Article(id=1322941717485330459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941491332657306, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250072, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1774886400000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343484513, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1795622400000, pubDateStr=2026-11-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343484513, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343484513, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343484513, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941491332657306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='6', pageStart='1137', pageEnd='1368', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1795622400000', pubDateStr='2026-11-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343430598, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344116766, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944369447285513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941491332657306, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944369447285514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941491332657306, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1202, endPage=1211, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322941718374522914, articleId=1322941717485330459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Quantitative evaluation method for shale oil enrichment and high productivity based on “medium-hydrocarbon-energy” principle: a case study of Well Yiye X in Bonan Sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China, columnId=1322941494130258079, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Exploration, runingTitle=null, highlight=

The rapid lateral facies variations, complex reservoir characteristics, and strong heterogeneity of the continental shale sequences have led to an inadequate understanding of the main controlling factors on shale oil enrichment and high productivity, making “sweet spot” identification challenging and hindering cost-effective exploitation. Current evaluations of shale oil enrichment and high productivity largely rely on region-specific empirical parameters, lacking universally applicable evaluation methods and quantitative models, which impedes consistent comparative evaluation across different regions and shale oil types. Guided by the concept that shale oil enrichment and productivity are jointly governed by the coupling of “medium-hydrocarbon-energy”, this study proposed a quantitative evaluation methodology for “sweet spot” identification in continental shale oil across different regions and types. Here, “medium” refers to the properties of the storage medium, which serves as the carrier for shale oil accumulation and controls reservoir capacity, permeability, and fracability. “Hydrocarbon” refers to hydrocarbon fluids, which collectively reflect the type of organic matter and its maturity, largely determining the flowability of shale oil. “Energy” denotes formation energy, which is the potential energy contained in fluids within the shale formation, and it plays an important role in the accumulation and production of shale oil. The spatiotemporal coupling of these three elements jointly controls the degree of shale oil enrichment and recoverability. A shale oil “sweet spot” evaluation parameter system including porosity, brittle mineral content, free hydrocarbon content, and pressure coefficient was initially established. Furthermore, an integrated evaluation model based on the “Medium Evaluation Index–Hydrocarbon Evaluation Index–Energy Evaluation Index” coupling was developed, forming a technical workflow from parameter acquisition and index calculation to “sweet spot” delineation. The method was validated using the shale of the Shahejie Formation in the Bonan Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin as an example. This demonstrated that it could effectively identify “sweet spots”, thereby providing methodological guidance for shale oil exploration and development deployment.

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陆相页岩层系普遍具有相变快、储层复杂、非均质性强等特征,导致页岩油富集高产主控因素认识不清,“甜点”识别困难,制约了高效勘探开发。当前页岩油富集高产评价多依赖地区性经验参数,缺乏普适性评价方法和定量模型,导致不同地区不同类型的页岩油难以实现统一原则下的横向对比评价。本文基于“相-烃-能”耦合控制页岩油富集高产的思路,探索提出了一个适用于跨地区跨类型陆相页岩油“甜点”识别的定量评价方法。其中,“相”指代储集介质属性,是页岩油富集的载体,控制了储集性、渗透性和可压性;“烃”指代烃类流体,综合反映了有机母质类型和有机质成熟度,很大程度上决定了页岩油流动能力;“能”指代地层能量,是页岩层系内流体蕴含的势能,其对页岩油富集与产出具有重要影响。“相-烃-能”三要素在时空上的耦合关系共同控制了页岩油的富集程度与可采性能。研究初步建立了包含孔隙度、脆性矿物含量、游离烃含量、压力系数等参数的页岩油“甜点”评价参数体系,构建了“‘相’评价指数-‘烃’评价指数-‘能’评价指数”耦合的“甜点”评价模型,形成从参数获取、指数计算到“甜点”识别的技术流程。以渤海湾盆地渤南洼陷沙河街组页岩为例进行了验证,表明该方法能有效识别“甜点”,为页岩油勘探开发部署提供了方法指引。

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刘雅利(1970—),男,博士,研究员,从事油气勘探基础研究及评价部署工作。地址:北京市昌平区沙河镇百沙路197号,邮政编码:102206。E-mail:

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李沛(1991—),男,博士,助理研究员,从事非常规油气理论与勘探评价工作。地址:北京市昌平区沙河镇百沙路197号,邮政编码:102206。E-mail:
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刘雅利(1970—),男,博士,研究员,从事油气勘探基础研究及评价部署工作。地址:北京市昌平区沙河镇百沙路197号,邮政编码:102206。E-mail:

