Article(id=1322941492129575068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941491332657306, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250033, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1778774400000, receivedDateStr=2026-05-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343430787, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1795622400000, pubDateStr=2026-11-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343430787, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343430787, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343430787, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322941491332657306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='6', pageStart='1137', pageEnd='1368', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1795622400000', pubDateStr='2026-11-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343430598, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344116766, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944369447285513, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941491332657306, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944369447285514, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322941491332657306, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1171, endPage=1187, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322941494218338465, articleId=1322941492129575068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Graded evaluation and distribution characteristics of Paleogene shale oil resources in Liaozhong Sag of Bohai Bay Basin, columnId=1322941494130258079, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Exploration, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Oil and gas exploration and development breakthroughs in the Shahejie Formation, Bohai Bay Basin, have provided key support for increasing reserves and production of offshore oil and gas in China. However, the potential and volume of its shale oil resources remain unclear. Theoretical studies are needed for key sags to improve the graded evaluation system for shale oil, so as to provide scientific guidance for accelerating oil and gas exploration and development in the Bohai Sea area. Based on analyses of geological and geochemical characteristics, rock pyrolysis, and multi-temperature-step pyrolysis data of Paleogene shale in the Liaozhong Sag, this study clarified the characteristics of retained hydrocarbons in the study area. Three indices, namely total organic carbon (TOC), free hydrocarbon content (S1), and S₁/TOC ratio, were selected as the key parameters for shale oil “sweet spot” evaluation. According to the degree of shale oil enrichment, the resources in the study area were classified into four categories: enriched, moderately enriched, low-efficiency, and ineffective resources. The graded resource volumes of shale oil in each interval were then calculated using the volumetric method. The results showed that: (1) The Paleogene shale in the Liaozhong Sag consisted of seven lithofacies, dominated by felsic and mixed shale. (2) Multiple kerogen types were developed, dominated by Type Ⅱ1 and Ⅱ2 kerogen with favorable oil-generation potential. The shale was generally in the mature stage, with an average TOC content above 1.4%, indicating good oil-generation potential. (3) After light-hydrocarbon restoration and heavy-hydrocarbon correction, the oil-bearing property of shale was significantly improved. The third member of the Shahejie Formation had the best geological conditions, and the northern Liaozhong Sag was the most favorable exploration sub-sag. Comprehensively considering hydrocarbon supply, oil-bearing property, and mobility, organic-rich felsic shale and organic-rich mixed shale were confirmed as the dominant lithofacies with the highest exploration value. (4) The total estimated shale oil resource volume in the study area was 13.42×108 tons using the volumetric method, and reached 29.09×108 tons after correction. The third member of the Shahejie Formation contributed the largest proportion of resources, with enriched resources mainly concentrated in the northern Liaozhong Sag, which is a key target for future exploration breakthroughs.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=BINGYAO LI1, JUNQING CHEN1, GUANGYUAN WANG2, KANYUAN SHI3, XIAOHAO WANG4, FUJIE JIANG1, HONGQI YUAN5, SI CHEN6, HONG PANG1, YAN WANG1, authorsList=BINGYAO LI, JUNQING CHEN, GUANGYUAN WANG, KANYUAN SHI, XIAOHAO WANG, FUJIE JIANG, HONGQI YUAN, SI CHEN, HONG PANG, YAN WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=FUJIE JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322941500853727454, articleId=1322941492129575068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=渤海湾盆地辽中凹陷古近系页岩油资源分级评价及分布特征, columnId=1322941494327390371, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气勘探, runingTitle=null, highlight=

渤海湾盆地沙河街组油气取得勘探开发突破,为中国海上油气增储上产提供了关键支撑,然而其页岩油资源潜力和规模尚不明确,需针对重点凹陷开展理论攻关,完善页岩油分级评价体系,为加快实现渤海海域油气勘探开发提供科学指导。本研究通过分析辽中凹陷古近系页岩地质地化特征,岩石热解及多温阶热解等数据,明确了研究区滞留烃特征,优选TOC(总有机碳)含量、S1(游离烃)、S1/TOC含量三个指标作为辽中凹陷页岩油“甜点”评价的主要参数,依据页岩油富集程度,将研究区资源划分为富集资源、中等富集资源、低效资源及无效资源4类,并利用体积法计算得到各层段页岩油的分级资源量。研究结果表明:①辽中凹陷古近系页岩包含7种岩相,以长英质和混合质为主;②发育多种类型干酪根,整体以优质生油的Ⅱ1型、Ⅱ2型为主;页岩普遍处于成熟演化阶段,TOC含量平均值在1.4 %以上,具备良好的生油潜力;③经轻烃恢复及重烃校正后,页岩含油性显著提升,沙河街组三段(以下简称沙三段)页岩地质条件最佳,平面上辽中北洼为最有利勘探洼槽,综合供烃条件、含油性及可动性三大关键因素,明确高有机质长英质页岩和高有机质混合质页岩为最具勘探价值的优势岩相;④运用体积法得到研究区总体估算资源量达13.42×108 t,校正后研究区资源量可达29.09×108 t,其中沙三段为主要资源贡献层段,富集资源主要集中于辽中北洼,是未来重点勘探突破方向。

