Article(id=1322941688251032376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941491332657306, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250051, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1777996800000, receivedDateStr=2026-05-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343477546, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1795622400000, pubDateStr=2026-11-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343477546, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343477546, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343477546, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941491332657306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='6', pageStart='1137', pageEnd='1368', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1795622400000', pubDateStr='2026-11-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343430598, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344116766, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944369447285513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941491332657306, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944369447285514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941491332657306, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1188, endPage=1201, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322941688515273529, articleId=1322941688251032376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Types and development models of continental shale laminae and lamina combinations: a case study of Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin, columnId=1322941494130258079, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Exploration, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Previous lamina combination schemes have mainly focused on individual laminae or vertically stacked classification of different laminae, leaving room for further exploration at the lamina scale and in terms of genetic mechanisms. Focusing on the shale of the Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin, this study employed a comprehensive range of experimental methods, including polarized light microscopy thin-section identification, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and quantitative mineral analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), to conduct systematic and in-depth research on lamina types, mineral compositions, morphological characteristics, and stacking patterns. The results showed that: (1) the shale in the study area mainly developed four types of laminae: clay-mineral-rich, felsic-mineral-rich, carbonate-mineral-rich, and mixed-mineral laminae. (2) Based on the principle of “dominant lamina thickness + lamina morphology + lamina mineral composition”, a classification scheme for continental shale lamina combinations was established, dividing the shale in the study area into four main types of lamina combinations: thinly interbedded argillaceous type, characterized by thin clay laminae with frequent interbedding; thickly interbedded mixed type, characterized by alternations of thick mixed or felsic laminae with thick clay laminae; thickly interbedded felsic type, dominated by relatively thick felsic laminae, often accompanied by silt-sized particles; and altered mixed type, significantly affected by post-depositional alteration, with notable changes in the original lamina structure. (3) Based on lamina thickness, mineral composition, and morphological characteristics, their genetic mechanisms were identified to include hydrostatic suspension settling, collapse gravity flow, hyperpycnal flow, and post-depositional alteration, and a corresponding developmental model for lamina combinations was established accordingly. This study classified lamina combinations based on genesis, effectively revealing the key parameters and development patterns of different lamina combinations, providing a solid geological basis for in-depth investigation of shale oil enrichment mechanisms and for further screening and prediction of favorable intervals.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=WEI LIU1, 2, MIN WANG1, 2, BAOXIN PAN1, 2, YAN WU1, 2, TIANYI LI1, 2, SHANGDE DONG1, 2, YUXUAN ZHANG1, 2, XINGYU QU1, 2, authorsList=WEI LIU, MIN WANG, BAOXIN PAN, YAN WU, TIANYI LI, SHANGDE DONG, YUXUAN ZHANG, XINGYU QU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=MIN WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322941691686167372, articleId=1322941688251032376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=陆相页岩纹层、纹层组合类型及其发育模式, columnId=1322941494327390371, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气勘探, runingTitle=null, highlight=

以往的纹层组合方案多以单纹层为主体或将不同单纹层进行纵向叠置归类,在纹层尺度与成因机制方面的探索尚存深化空间。本文以松辽盆地青山口组页岩为研究对象,综合运用偏光显微镜薄片鉴定、场发射扫描电镜、X射线衍射矿物定量分析等多种实验手段,对纹层类型、矿物组成、形态特征及叠置规律开展了系统而深入的研究。结果表明:①研究区页岩主要发育富黏土矿物、富长英质矿物、富碳酸盐矿物、混合矿物4大类纹层。②基于“主体纹层厚度+纹层形态+纹层矿物组成”的原则建立了陆相页岩纹层组合划分方案,将研究区页岩划分为4类主要纹层组合:薄互纹黏土质型,以薄层黏土质纹层为主,互层频繁;厚互纹混合质型,表现为厚混合质或长英质纹层与厚黏土质纹层的交替;厚互纹长英质型,以较厚长英质纹层占主导,常伴有粉砂级颗粒;改造后混合质型,受后生改造作用影响显著,原始纹层结构发生明显变化。③基于纹层的厚度、矿物组成及形态特征,识别出其成因包括静水悬浮沉降、垮塌重力流、异重流、沉积后改造,并据此建立了相应的纹层组合发育模式。该研究基于成因划分了纹层组合,有效揭示了不同纹层组合关键参数及发育规律,为深入探究页岩油富集机理、进一步优选和预测有利层段提供了地质依据。

, articleAbstract=null, authors=刘伟1, 2, 王民1, 2, 潘宝昕1, 2, 吴艳1, 2, 李天一1, 2, 董尚德1, 2, 张宇轩1, 2, 曲星宇1, 2, authorsList=刘伟, 王民, 潘宝昕, 吴艳, 李天一, 董尚德, 张宇轩, 曲星宇, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王民, authorNote=

刘伟(2000—),男,在读硕士研究生,主要从事非常规油气地质勘探方向研究。地址:山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,邮政编码:266580。E-mail:

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王民(1981—),男,博士,教授,从事非常规油气地质评价,包括但不局限于致密/页岩油气地质与资源评价方向研究。地址:山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,邮政编码:266580。E-mail:
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刘伟(2000—),男,在读硕士研究生,主要从事非常规油气地质勘探方向研究。地址:山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,邮政编码:266580。E-mail:

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刘伟(2000—),男,在读硕士研究生,主要从事非常规油气地质勘探方向研究。地址:山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,邮政编码:266580。E-mail:

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Tulsa: SEPM (Society for Sedimentary Geology), 2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322941691946214221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941691958797134, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, companyId=1322941691946214221, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941691962991439, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, companyId=1322941691946214221, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 深层油气全国重点实验室(中国石油大学(华东)),山东   青岛 266580)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322941692030100304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941692038488913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, companyId=1322941692030100304, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941692055266130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, companyId=1322941692030100304, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国石油大学(华东) 地球科学与技术学院,山东   青岛 266580)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322941696916464529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Structural unit division and stratigraphic column of Songliao Basin (modified from reference [15]), figureFileSmall=217Dwmem2jeIciU1O4HTAw==, figureFileBig=VFZ/RBx3+EG7hehAeOY9fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941696996156306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=CN, label=图1, caption=松辽盆地构造单元划分和地层柱状图(据文献[15]修改), figureFileSmall=217Dwmem2jeIciU1O4HTAw==, figureFileBig=VFZ/RBx3+EG7hehAeOY9fg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941697239425939, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Microscopic photos of characteristics of four lamina types in shale of Qingshankou Formation of Songliao Basin, figureFileSmall=eZ4Mrn64cjnNuXkVEI2WPQ==, figureFileBig=boRyouP1tCEV7ib8Gz1S3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941697319117716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=CN, label=图2, caption=松辽盆地青山口组页岩中4类纹层特征镜下照片, figureFileSmall=eZ4Mrn64cjnNuXkVEI2WPQ==, figureFileBig=boRyouP1tCEV7ib8Gz1S3A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941697432363925, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Distribution of mineral compositions in different types of laminae, figureFileSmall=H6rvpyuh/gCvlmk6R+PKsw==, figureFileBig=bI9ETFAlJTD3WOKVW0YFRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941697512055702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同类型纹层的矿物组成分布, figureFileSmall=H6rvpyuh/gCvlmk6R+PKsw==, figureFileBig=bI9ETFAlJTD3WOKVW0YFRg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941697604330391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Types of lamina development and microscopic structural characteristics in shale thin sections, figureFileSmall=krtRQuZTp3cKmc7KhPvgOA==, figureFileBig=e95YhfUwpseYJ0+7gEGM3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941697688216472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=CN, label=图4, caption=页岩薄片下纹层发育类型及其微观构造特征

注:a为纹层型页岩,发育黏土质纹层和碳酸盐纹层,C684井1 060.22 m,单偏光;b为纹层型页岩,发育黏土质纹层和碳酸盐纹层,C684井1 033.43 m;c为纹层型页岩,发育厚黏土质纹层和长英质纹层,G10井2 457.88 m,单偏光;d为纹层型页岩,发育黏土质纹层和混合质纹层,Z29井1 845.28 m,单偏光;e为泥纹型页岩,发育黏土质纹层和层状有机质,C68井1 122.35 m,单偏光;f为纹层型页岩,黏土质纹层和纯碳酸盐纹层,C68井1 120.99 m,单偏光;g为纹层型页岩,发育厚黏土质纹层和长英质纹层,YX82井2 421.56 m,单偏光;h为纹层型页岩,发育黏土质纹层和混合质纹层,Z29井1 844.53 m,单偏光;i为泥纹型页岩,薄黏土质纹层之间被薄长英质纹层分隔开,纹层平直、连续,G7井2462.1m,单偏光;j为泥纹型页岩,薄介壳纹层漂浮在黏土质纹层中,纹层平直、较连续,Z29井1 809.93 m,单偏光;k为泥纹型页岩,薄黏土质纹层之间被薄长英质纹层分隔开,纹层平直、连续,Z29井1 809.93 m,单偏光;l为纹层型页岩,长英质纹层加积在厚黏土纹层之间,长英质纹层内显示粒序,底部发育冲刷面,YX82井2 421.56 m,单偏光;m为纹层型页岩,底部发育冲刷面,中部为平行层理,向上过渡变为黏土质纹层,粒序层理,识别为鲍马序列Td、Te段,GX544井2 184.47 m,单偏光;n为纹层型页岩,厚长英质纹层顶部发育薄介壳纹层,再向上过渡为黏土质纹层,L132井1 938.55 m,单偏光;o为厚介壳纹层加积在厚黏土质纹层之间,介壳碎片部分被黄铁矿交代,ZY1井1 972.3 m,单偏光;p为泥晶方解石形成纯碳酸盐纹层,纹层平直、连续,不具流动成因特征,邻近介壳部分方解石重结晶明显,C68井1 060.22 m,单偏光;q为泥晶白云石形成纯碳酸盐纹层,呈浅灰色,C68井1 033.43 m,单偏光;r为厚长英质纹层与介壳纹层形成混合质纹层,纹层平直性差,L132井1 951.49 m,单偏光;s为混合质纹层底部因液化后密度倒置侵入下伏黏土质纹层,形成液化砂脉,YX82井2 392.41 m,单偏光;t为厚长英质纹层底部因液化后密度倒置侵入下伏黏土质纹层,形成改造后液化砂脉,PX85井1 948.1 m,单偏光;u为生物潜穴被陆源粉砂充填,YX82井2 390.21 m,单偏光;v为洪水异重流发育时,水体动荡,底栖生物逃窜痕迹被陆源粉砂充填,YX82井2 392.41 m,单偏光;w为陆源沉积物携带大量营养物质,底栖生物觅食留下反复搅动痕迹,L132井1 938.55 m,单偏光;x为液化作用产生肠状液化砂脉,纵向切穿纹层,PX85井1948.1m,单偏光。

, figureFileSmall=krtRQuZTp3cKmc7KhPvgOA==, figureFileBig=e95YhfUwpseYJ0+7gEGM3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941697763713945, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Scanning electron microscope images of laminae in shale of Qingshankou Formation of Songliao Basin, figureFileSmall=sE2/2MSLuSAsBet/gvyGiQ==, figureFileBig=mk9xVtIAZ6QsPaZaSuheSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941697835017114, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=CN, label=图5, caption=松辽盆地青山口组页岩纹层扫描电镜照片

