Article(id=1322942363412341178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250080, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765382400000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343638517, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784995200000, pubDateStr=2026-07-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343638517, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343638517, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343638517, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941842395889747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='4', pageStart='737', pageEnd='948', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784995200000', pubDateStr='2026-07-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343514297, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344192960, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944689019695905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944689019695906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941842395889747, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=855, endPage=864, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322942363924046267, articleId=1322942363412341178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Prediction of adsorption characteristics of CH4-CO2 system in shale based on machine learning, columnId=1322941693024141328, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Development, runingTitle=null, highlight=

CO2-enhanced shale gas recovery (CO2-ESGR) is a promising carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology that simultaneously improves shale gas production and enables geological CO2 sequestration, contributing to carbon neutrality and offering broad application prospects. The adsorption characteristics of CH4 and CO2 in shale directly affect gas displacement efficiency and CO2 sequestration performance and are one of the key factors influencing the performance of CO2-ESGR. In this study, experimental data on CH4-CO2 adsorption in shale samples from major shale-gas-rich regions in China were compiled to establish a comprehensive database. The effects of total organic carbon (TOC), clay content, BET specific surface area, temperature, pressure, and CO2 content on adsorption behavior were systematically considered. Several machine-learning models, including back-propagation neural network, K-nearest-neighbor regression, random forest regression, and support vector machine regression, were developed to predict CH4-CO2 adsorption properties and to investigate competitive adsorption in CH4-CO2 systems. Model performance was evaluated by comparison with published data, experimental measurements, and Langmuir model predictions. The results indicated that the random forest regression model achieved the highest prediction accuracy and strong generalization ability. Within the pressure range of 0-15 MPa, the model yielded an average absolute relative deviation of 1.57%-1.94% and an R2 value of 0.99 for both single-component and mixed-gas systems. These results demonstrate that the proposed machine-learning model can reliably predict CH4-CO2 adsorption and competitive adsorption behaviors in shale, providing theoretical support for CO2-ESGR applications.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=SHUYANG LIU1, 2, HONGLUE HUANG1, JIANGLONG WANG1, JUNRONG LIU1, SIWEI MENG3, 4, authorsList=SHUYANG LIU, HONGLUE HUANG, JIANGLONG WANG, JUNRONG LIU, SIWEI MENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=SIWEI MENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322942367833137615, articleId=1322942363412341178, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=基于机器学习的页岩内CH4-CO2体系吸附特性预测, columnId=1322941693259022355, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气开发, runingTitle=null, highlight=

CO2提高页岩气采收率(CO2-ESGR)技术是一种将非常规天然气开发与CO2封存相结合的碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)技术。该技术不仅能提升页岩气开发效果,还可实现CO2地质封存,对缓解温室气体排放压力、助力实现“碳中和”目标具有重要意义,应用前景广阔。在CO2-ESGR过程中,CH4和CO2在页岩内部的吸附特性直接影响气体置换效率与封存效果,是影响CO2-ESGR效果的关键因素之一。本文系统整理了中国主要页岩气资源富集区页岩样品的CH4-CO2气体吸附实验数据,并构建了相应数据库。本研究综合考虑总有机碳(TOC)含量、黏土矿物含量、BET比表面积、温度、压力、CO2含量等关键因素,基于BP(反向传播)神经网络、K近邻(KNN)算法、随机森林和支持向量机4种机器学习方法,构建了页岩中CH4-CO2吸附性质预测模型,进而系统研究了CH4-CO2体系的吸附与竞争吸附特性。通过与文献报道数据、实验实测数据和朗缪尔(Langmuir)模型预测数据等多维度对比,验证了本研究构建的机器学习吸附模型的准确性。结果表明,随机森林模型的预测精度最高且具有较好的适用范围拓展性,0~15 MPa范围内单组分气体和混合体系吸附量预测的平均绝对相对偏差介于1.57%~1.94%,决定系数(R2)达0.99。本研究建立的机器学习模型能够较准确地预测页岩内CH4-CO2混合体系吸附特性与竞争吸附特性,为CO2-ESGR技术应用提供一定的基础理论支撑。