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刘雅利(1970—),男,博士,研究员,从事油气勘探基础研究及评价部署工作。地址:北京市昌平区沙河镇百沙路197号,邮政编码:102206。E-mail:

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Gondwana Research, 2026, 149: 44-69., articleTitle=Wettability evaluation of hydrocarbon-bearing shales: a review of methods, controlling factors, and application, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322941725467091012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941725483868229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, companyId=1322941725467091012, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941725509034054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, companyId=1322941725467091012, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京 102206)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322941725911687241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941725924270154, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, companyId=1322941725911687241, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Technology, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941725941047371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, companyId=1322941725911687241, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室,北京 102206)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322941726293368909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941726385643598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, companyId=1322941726293368909, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941726406615119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, companyId=1322941726293368909, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京 102206)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322941734262546600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Coupling relationship between free hydrocarbon content, total porosity, pressure coefficient, and annual oil production in continental shale, figureFileSmall=iFSiwGGWjV6u8eyXwe7TVw==, figureFileBig=rnudF74APIhTM8icE99XGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941734359015596, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, language=CN, label=图1, caption=陆相页岩游离烃含量、总孔隙度、压力系数与年产油量耦合关系

注:图中数据点来自济阳坳陷沙河街组四段上亚段—沙河街组三段下亚段、苏北盆地阜宁组二段、四川盆地凉高山组二段和南襄盆地核桃园组二段、三段页岩。

, figureFileSmall=iFSiwGGWjV6u8eyXwe7TVw==, figureFileBig=rnudF74APIhTM8icE99XGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941734782640303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Technical workflow for evaluating shale oil (gas) enrichment and high productivity based on “medium-hydrocarbon-energy” principle, figureFileSmall=olP38iyw0Fe7S523e8k2Ug==, figureFileBig=GAOLYGjjYaLgbO7/5HjMGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941735109796016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, language=CN, label=图2, caption=基于“相‒烃‒能”原理的页岩油(气)富集高产评价技术流程

注:Fm为“相”评价指数;Fl为“烃”评价指数;Fe为“能”评价指数;F为富集高产指数;Φ为孔隙度;κ为渗透率,单位10-3 μm2;t为TOC含量;b为脆性矿物含量;m为岩石力学参数,其中杨氏模量单位为GPa,泊松比为无量纲参数;γ为沉积构造校正指数;Ro为镜质体反射率,%;μo为原油黏度,单位mPa·s;GGOR为气油比,单位m3/m3;pr为剩余压力,单位MPa;pc为压力系数;h为页岩埋深,单位m;ζ、β、δ、a为待定系数。

, figureFileSmall=olP38iyw0Fe7S523e8k2Ug==, figureFileBig=GAOLYGjjYaLgbO7/5HjMGA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941735239819441, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Relationship between each key evaluation parameter of shale oil and Fby, figureFileSmall=wQI557NfLntYtUu1un9l/g==, figureFileBig=jvfpZEoow4+TyPBzD1uPvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941735998988469, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, language=CN, label=图3, caption=页岩油关键评价参数与Fby的关系, figureFileSmall=wQI557NfLntYtUu1un9l/g==, figureFileBig=jvfpZEoow4+TyPBzD1uPvg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941736078680246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Fby-based classification of shale oil “sweet spots” in Well Yiye X, Bonan Sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, figureFileSmall=F8hI58aM3z/F9uKd0v8oLw==, figureFileBig=O7FJ4LGqWkQxulkNH67hKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941736368087224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, language=CN, label=图4, caption=渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷渤南洼陷义页X井基于Fby的页岩油“甜点”分级, figureFileSmall=F8hI58aM3z/F9uKd0v8oLw==, figureFileBig=O7FJ4LGqWkQxulkNH67hKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941738066780346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Column chart of shale oil enrichment and high productivity evaluation of Well Yiye X in Bonan Sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, figureFileSmall=p6E6ItRcW0ws0Iu3FZ4oXQ==, figureFileBig=JyDZZNCcvZW5x9QVHkybWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941738133889212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, language=CN, label=图5, caption=渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷渤南洼陷义页X井页岩油富集高产评价柱状图, figureFileSmall=p6E6ItRcW0ws0Iu3FZ4oXQ==, figureFileBig=JyDZZNCcvZW5x9QVHkybWg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941738200998078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Evaluation parameter system for shale oil enrichment and high productivity based on “medium-hydrocarbon-energy” principle, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价要素主要评价参数参数含义
“相”沉积构造、TOC含量、脆性矿物类型与含量、黏土矿物类型与含量反映相介质的物理结构与组成
储集空间类型、孔隙度、孔径(喉)大小、渗透率反映相介质空间的属性
水平两向应力差、杨氏模量、泊松比反映相介质的力学性质
“烃”有机质成熟度、原油密度、原油黏度、原油组分、气油比反映或影响介孔空间内烃类流体的属性
游离烃含量、氢指数、氯仿沥青A、含油率、含油饱和度反映烃生成潜力或介质空间内含烃(油)潜力
“能”地层压力(系数)、地层静压/水柱压力、剩余压力、埋藏深度反映介质空间内流体势能大小和运聚潜力
), ArticleFig(id=1322941738461044929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

