Article(id=1322941798758364013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250035, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1767801600000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-08, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343503894, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1779724800000, pubDateStr=2026-05-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343503894, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343503894, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343503894, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941718441623734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='3', pageStart='489', pageEnd='736', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779724800000', pubDateStr='2026-05-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343484745, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344165564, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944574066402279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944574070596584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941718441623734, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=556, endPage=569, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322941800696132462, articleId=1322941798758364013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Occurrence characteristics and controlling factors of shale oil in second member of Funing Formation in Qintong Sag, Subei Basin, columnId=1322941494130258079, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Exploration, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Since 2020, exploration of continental shale oil in the second member of the Paleogene Funing Formation (hereinafter referred to as Funing 2 member) in the Qintong Sag, Subei Basin, has continuously yielded discoveries, with proven geological reserves for sub-member Ⅰ exceeding 4 000×104 t for the first time. To systematically reveal the occurrence characteristics and controlling factors of shale oil in sub-member Ⅰ of the Funing 2 member in this sag, analysis techniques such as thin-section observation, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, multi-temperature stage rock pyrolysis, low-temperature N2 adsorption, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance were employed to conduct in-depth research on the mineral composition, pore development characteristics, and pore fluid occurrence state of the shale reservoir. The results indicated that sub-member Ⅰ of the Funing 2 member developed mixed shale, felsic shale, and carbonate shale. The micro-nano scale storage spaces included organic pores, intercrystalline pores, intergranular pores, dissolution pores, clay mineral interlayer fractures, and grain-edge fractures, with clay mineral intercrystalline pores and intergranular pores being the main occurrence sites for shale oil. Shale oil mainly occurred in a free state (accounting for 67%-97%, with an average of 88%). Based on 2D NMR data, the lower limit of oil-bearing pore size was determined to be 5.38 nm, and the lower limit of movable oil pore size was 26.88 nm. The study revealed that organic matter abundance was the core prerequisite for controlling shale oil occurrence, as it determined both the scale of oil generation and dominated the occurrence of adsorbed oil. Mineral composition and occurrence patterns controlled the occurrence of free oil by determining pore types and development scale. When the contents of felsic minerals, clay minerals, and carbonate minerals were in the range of 30%-60%, 20%-40%, and below 30%, respectively, and the ratio of felsic mineral to clay mineral was between 1 and 2, the conditions for free oil occurrence were optimal. The results reveal that intervals with mixed shale and felsic shale, characterized by relatively high organic matter abundance and low carbonate mineral content, have favorable conditions for shale oil occurrence and should be prioritized as the next focus areas for shale oil exploration in the Funing 2 member.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=XIAODONG MA1, 2, 3, HAILONG XIAO4, SUHUA ZANG2, HAO FU4, CAIXIA HUA1, 2, 3, LUANXI BAI2, ZEJIN SHI4, SHAOYU TANG4, WENJIE LI4, authorsList=XIAODONG MA, HAILONG XIAO, SUHUA ZANG, HAO FU, CAIXIA HUA, LUANXI BAI, ZEJIN SHI, SHAOYU TANG, WENJIE LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=WENJIE LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322941805041431423, articleId=1322941798758364013, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段页岩油赋存特征及控制因素, columnId=1322941494327390371, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气勘探, runingTitle=null, highlight=

2020年以来,苏北盆地溱潼凹陷古近系阜宁组二段(以下简称阜二段)陆相页岩油勘探持续获得发现,首次提交I亚段探明地质储量超4 000×104 t。为系统揭示该凹陷阜二段Ⅰ亚段页岩油赋存特征及控制因素,利用薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、多温阶岩石热解、低温N2吸附和二维核磁共振等分析技术,对页岩储层矿物组成、孔隙发育特征与孔隙流体赋存状态开展了深入研究。结果表明:阜二段Ⅰ亚段发育混合质页岩、长英质页岩和碳酸盐质页岩;微纳米级储集空间包括有机孔、晶间孔、粒间孔、溶蚀孔、黏土矿物层间缝和粒缘缝,其中黏土矿物晶间孔和粒间孔为页岩油的主要赋存场所;页岩油以游离态赋存为主(占比67%~97%,均值88%),基于二维核磁共振数据确定含油孔径下限为5.38 nm,可动油孔径下限为26.88 nm。研究揭示,有机质丰度是控制页岩油赋存的核心前提,既决定生油规模又主导吸附油赋存;矿物组成与赋存样式通过决定孔隙类型与发育规模控制游离油的赋存;当长英质矿物、黏土矿物和碳酸盐矿物的含量分别处于30%~60%、20%~40%和低于30%,且长英质矿物含量与黏土矿物含量的比值介于1~2时,游离油赋存条件最优。结果表明:较高有机质丰度、低碳酸盐矿物含量的混合质页岩和长英质页岩发育层段,具备较好的页岩油赋存条件,应作为阜二段下一步页岩油勘探的优先领域。

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马晓东(1980—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事常规与非常规油气勘探研究与部署工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

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李文杰(1991—),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事石油地质与岩石地球化学研究。地址:四川省成都市成华区二仙桥东三路1号,邮政编码:610059。E-mail:
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马晓东(1980—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事常规与非常规油气勘探研究与部署工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

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马晓东(1980—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事常规与非常规油气勘探研究与部署工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

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Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2024, 14(3): 425-434., articleTitle=Geological conditions for shale oil formation in the fourth member of Funing Formation of Eocene series in Jintan Basin, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322941805351809920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941805360198529, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, companyId=1322941805351809920, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941805368587138, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, companyId=1322941805351809920, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京 102206)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322941805435696003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941805444084612, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, companyId=1322941805435696003, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Sinopec East China Oil & Gas Company, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941805448278917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, companyId=1322941805435696003, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院,江苏   南京 210019)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322941805553136518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941805561525127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, companyId=1322941805553136518, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941805569913736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, companyId=1322941805553136518, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室,北京 102206)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322941805691548553, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941805699937162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, companyId=1322941805691548553, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 National Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploration, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941805708325771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, companyId=1322941805691548553, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 成都理工大学油气藏地质及 开发工程全国重点实验室,四川   成都 610059)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322941811832009671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Geological structure of Qintong Sag, Subei Basin and comprehensive stratigraphic column of Funing 2 member in well QY1, figureFileSmall=1aLlET0JIItf73P7R9r3UQ==, figureFileBig=B5xXSf6LIjVvIbasH5t8ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941811991393224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=CN, label=图1, caption=苏北盆地溱潼凹陷地质构造和QY1井阜二段综合柱状图