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刘树阳(1990—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事CCUS与提高采收率、非常规油气开发、油气智能开发方向的研究。地址:山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,邮政编码:266580。E-mail:

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孟思炜(1988—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事非常规储集层综合评价和效益开发技术、CO2地质封存与资源化利用等研究。地址:北京市海淀区学院路20号,邮政编码:100083。E-mail:
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刘树阳(1990—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事CCUS与提高采收率、非常规油气开发、油气智能开发方向的研究。地址:山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,邮政编码:266580。E-mail:

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caption=CH4-CO2体系吸附量随机森林模型和Langmuir模型的预测偏差, figureFileSmall=qgaOFITkxEDpukCadjO3Ew==, figureFileBig=S7w9jTKdllzg2lgJLYasfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942375307387407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942363412341178, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Adsorption selectivity coefficient of CO2/CH4 in binary system, figureFileSmall=UxXhZirFqFj0WZUHl0IyLg==, figureFileBig=V+WkcJWfnovd4ukLum8C8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942375370301968, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942363412341178, language=CN, label=图8, caption=混合状态下CO2/CH4吸附选择系数

注:SCO2/CH4为吸附选择系数。

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数据来源样品来源黏土质量分数/%ω(TOC) /%BET比表面积/(m2/g)温度/K压力/MPaCO2摩尔分数/%数据数量
齐荣荣[26]四川盆地15.70~27.402.28~3.6113.86~20.09303~3530~200、20、 50、100446
DU等[27]四川盆地36.402.7819.26278~3180~20、25、50、75、100359
DUAN等[28]四川盆地23.961.85~3.8335.41278~3180~20、80、100131
NIU等[29]四川盆地34.00~48.201.06~5.1515.97~21.35323~3630~150、100162
胡楠[30]

四川盆地

鄂尔多斯盆地

8.70~36.101.05~5.141.48~19.36308~3280~150、100384
李钟原[31]四川盆地15.70~25.502.34~3.6413.9~19.1303~3530~200、8、25、53、100986
刘启力[32]

四川盆地

鄂尔多斯盆地

8.90~35.804.861.47~28.97308~3280~120、50、100482
LUO等[33]柴达木盆地70.001.10~1.808.40~12.60308~3580~100、20、40、60、80、100468
), ArticleFig(id=1322942375710040596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942363412341178, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

页岩内CH4-CO2吸附性质实验数据库

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据来源样品来源黏土质量分数/%ω(TOC) /%BET比表面积/(m2/g)温度/K压力/MPaCO2摩尔分数/%数据数量
齐荣荣[26]四川盆地15.70~27.402.28~3.6113.86~20.09303~3530~200、20、 50、100446
DU等[27]四川盆地36.402.7819.26278~3180~20、25、50、75、100359
DUAN等[28]四川盆地23.961.85~3.8335.41278~3180~20、80、100131
NIU等[29]四川盆地34.00~48.201.06~5.1515.97~21.35323~3630~150、100162
胡楠[30]

四川盆地

鄂尔多斯盆地

8.70~36.101.05~5.141.48~19.36308~3280~150、100384
李钟原[31]四川盆地15.70~25.502.34~3.6413.9~19.1303~3530~200、8、25、53、100986
刘启力[32]