基于“相-烃-能”原理的页岩油富集高产评价参数体系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评价要素主要评价参数参数含义
“相”沉积构造、TOC含量、脆性矿物类型与含量、黏土矿物类型与含量反映相介质的物理结构与组成
储集空间类型、孔隙度、孔径(喉)大小、渗透率反映相介质空间的属性
水平两向应力差、杨氏模量、泊松比反映相介质的力学性质
“烃”有机质成熟度、原油密度、原油黏度、原油组分、气油比反映或影响介孔空间内烃类流体的属性
游离烃含量、氢指数、氯仿沥青A、含油率、含油饱和度反映烃生成潜力或介质空间内含烃(油)潜力
“能”地层压力(系数)、地层静压/水柱压力、剩余压力、埋藏深度反映介质空间内流体势能大小和运聚潜力
), ArticleFig(id=1322941738528153795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Assignment method for correction index of shale sedimentary structures, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脆性矿物含量页岩岩相描述沉积构造校正指数赋值
大于50%纹层状页岩脆性矿物含量大于60%,纹层发育(0.9, 1.0]
脆性矿物含量大于60%,纹层较发育或脆性矿物含量大于50%,纹层发育(0.8, 0.9]
层状页岩脆性矿物含量大于60%,层状发育(0.7, 0.8]
脆性矿物含量大于60%,层状较发育或脆性矿物含量大于50%,层状发育(0.6, 0.7]
块状页岩脆性矿物含量大于60%,块状较发育(0.5, 0.6]
脆性矿物含量大于60%,块状发育或脆性矿物含量大于50%,块状较发育(0.4, 0.5]
小于50%纹层状页岩脆性矿物含量大于40%,纹层发育(0.3, 0.4]
脆性矿物含量大于40%,纹层较发育(0.2, 0.3]
层状页岩脆性矿物含量大于30%,层状发育或较发育(0.1, 0.2]
块状页岩脆性矿物含量小于30%,块状发育或较发育(0.0, 0.1]
), ArticleFig(id=1322941738633011397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941717485330459, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

页岩沉积构造校正指数赋值方法

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
脆性矿物含量页岩岩相描述沉积构造校正指数赋值
大于50%纹层状页岩脆性矿物含量大于60%,纹层发育(0.9, 1.0]
脆性矿物含量大于60%,纹层较发育或脆性矿物含量大于50%,纹层发育(0.8, 0.9]
层状页岩脆性矿物含量大于60%,层状发育(0.7, 0.8]
脆性矿物含量大于60%,层状较发育或脆性矿物含量大于50%,层状发育(0.6, 0.7]
块状页岩脆性矿物含量大于60%,块状较发育(0.5, 0.6]
脆性矿物含量大于60%,块状发育或脆性矿物含量大于50%,块状较发育(0.4, 0.5]
小于50%纹层状页岩脆性矿物含量大于40%,纹层发育(0.3, 0.4]
脆性矿物含量大于40%,纹层较发育(0.2, 0.3]
层状页岩脆性矿物含量大于30%,层状发育或较发育(0.1, 0.2]
块状页岩脆性矿物含量小于30%,块状发育或较发育(0.0, 0.1]
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基于“相-烃-能”原理的页岩油富集高产定量评价方法
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刘雅利 1, 2, 3 , 李沛 1, 2, 3 , 李鹏 1, 2, 3 , 马晓潇 1, 2, 3 , 李敏 1, 2, 3 , 陶佳 1, 2, 3
油气藏评价与开发 | 油气勘探 2026,16(6): 1202-1211
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油气藏评价与开发 |油气勘探 2026 , 16 (6) : 1202 -1211
基于“相-烃-能”原理的页岩油富集高产定量评价方法
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刘雅利(1970—),男,博士,研究员,从事油气勘探基础研究及评价部署工作。地址:北京市昌平区沙河镇百沙路197号,邮政编码:102206。E-mail:

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刘雅利(1970—),男,博士,研究员,从事油气勘探基础研究及评价部署工作。地址:北京市昌平区沙河镇百沙路197号,邮政编码:102206。E-mail:

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刘雅利1, 2, 3 , 李沛1, 2, 3, 李鹏1, 2, 3, 马晓潇1, 2, 3, 李敏1, 2, 3, 陶佳1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京 102206
  • 2 中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室,北京 102206
  • 3 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京 102206
通讯作者:
李沛(1991—),男,博士,助理研究员,从事非常规油气理论与勘探评价工作。地址:北京市昌平区沙河镇百沙路197号,邮政编码:102206。E-mail:
作者简介:

刘雅利(1970—),男,博士,研究员,从事油气勘探基础研究及评价部署工作。地址:北京市昌平区沙河镇百沙路197号,邮政编码:102206。E-mail:

Quantitative evaluation method for shale oil enrichment and high productivity based on “medium-hydrocarbon-energy” principle: a case study of Well Yiye X in Bonan Sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China
YALI LIU1, 2, 3 , PEI LI1, 2, 3, PENG LI1, 2, 3, XIAOXIAO MA1, 2, 3, MIN LI1, 2, 3, JIA TAO1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development, Beijing 102206, China
  • 2 Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Technology, Beijing 102206, China
  • 3 Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, Beijing 102206, China
出版时间: 2026-11-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250072
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渤海湾盆地  /  济阳坳陷  /  沙河街组  /  陆相页岩  /  页岩油  /  “相-烃-能”  /  富集特征  /  “甜点”评价
Bohai Bay Basin  /  Jiyang Depression  /  Shahejie Formation  /  continental shale  /  shale oil  /  “medium-hydrocarbon-energy”  /  enrichment characteristics  /  “sweet spot” evaluation
刘雅利, 李沛, 李鹏, 马晓潇, 李敏, 陶佳. 基于“相-烃-能”原理的页岩油富集高产定量评价方法. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (6) : 1202 -1211 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250072
YALI LIU, PEI LI, PENG LI, XIAOXIAO MA, MIN LI, JIA TAO. Quantitative evaluation method for shale oil enrichment and high productivity based on “medium-hydrocarbon-energy” principle: a case study of Well Yiye X in Bonan Sag, Jiyang Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, China[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (6) : 1202 -1211 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250072