注:w(TOC)为总有机碳含量。

, figureFileSmall=1aLlET0JIItf73P7R9r3UQ==, figureFileBig=B5xXSf6LIjVvIbasH5t8ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941812196914121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Ternary diagram and box plot of mineral composition of shale in sub-member Ⅰ of Funing 2 member, well QY1, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin, figureFileSmall=4NvgyMt+FmMwXNB6CemY/Q==, figureFileBig=aASqgIzd5y1GotKdTUdD3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941812284994506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=CN, label=图2, caption=苏北盆地溱潼凹陷QY1井阜二段Ⅰ亚段页岩矿物组成三元图与箱型图

注:N为样品数量,单位个。

, figureFileSmall=4NvgyMt+FmMwXNB6CemY/Q==, figureFileBig=aASqgIzd5y1GotKdTUdD3g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941813950133196, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Mineral occurrence patterns of shale in sub-member Ⅰ of Funing 2 member, well QY1, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin, figureFileSmall=z8PKNMsNVztcTznIDiD3lA==, figureFileBig=zC9HExSk9mAdr0WDYNc7yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941814029824973, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=CN, label=图3, caption=苏北盆地溱潼凹陷QY1井阜二段Ⅰ亚段页岩矿物赋存样式

注:a为纹层状长英质矿物与纹层状黏土矿物互层,混合质页岩,3 917.92 m;b为分散状粉晶白云石,混合质页岩,4 024.4 m;c为方解石胶结物,长英质页岩,4 054.23 m;d为分散状长石或石英,长英质页岩,4 054.23 m;e为纹层状泥晶白云石,碳酸盐质页岩,3 968.92 m;f为纹层状黏土矿物中的分散状长石或石英,碳酸盐质页岩,4 032.51 m;以上均为单偏光照片。

, figureFileSmall=z8PKNMsNVztcTznIDiD3lA==, figureFileBig=zC9HExSk9mAdr0WDYNc7yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941814117905358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Box plots of total organic carbon and shale oil content distribution of shale in sub-member Ⅰ of Funing 2 member, well QY1, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin, figureFileSmall=DkpO7pxYJBcFgn7VDMeG+A==, figureFileBig=/IsE39jpQNXEkm9XrTbqEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941814185014223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=CN, label=图4, caption=苏北盆地溱潼凹陷QY1井阜二段I亚段页岩总有机碳与页岩油含量分布箱型图, figureFileSmall=DkpO7pxYJBcFgn7VDMeG+A==, figureFileBig=/IsE39jpQNXEkm9XrTbqEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941814260511696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Mineral occurrence patterns and storage space types of shale in sub-member Ⅰ of Funing 2 member, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin, figureFileSmall=s/AlEEHwyutPyFBZ1aqXaw==, figureFileBig=PziCpwdTUjJ/MdNfmYdrIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941814507975633, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=CN, label=图5, caption=苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜二段I亚段页岩矿物赋存样式与储集空间类型

注:饼状图括号中数字为孔径均值。

, figureFileSmall=s/AlEEHwyutPyFBZ1aqXaw==, figureFileBig=PziCpwdTUjJ/MdNfmYdrIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941814570890194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Low-temperature nitrogen adsorption curves and pore size distribution of shale in sub-member Ⅰ of Funing 2 member, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin, figureFileSmall=mjnSMp5JMdmy/J/SjoyRTQ==, figureFileBig=a3i/rLAQhUNgr5s7z5RDfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941814650581971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=CN, label=图6, caption=苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜二段Ⅰ亚段页岩低温N2吸附曲线与孔径分布, figureFileSmall=mjnSMp5JMdmy/J/SjoyRTQ==, figureFileBig=a3i/rLAQhUNgr5s7z5RDfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941814944183252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=2D NMR T1-T2 spectra of shale pore fluids in sub-member Ⅰ of Funing 2 member, well QY1, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin, figureFileSmall=CLaEmESHtq+6ENeQZzBhLg==, figureFileBig=vw6NwAyTX2OU96hmOL2U6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941815397168085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=CN, label=图7, caption=苏北盆地溱潼凹陷QY1井阜二段Ⅰ亚段页岩孔隙流体二维核磁T1-T2图谱

注:图中A—E为信号区间;A为干酪根等固体有机质;B为吸附油;C为游离油;D为结合水;E为孔隙水。

, figureFileSmall=CLaEmESHtq+6ENeQZzBhLg==, figureFileBig=vw6NwAyTX2OU96hmOL2U6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941815472665558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Relationship between shale oil occurrence state, TOC content, and mineral composition of shale in sub-member Ⅰ of Funing 2 member, well QY1, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin, figureFileSmall=1U1Y3XgQZavaGcTy5Xai/w==, figureFileBig=DLHX8yLX0tJpswAYZD4izA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941815837570007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=CN, label=图8, caption=苏北盆地溱潼凹陷QY1井阜二段I亚段页岩油赋存状态与总有机碳含量和矿物组成的关系, figureFileSmall=1U1Y3XgQZavaGcTy5Xai/w==, figureFileBig=DLHX8yLX0tJpswAYZD4izA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941815904678872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Comparison of 2D NMR relaxation characteristics of pore fluids in shale from sub-member Ⅰ of Funing 2 member,well QY1,Qintong Sag,Subei Basin, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
流体类型混合质页岩长英质页岩碳酸盐质页岩
T2/msT1/T2孔径/nmT2/msT1/T2孔径/nmT2/msT1/T2孔径/nm
固体有机质0.02~0.08>100.54~2.150.02~0.07>100.54~1.880.02~0.06>100.54~1.61
结合水0.04~0.07>101.08~1.880.03~0.06>100.81~1.61———
孔隙水0.13~1.001~103.49~26.880.30~1.001~108.06~26.880.30~1.301~108.06~34.95
吸附油0.20~1.00>105.38~26.880.40~1.00>1010.75~26.880.50~1.00>1013.44~26.88
游离油1.00~10.00>1026.88~268.821.00~8.00>1026.88~215.051.00~7.00>1026.88~188.17
), ArticleFig(id=1322941816257000409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941798758364013, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