注:a为薄黏土质纹层与薄介壳纹层,介壳碎片部分被黄铁矿交代,ZY1井2 039.72 m;b为a中薄黏土质纹层高倍数扫描电镜图像,可看到大量泥级长英质矿物和大量有机质,ZY1井2 039.72 m;c为黏土矿物、有机质形成黏土-有机复合体,赋存在泥级长英质矿物与黏土矿物形成的“卡房”结构内,ZY1井2 039.72 m;d为介壳大部分被方解石交代,胶结作用较强烈,G10井2 592.4 m;e为介壳被黄铁矿交代,整体胶结作用强烈,YX82井2 299.86 m;f为白云石呈自形或半自形,出现典型的雾心亮边特征,含大量有机质,C68井1 122.35 m;g为黏土质纹层与厚长英质纹层,厚长英质纹层内见大量陆源高等植物碎屑,PX85井1 998.5 m;h为 g中厚长英质纹层高倍数扫描电镜图像,可看到粉砂级长石英和高等植物碎屑,PX85井1 998.5 m;i为黏土矿物单独存在于长英质颗粒之间,不形成黏土-有机复合体,PX85井1 998.5 m;j为厚长英质纹层内见大量陆源高等植物碎屑,胶结作用较强烈,GX544井2 184.47 m;k为陆源有机质,与陆源长英质矿物起到骨架作用,GX544井2 184.47 m;l为黏土矿物存在于粉砂级长石英之间,不形成黏土-有机复合体,GX544井2 184.47 m。

, figureFileSmall=sE2/2MSLuSAsBet/gvyGiQ==, figureFileBig=mk9xVtIAZ6QsPaZaSuheSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941697923097499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Classification scheme of lamina combinations for laminated to thinly-bedded shale in Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin, figureFileSmall=bqpIF4bfGlCkHGIbFXWtJA==, figureFileBig=kwoE/moqn5m9c5xeyExLEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941697990206364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=CN, label=图6, caption=松辽盆地青山口组泥纹型—纹层型页岩纹层组合划分方案, figureFileSmall=bqpIF4bfGlCkHGIbFXWtJA==, figureFileBig=kwoE/moqn5m9c5xeyExLEw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941698103452573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Classification results of lamina combinations in Qingshankou Formation shale of Songliao Basin, figureFileSmall=6DUM4Z+wqCD8360jdIM59g==, figureFileBig=NvD7Zh4m8zu6tlqxR6ZPNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941698195727262, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=CN, label=图7, caption=松辽盆地青山口组页岩纹层组合划分结果, figureFileSmall=6DUM4Z+wqCD8360jdIM59g==, figureFileBig=NvD7Zh4m8zu6tlqxR6ZPNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941698275419039, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Development types of laminae combinations and their typical combination patterns in different oil-bearing layer groups of the deep-lacustrine area, figureFileSmall=ezaxu+q4hg5XTf8Lfkiw8w==, figureFileBig=y79OEr05iY9WpVEVcVAmww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941698342527904, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=CN, label=图8, caption=深湖区不同油层组纹层组合发育类型及其典型组合模式

注:1 in=0.025 4 m;以G10井为例,测井曲线来自大庆油田。

, figureFileSmall=ezaxu+q4hg5XTf8Lfkiw8w==, figureFileBig=y79OEr05iY9WpVEVcVAmww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941698422219681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Sedimentary distribution and development model of shale lamina combinations, figureFileSmall=btw46Zex2sV9uVYNVRd08g==, figureFileBig=o78c3C/qOhizLva4DW6sLQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941698501911458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941688251032376, language=CN, label=图9, caption=页岩纹层组合沉积分布及发育模式

注:a为厚互纹长英质型,YX82井(物源斜坡)2 328.31 m(Q7油层组);b为厚互纹混合质型,GX544井(过渡区)2 184.47 m(Q7油层组);c为厚互纹混合质型,YX82井(物源斜坡)2 421.56 m(Q1油层组);d为薄互纹黏土质型,G7井(深湖区)2 462.1 m(Q7油层组);e为厚互纹混合质型,C68井(远源斜坡)1 120.99 m(Q2油层组)。

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陆相页岩纹层、纹层组合类型及其发育模式
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刘伟 1, 2 , 王民 1, 2 , 潘宝昕 1, 2 , 吴艳 1, 2 , 李天一 1, 2 , 董尚德 1, 2 , 张宇轩 1, 2 , 曲星宇 1, 2
油气藏评价与开发 | 油气勘探 2026,16(6): 1188-1201
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油气藏评价与开发 |油气勘探 2026 , 16 (6) : 1188 -1201
陆相页岩纹层、纹层组合类型及其发育模式
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刘伟(2000—),男,在读硕士研究生,主要从事非常规油气地质勘探方向研究。地址:山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,邮政编码:266580。E-mail:

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刘伟(2000—),男,在读硕士研究生,主要从事非常规油气地质勘探方向研究。地址:山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,邮政编码:266580。E-mail:

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刘伟1, 2 , 王民1, 2, 潘宝昕1, 2, 吴艳1, 2, 李天一1, 2, 董尚德1, 2, 张宇轩1, 2, 曲星宇1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 深层油气全国重点实验室(中国石油大学(华东)),山东   青岛 266580
  • 2 中国石油大学(华东) 地球科学与技术学院,山东   青岛 266580
通讯作者:
王民(1981—),男,博士,教授,从事非常规油气地质评价,包括但不局限于致密/页岩油气地质与资源评价方向研究。地址:山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,邮政编码:266580。E-mail:
作者简介:

刘伟(2000—),男,在读硕士研究生,主要从事非常规油气地质勘探方向研究。地址:山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,邮政编码:266580。E-mail:

Types and development models of continental shale laminae and lamina combinations: a case study of Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin
WEI LIU1, 2 , MIN WANG1, 2, BAOXIN PAN1, 2, YAN WU1, 2, TIANYI LI1, 2, SHANGDE DONG1, 2, YUXUAN ZHANG1, 2, XINGYU QU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 National Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
  • 2 School of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
出版时间: 2026-11-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250051
文章导航
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松辽盆地  /  陆相页岩  /  页岩油  /  纹层组合  /  纹层  /  纹层成因  /  青山口组
Songliao Basin  /  continental shale  /  shale oil  /  lamina combinations  /  lamina  /  lamina genesis  /  Qingshankou Formation
刘伟, 王民, 潘宝昕, 吴艳, 李天一, 董尚德, 张宇轩, 曲星宇. 陆相页岩纹层、纹层组合类型及其发育模式. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (6) : 1188 -1201 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250051
WEI LIU, MIN WANG, BAOXIN PAN, YAN WU, TIANYI LI, SHANGDE DONG, YUXUAN ZHANG, XINGYU QU. Types and development models of continental shale laminae and lamina combinations: a case study of Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (6) : 1188 -1201 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250051
随着非常规油气资源逐渐成为世界油气勘探的重点领域,页岩成为众多学者研究的热点[1]。传统上,页岩被简化为均质、连续的“黑色页岩”,随着高精度页岩储层研究和微观分析技术的进步,研究发现页岩在宏观和微观尺度上同样具有复杂的非均质性[2-3]。构成这种非均质性的最基本单元便是纹层[4]。纹层是沉积物在低能、静水环境(如深湖、半深湖)中,由季节、气候或悬浮物质供应变化导致的不同成分物质缓慢、间歇性沉降的产物[5-6]。不同单纹层在纵向上通过矿物组成、有机质与孔隙的差异性排列,构架出多样的纹层组合;这些组合主导了页岩储层各向异性的渗透率与储集性,进而对可动流体饱和度与流体运移效率形成主导性控制。
前人将用于对页岩进行分类的“纹层状”一词概括为所有在岩心中单层厚度小于1 mm的细粒沉积岩[7],对不同纹层的显微几何特征及成分差异关注较少。近年来,越来越多的学者通过多尺度实验技术进行纹层特征分析:电镜尺度下通过场发射扫描电镜及电子探针矿物识别技术,揭示纹层的微观结构、发育的孔隙类型及孔隙形态,探究纹层储集性差异[8];岩心与薄片尺度的显微分析是识别纹层沉积结构的基础,配合X射线衍射(XRD)等技术可定量解析纹层的矿物与地球化学组成,辅助分析成因[9]。测井尺度将样品的元素扫描与测井电成像、阵列声波、常规和核磁共振测井参数相结合,提取表征页岩纹层组不同属性的测井信息,阐述页岩纹层测井评价的方法体系[10]。也有学者对纹层组合进行划分并探讨其储集性、含油性以及可压裂性的差异,划分方案集中在:一是依据主体纹层的几何形态、厚度及成分等特征进行组合分类,例如根据主体纹层类型或其发育频率密度(如富有机质纹层、砂质纹层、凝灰质纹层等)划分组合类型[11-13];二是基于纹层在垂向上的叠置顺序与结构进行组合分类,常表现为“A+B”或类似形式(如黏土矿物纹层+长英质粉砂纹层等),通过描述不同纹层的纵向交替规律来定义组合模式[14-15]。松辽盆地陆相青山口组页岩纹层广泛发育,尺度变化大。以往对松辽盆地有关纹层的研究主要集中在纹层状页岩与块状页岩储集性对比、单纹层的分类与储集差异对比[16-17],以及将不同纹层纵向叠置进行纹层组合划分[15]等方面。单纹层的精准识别和基于成因的纹层组合类型的深入解析仍显不足,导致纹层组合发育模式不清晰,纹层组合的整体应用不足。
