经历水分逸失、有机质热解、矿物转化和基本稳定等过程;周龙政等[12]聚焦泥页岩中存在的水分,按照赋存状态将其划分为4种不同类型,并调研归纳了不同类型水分的脱水温度;王磊等[13]研究温度对页岩孔隙结构的影响,认为高温下页岩中的有机质热解将显著提升孔隙度,沟通微小裂隙产生贯通的裂隙面;杨栋等[14]对页岩进行升温处理,并通过CT扫描图像进行观察描述,直观展示了高温导致的页岩热破裂现象。总体而言,目前针对页岩微观特征变化规律的研究更加关注200 ℃以上的高温范围,在中低温范围内设置温度点少,不够精细,也尚未总结出不同温度区间内页岩微观特征阶段性变化的整体规律。
本文以四川盆地南部地区(以下简称川南地区)龙马溪组深层页岩储层为例,设置递增的烘干温度序列,采用岩石热解、X射线衍射、氩离子抛光-扫描电镜、氮气吸附等手段,研究页岩微观特征随温度变化规律,结合页岩样品质量和孔隙度变化情况,总结并划分温度对页岩岩心的不同影响阶段。研究成果可为规范页岩岩心分析前处理步骤提供理论依据和数据支撑,提升页岩孔隙度等物性实验数据的真实性、准确性,推动深层页岩气勘探开发工作取得新进展。
四川盆地是中国重要的含油富气盆地,平面上分为6个二级单元,纵向上有多套泥页岩层系。川南地区位于川西南低缓断褶带和川南低陡断褶带(图1),上奥陶统五峰组和下志留统龙马溪组发育的海相深黑色页岩分布广、厚度大,区内五峰组—龙马溪组页岩气资源量近10×1012 m3[15-16],已建成多个页岩气田,在长宁、威远、昭通等区块实现了中浅层领域的规模开发,资源更加富集的深层领域则是当前和今后一段时间的勘探开发重点。
所有样品均来自川南地区龙马溪组深层页岩气探井连续取心段,深度介于3 800~4 000 m,按照一定间隔,在不同深度点采集8组龙马溪组页岩样品作为研究对象。
每组页岩在相邻位置分别钻取直径2.54 cm、长度约3 cm的柱塞样1件,用于孔隙度比对实验;切割2~4 mm大小的块状样1件,用于氩离子抛光-扫描电镜实验;磨制200目样品粉末和20~40目样品粉末若干用于X射线衍射实验、岩石热解实验和氮气吸附实验,完成样品制备工作。
用60 ℃烘干页岩样品,样品烘干过程中,用德国赛多利斯公司BSA423S电子天平每4 h称量样品质量,记录质量变化曲线,以连续两次测得质量变化小于0.2‰为恒重状态标准。样品恒重后,静置于干燥皿中冷却至室温,再开展实验分析。岩石热解实验选用200目粉末,在YQ-VIIA油气显示评价仪中按固定程序加热,通过专门的检测器监测烃类产物含量。孔隙度实验选择气测法,以氦气为介质最大程度饱和样品微孔[17-18],为避免因样品总体积测定精度不足导致的孔隙度测定误差偏大[19],在成都岩心科技有限公司PHI-220型孔渗仪中以双室法和单室法分别直接测定柱塞样的颗粒体积和孔隙体积,再计算样品孔隙度[20-21]。X射线衍射实验设备为荷兰帕纳科公司X'Pert Powder X射线衍射仪,选择200目样品粉末混合均匀装入模具内,使用背压法垂直均匀压紧成型,扫描获得全岩矿物谱图;加入蒸馏水后悬浮静置提取黏土,依次制备自然定向片、饱和乙二醇片和高温片,扫描获得黏土矿物谱图;通过对比矿物谱峰特征,测定全岩和黏土矿物成分,并根据谱峰面积计算矿物含量。氩离子抛光-扫描电镜实验先用砂纸打磨块状页岩样品至平整光滑,再用美国Gatan公司PECS Ⅱ精密离子刻蚀与镀膜系统进行氩离子抛光处理3 h,然后将抛光处理后的样品装入德国蔡司公司Sigma 300场发射扫描电镜,以聚焦电子束扫描样品,获取与电子束同步的高分辨率图像,观察样品矿物组分赋存状态和孔隙结构特征。氮气吸附实验选用20~40目粉末脱气冷却后装入美国麦克公司ASAP 2460比表面及孔径仪分析站,逐步增加氮气压力,在系列平衡压力点完成吸附和脱附测试,根据平衡压力和吸附量绘制吸附等温线,分析孔隙形态,以BJH(Barrett-Joyner-Halenda)模型表征孔径参数。