苏北盆地溱潼凹陷QY1井阜二段Ⅰ亚段页岩孔隙流体二维核磁弛豫特征对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
流体类型混合质页岩长英质页岩碳酸盐质页岩
T2/msT1/T2孔径/nmT2/msT1/T2孔径/nmT2/msT1/T2孔径/nm
固体有机质0.02~0.08>100.54~2.150.02~0.07>100.54~1.880.02~0.06>100.54~1.61
结合水0.04~0.07>101.08~1.880.03~0.06>100.81~1.61———
孔隙水0.13~1.001~103.49~26.880.30~1.001~108.06~26.880.30~1.301~108.06~34.95
吸附油0.20~1.00>105.38~26.880.40~1.00>1010.75~26.880.50~1.00>1013.44~26.88
游离油1.00~10.00>1026.88~268.821.00~8.00>1026.88~215.051.00~7.00>1026.88~188.17
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苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段页岩油赋存特征及控制因素
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马晓东 1, 2, 3 , 肖海龙 4 , 臧素华 2 , 付昊 4 , 花彩霞 1, 2, 3 , 白鸾羲 2 , 施泽进 4 , 唐劭禹 4 , 李文杰 4
油气藏评价与开发 | 油气勘探 2026,16(3): 556-569
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油气藏评价与开发 |油气勘探 2026 , 16 (3) : 556 -569
苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段页岩油赋存特征及控制因素
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马晓东(1980—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事常规与非常规油气勘探研究与部署工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

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马晓东1, 2, 3 , 肖海龙4, 臧素华2, 付昊4, 花彩霞1, 2, 3, 白鸾羲2, 施泽进4, 唐劭禹4, 李文杰4
作者信息
  • 1 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京 102206
  • 2 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院,江苏   南京 210019
  • 3 中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室,北京 102206
  • 4 成都理工大学油气藏地质及 开发工程全国重点实验室,四川   成都 610059
通讯作者:
李文杰(1991—),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事石油地质与岩石地球化学研究。地址:四川省成都市成华区二仙桥东三路1号,邮政编码:610059。E-mail:
作者简介:

马晓东(1980—),男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事常规与非常规油气勘探研究与部署工作。地址:江苏省南京市建邺区江东中路375号金融城9号楼,邮政编码:210019。E-mail:

Occurrence characteristics and controlling factors of shale oil in second member of Funing Formation in Qintong Sag, Subei Basin
XIAODONG MA1, 2, 3 , HAILONG XIAO4, SUHUA ZANG2, HAO FU4, CAIXIA HUA1, 2, 3, LUANXI BAI2, ZEJIN SHI4, SHAOYU TANG4, WENJIE LI4
Affiliations
  • 1 State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development, Beijing 102206, China
  • 2 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Sinopec East China Oil & Gas Company, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019, China
  • 3 Sinopec Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production, Beijing 102206, China
  • 4 National Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploration, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, China
出版时间: 2026-05-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250035
文章导航
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溱潼凹陷  /  阜二段  /  页岩油  /  赋存特征  /  控制因素
Qintong Sag  /  second member of Funing Formation  /  shale oil  /  occurrence characteristics  /  controlling factors
马晓东, 肖海龙, 臧素华, 付昊, 花彩霞, 白鸾羲, 施泽进, 唐劭禹, 李文杰. 苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜宁组二段页岩油赋存特征及控制因素. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (3) : 556 -569 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250035
XIAODONG MA, HAILONG XIAO, SUHUA ZANG, HAO FU, CAIXIA HUA, LUANXI BAI, ZEJIN SHI, SHAOYU TANG, WENJIE LI. Occurrence characteristics and controlling factors of shale oil in second member of Funing Formation in Qintong Sag, Subei Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (3) : 556 -569 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250035
中国页岩油地质资源量达397.46×108 t,是实现原油增产稳产的战略接替领域[1]。目前,中国陆相页岩油勘探开发已取得重大进展,松辽盆地白垩系青山口组、鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组、准噶尔盆地二叠系芦草沟组和风城组、四川盆地侏罗系自流井组和凉高山组、苏北盆地古近系阜宁组、渤海湾盆地古近系沙河街组和孔店组等多层系持续获得突破[2-8]。页岩油产量快速提升,2024年达600×104 t,同比增长超过30%[9]。页岩油赋存特征是决定其富集高产的关键[10-14]。研究揭示,页岩油以游离态、吸附态、溶解态赋存于微纳米级孔隙与裂缝系统,其中,游离油是当前技术条件下页岩油产能的主要来源[15-18]。然而,中国陆相页岩非均质性强、矿物组成复杂、热演化程度差异大、黏土矿物含量高,导致孔隙结构复杂、流体赋存多样[19-21],加上原油黏度高、可动性差[22],给页岩油高效勘探开发带来了巨大挑战。准确识别页岩孔隙结构、孔隙流体组分、赋存状态及其控制因素,对于确定页岩油富集层段、富集规律与资源潜力具有重要意义。
2020年11月,中国石化华东油气分公司在苏北盆地溱潼凹陷部署实施的SD1井于阜宁组二段(以下简称阜二段)试获工业油流50.9 t/d[23],首次实现苏北盆地陆相页岩油勘探的战略性突破。随后,苏北盆地溱潼凹陷、高邮凹陷、金湖凹陷和海安凹陷的多口页岩油钻井相继在阜二段取得突破[23-25],初步落实页岩油资源量15×108 t[26],展现出巨大的勘探潜力。溱潼凹陷阜二段页岩油主要产于I亚段,以游离态和吸附态2种形式赋存于孔隙和天然裂缝中[27-28],具有低气油比、高异常压力、流动性相对较好等特征[8,23,29],已探明地质储量超4 000×104 t。阜二段I亚段为一套混合沉积页岩,岩性复杂,矿物组成和孔隙类型多样,不同岩性页岩含油性存在差异[23,28,30],但目前针对页岩油赋存状态及其控制因素尚缺乏系统研究,极大限制了对页岩油富集层段、富集规律与控制因素的认识,进而制约了勘探目标的优选。
该研究聚焦苏北盆地溱潼凹陷阜二段I亚段页岩油赋存状态与控制因素,利用薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、X射线衍射、多温阶岩石热解、低温N2吸附和二维核磁共振等测试技术,系统揭示了页岩油储层的岩石学特征、孔隙发育特征、孔隙流体类型和页岩油赋存特征,探讨了影响页岩油赋存的控制因素。研究成果可为苏北盆地陆相页岩油勘探开发提供理论支持。