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李冰瑶(2001—),女,在读博士研究生,主要从事油气藏形成机理与分布规律研究。地址:北京市昌平区府学路18号,邮政编码:102249。E-mail:

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姜福杰(1979—),男,博士,教授,主要从事油气成藏机理与分布规律研究。地址:北京市昌平区府学路18号,邮政编码:102249。E-mail:
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李冰瑶(2001—),女,在读博士研究生,主要从事油气藏形成机理与分布规律研究。地址:北京市昌平区府学路18号,邮政编码:102249。E-mail:

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Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2023, 52(1): 98-112., articleTitle=Effect of shale lithofacies on pore structure in the first member of Shahejie formation, Nanpu sag, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322941501247992032, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941501252186337, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, companyId=1322941501247992032, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941501260574946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, companyId=1322941501247992032, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 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ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941503013794026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, companyId=1322941503001211113, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development, Beijing 102206, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941503022182635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, companyId=1322941503001211113, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京 102206)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322941503118651628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941503127040237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, companyId=1322941503118651628, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 No. 1 Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Dagang Oil Company, Tianjin 300280, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941503139623150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, companyId=1322941503118651628, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 中国石油大港油田第一采油厂,天津 300280)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322941503294812400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, xref=5, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941503349338353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, companyId=1322941503294812400, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5 School of Earth Sciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941503357726962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, companyId=1322941503294812400, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=5 东北石油大学地球科学学院,黑龙江   大庆 163318)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322941503718437107, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, xref=6, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941503726825716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, companyId=1322941503718437107, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6 School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322941503735214325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, companyId=1322941503718437107, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=6 中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院,湖北   武汉 430074)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322941514409718087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Tectonic location,stratigraphic column,and stratigraphic section of Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=E0O4fzUs8NT8Za9kxMB/9A==, figureFileBig=z5zU8QHPTeGiL+PratZ7hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941514506187080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=图1, caption=辽中凹陷构造位置、地层柱状图及地层剖面, figureFileSmall=E0O4fzUs8NT8Za9kxMB/9A==, figureFileBig=z5zU8QHPTeGiL+PratZ7hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941514799788361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Mineral composition of Paleogene shale in Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=U6gMLs+kcfrF3/OLnnMF1A==, figureFileBig=KjrPUYKKX/3cVOdsM57uOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941516729168204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=图2, caption=辽中凹陷古近系页岩矿物组成, figureFileSmall=U6gMLs+kcfrF3/OLnnMF1A==, figureFileBig=KjrPUYKKX/3cVOdsM57uOw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941517119238477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Ternary diagram of mineral compositions of Paleogene shales in Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=PqBF5g0txnA6wyPA6pqanw==, figureFileBig=liG2kF0KS1PUIiriHisy4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941517249261902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=图3, caption=辽中凹陷古近系页岩矿物组分三角图, figureFileSmall=PqBF5g0txnA6wyPA6pqanw==, figureFileBig=liG2kF0KS1PUIiriHisy4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941517559640399, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Distribution characteristics of TOC content in shale of different Paleogene lithofacies in Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=cKsrI4U/lzDxyVDk7z0RAQ==, figureFileBig=umow9DLKEYFvmA0sfKPhKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941517639332176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=图4, caption=辽中凹陷古近系不同岩相页岩TOC含量分布特征