基于此,本文以松辽盆地青山口组页岩为例,在岩心观察的基础上,采用光学显微镜观察、氩离子抛光-场发射扫描电镜观察、QEMSCAN矿物定量分析与XRD测试等多种分析手段,对青山口组页岩纹层结构进行岩心尺度宏观和薄片尺度微观的详细刻画,系统揭示页岩纹层的成因机制并深入解析其空间组合规律,建立页岩不同纹层组合类型发育模式。
松辽盆地是中国东北部最大的沉积盆地,长约750 km,宽介于330~370 km,总面积约26×104 km2,是目前世界上已经发现的油气资源最丰富的陆相沉积盆地之一[18]。松辽盆地由6个一级构造单元和32个二级构造单元组成,从北向南一级构造单元依次为北部倾没区、西部斜坡区、东北隆起区、中央坳陷区、东南隆起区和西南隆起区[19]。研究区主体位于中央坳陷区,是盆地的主要含油气构造单元,东西横跨齐家—古龙凹陷、大庆长垣和三肇凹陷3个次级构造单元[20](图1)。
青山口组沉积时期,松辽盆地处于裂后热沉降阶段,构造相对稳定,断裂活动规模小,湖盆持续下沉[21]。古龙地区主要为半深湖—深湖相沉积,古沉积环境为温暖潮湿的亚热带—温带环境,沉积了大套厚层状灰黑色、黑色纹层状页岩,同时含有大量介形虫、叶肢介及植物碎屑化石以及少量方解石纹层[22]。三肇凹陷位于中央坳陷区东部,远离北部和西部物源,受淡水影响较小,发育短期小范围的咸水沉积环境[18]。
本次研究选取C68、Z29、ZY1、L132、PX85、GX544、YX82、G7、G10共9口井(图1a)的岩心样品,样品范围覆盖松辽盆地青山口组Q1至Q9油层组(图1b)。通过偏光显微镜观察、氩离子抛光-场发射扫描电镜观察、QEMSCAN矿物定量分析技术、XRD实验,系统开展页岩纹层的识别与分类工作,进行页岩纹层的矿物组成、结构与成因研究,建立松辽盆地青山口组页岩纹层组合分类方案及其发育模式。
松辽盆地青山口组页岩主要发育富黏土矿物纹层(以下简称黏土质纹层)、富长英质矿物纹层(以下简称长英质纹层)、富碳酸盐矿物纹层(以下简称碳酸盐纹层)和混合矿物纹层(以下简称混合质纹层)4类纹层(图2)。根据纹层成因及厚度划分出薄黏土质纹层、厚黏土质纹层、薄长英质纹层、厚长英质纹层、薄介壳纹层、厚介壳纹层、纯碳酸盐纹层、长英-黏土混合质纹层和长英-介壳-黏土混合质纹层9个亚类。
不同纹层的矿物分布具有明显差异(图3),尤其是碳酸盐纹层表现出较大的组分变化。部分“高能成因”碳酸盐纹层因重力流剪切作用混合了陆源长英质矿物与内源介壳,作为事件沉积被搬运至半深湖环境,从而在矿物组成上呈现长英质矿物含量异常偏高的特征。
松辽盆地青山口组样品总有机碳(TOC)含量整体低于6%[23],在单偏光显微镜下几乎观察不到有机质纹层,仅在三肇凹陷等低熟区域观察到黏土质纹层被层状有机质分隔,高熟区层状有机质呈丝状、断线状,纹层性特征不明显。此外,湖中心沉积区域发育少量的黄铁矿纹层,成层性较差且不连续。本文旨在探讨基于成因的纹层类型及组合划分方案。纹层识别与分类主要综合了2个维度:一是单偏光下可识别的矿物组分、纹层形态及微观沉积构造(图4);二是扫描电镜下有机质与矿物的组成及其形貌特征(图5)。基于此准则,有机质与黄铁矿纹层未作为独立的单纹层类型纳入本文的详细讨论范畴。
黏土质纹层以黏土矿物和泥级(小于3.9 μm)的长英质矿物为主,因此,也称为“泥纹”,为古龙页岩主体。黏土质纹层在薄片下呈黑褐色—褐色的丝线状,被层状有机质(图4e)或薄粉砂级长英质纹层分隔开(图4i、图5k)。黏土质纹层内部或之间偶见漂浮的粉砂—砂级碎屑(图4i),这些碎屑结构满足斯托克斯定律[24],指示悬浮沉降成因。
电镜下可见黏土质纹层发育大量泥级石英和长石、黏土矿物、有机质和少量黄铁矿(图5a)。泥级长英质矿物、黏土矿物在悬浮沉降过程中易吸附有机质形成絮凝体[25-27](图5c)。石英包含陆源碎屑石英和自生石英;黏土矿物以片状伊利石和伊-蒙混层为主,有机质以低等藻类生物有机质为主,常以黏土-有机复合体的形式存在。泥级的长英质矿物与黏土矿物形成“卡房”结构,为黏土-有机复合体提供有效的储存空间。单个黏土质纹层厚度在200 μm以下,黏土质纹层长时间稳定沉积,在岩心上以厚黏土质纹层的形态产出,厚度通常在1 000 μm以上。
长英质纹层以陆源石英、长石矿物为主,根据纹层成因及厚度,又分为薄长英质纹层(微米级)和厚长英质纹层(亚毫米—毫米级)。薄长英质纹层在岩心上难以用肉眼识别出来,在薄片下呈浅色、平直、连续板状,通常发育于单黏土质纹层之间,厚度在100 μm以下。厚长英质纹层在岩心上呈浅灰色—灰色、平直、连续板状,在薄片下呈亮灰色(图4l、图4m),因此也被称作亮纹层[28]。厚长英质纹层以粉砂—细砂级碎屑结构的长英质矿物为主,部分纹层内部发育粒序层理,底部发育冲刷面。