苏北盆地是一个中—新生代断陷盆地,东临黄海,北、西、南侧分别与滨海隆起、鲁苏隆起和苏南隆起相接,自南向北发育东台坳陷、建湖隆起和盐阜坳陷3个一级构造单元(图1a)。溱潼凹陷属于东台坳陷的次级构造单元之一,位于吴堡低凸起与泰州凸起之间,整体为南断北超、中间开阔、东西收敛、北东东向展布的箕状断陷[31],自西向东划分为斜坡带、深凹带和断阶带(图1b)。
溱潼凹陷发育古近系泰州组、阜宁组、戴南组、三垛组、新近系盐城组和第四系东台组等多套地层。阜宁组为该凹陷最主要的含油层系,自下而上划分为阜宁组一段(以下简称阜一段)、阜二段、阜宁组三段(以下简称阜三段)和阜宁组四段(以下简称阜四段)。其中,阜二段既是溱潼凹陷的主力烃源岩,也是页岩油发育的重点层段。阜二段沉积期,溱潼凹陷整体为半深湖-深湖环境,该区域沉积形成一套厚度介于200~450 m的暗色泥页岩层,长英质、碳酸盐和黏土矿物含量的比例为4∶3∶3,具有典型的混积特征[29]。阜二段自下而上可划分为5个亚段,Ⅰ亚段厚约80~140 m,以发育纹层状/层状云灰质泥页岩、含灰泥页岩和泥页岩为特征(图1c),其TOC(总有机碳)含量介于0.5%~2.0%,镜质体反射率介于0.9%~1.0%。有机质类型以Ⅱ型为主,是页岩油的主要产层段[18]。
该研究样品取自苏北盆地溱潼凹陷QY1井阜二段Ⅰ亚段,对其系统开展X射线衍射(91件)、有机碳(84件)、岩石多温阶热解(87件)、薄片鉴定(15件)、扫描电镜(18件)、核磁共振(3件)和低温N2吸附(7件)等测试分析。
X射线衍射分析、有机碳分析和低温N2吸附实验在中国石化华东油气分公司实验研究中心完成,分别使用Ultima Ⅳ多功能X射线衍射仪、CS-230型碳硫分析仪、JW-BK200C比表面积和微孔径分析仪。岩石多温阶热解分析实验在中国石化无锡石油地质研究所完成,样品在取样时进行密闭低温冷冻保存处理,防止烃类组分散失,使用HAWK-STD型页岩评价仪,分别在热解温度为200、350、450 ℃时测得S1-1(轻质油组分)、S1-2(轻中质油组分)和S2-1(重烃、胶质与沥青质组分)。S1-1+S1-2反映页岩中游离态油量,S2-1反映页岩中吸附态油量,S1-1+S1-2+S2-1反映页岩中总油量[16]。薄片鉴定、扫描电镜和核磁共振分析在成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程全国重点实验室完成。薄片鉴定使用Leica DM4500P高级偏光显微镜。扫描电镜分析样品经抛光镀膜后,使用Quanta 250 FEG型场发射环境扫描电子显微镜观察矿物形貌和孔隙特征。核磁共振采用MR Cores HP20L型核磁共振岩心分析仪,共振频率23 MHz,T2(横向弛豫时间)谱测试采用自旋回波技术(CPMG脉冲序列),等待时间为1.5 s,扫描次数为64次,回波间隔为0.08 ms,回波数为8 000;T1-T2(T1为纵向弛豫时间)谱测试采用反转恢复-自旋回波技术(IR-CPMG脉冲序列),最小反转时间为0.1 ms,最大反转时间为2 s。
阜二段I亚段页岩由黏土矿物、长英质矿物和碳酸盐矿物组成,含少量黄铁矿和方沸石。根据矿物组成可划分为混合质页岩、长英质页岩和碳酸盐质页岩3种岩相,并以前两种为主(图2a)。
混合质页岩中黏土矿物含量介于16.9%~45.4%(均值33.1%);长英质矿物含量介于27.9%~49.9%(均值41.4%),其中石英含量介于12.7%~33.0%(均值23.3%)、长石含量介于8.4%~24.9%(均值15.5%);碳酸盐矿物含量介于6.8%~45.5%(均值25.5%),其中方解石含量介于2.0%~37.8%(均值9.8%),白云石含量介于1.5%~32.7%(均值14.0%)(图2b)。
长英质页岩中黏土矿物含量介于13.9%~37.7%(均值25.6%);长英质矿物含量介于50.2%~66.4%(均值56.1%),其中石英含量介于17.9%~38.2%(均值30.2%),长石含量介于15.4%~38.2%(均值22.6%);碳酸盐矿物含量介于10.8%~32.3%(均值18.3%),其中方解石含量介于1.9%~14.8%(均值7.2%),白云石含量介于2.8%~24.9%(均值10.2%)(图2b)。
碳酸盐质页岩中黏土矿物含量介于5.5%~19.7%(均值12.1%);长英质矿物含量介于22.8%~41.3%(均值29.9%),其中石英含量介于8.7%~12.2%(均值10.6%),长石含量介于9.7%~28.4%(均值17.7%);碳酸盐矿物含量介于52.8%~69.8%(均值58.0%),其中方解石含量介于1.7%~55.6%(均值18.2%),白云石含量介于4.1%~60.1%(均值36.2%)(图2b)。
岩石薄片和扫描电镜观察表明,不同岩相的矿物赋存特征具有明显差异。
混合质页岩中,长英质矿物主要呈纹层状产出,与黏土矿物纹层互层(图3a)。长英质矿物纹层厚度介于80~350 μm,颗粒粒径大于20 μm,颗粒呈点—线接触,粒间充填分散状黏土矿物;黏土矿物纹层厚度介于100~500 μm,其内部可见少量粒径小于 20 μm 的分散状长石、石英和粉晶白云石(图3b)。
长英质页岩中长英质矿物呈纹层状或层状赋存,纹层/层间夹黏土矿物纹层,方解石则以粒间胶结物为主要赋存样式。长英质矿物纹层状/层状厚度介于500~2 000 μm,颗粒粒径大于60 μm,粒间多被方解石胶结物全充填(图3c),黏土矿物纹层厚约100 μm,纹层内分布少量分散状粉晶长石或石英(图3d)。
碳酸盐质页岩中主要发育纹层状白云石、纹层状黏土矿物和分散状长英质矿物。白云石纹层和黏土矿物纹层呈不等厚互层,白云石纹层厚度介于100~350 μm,由粒径小于10 μm的泥晶白云石构成,白云石颗粒间紧密堆积(图3e);黏土矿物纹层厚度介于200~1 000 μm,内部可见大量粒径大于50 μm的分散状长石、石英和白云石颗粒(图3f)。
根据有机碳测试结果,阜二段I亚段页岩TOC含量介于0.26%~1.75%,平均0.86%,各类页岩之间TOC含量无明显差异(图4a)。其中,混合质页岩TOC含量介于0.26%~1.75%,平均0.84%;长英质页岩TOC含量介于0.27%~1.73%,平均0.89%;碳酸盐质页岩TOC含量介于0.53%~1.67%,平均0.93%。