四川盆地

鄂尔多斯盆地

8.90~35.804.861.47~28.97308~3280~120、50、100482
LUO等[33]柴达木盆地70.001.10~1.808.40~12.60308~3580~100、20、40、60、80、100468
), ArticleFig(id=1322942375810703893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942363412341178, language=EN, label=Table2, caption=Optimal values of key parameters for each machine-learning model, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
机器学习模型参数取值
BP神经网络激活函数satlin
隐藏层神经元数量11
学习率0.006
KNN邻近样本数量5
距离度量方法欧式距离
随机森林决策树数量200
决策树深度10
特征选择方法auto
支持向量机正则化参数2
学习率0.001
迭代次数1 000
), ArticleFig(id=1322942375886201366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942363412341178, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各机器学习模型关键参数最优取值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
机器学习模型参数取值
BP神经网络激活函数satlin
隐藏层神经元数量11
学习率0.006
KNN邻近样本数量5
距离度量方法欧式距离
随机森林决策树数量200
决策树深度10
特征选择方法auto
支持向量机正则化参数2
学习率0.001
迭代次数1 000
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基于机器学习的页岩内CH4-CO2体系吸附特性预测
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刘树阳 1, 2 , 黄洪略 1 , 王江龙 1 , 刘峻嵘 1 , 孟思炜 3, 4
油气藏评价与开发 | 油气开发 2026,16(4): 855-864
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油气藏评价与开发 |油气开发 2026 , 16 (4) : 855 -864
基于机器学习的页岩内CH4-CO2体系吸附特性预测
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刘树阳1, 2 , 黄洪略1, 王江龙1, 刘峻嵘1, 孟思炜3, 4
作者信息
  • 1 中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院,山东   青岛 266580
  • 2 深层油气全国重点实验室(中国石油大学(华东)),山东   青岛 266580
  • 3 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
  • 4 多资源协同陆相页岩油绿色开采全国重点实验室,黑龙江   大庆 163412
通讯作者:
孟思炜(1988—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事非常规储集层综合评价和效益开发技术、CO2地质封存与资源化利用等研究。地址:北京市海淀区学院路20号,邮政编码:100083。E-mail:
作者简介:

刘树阳(1990—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事CCUS与提高采收率、非常规油气开发、油气智能开发方向的研究。地址:山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,邮政编码:266580。E-mail:

Prediction of adsorption characteristics of CH4-CO2 system in shale based on machine learning
SHUYANG LIU1, 2 , HONGLUE HUANG1, JIANGLONG WANG1, JUNRONG LIU1, SIWEI MENG3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1 School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
  • 2 State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
  • 3 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China
  • 4 State Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163412, China
出版时间: 2026-07-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250080
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页岩  /  CH4-CO2  /  吸附  /  朗缪尔模型  /  机器学习
shale  /  CH4-CO2  /  adsorption  /  Langmuir model  /  machine learning
刘树阳, 黄洪略, 王江龙, 刘峻嵘, 孟思炜. 基于机器学习的页岩内CH4-CO2体系吸附特性预测. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (4) : 855 -864 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250080
SHUYANG LIU, HONGLUE HUANG, JIANGLONG WANG, JUNRONG LIU, SIWEI MENG. Prediction of adsorption characteristics of CH4-CO2 system in shale based on machine learning[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (4) : 855 -864 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250080
“碳中和”与清洁能源供应是当前人类社会面临的两大关键问题[1]。相较于其他化石燃料,天然气燃烧所产生的污染物较少,因而被视为可再生能源转型过程中的过渡性清洁能源[2]。页岩气、煤层气和天然气水合物等非常规天然气资源全球储量丰富,其规模化开发利用[3-5]对保障人类社会日益增长的天然气供应需求具有重要战略意义。中国页岩气技术可采储量约31.55×1012 m3,居世界首位,主要分布在鄂尔多斯、四川、吐哈、松辽、渤海湾等盆地[5-6]。与常规气藏不同,页岩气藏中的天然气通常以游离气和吸附气2种形式赋存,其中吸附气含量不可忽视[4],可占20%~85%[6]。页岩储层气体吸附特性是页岩气资源开发的关键控制因素之一[7-9]。
CO2提高页岩气采收率(CO2-ESGR)技术不仅能够提升页岩气产量,还可将CO2封存于页岩储层中,是一种具有重要潜力的CO2捕集、利用与储存(CCUS)技术,有助于实现“碳中和”目标[8-11]。CO2-ESGR机理与常规气藏中CO2驱提高天然气采收率(CO2-EGR)[12]存在一定的差异,CH4与CO2竞争吸附[13]是其核心机制,显著影响页岩气采收率及CO2 封存安全性[14-16]。因此,准确预测CO2-ESGR工程中CH4和CO2在页岩上的吸附能力,具有重要的研究价值。