电镜下长英质矿物之间排列紧密,粒间充填黏土矿物。与黏土质纹层不同,该纹层内几乎不含黏土-有机复合体,黏土矿物单独存在(图5i、图5l),同时可看到陆源输入的高等植物碎屑充填在长英质矿物颗粒间(图5h、图5k),与长英质矿物伴生,高熟条件下几乎不转化,与石英、长石起到骨架的作用,指示该纹层为陆源输入为主、快速沉积的产物。纹层厚度在100~5 000 μm,单纹层厚度差异大,纹层发育频率变化大。
碳酸盐纹层以碳酸盐矿物为主,根据纹层组成矿物来源及成因,又分为薄介壳纹层(微米级)、厚介壳纹层(毫米级)和纯碳酸盐纹层。薄介壳纹层位于厚长英质纹层的上部,主要由介形虫壳壁构成,呈半月状、长条状,与长英质矿物、黏土矿物组成三元纹层结构(图4n)。纹层内介壳碎片定向排列程度高;另一种薄介壳纹层为夹在厚黏土纹层中的介壳纹层(微米级),介壳定向排列,破碎严重(图4j),指示强压实的特点,同时该纹层内的介形虫部分被黄铁矿交代(图5a),指示长期稳定的深水强还原环境。
厚介壳纹层为介形虫群集性“灾变”死亡后,由原地堆积的介形虫尸体经过底流或风暴潮不断侵蚀、搬运、再沉积作用形成。介壳分布较为均匀,结构破碎,介形虫壳体外缘被方解石交代,介形虫的内核被石英颗粒填充(图4o)。此外,还偶见介形虫灰岩夹层,该夹层可能是由介形虫死亡后原地埋藏堆积形成,夹层内介形虫结构保持完整,分布均匀,呈块状构造。
纯碳酸盐纹层以方解石、白云石矿物为主,与介壳纹层不同,研究区的纯碳酸盐纹层主要分布在中央坳陷东部。方解石纹层平直、连续,不具流动成因的特点,为水体中直接析出的碳酸盐矿物在静水下悬浮沉降到湖底形成;白云石纹层在薄片下呈浅灰色,以泥晶白云石和黏土矿物为主(图4q),电镜下可见纹层内分布着大量的有机质。白云石呈自形或半自形紧密镶嵌分布,有明显的雾心亮边的典型特征(图5f)。雾心为生物或生物化学作用产生的白云石沉积颗粒(图5f),随着成岩作用的进行,重结晶作用不断加强,雾心白云石周边形成第二期亮边白云石。
混合质纹层在岩心上表现为亮色,与厚长英质纹层、厚介壳纹层形态一致,难以直接分辨。薄片下可见该纹层由长英质矿物和介壳组成,部分顶部富含黏土矿物,底部发育冲刷面(图4r、图4s)。纹层内部呈现长英—介壳—黏土三元分布特征和长英质矿物—介壳混合的特征(图4r、图4s)。
本次研究借鉴前人对纹层的划分方案[11,29-30],结合上述研究区实际纹层发育规律,依据主体纹层厚度、纹层形态及保存状态、纹层矿物组成,同时结合沉积成因,创建研究区纹层组合划分方案(图6)。
通过大视域拼接显微薄片+微区元素分布划分出薄互纹黏土质型、厚互纹混合质型、厚互纹长英质型和改造后混合质型纹层组合(图7),并对上述纹层组合模式化,通过精细岩心观察,分析出核心区不同油层组(纵向)的纹层组合发育特征(图8)。
薄互纹黏土质型纹层组合:由连续的薄黏土质纹层相互叠置组成,纹层接近等厚,纹层发育频率稳定,泥级碎屑结构含量稳定,其含量反映了稳定远源的沉积环境[31]。单纹层厚度约100~200 μm,纹层之间被层状有机质分隔开,或部分被断续的黄铁矿纹层分隔开,在低成熟度页岩中这种纹层性更加明显,在高成熟度页岩中纹层性相对减弱,在薄片下仅能看到微弱的纹层性特征,肉眼难以在岩心中观察到。这种纹层组合类型高度富集Si、Al和K元素,为高黏土含量输入的远距离沉积,主要分布在块状泥岩和中高有机质纹层状黏土质页岩中。部分纹层内偶见漂浮的介壳碎片,破碎严重,定向排列,为薄介壳纹层。此外,薄长英质纹层也可以将薄黏土质纹层分隔开(图4i、图5k)。这种纹层组合类型的纹层发育频率极高,可达3 000条/m,这种高频率纹层的发育,使得纹层之间的力学性质差异频繁出现,极易产生裂缝,薄片下可观察到大量的裂缝(图4k)。
厚互纹混合质型纹层组合:主要由亮纹层(厚长英质纹层或厚介壳纹层)与稳定沉积积累的厚黏土质纹层组合形成。厚长英质纹层厚度变化大,没有绝对的最大值和最小值[32],在岩心上呈现不等厚的亮—暗互层组合模式,亮纹层厚度取决于供给远近[33],暗纹层厚度取决于稳定沉积环境持续时间。这种纹层组合富集Si、Al元素,指示强烈的陆源输入,同时指示内源沉积的Ca元素较富集,主要发育在中高有机质层状、纹层状混合质页岩中。纹层发育频率中等,约1 000~2 000条/m,在纹层界限处,尤其是厚长英质纹层的底部,由于冲刷面的存在和纹层之间力学性质的差异,极易发育裂缝(图4c)。在中央坳陷东部凹陷区域,会出现厚纯碳酸盐纹层与厚黏土质纹层的组合模式,碳酸盐矿物成层或单独漂浮在黏土质纹层中,粒径粗,颗粒明亮,重结晶作用明显,部分临近介壳的方解石晶体易发生重结晶作用形成纤维状方解石纹层(图4p)。
厚互纹长英质型纹层组合:与上述厚互纹混合质型纹层组合相似,但长英质纹层发育频繁,在岩心上呈多条高频率亮纹层,该类纹层组合强烈富集陆源Si、Al元素,内源沉积的Ca元素富集程度弱,为多期陆源异重流、重力流沉积。这种事件沉积主导的纹层组合类型的厚度和频率变化大,厚度从几厘米到数百厘米不等[26,30,34]。
该纹层组合形态复杂多样,呈不规则形、透镜体、蚯蚓状等,由先期沉积的厚长英质纹层、厚介壳纹层及厚混合质纹层经历破坏再沉积作用(如生物扰动、液化作用)形成(图4u、图4v、图4w)。这种纹层组合富集Si、Al元素,同时指示内源沉积的Ca元素也较富集,但纹层保存条件较差。这种纹层组合形态的改变可以实现2个或多个纹层的相互穿插,加强纵向上多个纹层之间的沟通。