根据多温阶热解测试结果(图4b—图4d),混合质页岩中游离油含量介于0.03~4.23 mg/g,平均1.40 mg/g;吸附油含量介于0.01~0.34 mg/g,平均0.15 mg/g;总油含量介于0.03~4.48 mg/g,平均1.55 mg/g。长英质页岩中游离油含量介于0.06~6.99 mg/g,平均1.98 mg/g;吸附油含量介于0.01~0.39 mg/g,平均0.18 mg/g;总油含量介于0.08~7.23 mg/g,平均2.16 mg/g。碳酸盐质页岩游离油含量介于0.29~2.03 mg/g,平均1.16 mg/g;吸附油含量介于0.03~0.16 mg/g,平均0.10 mg/g;总油含量介于0.32~2.19 mg/g,平均1.26 mg/g。总体而言,阜二段I亚段混合质页岩和长英质页岩的含油性优于碳酸盐质页岩,但不同类型页岩均以富集游离油为特征,游离油含量占总油含量的比例介于67%~97%,平均为88%。
阜二段Ⅰ亚段页岩发育多种类型的微纳米级储集空间,主要包括有机孔、晶间孔(黏土矿物、白云石和黄铁矿晶间孔)、粒间孔、溶蚀孔、黏土矿物层间缝和粒缘缝。
利用ImageJ软件对大量扫描电镜照片进行了孔隙类型、发育频率和孔径的统计分析,结果显示,不同岩性页岩矿物赋存样式的差异导致其孔隙发育特征各异。混合质页岩主要发育粒间孔和黏土矿物晶间孔,孔隙类型占比分别为39.75%、34.18%,平均孔径分别为1.31、1.30 μm,少量发育有机孔、黏土矿物层间缝、粒缘收缩缝和溶蚀孔(图5a)。长英质页岩中溶蚀孔占比最高,达43.17%,但平均孔径仅为0.08 μm;其次为粒间孔(占比34.06%)和黏土矿物晶间孔(占比13.64%),平均孔径分别为0.86、0.91 μm,同时少量发育粒缘收缩缝、有机孔和黏土矿物层间缝(图5b)。碳酸盐质页岩主要发育溶蚀孔(占比30.52%)和白云石晶间孔(占比24.03%),平均孔径分别为0.10、0.06 μm,其次为黏土矿物晶间孔(占比17.77%)和粒缘收缩缝(占比15.39%),平均孔径分别为0.47、0.17 μm,另发育少量粒间孔、黏土矿物层间缝和有机孔(图5c)。
低温N2吸附实验结果显示,样品出现明显滞后回环(图6a)。根据国际理论和应用化学学会(International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry,IUPAC)对滞后回环类型及其对应孔隙形态的分类[32],混合质页岩和长英质页岩的滞后回环属于H2型,对应细颈广体的墨水瓶形孔隙;碳酸盐质页岩的滞后回环属于H4型,对应平行板状的狭缝形孔隙。
混合质页岩比表面积介于12.9~16.9 m2/g,平均14.55 m2/g,总孔隙体积介于0.019 3~0.026 1 cm3/g,平均0.021 9 cm3/g;长英质页岩比表面积分别为18.9、12.5 m2/g,总孔隙体积分别为0.026 8、0.021 5 cm3/g;碳酸盐质页岩比表面积为3.3 m2/g,总孔隙体积为0.011 3 cm3/g。
核磁共振横向弛豫时间(T2)常用于表征页岩的全孔径分布特征。利用低温N2吸附实验获得的比表面积、孔隙体积与T2几何平均值计算出表面弛豫率[33],建立横向弛豫时间与孔径的转换关系,获得页岩孔径分布特征。结果显示,长英质页岩和碳酸盐质页岩的孔径分布呈双峰特征,混合质页岩呈三峰分布特征(图6b)。混合质页岩孔径分布在0.8~1 000.0 nm,峰值分别出现在5、25、200 nm,其介孔(孔径介于2~50 nm)占比81.03%,宏孔(孔径大于50 nm)占比14.33%,微孔(孔径小于2 nm)占比4.64%;长英质页岩孔径分布在1~1 000 nm,峰值分别位于3、30 nm,其介孔占比77.41%,宏孔占比13.89%,微孔占比8.70%;碳酸盐质页岩孔径分布在1.8~1 000.0 nm,峰值分别位于4、25 nm,其介孔占比为81.63%,宏孔和微孔的占比分别为9.92%、8.45%。
二维核磁共振技术在表征页岩孔隙流体类型和赋存特征方面具备独特优势和高可靠性[34-35]。原样经过洗油洗盐、低温烘干等处理得到干岩样,由于干酪根等固体有机质在实验过程中几乎不受影响,因此干岩样核磁信号区域为固体有机质;将干岩样饱和去离子水,得到饱水样,新出现的信号区域代表孔隙水;将饱水样离心后饱和航空煤油,新出现的信号区域为孔隙油;将饱油样进行离心操作后,消失的信号区域为游离油,未消失的信号区域为束缚油。通过对比不同饱和状态岩心的二维核磁T1-T2图谱(图7),识别出固体有机质、结合水、孔隙水、吸附油和游离油等不同孔隙流体组分及其核磁信号弛豫特征(表1)。
二维核磁T1-T2图谱中,流体组分的信号分布区域范围与信号强度直接反映其在孔隙中的占比和饱和度,即信号分布区域越大、信号强度越高,代表该流体组分占比越大、饱和度越高(图7)。在饱油状态下,混合质页岩含油信号分布区域最大、强度最大(图7j—图7l),表明其含油量高于长英质页岩和碳酸盐质页岩;饱油离心状态下,混合质页岩吸附油信号分布区域范围最广、强度最大,长英质页岩与混合质页岩游离油信号消失程度明显多于碳酸盐质页岩(图7m—图7o),说明混合质页岩中吸附油占比最高,混合质页岩和长英质页岩游离油占比高于碳酸盐质页岩。通过对比饱油状态与饱油离心状态下T1-T2图谱差异可明确:混合质页岩含油性最优,长英质页岩次之,碳酸盐质页岩相对偏差。
前文已根据二维核磁T1-T2图谱,确定了溱潼凹陷阜二段Ⅰ亚段页岩孔隙流体类型及其T2截止值,结合N2吸附实验确定的表面弛豫率可计算出不同类型页岩中孔隙流体赋存的孔径下限。结果显示(表1),混合质页岩含水孔径下限为3.49 nm,含油孔径下限为5.38 nm,游离油孔径下限为26.88 nm;长英质页岩含水孔径下限为8.06 nm,含油孔径下限为10.75 nm,游离油孔径下限为26.88 nm;碳酸盐质页岩含水孔径下限为8.06 nm,含油孔径下限为13.44 nm,游离油孔径下限为26.88 nm。
综上所述,溱潼凹陷QY1井阜二段Ⅰ亚段页岩的含水孔径下限为3.49 nm,含油孔径下限为5.38 nm,可动油孔径下限为26.88 nm。
页岩油赋存状态受有机质丰度、热演化程度、矿物组成、矿物润湿性、孔隙类型、孔隙结构、温压体系与原油性质等多重因素影响[18,36-39]。微纳米级孔隙是页岩油的主要赋存场所,孔隙发育特征直接影响页岩油的赋存。基于孔隙发育特征,结合控制孔隙形成与演化的地质因素,剖析影响孔隙流体赋存的控制因素。