近十年来,中国陆相页岩油在准噶尔、松辽、渤海湾、四川等盆地的多个中新生代页岩层系取得重大突破,页岩油年产量增长速度连续多年保持在25%以上,预示着中国页岩油开发已从“点线突破”迈向“规模建产”新阶段。一旦实现大规模效益开发,页岩油革命将改变中国能源格局[1]。然而,中国大陆构造活动性强、盆地分割性明显,发育多类型湖盆沉积体系,导致陆相页岩层系普遍存在相变快、纹层结构复杂、非均质性强等特征[2-6]。这种地质特殊性使得页岩油富集主控因素识别难度大,制约了富集高产“甜点”的准确识别与页岩油效益开发。
当前陆相页岩油富集理论与评价方法研究现状主要表现在两个方面:
1)在理论层面,早期研究主要基于北美海相模型开展参数对比[2,7-8],关注泥页岩有机地化、物性条件、夹层或裂缝等因素[7,9-11]。近年的研究逐步聚焦岩相(组合)、源储配置、微运移动力、自封闭性、可流动性、保存条件等制约陆相页岩油富集与开采的特色要素[4-5,12-20],但尚未形成系统的陆相页岩油富集理论,对于能否建立统一的陆相页岩油富集模式,也未达成共识[4]。
2)在方法层面,现有页岩油富集高产(或“甜点”)评价方法不同程度上存在地质工程参数割裂、定性描述多、定量模型少等问题,导致“甜点”优选可靠性和可操作性不足,评价效果差异大。例如济阳坳陷页岩油从源岩、储层、保存、工程、经济5个方面选取总有机碳(TOC)含量、有机质成熟度、地层压力系数、基质孔隙度、脆性矿物含量和地质结构稳定性6个参数综合评价页岩油“甜点”,参数选取具有地区针对性和适应性,但经验赋值方法和定量模型的缺失不利于进行广泛的应用对比评价。Akinwumiju等[21]基于地质-地球物理多源数据,开展北海Kimmeridge页岩油气潜力评价,借助机器学习等方法,选取TOC含量、烃产率(S2)、氢指数(HI)、总孔隙度和脆性指数5个参数进行了“甜点”编图,但该方法过度的数据依赖性可能并不利于模型推广应用。
除此之外,渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷、苏北盆地溱潼凹陷和高邮凹陷、吉木萨尔凹陷、南襄盆地泌阳凹陷、北部湾盆地涠西南凹陷等均报道了具有地区特色的定性-半定量页岩油“甜点”评价参数体系与评价方法[16,22-27]。但总体上评价参数繁冗且普适性标准缺失,关键参数阈值差异显著,尚未形成机理层面的统一认识。松辽盆地古龙页岩油考虑地质“甜点”(游离烃含量和核磁大孔)和工程“甜点”(脆性矿物含量、杨氏模量、粒度、页理密度和破裂压力)提出了定量的综合“甜点”评价指数,取得较好应用效果;Nelson和James(2023)则针对威利斯顿盆地Bakken页岩油提出“甜点”指数(SSI),包含杨氏模量、体积模量、剪切模量、泊松比、最小水平应力、TOC含量、厚度、孔隙度共8项参数[28],定量模型的应用提高了“甜点”识别效率,指导了压裂开发。
由此可见,目前的页岩油“甜点”评价方法以定性为主,且多具有地区特色,难以适用不同层系多类型页岩油,因此,尚缺乏具有广泛适用性的“甜点”定量评价方法。本文在前人研究基础上,结合多年来页岩油勘探开发实践,尝试从载体(介质相)、流体(烃类)和能量的角度,探索建立基于“相-烃-能”原理的页岩油“甜点”评价方法与技术流程,以期为中国陆相页岩油评价体系建设提供参考,为勘探部署提供可量化的决策工具。
从聚集成藏和有效开采的角度来看,页岩油的富集高产与“相-烃-能”之间的耦合关系密切。具体而言,页岩层系中的储层是烃类滞留的最终场所,也是决定可采性好坏的关键,因而控制了储集性、渗透性和可压性,称为“介质相”(简称“相”,不同于沉积相或岩相);“烃”表征烃类数量和质量的根源,决定了含油性和可动性;“能”表征地层流体动静转换,是控制烃类聚集程度、富集强度和开采效率的关键因素。因此,从根本上来看,原油在页岩系统内有选择性地聚集和流动是“相-烃-能”三要素在时空配置的择优结果,即“相-烃-能”耦合控制了页岩油的富集与高产。中国渤海湾盆地沙河街组、苏北盆地阜宁组、四川盆地凉高山组和南襄盆地核桃园组的页岩油勘探开发表明,总孔隙度(代表“相”)、游离烃含量(代表“烃”)、压力系数(代表“能”)具有明显的相互耦合关系,三者之间的协同效应共同控制了页岩油富集高产(图1)。