目前,页岩油气勘探开发的主要层系均在4 500 m以浅,将最高实验温度设置为210 ℃,该温度超过地层温度和国家标准、行业标准推荐的烘干温度上限。以15 ℃为间隔逐次升高温度,重复样品称重、氦气法孔隙度实验、X射线衍射实验、氩离子抛光-扫描电镜实验、氮气吸附实验流程,对比页岩样品烘干后的孔缝结构和物质成分特征,分析孔隙度和质量变化规律。所有实验分析工作均在页岩气地质评价与高效开发四川省重点实验室完成。
页岩骨架由无机矿物和有机质共同组成。X射线衍射结果表明,无机矿物主要包括石英(平均含量40%)、黏土矿物(平均含量32%)、碳酸盐矿物(平均含量20%),另有少量斜长石和黄铁矿。由于演化程度较高,黏土矿物主要是伊-蒙混层和伊利石,绿泥石含量较少。210 ℃以内各温度点的样品矿物成分保持稳定,与初始状态基本一致,未见规律性变化。再升高温度,白云石含量从400 ℃开始逐渐减少,方解石在700 ℃后大量受热分解,石英相对含量则持续上升[10]。黏土矿物中,虽然蒙脱石和伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石等可以互相转化[22-25],但都发生在特定的压力、pH值和矿化流体环境[26],单独的高温并非充分条件。
川南地区龙马溪组黑色页岩中有机质丰富,其质量占比最高可达8%,以Ⅰ型干酪根为主,镜质体反射率(Ro)均在2%以上,属于过成熟阶段[27-29]。有机质经高温灼烧后,总有机碳含量减小会使样品颜色变浅,但这种现象通常发生在300 ℃及更高温度条件下[9],温度低于210 ℃时并不明显。岩石热解实验中液态烃(S1)和热解烃(S2)均有显示,表明有机质在300~600 ℃持续反应,其Tmax(最高热解峰温)分布在400~500 ℃,说明在此温度范围内变化最为剧烈。
页岩中水分按其赋存状态可分为4类[12]:①自由态的可动水主要分布在尺寸较大的粒间孔或微裂缝中,占据一定孔隙空间,直接影响孔隙度测定结果;②体积充填态的毛管束缚水分布于10 nm以下的孔隙喉道中[30-31],不能自由移动,在孔隙度实验中可以视同矿物颗粒,是颗粒体积的组成部分;③表面吸附态的水膜束缚水主要占据固相表面的有效吸附位,与黏土矿物和有机质相互作用强烈;④离子态的结构水存在于矿物晶格内,且极其稳定,对于孔隙度实验影响较小。通过氦气法孔隙度实验测定样品骨架体积与孔隙体积,结果显示:当温度低于105 ℃时,特别是低于90 ℃时,孔隙体积随温度升高呈近似线性增长趋势,当温度介于105~<150 ℃时基本保持稳定,当温度达到150 ℃后缓慢降低(图2);颗粒体积则是当温度介于60~<105 ℃时随温度升高快速减小,当温度介于105~<150 ℃时基本保持稳定,温度达到150 ℃后缓慢降低(图3)。
据此划分出页岩水分脱除的不同阶段:当温度低于60 ℃时,可动水部分去除,为氦气进入岩心后提供更多可扩散的连通空间,孔隙体积略有增加,但狭小空间内的毛管束缚水不能排出,颗粒体积无明显变化;当温度介于60~<105 ℃时,特别是在温度介于60~<90 ℃时,可动水和毛管束缚水被大量去除,导致孔隙体积明显增加,颗粒体积快速减小;当温度介于105~<150 ℃时,孔隙体积和颗粒体积已基本稳定,几乎无水分脱除;当温度达到150 ℃后,水膜束缚水逐渐脱除,黏土矿物和有机质颗粒失水收缩,样品骨架结构减小,孔隙体积和颗粒体积同步降低。结构水脱除的温度在400 ℃以上[32-35],远超本次设置的最高温度210 ℃。
页岩样品整体表现出纹层构造,储集空间包括粒内孔、溶蚀孔、晶间孔、粒间微孔和有机质孔5种孔隙,以及粒缘缝和粒内裂缝2种裂隙(图4)。扫描电镜下可见粉砂级的碎屑石英呈次棱角状,数量较少,在其颗粒内部发育有不规则圆状的粒内孔,但分布不均。微泥晶的白云石和方解石等碳酸盐矿物呈自形粒状,内部发育有四边形溶蚀孔,长石中发育的溶蚀孔则呈不规则状。单晶粒状黄铁矿多集中分布,形成草莓状集合体,草莓状黄铁矿内部发育较多不规则多边形状的晶间孔,片状黏土矿物间则多为长条状晶间孔。顺层分布的泥质主要是粒径小于10 μm的石英、片状伊利石、绿泥石和伊-蒙混层,遇脆性矿物多绕过,在泥质中的石英等脆性矿物间发育有粒间微孔。有机质孔与生烃活动关系密切,受热演化程度控制,在有机质中大量发育,整体呈海绵状,单个气孔表现为近圆状至椭球状。粒缘缝多分布在白云石和方解石等碳酸盐矿物周边,该类裂缝由溶蚀作用形成;粒内裂缝主要发育于石英、斜长石、白云石、方解石等脆性矿物中,呈短缝隙状。