在吸附模型研究方面,朗缪尔(Langmuir)模型及其改进模型被广泛应用于页岩气吸附特性研究[17-18]。其中,LIU等[17]基于Langmuir模型建立了页岩CO2-CH4广义竞争吸附模型,研究表明该改进模型适用于较宽的温度、压力和总有机碳(TOC)含量范围,可准确预测CH4、CO2及其混合气在页岩上的吸附行为;WU等[18]提出了多位点Langmuir模型,以表征页岩表面的能量非均质性,结果表明该模型相比传统单位点Langmuir模型能够更准确地预测页岩中的CH4吸附行为;LIAO等[9]研究了CH4和CO2在页岩中的吸附动力学特征,并采用多种动力学模型对吸附过程进行表征,结果表明不同模型对吸附行为的拟合效果存在差异,说明页岩中CH4-CO2二元体系的吸附预测仍具有较强的模型依赖性。目前,常规Langmuir模型、多组分朗缪尔(E-L)模型考虑的影响因素比较单一,且无法直接反映出TOC含量、黏土矿物含量、BET比表面积、温度、压力、CO2含量等复杂多因素对页岩气体吸附的影响;其预测精度依赖于饱和吸附量、Langmuir压力等参数,而这些参数需通过实验数据拟合获得,导致预测结果对实验数据的依赖性较大。因此,在复杂多因素条件下,对CH4-CO2混合体系吸附性质的预测精度仍有待进一步提高。
人工智能算法凭借其在解决复杂科学难题方面的优异性能,已广泛应用于页岩吸附行为预测研究。ZHOU等[19]基于机器学习方法建立了页岩CH4吸附能力预测模型,综合考虑TOC含量、黏土矿物含量、温度、压力和含水率等因素,结果表明高斯过程回归模型具有较好的预测性能;WANG等[20]提出了耦合分子模拟、格子Boltzmann方法与机器学习的耦合方法,用于预测页岩纳米孔隙中CO2和CH4的竞争吸附行为,结果表明该方法能够较准确、快速地预测不同CO2摩尔分数和矿物类型条件下的竞争吸附量;ZENG等[21]基于随机森林、支持向量回归、XGBoost和多层感知机等模型,对侏罗系页岩中CO2绝对吸附量进行了预测,结果表明机器学习方法能够有效提高吸附预测精度;ZHOU等[22]进一步将分形Langmuir模型与机器学习框架相结合,对非均质页岩中CH4/CO2吸附行为进行了更精细的预测,结果显示该方法能更好地反映孔隙结构差异对吸附特征的影响。此外,也有研究尝试利用物理信息神经网络(PINN)方法预测不同页岩岩心中的CH4/CO2吸附等温线,体现了数据驱动方法在复杂吸附体系预测的潜力[23]。然而,目前人工智能在页岩内CH4-CO2混合体系吸附能力评估方面的应用仍较为有限,特别是同时考虑TOC含量、黏土矿物含量、BET比表面积、温度、压力和CO2含量等多因素条件下的吸附性质预测模型,仍有待进一步建立和完善[24]。
针对上述问题,本文旨在实现对页岩储层气体吸附与竞争吸附性质的快速精准预测,综合考虑不同地质参数及温压条件等复杂因素,应用机器学习构建页岩内CH4-CO2吸附预测模型,将其作为传统吸附性质测量实验的高效替代方案,显著提升页岩储层气体吸附性质评价的便捷性,为页岩气开发潜力评估与CO2封存可行性评价提供科学指导。
如表1所示,本文研究数据取自中国主要页岩气资源富集区,兼顾典型海相和陆相页岩气储层类型,具体包括:代表海相沉积环境的四川盆地上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组页岩,以及代表陆相沉积环境的鄂尔多斯盆地延长组页岩和柴达木盆地大煤沟组页岩。四川盆地作为高产油气区,是目前中国页岩气产量最高的区域,也是本研究数据库的主要来源,相关样品约占总样品的89%。前人研究表明,影响页岩气吸附的主要因素包括温度、压力、TOC含量、黏土矿物含量、BET比表面积和CO2含量[7,16,25]。本研究收集的页岩吸附实验数据,温度范围介于278~363 K,压力范围介于0~20 MPa,TOC含量介于1.05%~5.15%。单组分气体CH4和CO2的吸附数据分别占总数据的38.2%和35.3%,CH4-CO2混合体系的吸附数据占26.5%。
首先,对比分析了相近条件下不同文献的吸附数据,验证了实验数据的一致性和可比性。在一定的温度和压力范围内,页岩气体吸附量随压力、温度、TOC、BET比表面积、黏土矿物含量和CO2含量的变化规律如图1所示。在压力0~10 MPa、温度303 ~ 358 K、TOC含量1.80%~3.71%的条件下,气体吸附量随上述各参数的改变呈现显著变化。本文将以上6种主控因素作为影响页岩吸附性质的关键参数,用于机器学习吸附模型的训练与验证。
基于机器学习的页岩CH4-CO2竞争吸附模型建立过程如图2所示:首先确定变量整合得到数据集,将6种主控因素作为自变量(输入特征x),吸附量作为因变量(输出特征y),整理两类变量得到完整数据集。其次,将数据划分为训练集和测试集,并采用最大最小法对数据进行归一化处理。然后,构建4种机器学习吸附模型,用训练集训练模型、测试集验证准确性,得到预测结果反归一化,再调试优化参数;针对BP(反向传播)神经网络,根据验证效果确定激活函数、迭代次数、学习率等关键参数的最优取值,使模型获得最佳预测性能。最后,通过对比预测值与实验值的相对误差,并计算均方误差(MSE)和决定系数(R2)来评价模型的预测效果。