注:ω(TOC)为总有机碳含量,%。

, figureFileSmall=cKsrI4U/lzDxyVDk7z0RAQ==, figureFileBig=umow9DLKEYFvmA0sfKPhKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941517979070801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Planar contour map of TOC content in Paleogene shale of Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=bioZM/zxDXr8d/3gbkxsEw==, figureFileBig=psN76/Zk15qli1WO8DkZKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941518075539794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=图5, caption=辽中凹陷古近系页岩TOC含量平面等值线图, figureFileSmall=bioZM/zxDXr8d/3gbkxsEw==, figureFileBig=psN76/Zk15qli1WO8DkZKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941518138454355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Distribution characteristics of Ro in Paleogene shale of Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=K9a+V1X1Ql/0mom1pDbL3Q==, figureFileBig=c9EoPLwvqYV2ZlnYOrfOpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941518473998676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=图6, caption=辽中凹陷古近系页岩Ro分布特征, figureFileSmall=K9a+V1X1Ql/0mom1pDbL3Q==, figureFileBig=c9EoPLwvqYV2ZlnYOrfOpg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941518545301845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Classification of organic matter types in Paleogene shale of Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=aYs0dSyInfVFQ5BQWKx1kQ==, figureFileBig=q5tDLpMgw+qA9LsxmrTWzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941518624993623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=图7, caption=辽中凹陷古近系页岩有机质类型划分, figureFileSmall=aYs0dSyInfVFQ5BQWKx1kQ==, figureFileBig=q5tDLpMgw+qA9LsxmrTWzg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941519010869593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Distribution characteristics of S1 in shale of different Paleogene lithofacies in Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=BXMKVk/l+t+wG+R/qXjf7A==, figureFileBig=CZosl0DmM5BlnmkfsayATA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941520915083610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=图8, caption=辽中凹陷古近系不同岩相页岩S1分布特征, figureFileSmall=BXMKVk/l+t+wG+R/qXjf7A==, figureFileBig=CZosl0DmM5BlnmkfsayATA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941520986386781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Multi-temperature-step pyrolysis experimental data for shale of different lithofacies, figureFileSmall=nocgWmh3TIZ6b0f+tqKGPA==, figureFileBig=le9MjIB99HYeaQ7AS0d08w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941521317736798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同岩相页岩多温阶热解实验数据

注:S1-1为页岩中轻质油组分含量,单位mg/g;S1-2为页岩中轻中质油组分含量,单位mg/g;S2-1为页岩中吸附油量,单位mg/g;S2-2为页岩中干酪根的剩余生烃潜力,单位mg/g。

, figureFileSmall=nocgWmh3TIZ6b0f+tqKGPA==, figureFileBig=le9MjIB99HYeaQ7AS0d08w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941521389039967, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Planar contour map of S1 in Paleogene shale of Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=kS6DhSqwFzhev5HINvuXOw==, figureFileBig=WjXoSCh+GC+77jfELq1XyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941521481314657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=图10, caption=辽中凹陷古近系页岩S1平面等值线图, figureFileSmall=kS6DhSqwFzhev5HINvuXOw==, figureFileBig=WjXoSCh+GC+77jfELq1XyA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941521561006433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=OSI distribution characteristics in shales of different Paleogene lithofacies in Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=71SYwpx7yPz0tp3q2fS+iw==, figureFileBig=DQtWphtVj0OsYEQhKSHOdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941521808470370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=图11, caption=辽中凹陷古近系不同岩相页岩油饱和指数分布特征, figureFileSmall=71SYwpx7yPz0tp3q2fS+iw==, figureFileBig=DQtWphtVj0OsYEQhKSHOdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941521900745059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Scatter plot of TOC content and S1 for Paleogene shale in Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=EL9G7+M42EDF3Cachfj5hA==, figureFileBig=EdW1X5KyY1ZP6bHGsbZ8DQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941522265649508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=图12, caption=辽中凹陷古近系页岩TOC含量与S1散点图, figureFileSmall=EL9G7+M42EDF3Cachfj5hA==, figureFileBig=EdW1X5KyY1ZP6bHGsbZ8DQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941522332758373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Planar contour map of OSI in Paleogene shale of Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=adsEFDS4tduyLGZtyvfaeQ==, figureFileBig=kXCrmedm5KDP4ZHuPTn3oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941522659914088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=图13, caption=辽中凹陷古近系页岩油饱和指数平面等值线图, figureFileSmall=adsEFDS4tduyLGZtyvfaeQ==, figureFileBig=kXCrmedm5KDP4ZHuPTn3oA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941522731217258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Graded evaluation of resources in different Paleogene intervals of Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=RRPKrD+TJLY0vy7xIj029w==, figureFileBig=MA+WB4QmsF1r4jgXGR/ygQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941523020624235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=图14, caption=辽中凹陷古近系不同层段资源分级评价, figureFileSmall=RRPKrD+TJLY0vy7xIj029w==, figureFileBig=MA+WB4QmsF1r4jgXGR/ygQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941523112898924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=Rock pyrolysis data of Paleogene shale in Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=7F3gGBpHGvL/Sd23eDa9qg==, figureFileBig=+1O0eq/ZYipA75nTo/pKKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941523427471725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=图15, caption=辽中凹陷古近系页岩岩石热解数据, figureFileSmall=7F3gGBpHGvL/Sd23eDa9qg==, figureFileBig=+1O0eq/ZYipA75nTo/pKKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941523511357808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Fig.16, caption=Distribution of corrected S1 in shale of different Paleogene lithofacies in Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=flu8xklBDxaTgtDIiChAOw==, figureFileBig=KAcyyW89r++pAmUC+c9luQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941523578466673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=图16, caption=辽中凹陷古近系不同岩相页岩校正后S1分布, figureFileSmall=flu8xklBDxaTgtDIiChAOw==, figureFileBig=KAcyyW89r++pAmUC+c9luQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322941523842707826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Summary of sampling information, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层位埋深/m岩性样品类型样品数
东三段2 200~3 610泥岩岩屑15
1 836.67~2 765.15泥岩岩心3
沙一二段2 570~3 680泥岩岩屑11
1 919.37~3 862.14泥岩岩心4
沙三段2 810~3 820泥岩岩屑9
3 631.28~3 666.84泥岩岩心6
), ArticleFig(id=1322941525457514867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