QY1井阜二段I亚段页岩样品的TOC含量介于0.26%~1.75%,平均为0.86%,变化范围较宽,但不同岩性的页岩之间并无显著差异(图4a)。相关性分析表明,游离油含量随TOC含量升高总体呈上升趋势,但在TOC含量超过1.0%后,该增长趋势明显变缓(图8a);吸附油含量随TOC含量升高始终保持稳定增长趋势(图8b);游离油/吸附油的比值则随TOC含量增加呈先升后降的变化特征,临界点位于1.0%(图8c)。这些特征不仅反映出游离油占比随TOC含量增加出现先升高后降低的变化规律,也表明有机质丰度对于页岩油赋存起到重要控制作用。
有机质对页岩油赋存的影响体现在两方面:一是作为烃源岩生烃的物质基础,有机质丰度直接决定页岩油的生成规模;二是有机质在热演化过程中不仅可以形成有机质孔隙,更因其自身对原油具有较强吸附能力[40],进而影响页岩油的赋存状态。在TOC含量较低时,生油量相对有限,生成的页岩油主要以吸附态赋存于有机质表面;随着TOC含量升高,生油量增加,当原位吸附/溶胀饱和之后,页岩油以游离态赋存于孔隙和裂缝中,游离油占比逐渐升高;当TOC含量超过临界阈值1.0%后,尽管生油量持续增加,但较高有机质丰度导致单位质量有机质的吸附能力不断增强,同时孔隙和裂缝内的游离油达到饱和极限,过剩游离油发生排出或迁移[41-42],导致游离油占比相对降低,而吸附油含量持续增长(图8a—图8c)。因此,在有机质丰度相对较高的条件下,有机质强吸附性和过剩游离油运移排出,导致游离油比例相对下降,页岩油的赋存状态发生明显改变。
孔隙是页岩油赋存的直接场所,孔隙结构是影响页岩流体赋存的直接因素。阜二段I亚段页岩孔隙类型多样,而且不同类型页岩孔隙类型与发育特征存在差异。
根据核磁共振、低温N2吸附与扫描电镜测试结果(图5、图6),混合质页岩孔径大于6、27 nm的孔隙占比分别为66.67%、32.41%,以粒间孔(平均孔径1.31 μm)与黏土矿物晶间孔(平均孔径1.30 μm)为主要储集空间,孔隙形态呈H2型墨水瓶状孔,孔隙体积介于0.019 3~0.026 1 cm3/g,比表面积介于12.9~16.9 m2/g,储集条件相对最优;长英质页岩孔径大于6、27 nm的孔隙占比分别为50.24%、26.02%,主要发育溶蚀孔(平均孔径0.08 μm)、粒间孔(平均孔径0.86 μm)和黏土矿物晶间孔(平均孔径0.91 μm),孔隙形态同样为H2型墨水瓶状孔,孔隙体积介于0.021 5~0.026 8 cm3/g,比表面积介于12.5~18.9 m2/g,利于页岩油储集;碳酸盐质页岩孔径大于6、27 nm的孔隙占比分别为50.23%、22.97%,以溶蚀孔(平均孔径0.10 μm)、白云石晶间孔(平均孔径0.06 μm)和黏土矿物晶间孔(平均孔径0. 47 μm)为主,孔隙形态为H4型平行板状孔,孔隙体积(0.011 3 cm3/g)与比表面积(3.3 m2/g)相对较小,但其孔隙形态对游离油运移有一定优势。
多温阶热解数据显示,混合质页岩和长英质页岩的含油性优于碳酸盐质页岩,3种页岩的游离油含量均值分别为1.40、1.98、1.16 mg/g,吸附油含量平均值分别为0.15、0.18和0.10 mg/g(图4b、图4d)。3种页岩的含油性与其孔隙结构特征表现出较好吻合性,揭示出孔隙结构对页岩油赋存的关键控制作用,平均孔径越大,孔隙体积越大,大孔径孔隙占比越高,页岩油富集程度越高。
矿物作为构成岩石的基本单元,其成分、含量及赋存样式决定了页岩储层孔隙发育的物质基础,直接控制页岩油储集空间的类型与规模,加上不同矿物的润湿性存在差异,进而对孔隙流体赋存状态产生重要影响[43-47]。
前已述及,有机质丰度是决定阜二段I亚段页岩含油性的核心前提。为避免有机质丰度的干扰,该研究构建单位有机质吸附油和游离油含量,以分析矿物组成对页岩油赋存的影响。结果显示,不同类型页岩的单位有机质吸附油含量与长英质、黏土和碳酸盐矿物之间均无显著相关性(图8d—图8f),这表明吸附油含量主要受控于有机质丰度,无机矿物含量及润湿性差异对其无实质性影响。与吸附油不同,单位有机质游离油含量与矿物组分相关性因页岩类型而异,表现出较强复杂性:混合质页岩的单位有机质游离油含量与长英质矿物含量正相关,与黏土矿物含量和碳酸盐矿物含量均呈先增后减的变化趋势,拐点分别位于30%和27%;长英质页岩的单位有机质游离油含量与长英质矿物含量、碳酸盐矿物含量均呈负相关,与黏土矿物含量总体呈正相关(图8g—图8i)。
上述规律说明,游离油赋存并非由单一矿物所控制。陆相页岩矿物成分和结构复杂,不同矿物的组合模式、相对含量与赋存特征共同控制了储集空间的发育。为明确矿物组合对游离油赋存的影响,讨论了单位有机质游离油含量与3类矿物含量比值(长英质矿物含量/黏土矿物含量、长英质矿物含量/碳酸盐矿物含量、黏土矿物含量/碳酸盐矿物含量)的相关性。结果显示,样品主要分布在长英质矿物含量与黏土矿物含量比值介于1~2、长英质矿物含量与碳酸盐矿物含量比值介于1~4、黏土矿物含量与碳酸盐矿物含量比值介于0.5~3.0,其矿物组成为长英质矿物30%~60%、黏土矿物20%~40%、碳酸盐矿物12%~30%,但不同类型页岩仍存在一定差异(图8j—图8l)。综合矿物组合模式、赋存特征和孔隙发育特征,进一步剖析了矿物组分和赋存样式对游离油赋存的影响。
混合质页岩中,长英质矿物和黏土矿物主要以纹层状互层,分散状黏土矿物充填于纹层状长英质矿物粒间,分散状长英质矿物漂浮于纹层状黏土矿物中,而碳酸盐矿物胶结长英质矿物粒间孔(图5a)。受矿物组成与赋存样式影响,混合质页岩以发育长英质矿物粒间孔、黏土矿物晶间孔为主,但孤立的粒间孔少见,其常与黏土矿物晶间孔缝伴生发育。根据相关性分析结果,当黏土矿物含量低于20%或高于40%时,单位有机质游离油含量急剧降低(图8h)。这是因为当黏土矿物含量高于40%时,对应的长英质矿物含量低于40%(长英质矿物含量与黏土矿物含量的比值小于1),长英质矿物作为刚性骨架保护粒间孔隙的效应减弱,不利于游离油赋存(图8g、图8j);反之,当黏土矿物含量低于20%时,对应碳酸盐矿物含量大于35%(长英质矿物含量与碳酸盐矿物含量的比值小于1),不仅导致黏土矿物晶间孔难以充分发育,而且大量碳酸盐矿物胶结粒间孔隙,造成有效储集空间缩减,同样不利于游离油赋存(图8i、图8k)。