页岩“相”指代介质空间,是页岩油富集的载体。孔隙度、渗透率、储集空间类型和孔-缝结构是反映页岩载体属性最直观的参数。陆相页岩油的储集与开发特性受控于其“相”属性,核心在于有机-无机组分类型及其组合模式。物质成分很大程度影响储层物性:通常孔隙度随碳酸盐矿物增加而降低,随黏土矿物、陆源碎屑和有机质增加而升高。有机-无机组分的分布产状进一步控制储集空间发育:块状泥岩的孔-缝储集性差[16],纹层状页岩则因矿物条带接触面及重结晶矿物支撑作用,形成高效网状缝-基质孔隙组合。渗透性受相结构主导,由于刚性矿物层在压实过程中可维持渗流通道,因而相比富黏土纹层状页岩,纹层状富碳酸盐页岩水平渗透率更高。
可压性很大程度上受控于页岩脆性矿物含量及产状:脆性矿物含量高且呈条带状定向排列的纹层状页岩可压性最优,易形成复杂缝网;黏土富集或矿物分散的块状页岩可压性显著降低。不同岩相页岩的可压性差异印证了矿物组成与结构对力学性质的层级控制。
“烃”即页岩油主体,由烃和非烃、沥青质等构成,综合反映了母质类型和有机质成熟度,很大程度上决定其流动能力,进而影响页岩油富集的差异。研究表明,有机质类型和丰度、矿物组分、有机质成熟度等因素对生烃量、烃组分和流动性等特征均会产生不同程度的影响[29]。页岩含油性受生-排-滞留烃过程耦合控制,滞留烃量随有机质成熟度呈单峰变化(峰值介于0.7%~0.9%),流动性则随有机质成熟度持续增强[29],表现为正构烷烃主峰碳数降至10以下、气油比提高[30],且页岩油产能与密度降低呈正相关。有机质成熟度通过调控烃类性质,成为页岩油资源丰度与可采性的核心控制因素。
“能”即地层能量,是页岩层系内流体蕴含的势能,其在物理学上定义为位能,是物质系统因各物体之间(或物体各部分之间)存在相互作用而具有的能量。页岩油运移产出根本上受控于地层流体势能,其动力主要源自相邻层系储层非均质性造成的毛细管压差以及生烃增压、欠压实增压等机制。研究表明,生烃作用会引发显著体积膨胀[31-32],济阳坳陷沙河街组四段上亚段—沙河街组三段下亚段超压带与页岩油富集层深度吻合,证实生烃增压提供核心内驱动力[33-34]。同时,快速沉积会导致孔隙流体滞留形成欠压实超压,增强岩石弹性蓄能并促进裂缝发育[35-36]。势能差异也会直接影响页岩油开发效果,例如异常高压系统(如济阳坳陷沙河街组三段下亚段—沙河街组四段上亚段地层压力系数介于1.4~2.0)会显著提升页岩油渗流效率。此外,“能”也反映了保存条件的好坏,高压力系数反映烃源岩生烃后没有经历大规模的油气运移或破坏[37]。研究表明,页岩油产能与压力系数呈现强正相关关系(图1),生烃与欠压实耦合形成的超压系统,通过驱动烃类运移、提高渗流效率及支撑压裂能量,成为页岩油富集高产的关键要素。
前述分析已明确“相-烃-能”三要素共同控制了页岩油富集高产。其中,“相”评价指数通过孔隙度、TOC含量、沉积构造、脆性矿物含量、杨氏模量等参数表征;“烃”评价指数通过有机质成熟度、原油密度、原油黏度、原油组分、游离烃含量等参数表征;“能”评价指数通过地层压力系数、地层静岩/水柱压力、剩余压力等参数表征(表1)。不同类型页岩油“相-烃-能”关键评价参数的选择需考虑参数之间的因果关联,选择独立且反映评价要素内涵的标志性参数。综合中国页岩油主产区的勘探评价与开发实践[16-17,22-25,27],初步建立了基于“相-烃-能”原理的页岩油富集高产“甜点”评价参数体系(表1)。
基于“相-烃-能”的页岩油“甜点”评价方法在原理上同步考量了三要素的叠加效应对页岩油富集高产的综合影响,且强调了单一要素的劣势会对“甜点”造成明显削弱。因此,采用三要素累乘模型更加有利于富集高产“甜点”的评价。技术流程主要包括:首先,根据孔隙度、脆性矿物含量、杨氏模量等参数间的耦合关系构建介质“相”评价指数;其次,根据原油密度、原油黏度、游离烃含量等参数间耦合关系构建“烃”评价指数;再次,根据压力系数、埋藏深度等参数构建“能”评价指数;最后,通过“相-烃-能”评价指数的耦合获得页岩油富集高产指数(即“甜点”指数,图2)。页岩油富集高产指数越大,页岩油越富集、产能越高。
具体评价步骤如下:
1)通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、X射线衍射(X-ray Diffraction,XRD)分析,结合测井解释等技术方法确定研究页岩样品的岩性岩相、脆性矿物含量、沉积构造发育等特征。其中沉积构造校正指数基于岩石薄片鉴定或计算机断层成像(CT)扫描等技术进行(半)定量评价,其值介于0~1。对于纹层状岩相,纹层越发育,其值越接近于1;对于块状岩相,层理越不发育,其值越接近于0;层状构造介于二者之间。沉积构造校正指数赋值方法见表2。
2)根据“相”要素的评价要求,从表1“相”参数体系中选择适用参数,采用现行的分析测试标准或测井解释技术确定所选择参数赋值,并进行参数的无量纲化。进一步将所获取的孔隙度、渗透率、TOC含量、脆性矿物含量、岩石力学参数、沉积构造校正指数等“相”分析关键参数代入式(1),经归一化处理后,得到“相”评价指数Fm。