本研究基于表1数据库,在温度303 ~363 K、压力0~11 MPa、TOC含量1.05%~5.15%范围内筛选出2 618组页岩吸附实验数据(涵盖CH4单组分气体、CO2单组分气体、CH4-CO2混合体系、混合体系CH4组分、混合体系CO2组分5类)。采用85%的数据作为训练集,15%的数据作为测试集,用于机器学习模型的训练与测试
为了实现页岩内CH4-CO2吸附性质的高精度预测,本研究选取BP神经网络、K近邻(KNN)算法、随机森林、支持向量机4种机器学习方法建立了吸附模型,通过多次训练和测试,优选确定了各机器学习模型的关键参数(表2)。
BP神经网络[34]是一种基于误差反向传播训练的多层前馈网络,具备很强的非线性映射能力。本研究采用“交叉验证”方法筛选最优激活函数,发现satlin激活函数对应的损失函数相对误差最小,因此确定其为最优激活函数;同理,通过计算不同隐藏层神经元数量与学习率组合下的损失函数值,最终确定当隐藏层神经元数量为11、学习率为0.006时,模型预测性能最优。
KNN [35]作为典型的非参数回归方法,是一种基于特征空间相似度的分类与回归算法,其核心原理是通过计算待预测样本与训练样本间的距离,选取最近的k个邻近样本的输出结果进行综合预测。本研究通过“交叉验证”的方法,测试最近的邻近样本数量(K值)在1~20范围内的预测误差,最终确定最佳K值为5;此时预测均方误差最小;由于页岩中气体的吸附属于连续性行为,特征变量为连续型,因此选取欧氏距离作为距离度量方法。
随机森林是一种基于集成学习的算法,通过构建多个决策树并将所有决策树的预测结果进行融合,从而完成回归任务[36]。本研究采用auto方式进行特征选择,利用交叉验证方法,在决策树数量100~1 000、深度3~20范围内分析模型误差变化规律,确定最佳决策树数量为200、深度为10,此时模型预测误差最小、性能最优。
支持向量机是一种基于监督学习的广义线性分类器,适用于特征空间的二元分类问题,是机器学习领域的经典算法之一[37]。本研究通过交叉验证对正则化参数、学习率和迭代次数进行联合优化,在正则化参数(C)0.1~10.0、学习率(η) 0.000 1~0.010 0、迭代次数(N)100~2 000范围内进行测试,结果显示:C为2、η为0.001、N为1 000时,模型的预测误差最小且稳定性最佳。
本研究按照单组分气体和CH4-CO2混合体系分类分别进行分析,采用BP神经网络、KNN、随机森林和支持向量机4种机器学习模型对吸附实验数据开展训练与测试,通过对比模型预测值与实验值相对偏差范围、均方误差、决定系数及平均绝对相对误差(AARD),综合评估各机器学习模型的预测精度。
开展了4种机器学习模型对页岩内CH4单组分气体吸附量的预测。其中,随机森林回归模型的预测效果最好,预测值与实验值的相对偏差在±3.5%的范围内(图3a),AARD为1.57%、MSE为0.016 2%,R2为0.996 1,预测精度优于其他模型。其次,KNN与BP神经网络的预测相对偏差分别为±5.0%与±4.0%,AARD分别为1.79%和2.35%,MSE分别为0.025 5%和0.032 8%,R2分别为0.993 5和0.990 1,说明二者具有一定的拟合能力,但仍存在局部偏差。相比之下,支持向量机算法预测点分散度较大,预测相对偏差分布范围为±8.5%,AARD为4.27%,MSE为0.087 4%,R2为0.943 2,预测效果最差。
针对CO2单组分气体吸附量预测,随机森林和KNN模型的预测相对偏差均在±4.0%;其次是BP神经网络模型,相对偏差为±5.0%;支持向量机模型的预测效果最差,相对偏差在±9.0%。如图3b所示,随机森林模型R2达到0.984 4,明显高于其余3种模型,同时其MSE(0.039 3%)和AARD(1.89%)均为最低,说明随机森林在CO2单组分气体吸附量预测中的拟合精度和泛化能力最优。相比之下,支持向量机模型虽具有一定线性相关性,但误差指标明显高于随机森林,预测性能相对较弱。BP神经网络与KNN模型的精度虽不及随机森林,但整体误差仍处于可接受范围。
综上,对于CH4、CO2单组分气体吸附量预测,4种机器学习模型中随机森林表现最优,KNN表现次之,BP神经网络和支持向量机的预测精度相对偏低。
针对CH4-CO2混合体系总吸附量的预测结果表明:KNN与随机森林模型的预测偏差分布相对集中,误差范围分别为±4.5%和±4.0%,表明2种模型均能较准确地捕捉混合体系吸附量的变化规律;BP神经网络模型的预测误差略大,偏差约为±5.5%,但整体仍呈现较好的线性一致性;相比之下,支持向量机模型的预测偏差最大,误差范围扩大至±9.0%,部分预测值明显偏离实验值,表明其在预测混合气体总吸附量时的稳定性较弱。