将氩离子抛光处理好的页岩样品用不同温度重复烘干,逐次在扫描电镜下观察相同位置的孔缝结构,发现孔隙类型、形态和分布均无变化,也未观察到因高温产生的新裂隙,孔缝类型及其特征保持稳定。
氮气吸附实验中,吸附量在较低压力下快速增加,使得吸附曲线在低压区间上凸,表明页岩中微孔对氮气作用力较强;接近饱和蒸汽压时,吸附量再次上升,吸附曲线整体为Ⅱ型(图5)。脱附曲线与吸附曲线在中高压区间不重合,氮气吸附等温线上出现的滞后环较宽且带有饱和吸附平台,脱附曲线相对陡峭,属于国际纯粹和应用化学联合会(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry,IUPAC)分类方案的H2a型,反映了页岩中发育的复杂非均质介孔结构,其孔隙空间呈现典型的“墨水瓶”型和具有窄孔颈的管型。以BJH模型分析绘制样品的孔径分布曲线(图6),可见介孔占绝对优势,大孔相对较少。
不断升高温度发现,吸脱附曲线整体形态和滞后环特征基本一致,孔径分布仍以介孔为主。吸附等温线和孔径分布曲线先逐次向上抬升,说明吸附量上升,孔隙空间扩大,平均孔径同步增加;当温度达到150 ℃后,页岩样品整体失水收缩,使孔隙体积下降,孔径分布曲线下移。高温热效应还可能导致有机质热解生烃,有机质孔隙塌陷消失[36]。
以温度分别为60 ℃和105 ℃为例,分析不同温度下页岩样品质量变化过程,发现24 h后质量变化均低于0.2‰,但温度为105 ℃时的水分脱除速率明显高于60 ℃时的水分脱除速率,可以更快地达到恒重状态,样品烘干时间可缩短约4 h(图7)。
根据页岩样品微观特征变化情况,以300 ℃为界限可划分出2个温度区间:温度低于300 ℃时的热稳定区间和温度不低于300 ℃时的热损伤区间(图8)。在热稳定区间,温度作用下的页岩样品无机矿物、有机成分、孔缝类型、孔隙形态均无明显变化,主要发生水分脱除。温度低于60 ℃时,仅去除部分可动水;温度达到105 ℃后,可动水和毛管束缚水全部去除,平均孔径略微增大;温度达到150 ℃后,水膜束缚水逐渐去除,样品整体失水收缩,平均孔径逐渐减小。在热损伤区间,先是有机质经高温灼烧使样品颜色变浅[8],页岩的纳米孔隙不断增多[37-38];从400 ℃开始,有机质热解反应进入高峰阶段,无机矿物中的白云石开始分解,结构水持续脱除,页岩热失重速率逐渐升高;温度高于700 ℃时,方解石大量分解产生CO2,热失重速率达到顶峰[10]。
根据地质矿产行业标准《页岩气资源量和储量估算规范》(DZ/T 0254—2020),页岩气田的静态法探明地质储量有吸附气和游离气2个组成部分,页岩储层孔隙度直接参与计算游离气地质储量:
Gy=0.01AghφSgiBgi
式中:Gy为游离气总地质储量,单位108m3;Ag为含气面积,单位km2;h为页岩储层有效厚度,单位m;φ为页岩孔隙度;Sgi为原始含气饱和度;Bgi为原始页岩气体积系数。
静态法探明地质储量的精度取决于对气藏地质条件和储层条件的认识,需要开展岩心分析以精准获取孔隙度等物性参数。实验结果表明,选择不同的烘干温度将测得差异明显的孔隙度数据(图9)。温度低于105 ℃时,特别是温度低于90 ℃时,页岩中残余的大量可动水和毛管束缚水占据样品空间,导致孔隙体积偏小、颗粒体积偏大,孔隙度被低估;温度达到150 ℃后,水膜束缚水逐渐脱除,孔隙体积和颗粒体积同步降低,孔隙度数据呈不规律变化。
样品烘干前处理的最终目标应该是在无损岩心的情况下,快速去除干扰物性实验的可动水和毛管束缚水,精准测定孔隙度等参数。因此,页岩岩心分析的烘干前处理温度宜设置在105~<150 ℃。低于105 ℃的烘干温度将导致孔隙度被低估,60 ℃对应的8组页岩样品孔隙度绝对值平均偏小1.36%。适当升高烘干温度可减少样品烘干时间,提高岩心分析工作效率。