Fm=Φκtbmγ×···×ζ
其中,“相”评价指数介于0~1,其值越大表明页岩“相”介质品质越好。ζ为待定系数,可经统计回归分析获得。需要说明的是,偏低熟页岩的储集性贡献主要源于无机孔缝,此时TOC含量对“相”评价指数的影响可忽略;但对于偏高熟页岩,TOC含量对于储集性的贡献显著,此时对“相”评价指数的影响不可忽略。
3)根据“烃”要素的评价要求,从表1“烃”参数体系中选择适用参数,并将获取的镜质体反射率、原油黏度、气油比和剩余压力等“烃”分析关键参数代入式(2),经归一化处理后,得到“烃”评价指数Fl。
Fl=RoμoGGORpr×···×β
其中,Fl介于0~1,其值越大表明页岩“烃”品质越好。β为待定系数,可经统计回归分析获得。
4)根据“能”要素的评价要求,从表1“能”参数体系中选择适用参数,并将获取的页岩埋深、地层压力系数等“能”分析关键参数代入式(3),经归一化处理后,得到Fe。
Fe=pch×···×δ
其中,Fe介于0~1,其值越大表明页岩“能”品质越好。δ为待定系数,可经统计回归分析获得。
5)根据介质Fm、Fl和Fe,构建F(式4)。页岩油F介于0~1,其值越高代表页岩油越易于富集高产,即“甜点”越“甜”。
F=FmFlFe
6)以页岩油产量(Q)或含油饱和度(So)等参数为约束,可对F进行分级评价(如I类“甜点”、Ⅱ类“甜点”、Ⅲ类“甜点”)。基于页岩油F和反映产能参数Q(如含油率、游离烃含量(S1)、1 a累积产油量等参数)的关系,可建立页岩油“甜点”评价预测模型(式5)。
Q=aF
式中:a为待定系数,可经统计回归分析获得。
以渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷渤南洼陷义页X井沙河街组三段下亚段—沙四段上亚段页岩为例,开展基于“相-烃-能”方法的页岩油富集高产评价。首先,基于岩心观察、薄片鉴定、TOC含量测定和矿物XRD分析,结合测井解释技术,获取取心段页岩岩性岩相特征,厘定TOC含量、脆性矿物含量,以及纹层状/层状/块状等沉积构造发育情况,根据表2进行科学赋值,确定不同岩相的沉积构造校正指数。
采用核磁测井孔隙度方法,获得取心段页岩有效孔隙度数据;基于常规测井曲线,解释分析获取取心段页岩杨氏模量参数,并进行无量纲化数据处理。进一步,将获取的TOC含量、脆性矿物含量、孔隙度、岩石力学参数、沉积构造校正指数等关键参数代入“相”评价指数模型(式1),归一化处理后,求得沙河街组三段下亚段—沙河街组四段上亚段页岩“相”评价指数如下所示:
Fm=0.01Φtbmγ
通过建立样品点的最大埋深与Ro的相关关系,实现Ro的预测;由于地下原油密度的获取难度较大,考虑到地面原油密度(ρo)与地下原油黏度具有良好的相关性,使用地面原油密度求取地下原油黏度;基于原始气油比与Ro的相关性,由Ro推导出气油比。pr则根据地层压力与同深度静液压力的差值计算获得,其中地层压力由声波测井曲线计算得到;之后将获取的Ro、地下μo、GGOR和pr等关键参数代入流动性评价指数(式2)进行计算,如下:
Fl=RoμoGGORpr
由于义页X井未开展静压测试,根据钻井泥浆推算其为高压—超压压力系统,基于埋深和估算的地层压力系数获取“能”评价指数Fe,如下式:
Fe=1.45pch
根据“相-烃-能”耦合原理,综合式(6)—式(8)构建渤南洼陷义页X井沙河街组三段下亚段—沙河街组四段上亚段单井评价的富集高产指数Fby,如下式:
Fby=FmFlFe
Fby可反映渤南洼陷义页X井沙河街组三段下亚段—沙河街组四段上亚段页岩油的富集高产能力。分别采用TOC含量、含油饱和度与Fby拟合发现正相关性良好(图3a、图3b),表明该综合指数可以反映“地质甜点”;采用脆性矿物含量和杨氏模量分别与Fby拟合发现同样显示出较好的正相关性(图3c、图3d),表明该综合指数可以反映“工程甜点”:由此可见该指数可综合反映页岩油“地质+工程”双“甜点”,可以作为评价页岩油富集高产的有效指标。
进一步可依据该综合指数分布对“甜点”进行分级。在此实例中,由于“甜点”是个相对概念,可划分为I类“甜点”(0.6<Fby≤1.0)、Ⅱ类“甜点”(0.3<Fby≤0.6)和Ⅲ类“甜点”(0<Fby≤0.3)(图4)。因此,以义页X井为例,纵向上可分别厘定出I类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类页岩油“甜点”段(图4)。在实际勘探开发过程中,I类“甜点”可作为首选压裂试采段。