4种机器学习模型针对CH4-CO2混合体系总吸附量及其各组分吸附量的预测偏差如图4所示。可以看出,随机森林模型对该体系总吸附量预测的R2最高,为0.982 7,同时MSE和AARD最低,分别为0.041 3%和1.94%,综合预测性能最优,KNN模型次之;BP神经网络模型预测表现中等,3项评价指标均在随机森林模型、KNN之后;支持向量机在3项指标上均表现相对较差,较大的预测误差反映出其对混合体系吸附行为的刻画能力有限。
针对页岩内CH4-CO2混合体系中CH4组分吸附量预测问题,本文对比了BP神经网络、KNN和随机森林和支持向量机模型的预测值与实验值,其相对偏差范围分别是±5.0%、±4.0%、±3.5%和±8.5%。如图4b所示,4种机器学习模型的AARD分别为2.41%、1.85%、1.62%和4.32%,MSE分别为0.039 2%、0.024 1%、0.018 5%和0.912%,R2分别为0.988 7、0.992 4、0.994 2和0.942 7。可以发现,随机森林模型的相对偏差最小,预测效果最好,其次是BP神经网络模型和KNN模型,支持向量机模型的预测效果最差。
针对页岩内CH4-CO2混合体系中CO2组分吸附量预测问题,BP神经网络、KNN和随机森林和支持向量机模型的预测值与实验值的相对偏差范围分别是±5.0%、±4.0%、±3.5%和±9.0%,对应的AARD分别为2.44%、1.91%、1.69%和4.37%,MSE分别为0.042 5%、0.028 9%、0.019 6%、0.935 0%,R2分别为0.984 2、0.991 5、0.993 8、0.941 3,如图4c所示。可以发现,随机森林模型的相对偏差最小,预测效果最好,其次是BP神经网络模型和KNN模型,支持向量机模型的预测效果最差。这一规律与CH4-CO2混合体系总吸附量和CH4组分吸附量预测的规律基本一致。
因此,针对页岩内CH4-CO2混合体系吸附量预测问题,无论是总吸附量还是各组分吸附量预测方面,基于随机森林建立的吸附模型预测精度更高。
为了进一步验证基于机器学习建立的吸附模型的准确性,本研究分别从单组分气体吸附和混合体系吸附两个方面,新增实验数据和文献数据,与机器学习模型预测值进行了对比检验。
建立机器学习吸附模型的训练数据的压力主要集中在0~11 MPa内(表1),本研究开展CH4和CO2单组分气体在页岩样品内等温吸附实验的条件为:温度313 K,压力0~10 MPa,TOC含量3.18%,黏土质量分数19.8%,BET比表面积8.03 m2/g;同时,为了进一步检验机器学习吸附模型针对训练条件之外预测准确性的拓展能力,选用温度303~353 K、压力0~15 MPa、TOC含量3.64%条件下的页岩气体吸附实验数据进行了对比分析[31]。如图5所示,随机森林模型对页岩内CH4和CO2吸附量的预测值与实验值吻合较好,平均R2分别为0.991 7和0.988 7,AARD分别为1.78%和1.90%。
为了验证随机森林回归算法模型针对CH4-CO2混合体系吸附性质预测的准确性,本研究进一步开展了同一岩心温度313 K、压力0~10 MPa条件下CO2摩尔分数为15%的CH4-CO2混合体系等温吸附实验,同时,选用温度303、353 K,压力0~15 MPa条件下TOC含量2.34%的页岩内CO2摩尔分数53%的CH4-CO2混合体系吸附量文献实验数据[31],与模型预测值进行对比分析。如图6所示,CH4-CO2混合体系吸附量的随机森林模型预测值与实验值吻合较好,平均R2为0.9901,AARD为1.90%,随机森林模型对于不同温度、压力、TOC含量以及CO2浓度下的页岩内CH4-CO2体系气体吸附性质具有较好的预测能力。
Langmuir模型是一种基于分子动力学理论建立的气体分子在固体表面的低压吸附模型,具有求解简单、预测精度高等特点,被广泛应用于描述页岩气吸附特性[26]。本研究进一步对比分析了机器学习吸附模型与Langmuir模型对页岩内CH4-CO2吸附量预测准确性,对比条件设定为:页岩中TOC含量 2.28%[26]、温度353 K、压力0~20 MPa,分别对单组分气体、CH4-CO2混合体系的吸附量进行对比研究。
如图7所示,针对CH4和CO2单组分气体吸附量的预测结果显示:随机森林模型预测的平均R2分别为0.981 6和0.978 9,AARD分别为2.46%和2.51%;而Langmuir模型预测的平均R2分别为0.945 7和0.943 8,AARD分别为4.26%和4.29%。针对CH4-CO2混合体系总吸附量,随机森林模型和Langmuir模型预测的平均R2分别为0.976 8和0.942 2,AARD分别为2.58%和4.34%。上述结果表明,随机森林模型对CH4-CO2单组分体系和混合组分体系的预测效果均优于Langmuir模型。