取样信息汇总

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层位埋深/m岩性样品类型样品数
东三段2 200~3 610泥岩岩屑15
1 836.67~2 765.15泥岩岩心3
沙一二段2 570~3 680泥岩岩屑11
1 919.37~3 862.14泥岩岩心4
沙三段2 810~3 820泥岩岩屑9
3 631.28~3 666.84泥岩岩心6
), ArticleFig(id=1322941525566566773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Lithofacies classification of Paleogene shale in Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩相类型洼陷层位深度/m构造
高有机质混合质页岩辽中北洼东三段2 930.5纹层状
中有机质混合质页岩辽中南洼沙三段3 000.9层状
低有机质混合质页岩辽中中洼东三段2 934.7层状
高有机质长英质页岩辽中北洼沙一二段2 734.3层状
中有机质长英质页岩辽西北洼东三段1 931.0层状
低有机质长英质页岩辽中中洼沙一二段3 034.9纹层状
中有机质黏土质页岩辽中中洼东三段1 835.5层状
), ArticleFig(id=1322941525663035766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

辽中凹陷古近系页岩岩相划分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
岩相类型洼陷层位深度/m构造
高有机质混合质页岩辽中北洼东三段2 930.5纹层状
中有机质混合质页岩辽中南洼沙三段3 000.9层状
低有机质混合质页岩辽中中洼东三段2 934.7层状
高有机质长英质页岩辽中北洼沙一二段2 734.3层状
中有机质长英质页岩辽西北洼东三段1 931.0层状
低有机质长英质页岩辽中中洼沙一二段3 034.9纹层状
中有机质黏土质页岩辽中中洼东三段1 835.5层状
), ArticleFig(id=1322941526019551607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=Statistics of free hydrocarbon content in Paleogene shale of Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
S1/(mg/g)样本数量
东三段 0.010~4.5500.397382
沙一二段 0.019~4.8100.707175
沙三段 0.012~4.7200.637367
), ArticleFig(id=1322941526107631992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

辽中凹陷古近系页岩游离烃统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
S1/(mg/g)样本数量
东三段 0.010~4.5500.397382
沙一二段 0.019~4.8100.707175
沙三段 0.012~4.7200.637367
), ArticleFig(id=1322941526422204793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Statistics of oil saturation index (OSI) of Paleogene shale in Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
油饱和指数/(mg/g)样本数
东三段 0.90~120.6929.37314
沙一二段 5.62~190.0046.34122
沙三段 4.08~281.6946.90249
), ArticleFig(id=1322941526480925051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