在水动力较强的前三角洲至半深湖中,事件发生频繁。纹层的发育受事件沉积的控制,可能呈现出较强的层理分异的特点。而在低能深湖相中,由于水流的弱势作用,以静水悬浮沉降为主,纹层通常表现出较好的层理完整性和细粒特征,纹层连续性强,季节性特征保存条件好。因此,沉积相控制的纹层沉积模式与物源供给、地质过程密切相关,同时也反映了沉积环境的水动力特征。
对于处于靠近湖中央的深湖区域,陆源供给较为强烈,或者洪水期水动力增强,使得深湖区水体中的陆源碎屑供给增多。粒径小于10 μm的颗粒无法克服自身重力沉降[32],此时水体中悬浮大量黏土矿物和粉砂级陆源碎屑矿物,黏土矿物与陆源碎屑矿物因生物作用[35]和自身电荷[36]絮凝到一起形成大颗粒并一起沉降,絮凝大颗粒在沉降过程中相互碰撞[37],粗粉砂先从絮凝体中丢失、沉积,进而形成薄长英质纹层,而较细的黏土和有机质则继续以絮凝体的形式迁移沉降[38-39],形成了薄黏土质纹层和薄长英质纹层互层的组合形式。
根据Stokes沉降公式,可以计算出粉砂级粒径的沉降速度可以达到黏土矿物泥级结构的数百倍[40]。随着水体中粉砂级长英质矿物的逐渐沉降消耗,湖中央水体中黏土矿物含量比例升高,逐渐向深湖静水悬浮沉降模式过渡。
中央坳陷西部陆源物质供给充足,远离斜坡的湖中央供给较弱。陆源物质随河水一起流入湖泊时,由于河流水体与湖水密度存在差异,粒径细、分布稀疏的陆源物质因其承载水体密度低于湖水,会在湖水表面向湖盆中央流动,形成异轻流[32],使得这部分陆源物质在低能环境下长时间处于悬浮状态,最终到达深湖中央。湖水中悬浮的大量黏土矿物相互吸附,通过絮凝作用形成黏土-有机复合体沉降,最终形成以泥级粒径为主的富有机质黏土质纹层。秋冬季陆源供应不足,大量藻类等生物死亡[41],在深湖区形成连续的层状有机质;同时,长期稳定的深水还原环境使得局部发育断续的黄铁矿纹层[42]。古龙—齐家凹陷长时间处于深湖相沉积环境,长时间的稳定静水悬浮沉降形成了以黏土矿物为主(少量内源生物残骸偶尔漂浮在黏土质纹层中,指示悬浮沉降)的深湖区超细粒纹层状页岩。
松辽盆地东部属于相对封闭型湖泊,长期处于这种封闭状态的湖盆水体受陆源供应少,使得水体对碳酸盐的“稀释”作用很弱,水体富含Ca2+、Mg2+,广泛发育咸水沉积环境。气候变化和某些微生物活动会使得水体碳酸盐浓度产生变化,碳酸盐物质继而发生后续沉积过程。如湖水蒸发浓缩时,湖水中所有溶解离子的浓度协同性增强[37](Ca²⁺和CO32–浓度同时增加);浮游藻类的光合作用吸收水体中溶解的CO2,使得水体CO2含量降低,CO32–浓度升高;底栖生物的活动可以改变沉积物—水界面的化学条件,影响方解石的沉淀或溶解等[37,43]。当生物作用和蒸发作用均可使得Ca²⁺和CO32–离子活度积超过方解石的溶度积常数时,湖水可达到过饱和状态,此时方解石晶体易从过饱和的湖水中自发析出(原生沉淀)形成连续、平直的纯碳酸盐纹层(图4f)。
重力流是形成深水细粒粉砂质和泥质沉积物的重要搬运方式和沉积作用之一[44-46],深湖页岩层系发育的页岩油“甜点”段大多为细粒重力流沉积物[47]。
滑动—滑塌沉积是在一定触发机制下(如风暴、地震等),沉积物由于自身重力作用,沿斜面向下的分力不足以克服沉积物内部的内聚力,导致斜坡高部位先存的沉积物发生再搬运,沿斜坡以连续或不连续块体(刚性固体)形式向斜坡底部运动,在斜坡下部平缓地带堆积形成的沉积体[48-49]。这种事件发生迅速、持续时间短,先期沉积物、介壳滩可以在风暴、波浪的侵蚀下,形成多源混积沉积物,被流水搬运至深湖区域沉积。在岩心上表现为暗色厚黏土质纹层中发育单条亮色纹层,在薄片下亮色纹层显示为长英质—介壳—黏土这种三元结构,底部发育冲刷面,反映了幕式沉积的特征。
异重流是一种由洪水期河口流体密度大于湖水密度而形成的沿盆地底部流动的特殊浊流[50],不需要沉积物的早期积累、再搬运及地震、火山、风暴、海啸等触发机制,具有较高频率和持续性,通过多期抬升作用延伸距离可达几千米[32,51]。因此,在深湖沉积区岩心上可看到频率较高的亮暗纹层呈不等厚互层;在薄片下,可看到底部发育冲刷面的长英质纹层,向上逐渐发育长英质纹层与黏土质纹层互层段,最顶部为黏土质纹层。该成因的纹层可识别为鲍马序列的Td、Te段[52],反映了洪水持续作用的结果。因为洪水成因的异重流的发育不需要触发机制,所以岩心上会呈现频繁的亮暗纹层互层,亮纹层内部还发育细小的平行层理和粒序层理,记录了洪水增强和衰退的变化[53]。研究区主要发育的正粒序反映了洪水衰退过程,洪水增强产生的逆粒序在达到洪水高峰期时会被搬运,不易在远端保存,所以可能只保留正粒序(图4l)。长英质矿物粒间充填黏土矿物杂基,不经絮凝作用形成,为快速堆积的产物,因此有机质含量低,主要为长英质矿物之间的陆源高等植物碎片,在高成熟度条件下几乎不转化(图5h、图5k)。
异重流将陆源长英质矿物沿水底进行搬运,形成具冲刷面、粒序层理等典型识别特征的长英质纹层,部分长英质纹层内部出现薄介壳纹层,反映了洪水期河流水体加深,水动力增强,侵蚀浅水介壳滩,将介壳和陆源碎屑搬运至深水区,形成具粒序层理的厚长英质纹层或厚混合质纹层。
垂向组合上,多期洪水引起的重力流形成的厚长英质纹层和稳定悬浮沉降积累形成的厚黏土纹层形成组合,在岩心上呈现出亮—暗互层。在这种纹层组合模式下,多期积累形成的厚黏土纹层富含大量有机质,生烃能力强,多期的厚长英质纹层横穿分布在厚黏土质纹层内部,可以形成微观的生-储组合。