竞争吸附是影响页岩气藏中多组分气体运移与富集的关键机制,CH4-CO2竞争吸附更是CO2-ESGR技术的重要机理之一,深入开展页岩内CH4-CO2混合体系竞争吸附特性预测研究具有重要意义。基于前文建立的随机森林吸附模型,本节进行了CH4-CO2混合体系的竞争吸附规律预测分析。
本研究选择压力0~15 MPa、温度303~353 K条件下的4组页岩样品(TOC含量分别为1.10%、2.34%、3.18%和3.64%)内不同比例CO2-CH4混合气体的吸附实验数据,通过吸附选择系数来表征混合状态下CO2与CH4之间的竞争吸附性质,并探究温度、TOC含量和CO2含量等关键因素的影响规律。CO2/CH4吸附选择系数的计算公式[8]为:
SCO2/CH4=xCO2/yCO2xCH4/yCH4
式中:SCO2/CH4为吸附选择系数;x为CH4-CO2混合体系中各个组分在吸附相中的摩尔分数,%;y为CH4-CO2混合体系中各个组分在自由相中的摩尔分数,%。
如图8所示,随机森林吸附模型对CO2/CH4吸附选择系数的预测数据与实验数据吻合性较好,平均R2为0.972 4,表明该模型对页岩内CH4-CO2混合体系竞争吸附性质的预测具有良好的准确性。在混合状态下CO2/CH4吸附选择系数均大于1,表明页岩对CO2具有优先吸附特性,并且选择系数越大,CO2被优先吸附的程度越强。随压力升高,CO2/CH4吸附选择系数呈现增长趋势,其具体的增长速率随页岩TOC含量不同而变化。随着混合体系内CO2浓度增高,CO2/CH4吸附选择系数也逐步增高。
进一步研究温度(303~353 K)和TOC含量(1.10%~3.64%)对页岩内CH4-CO2混合状态下CO2/CH4吸附选择系数的影响规律(图9)。CO2/CH4吸附选择系数,随TOC含量增大而增大,随温度增高而增大。
1)本文基于BP神经网络、KNN、随机森林与支持向量机4种机器学习方法,通过优化确定各模型最佳关键参数取值,建立了基于机器学习的页岩内CH4-CO2吸附预测模型,实现对CH4、CO2单组分气体吸附量和CH4-CO2混合体系总吸附量及其组分吸附量的准确预测。
2)在4种机器学习模型中,随机森林模型对CH4、CO2单组分气体和CH4-CO2混合体系吸附性质的预测效果最好,平均R2均大于0.99,预测平均绝对相对偏差介于1.57%~1.94%,具备极高的预测精度。
3)基于实验数据与文献数据对随机森林模型进行了验证,结果表明:在TOC含量2.34%~3.64%、温度303 ~353 K、压力0~15 MPa的范围内,该模型对CH4、CO2单组分气体和CH4-CO2混合体系的吸附量预测平均绝对相对偏差为1.78%~1.90%,不仅预测精度较高,且具有较好的预测范围拓展性。
4)利用构建的机器学习吸附模型研究了CH4-CO2混合状态下的竞争吸附特性,预测精度较高,并分析了温度、压力、TOC含量和CO2浓度对页岩内CH4-CO2混合体系竞争吸附的影响规律。
5)本文所构建的机器学习预测模型可以作为传统的吸附性质测量实验的高效替代方案,大幅提高页岩储层气体吸附性质评价的便捷性,能够为页岩气开发潜力评估与CO2封存可行性提供科学指导。在后续研究中可进一步拓展模型适用性与吸附机理融合深度,以增强模型在复杂地质条件下的工程适用性。

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2026年第16卷第4期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250080
  • 接收时间:2025-12-11
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-26
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    1 中国石油大学(华东)石油工程学院,山东   青岛 266580
    2 深层油气全国重点实验室(中国石油大学(华东)),山东   青岛 266580
    3 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
    4 多资源协同陆相页岩油绿色开采全国重点实验室,黑龙江   大庆 163412

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孟思炜(1988—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事非常规储集层综合评价和效益开发技术、CO2地质封存与资源化利用等研究。地址:北京市海淀区学院路20号,邮政编码:100083。E-mail:
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