辽中凹陷古近系页岩油饱和指数统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
油饱和指数/(mg/g)样本数
东三段 0.90~120.6929.37314
沙一二段 5.62~190.0046.34122
沙三段 4.08~281.6946.90249
), ArticleFig(id=1322941526770332029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Comparison of graded evaluation criteria for shale oil resources in typical continental basins, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
典型凹陷Ⅰ级(富集资源)Ⅱ级(低效资源)Ⅲ级(无效资源)
S1/(mg/g)ω(TOC)/%S1/(mg/g)ω(TOC)/%S1/(mg/g)ω(TOC)/%
东营凹陷[40]>2>2[0.5, 2][0.5, 2]<0.5<0.5
古龙凹陷[41]>6>2[2, 6][1, 2]<2<1
沧东凹陷[42]≥4[2, 6)[2, 4)≥6[1, 2)[1, 2)
), ArticleFig(id=1322941526837440894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

典型陆相盆地页岩油资源分级评价标准对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
典型凹陷Ⅰ级(富集资源)Ⅱ级(低效资源)Ⅲ级(无效资源)
S1/(mg/g)ω(TOC)/%S1/(mg/g)ω(TOC)/%S1/(mg/g)ω(TOC)/%
东营凹陷[40]>2>2[0.5, 2][0.5, 2]<0.5<0.5
古龙凹陷[41]>6>2[2, 6][1, 2]<2<1
沧东凹陷[42]≥4[2, 6)[2, 4)≥6[1, 2)[1, 2)
), ArticleFig(id=1322941526925521280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=Graded resource volume of Paleogene shale oil in Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
资源量分级东三段沙一二段沙三段
S1/(mg/g)厚度/m面积/km2资源量/108 tS1/(mg/g)厚度/m面积/km2资源量/108 tS1/(mg/g)厚度/m面积/km2资源量/108 t
富集资源4.32083.7679.480.69
中等富集资源1.71030.20387.710.481.827138.60132.060.802.040108.40220.321.17
低效资源0.29884.252268.741.370.52043.822419.311.321.021238.76276.021.61
无效资源0.085127.203319.450.860.130117.403522.641.290.230128.485400.083.83
), ArticleFig(id=1322941526992630145, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

辽中凹陷古近系页岩油分级资源量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
资源量分级东三段沙一二段沙三段
S1/(mg/g)厚度/m面积/km2资源量/108 tS1/(mg/g)厚度/m面积/km2资源量/108 tS1/(mg/g)厚度/m面积/km2资源量/108 t
富集资源4.32083.7679.480.69
中等富集资源1.71030.20387.710.481.827138.60132.060.802.040108.40220.321.17
低效资源0.29884.252268.741.370.52043.822419.311.321.021238.76276.021.61
无效资源0.085127.203319.450.860.130117.403522.641.290.230128.485400.083.83
), ArticleFig(id=1322941527198151043, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=Statistics of corrected S1 for Paleogene shale in Liaozhong Sag, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
校正后S1/(mg/g)样本数
东三段 0.020~22.1262.326382
沙一二段 0.025~22.1783.444175
沙三段 0.016~16.5143.221367
), ArticleFig(id=1322941527303008644, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

辽中凹陷古近系页岩校正后S1统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
校正后S1/(mg/g)样本数
东三段 0.020~22.1262.326382
沙一二段 0.025~22.1783.444175
沙三段 0.016~16.5143.221367
), ArticleFig(id=1322941527395283333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=Graded resource volume of Paleogene shale oil in Liaozhong Sag (after correction), figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
资源量分级

东三段资源量

/108 t

沙一二段资源量

/108 t

沙三段资源量

/108 t

共计4.7510.2014.14
富集资源0.621.061.72
中等富集资源1.782.473.82
低效资源0.883.183.25
无效资源1.473.495.35
), ArticleFig(id=1322941527613387142, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322941492129575068, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

辽中凹陷古近系页岩油分级资源量(校正后)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
资源量分级

东三段资源量

/108 t

沙一二段资源量

/108 t

沙三段资源量

/108 t

共计4.7510.2014.14
富集资源0.621.061.72
中等富集资源1.782.473.82
低效资源0.883.183.25
无效资源1.473.495.35
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渤海湾盆地辽中凹陷古近系页岩油资源分级评价及分布特征
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李冰瑶 1 , 陈君青 1 , 王广源 2 , 施砍园 3 , 王晓昊 4 , 姜福杰 1 , 袁红旗 5 , 陈思 6 , 庞宏 1 , 王岩 1
油气藏评价与开发 | 油气勘探 2026,16(6): 1171-1187
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油气藏评价与开发 |油气勘探 2026 , 16 (6) : 1171 -1187
渤海湾盆地辽中凹陷古近系页岩油资源分级评价及分布特征
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李冰瑶(2001—),女,在读博士研究生,主要从事油气藏形成机理与分布规律研究。地址:北京市昌平区府学路18号,邮政编码:102249。E-mail:

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李冰瑶1 , 陈君青1, 王广源2, 施砍园3, 王晓昊4, 姜福杰1, 袁红旗5, 陈思6, 庞宏1, 王岩1
作者信息
  • 1 中国石油大学(北京),北京 102249
  • 2 中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司,天津 300459
  • 3 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京 102206
  • 4 中国石油大港油田第一采油厂,天津 300280
  • 5 东北石油大学地球科学学院,黑龙江   大庆 163318
  • 6 中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院,湖北   武汉 430074
通讯作者:
姜福杰(1979—),男,博士,教授,主要从事油气成藏机理与分布规律研究。地址:北京市昌平区府学路18号,邮政编码:102249。E-mail:
作者简介:

李冰瑶(2001—),女,在读博士研究生,主要从事油气藏形成机理与分布规律研究。地址:北京市昌平区府学路18号,邮政编码:102249。E-mail:

Graded evaluation and distribution characteristics of Paleogene shale oil resources in Liaozhong Sag of Bohai Bay Basin
BINGYAO LI1 , JUNQING CHEN1, GUANGYUAN WANG2, KANYUAN SHI3, XIAOHAO WANG4, FUJIE JIANG1, HONGQI YUAN5, SI CHEN6, HONG PANG1, YAN WANG1
Affiliations
  • 1 China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • 2 Tianjin Company, CNOOC China Limited, Tianjin 300459, China
  • 3 State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development, Beijing 102206, China
  • 4 No. 1 Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Dagang Oil Company, Tianjin 300280, China
  • 5 School of Earth Sciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, China
  • 6 School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
出版时间: 2026-11-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250033
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渤海湾盆地  /  辽中凹陷  /  沙河街组  /  页岩油  /  分级评价  /  资源量
Bohai Bay Basin  /  Liaozhong Sag  /  Shahejie Formation  /  shale oil  /  graded evaluation  /  resource volume
李冰瑶, 陈君青, 王广源, 施砍园, 王晓昊, 姜福杰, 袁红旗, 陈思, 庞宏, 王岩. 渤海湾盆地辽中凹陷古近系页岩油资源分级评价及分布特征. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (6) : 1171 -1187 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250033
BINGYAO LI, JUNQING CHEN, GUANGYUAN WANG, KANYUAN SHI, XIAOHAO WANG, FUJIE JIANG, HONGQI YUAN, SI CHEN, HONG PANG, YAN WANG. Graded evaluation and distribution characteristics of Paleogene shale oil resources in Liaozhong Sag of Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (6) : 1171 -1187 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250033