基于已公开发表文章中的信息和数据[37],以四川盆地南部地区太阳—大寨区块阳102井区为例,分析孔隙度实验中烘干温度对页岩气探明地质储量计算的巨大影响。需要说明的是,这里只考虑烘干温度通过改变页岩孔隙度数据,进而造成的储量结果变化,由于缺少孔隙度覆压校正等必要步骤,更忽略了原始含气饱和度等其他参数的潜在变化,分析结果仅做参考,不能完全真实地反映实际情况。
在阳102井区,采用110 ℃作为烘干温度,氦气法测得柱塞样孔隙度为3.72%,对应计算的页岩气总地质储量为891.70×108 m3。而在60 ℃下烘干时,被低估1.36%后的孔隙度数据为2.36%,其对应计算的页岩气总地质储量仅734.72×108 m3,减少了156.98×108 m3,相对误差达到18%(表1)。因此,选择适宜的烘干温度处理样品,对于页岩孔隙度实验和页岩气地质储量计算至关重要。
1)温度对页岩微观特征的影响具有阶段性区别,温度低于300 ℃时处于热稳定区间,主要是脱除可动水、毛管束缚水和水膜束缚水,无机矿物、有机成分、孔缝类型、孔隙形态均无明显变化;温度不低于300 ℃时进入热损伤区间,有机质受热产生烃类物质,形成新的纳米孔隙,结构水在高温下持续脱除,白云石、方解石均发生受热分解,样品热失重速率自400 ℃起持续上升,至700 ℃达到峰值。
2)页岩中不同水分脱除所需要的温度各异,温度低于60 ℃时,仅能去除部分可动水;温度介于60~<90 ℃时,可动水和毛管束缚水被大量去除;温度达到105 ℃后,可动水和毛管束缚水完全烘干;温度达到150 ℃后,水膜束缚水逐渐脱除;结构水脱除的温度区间在400 ℃以上。
3)页岩岩心分析工作中,烘干温度过低将导致孔隙度被低估,适当提高温度可有效提升烘干速率。对于川南地区龙马溪组深层页岩,其地层温度较高,建议在105~<150 ℃范围内探索选择烘干温度。

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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250093
  • 接收时间:2026-06-28
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-11-26
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  • 收稿日期:2026-06-28
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    1 四川省地质调查研究院,四川   成都 610072
    2 页岩气地质评价与高效开发四川省重点实验室,四川   成都 610091
    3 四川省科源工程技术测试中心有限责任公司,四川   成都 610091
    4 湖南省地震局,湖南   长沙 410000
    5 中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,北京 海淀 100083

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刘国平(1989—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事非常规储层天然裂缝形成机理及表征预测、储层评价等方面研究工作。地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号中国地质大学(北京)能源学院,邮政编码:100083。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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