高能相带事件频发,风暴作用既可以作为垮塌的触发机制,也可以使新沉积的粉砂纹层发生液化,失去内聚力,转变为可流动状态。前三角洲—半深湖过渡区域刚沉积的黏土为絮凝结构,含水率极高,由于密度差异的存在,上部密度大的长英质纹层可能会由于重力作用向下穿透、置换密度小的下伏液化黏土,形成蚯蚓状、肠状液化砂脉,纵穿多个纹层。
浅湖区域生活着大量的底栖生物(如蠕虫、甲壳类),它们在沉积物表面或浅层摄食、移动,对先前沉积的纹层产生改造,形成了具生物扰动、生物遗迹的纹层结构。当水体安静时,底栖生物在此生活、繁衍,在松软的黏土质纹层掘出洞穴生存活动(图4u)。前三角洲—半深湖过渡相带高能事件频发,洪水期频繁时期,异重流发育,此时水体动荡,底栖生物逃离,逃窜的痕迹被密度高的长英质矿物充填(图4v)。洪水携带了大量的陆源营养物质,洪水退去后,底栖生物在洪水形成的厚长英质纹层上反复觅食,搅动了厚长英质纹层的形态,形成了长英质纹层和黏土质纹层的混杂形态(图4w)。
不论泄水作用还是生物扰动作用,都在一定程度上破坏了纹层的初始形态和完整性,同时加强了纵向上一个或多个不同纹层之间的沟通,具有一定油气地质意义。但随着生物扰动的加强,到4~5级强烈扰动或完全扰动时[54],几乎实现了不同纹层的均质化,可能会进一步加强长英质矿物之间的黏土胶结。
青山口组页岩纹层发育受悬浮沉降、重力流事件沉积及沉积后作用共同控制,在空间上呈现清晰的沉积相带分异特征(图9)。西部和北部物源斜坡区因陆源碎屑供给强烈,高频洪水异重流与悬浮沉降共同作用,形成厚互纹长英质型纹层组合;在核心区外围的斜坡—半深湖过渡带,陆源输入减弱,厚层长英质或混合质纹层周期性叠加于静水悬浮沉降形成的厚黏土质纹层之上,发育厚互纹混合质型页岩(长英质-黏土质纹层组合),可构成良好的微观生-储配置;湖盆中心核心探区长期处于深湖静水还原环境,以黏土-有机复合体缓慢加积为主,季节性藻类暴发形成富有机质层及黄铁矿纹层,主要发育薄互纹黏土质型页岩;而在远源斜坡区,陆源供给不足,生物繁盛期碳酸盐通过生物诱导或蒸发浓缩发生原生沉淀,与黏土质纹层形成薄互纹混合质型页岩(碳酸盐-黏土质纹层组合)。
纵向上,青山口组受湖平面升降的显著控制,纹层组合表现出规律性演化。水进期(Q1—Q4底部),湖盆水体加深,大面积发育薄互纹黏土质型页岩,仅含少量远源异重流形成的厚长英质纹层,厚互纹混合质型页岩比例较低(图8);进入水退期(Q6以后),湖盆萎缩,深湖区范围缩小,薄互纹黏土质型页岩占比显著降低(图8),而厚互纹混合质型页岩比例明显升高;至Q7—Q9段,随着物源进一步向湖心推进,厚互纹长英质型页岩出现频率显著增加,反映出沉积体系由悬浮沉降主导逐渐转变为重力流事件沉积占优势的演化趋势。
1)在松辽盆地青山口组识别出4大类单纹层,包括黏土质纹层、长英质纹层、碳酸盐纹层和混合质纹层,又根据纹层成因及厚度划分出薄黏土质纹层、厚黏土质纹层、薄长英质纹层、厚长英质纹层、薄介壳纹层、厚介壳纹层、纯碳酸盐纹层、长英-黏土混合质纹层和长英-介壳-黏土混合质纹层9个亚类。
2)基于“主体纹层厚度+纹层形态+纹层矿物组成”的原则建立了陆相页岩纹层组合划分方案,并将松辽盆地青山口组页岩划分为薄互纹黏土质型、厚互纹混合质型、厚互纹长英质型及改造后混合质型4类纹层组合。
3)松辽盆地青山口组页岩纹层成因机制可归结为“沉积控制—事件叠加—成岩改造”三重作用:沉积相通过控制沉积方式、沉积水体物质组成差异进而控制了单纹层类型与空间分异;稳定沉积背景与偶发事件的叠加共同控制了纹层组合;后期成岩与生烃作用则改造了纹层的形态与连续性。

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2026年第16卷第6期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250051
  • 接收时间:2026-05-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-11-26
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  • 收稿日期:2026-05-06
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    1 深层油气全国重点实验室(中国石油大学(华东)),山东   青岛 266580
    2 中国石油大学(华东) 地球科学与技术学院,山东   青岛 266580

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王民(1981—),男,博士,教授,从事非常规油气地质评价,包括但不局限于致密/页岩油气地质与资源评价方向研究。地址:山东省青岛市黄岛区长江西路66号,邮政编码:266580。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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