最新资源评价表明页岩油是重要的非常规油气资源,其勘探开发对于保障国家能源安全具有重大意义,全球技术可采资源量达1.4×1012 t,中国技术可采资源量达(700~900)×108 t。近年来通过持续理论研究与技术攻关,在多个盆地已取得重大突破,展现出巨大的勘探开发潜力[1]。
目前渤海湾盆地页岩油建产主要在黄骅坳陷和济阳坳陷,其中沧东凹陷孔二段5号平台5口井使用4 mm油嘴测试单井产油量为39.6~122.3 t/d,截至2024年6月28日,累积产油量为8.9×104 t[2],歧口凹陷沙河街组三段(以下简称沙三段)QY10-1-1井产油量为103.5 t/d[3]。济阳坳陷沙河街组樊页平1井、渤页平5井、牛页1-1井试获百吨高产油气流,实现“三个洼陷、两个层系”页岩油勘探突破,新增预测储量4.58×108 t。东营凹陷樊页平1井在沙河街组四段纯上亚段测试获日产油171 t,沾化凹陷渤页平5井沙三段下亚段22层段压裂试获日产油79.61 t[4],勘探实践证明渤海湾盆地页岩油勘探具有极为广阔的前景。
2022年5月涠西南凹陷WY-1井取得海上页岩油勘探的重大突破[5],辽中凹陷存在渤海海域烃源岩最大生油强度中心,各层段泥页岩段普遍存在高气测异常,储集类型多样,保存条件良好,同时页岩含油性高,展现出页岩油良好的勘探前景[6-7]。然而辽中凹陷地区位处海域,页岩油勘探处于起步阶段,钻井、试油和实际生产资料较少,亟须建立适用于勘探初期的页岩油分级评价方法,明确研究区页岩油资源分布特征,为页岩油有利勘探目标优选提供理论支撑。
辽中凹陷位于渤海海域东北部,是陆上下辽河坳陷向辽东湾的延伸部分,整体呈北东至南西向展布,为东断西超的箕状凹陷,面积超4 000 km²,新生界沉积最大厚度超10 km(图1)。构造演化上,该凹陷以拉张断陷作用为核心特征,新生代多幕次断陷活动显著,发育多组正断层,这些断层切割各套地层并造成错动,控制了地层的沉积中心与分布。后期构造叠加未完全改造前期断陷格局,地层形态以断层控制的掀斜、断块差异升降为主,虽无大规模紧闭褶皱,但受断层活动影响呈现缓幅起伏,例如东营组三段(以下简称东三段)在断层两侧厚度存在明显差异(图1c)。
辽中凹陷新生界自下而上发育古近系沙河街组、东营组及上覆新近系馆陶组(图1b)。沙河街组可细分为沙四段、沙三段、沙二段、沙一段;东营组可细分为东三段、东二段、东一段,古近系沙河街组和东营组是凹陷内主要的烃源岩层系[9]。其中沙一段与沙二段沉积期(38~32 Ma)同处于裂后热沉降阶段,沉积序列连续稳定且在凹陷内发育完整,地层厚度相对较薄,二者间未发现明显沉积间断[10-11],因此,本次研究将沙一段与沙二段合并研究,统称为沙一段与沙二段(以下简称沙一二段)。
作为陆相湖盆,辽中凹陷东西两侧物源体系复杂,而古近纪多幕次断陷作用进一步调控了渤海海域复杂的源-汇体系与多类型岩性圈闭的形成[7]。沙三段沉积期凹陷沉降速率与沉积速率均较大,形成了巨厚泥岩层,为两侧斜坡区、凸起部位的供烃过程提供了坚实的物质基础。
为精准识别样品中的矿物组成及含量,评估页岩生烃潜力,便于后续开展岩相划分工作,选取辽中凹陷页岩样品共计48块。覆盖研究区主力页岩层段、不同构造部位,取样井位沿凹陷长轴方向均匀布设(图1a),埋深介于1 836.67~3 862.14 m(表1),能够全面反映研究区页岩地球化学特征的空间变化规律,取样点在平面分布、纵向层位与岩相类型上均具有良好的区域代表性。
开展了全岩矿物XRD(X射线衍射)实验和有机地球化学分析测试(TOC、岩石热解),其中XRD测试分析使用德国布鲁克D8AA25 X射线衍射仪,依据中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准《沉积岩中黏土矿物和常见非黏土矿物X射线衍射分析方法》(SY/T 5163-2018)进行检测;TOC分析利用LECO CS-230碳硫分析仪,依据中华人民共和国国家标准《沉积岩中总有机碳测定》(GB/T 19145—2022)进行检测;岩石热解使用ROCK-EVAL 6 岩石热解仪,依据中华人民共和国国家标准《岩石热解分析》(GB/T 18602-2012)进行检测,分析测试均在中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与工程全国重点实验室完成。结合收集到的辽中凹陷古近系基础地化数据来开展本次研究,汇总Ro(镜质体反射率)数据130条、TOC数据755条、S1与S2(热解烃)数据924条、Tmax(最高热解峰温)与IH(氢指数)数据683条以及全岩矿物XRD数据200条。