此外,可利用页岩油Fby和Q数据建立富集高产评价预测模型。以义页X井为例,其纵向上分层组的页岩油产量数据难以获得,但页岩油产量与游离烃含量(S1)相关性较好,以S1为例,可将其类比为Q进行模型建立和验证,并开展页岩油Q预测工作。基于Fby所建立的评价预测模型如下所示:
Q=1.06Fby+0.18
由图5可见,所预测的Q与评价的有利层段一致性较好,即I类“甜点”对应预测产量最高,Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类次之。由此可知,本研究所提出的页岩油“甜点”评价方法具有较好的可操作性和可靠性,对于页岩油“甜点”评价、预测与指导勘探部署具有积极的指导意义。
页岩油“甜点”识别难度较大,提高识别准确率是提高勘探成功率与开发效率的基础与关键[38]。目前国内外针对页岩油“甜点”评价,在方法原理、技术思路、参数选择等方面存在较大差异[21,28,38],形成具有广泛适应性、可对比性强、科学含义明确的“甜点”评价方法是业界面临的关键难题之一。本研究试图从决定页岩油赋存富集的介质(相)空间、制约页岩油流动的烃类性质以及控制页岩油产出的能量角度,构建基于“相-烃-能”原理的页岩油“甜点”评价方法,以期更好地指导水平井靶窗优选。当前该方法在核心参数优选、方法标准化等方面仍然存在不足,未来仍需加强如下几方面研究:①聚焦孔-缝一体化研究,综合刻画介质“相”。页岩是有机-无机组分混合体,多尺度孔-缝系统共同构筑了介质空间,目前裂缝对储层贡献的定量化研究仍然不足;②烃-非烃流体均是赋存于储层多孔介质中的重要流动组分,烃组分类型及组合差异[39-40],以及流固耦合造成的非均质润湿性对页岩储层含油-可动性的影响亦是需要关注的研究方向;③不同类型页岩油会造成地质-工程适配性的差异,针对性的“相-烃-能”参数及其关联度,共性与个性评价参数的调和研究仍需加强;④加强地质-地球物理-数智融合研究,通过多源数据治理、关键参数界限厘定和模型地质解译,有望构建更为科学合理、准确可靠、简易实用的“甜点”模型。
1)陆相页岩油富集高产受“相-烃-能”三要素协同控制。其中,“相”作为储集载体,通过孔隙结构、矿物组成与沉积构造影响储集性、渗透性与可压性;“烃”决定含油性与流动性,受有机质类型、有机质成熟度及原油性质控制;“能”体现为地层压力与流体势能,主导烃类运聚与产出效率。三者在时空上的耦合关系共同决定了页岩油的富集程度与可采性能。
2)初步构建了基于“相-烃-能”原理的页岩油“甜点”定量评价参数体系与数学模型。通过多参数耦合分别计算“相”评价指数、“烃”评价指数和“能”评价指数,进而得到富集高产指数。该指数可实现页岩油“甜点”的定量分级评价,济阳坳陷渤南洼陷沙河街组的实例应用验证了该方法的可靠性与实用性,应用前景较好。
3)本研究提出的评价方法在裂缝系统定量表征、烃-岩相互作用、多参数耦合机制等方面仍存在一定不足,下一步需加强孔缝一体化建模、烃组分非均质性表征、地质-地球物理-数智技术融合以及多层系多类型页岩油矿区应用等系列研究,以提升评价模型的准确性与适应性。

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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250072
  • 接收时间:2026-03-31
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-11-26
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  • 收稿日期:2026-03-31
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    1 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京 102206
    2 中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室,北京 102206
    3 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院,北京 102206

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李沛(1991—),男,博士,助理研究员,从事非常规油气理论与勘探评价工作。地址:北京市昌平区沙河镇百沙路197号,邮政编码:102206。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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