长英质页岩具有高长英质(均值56.1%)、低黏土(均值25.6%)、低碳酸盐(均值18.3%)的矿物组成特征(图2b)。该岩相中,长英质矿物以较厚的纹层/层状产出,其间夹较薄的纹层状黏土矿物,碳酸盐矿物则主要充填于长英质矿物粒间孔中(图5b)。随着长英质矿物含量的升高,黏土矿物含量急剧下降、碳酸盐矿物含量升高,造成单位有机质游离油含量随长英质矿物含量/黏土矿物含量比值升高呈下降趋势,与长英质矿物含量/碳酸盐矿物含量比值以及黏土矿物含量/碳酸盐矿物含量比值呈正相关(图8j—图8l)。长英质页岩主要发育溶蚀孔、长英质矿物粒间孔和黏土矿物晶间孔(图5b)。因此,当黏土矿物含量下降时,黏土矿物晶间孔发育程度受到限制,虽然白云石、方解石溶蚀孔同样为该岩相主要储集空间类型,但其孔径均值仅0.08 μm,远小于粒间孔(均值0.86 μm)和黏土矿物晶间孔(均值0.91 μm)(图5b),并不利于游离油赋存。根据矿物组成,当黏土矿物含量低于20%、碳酸盐矿物含量大于20%时,游离油赋存条件变差。
阜二段I亚段碳酸盐质页岩发育频率低。该研究获得的6个样品中,碳酸盐矿物含量介于52.8%~69.8%,长英质矿物含量介于22.8%~41.3%,黏土矿物含量介于5.5%~19.7%。碳酸盐矿物主要为白云石,以纹层状与黏土矿物互层,长英质矿物主要发育在黏土矿物中,呈分散状分布。该岩相主要发育溶蚀孔、白云石晶间孔和黏土矿物晶间孔,但因溶蚀孔和白云石晶间孔孔径小、黏土矿物晶间孔和粒间孔发育规模小,造成游离油赋存受到限制(图5c)。
根据以上分析,阜二段I亚段吸附油赋存受矿物组成的影响微弱,游离油赋存并非由单一矿物决定,而是受矿物组合模式、含量及其赋存样式差异所控制的孔隙发育特征影响。
溱潼凹陷阜二段页岩油的勘探突破,不仅证实了低有机质丰度陆相页岩的巨大勘探潜力[48],更取得了显著开发成效,累积产油量超过34×104 t,成为苏北地区油气增储上产的重要领域。页岩油的富集与高产取决于储层含油量,而游离油作为天然弹性能量开采方式下产能的有效贡献者,其含量尤为关键[16-17]。前期研究发现,溱潼凹陷阜二段页岩油以游离态和吸附态2种形式赋存于微纳米级基质孔隙和微裂缝中[27]。该研究进一步证实,阜二段I亚段页岩游离油含量高,占总油含量的67%~97%,均值达88%,具备巨大勘探开发价值。
该研究揭示,阜二段I亚段页岩油赋存受有机质丰度、孔隙结构和矿物组成联合控制:①有机质丰度是决定含油性的核心前提,既决定页岩油的生成规模,还控制吸附油赋存;②不同岩性矿物组成与赋存样式的差异,影响了孔隙类型与发育规模,进而决定游离油赋存;③粒间孔、黏土矿物晶间孔孔径大、发育比例高,是最有利游离油赋存的储集空间,这类孔隙的发育与矿物组合密切相关。排除有机质丰度干扰后,长英质矿物与黏土矿物对游离油赋存的有利作用显著优于碳酸盐矿物,当长英质矿物含量与黏土矿物含量的比值介于1~2且碳酸盐矿物含量低于30%时,最有利于游离油赋存;但黏土矿物含量低于20%或高于40%时,游离油赋存条件变差,勘探中应规避。
综合以上分析,溱潼凹陷阜二段页岩油勘探下一步应重点关注较高有机质丰度、低碳酸盐矿物含量的混合质页岩和长英质页岩发育层段。根据已有钻井资料与区域地质特征,阜二段Ⅰ亚段中部、Ⅱ亚段中部和Ⅲ亚段底部,有机质丰度较高(TOC含量大于1.0%),主要发育混合质页岩、长英质页岩,而且长英质矿物含量与黏土矿物含量的比值介于1~2,同时满足黏土矿物含量适中(含量介于20%~40%)、低碳酸盐矿物含量(含量小于30%)。这些层段兼具良好生油潜力与储集条件,是页岩油高效勘探的优先领域。
1)溱潼凹陷阜二段Ⅰ亚段页岩以黏土矿物、长英质矿物和碳酸盐矿物为主要组分,可划分为混合质页岩、长英质页岩和碳酸盐质页岩3种岩相。该亚段页岩油主要以游离态赋存,游离油含量占比介于67%~97%(均值88%);发育多种类型微—纳米级储集空间,其中粒间孔、黏土矿物晶间孔孔径大、占比高,是游离油的主要储集空间类型。根据二维核磁数据,确定阜二段Ⅰ亚段页岩含油孔径下限为5.38 nm,可动油孔径下限为26.88 nm。
2)溱潼凹陷阜二段Ⅰ亚段页岩油赋存受有机质丰度、孔隙结构、矿物组成与赋存样式联合控制。有机质丰度是决定页岩油赋存的核心前提,控制页岩油生成规模和吸附油赋存;游离油赋存则受矿物组成与赋存样式决定的孔隙类型与发育规模所控制。当长英质矿物含量介于30%~60%、黏土矿物含量介于20%~40%、碳酸盐矿物含量低于30%,且长英质矿物含量与黏土矿物含量的比值介于1~2时,页岩储集条件最佳,最利于游离油赋存。
3)基于页岩油赋存特征与控制因素,下一步勘探应重点聚焦较高有机质丰度、低碳酸盐矿物含量的混合质页岩和长英质页岩发育层段。此类靶区兼具良好生油潜力与优质储集条件,是实现页岩油高效勘探的优先领域。建议优先将阜二段Ⅰ亚段中部、Ⅱ亚段中部和Ⅲ亚段底部作为重点勘探层段。

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2026年第16卷第3期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250035
  • 接收时间:2026-01-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-05-26
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    1 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京 102206
    2 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院,江苏   南京 210019
    3 中国石化页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室,北京 102206
    4 成都理工大学油气藏地质及 开发工程全国重点实验室,四川   成都 610059

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李文杰(1991—),男,博士,副研究员,主要从事石油地质与岩石地球化学研究。地址:四川省成都市成华区二仙桥东三路1号,邮政编码:610059。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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