辽中凹陷古近系页岩以长英质矿物为主,黏土矿物次之,碳酸盐岩矿物含量最少。从东三段到沙三段长英质矿物含量逐渐增加,黏土质矿物含量逐渐减少,碳酸盐矿物含量波动较小(图2a)。
其中东三段长英质矿物含量介于28.40%~82.00%,平均值为50.26%(n(样本数)=37),石英最为发育,斜长石较钾长石更为发育;碳酸盐矿物含量介于0~36.10%,平均值为11.60%,方解石较白云石更为发育,方解石含量平均值为8.51%,而白云石含量只占1.08%;黏土矿物含量介于6.00%~53.20%,平均值为37.10%。从垂向上来看,石英、长石含量呈增—减—增变化趋势(图2b)。
沙一二段长英质矿物含量介于23.20%~92.00%,平均值为53.41%(n=60),石英含量随深度整体呈现先减后增趋势,斜长石含量较东三段大幅增加;碳酸盐矿物含量介于0~33.70%,平均值为12.24%,白云石极少发育;黏土矿物含量介于2.00%~65.00%,平均值为34.13%(图2c)。
沙三段长英质矿物含量介于30.00%~97.00%,平均值为73.77%(n=103);碳酸盐矿物含量介于0~31.00%,平均值为8.62%,2 800~3 400 m出现菱铁矿;黏土矿物含量介于2.00%~51.10%,平均值为17.59%(图2d)。
不同岩相的页岩其储集条件,生烃潜力等存在差异,通过对岩相的精细研究,方便后续开展页岩油有利区预测。本研究采用以长英质矿物-黏土矿物-碳酸盐矿物为端元的三元图解法开展岩相划分工作[12-13],结果表明东三段大量发育长英质岩相,少量混合质岩相;沙一二段长英质岩相、混合质岩相、黏土质岩相均有发育,长英质岩相仍占主导地位;沙三段长英质岩相及混合质岩相均匀发育,含极少量的黏土质岩相(图3)。而有机质丰度、矿物组成以及沉积构造,三者之间存在一定的相关关系,因此依据“无机矿物含量-沉积构造-有机质含量”3级标准[14-15]细化岩相划分方案。受海上钻井取心条件限制,研究区可取岩心样品数量有限,本次未系统开展岩石薄片鉴定与页岩微观结构特征分析。研究仅依托现有钻井岩心开展宏观岩心观察与沉积学描述,并以此为依据划分建立了7类页岩岩相类型(表2),在页岩微观孔隙、矿物组构及微观沉积成因机理方面的精细解析仍存在一定不足。
辽中凹陷古近系页岩有机质丰度跨度较大,统计发现东三段总有机碳含量介于0.052 3%~5.171 0%,平均值为1.417 0%(n=343);沙一二段总有机碳含量介于0.036 4%~4.590 0%,平均值为1.760 7%(n=132);沙三段介于0.040 9%~4.710 0%,平均值为1.646 0%(n=280)。从平均值上来看,沙一二段页岩总有机碳含量最高,沙三段稍次之。高有机质页岩中长英质较混合质页岩丰度更高;中有机质页岩中黏土质页岩TOC含量最大,长英质页岩较混合质页岩TOC含量大;低有机质页岩中混合质较长英质页岩丰度稍高(图4)。
绘制了古近系TOC含量平面等值线图(图5),辽中凹陷古近系页岩有机质丰度由北向南呈现先减小后增大的趋势,辽中北洼页岩TOC含量最高,辽中中洼与辽中南洼交界处稍次之。沙一二段在辽中北洼洼陷中心丰度最高,沙三段稍次之。
镜质体反射率(Ro)是反映页岩油成熟度的最好指标[16-17],辽中凹陷古近系东三段页岩成熟度介于0.320%~0.850%,平均值为0.540%(n=44);沙一二段页岩Ro逐渐增大,介于0.373%~1.060%,平均值为0.597%(n=25);沙三段页岩Ro介于0.290%~1.110%内,平均值为0.642%(n=61),在各层段中达到最大(图6a)。长英质页岩随着有机质丰度的降低,Ro平均值逐渐降低,而混合质页岩有机质成熟度相差不大(图6b);7种岩相中高有机质长英质页岩成熟度最高,中有机质黏土质页岩Ro平均值为0.428%,但其数据点极少,不具有代表性。
基于前人依据页岩有机质成熟度对页岩油类型进行划分[18-19]:辽中凹陷古近系与渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷沙三段下亚段—沙四段上亚段和苏北盆地阜二段相似,有机质以中—低熟型为主(0.5%<Ro<1.0%)[20-21],沙一二段和沙三段存在少量的中—高熟型(1.0%≤Ro<1.5%)(图6a)。中国的中—低成熟度页岩油已经具备了丰厚的基础研究与技术储备,并在鄂尔多斯、松辽等盆地开展了工业性试验[22-23],渤海湾盆地古近系中—低成熟度页岩油具有广阔的勘探开发前景。
有机质类型评价的指标较多,目前常用的方法有干酪根镜检、元素组成和岩石热解,其中元素组成判别方法的重要参数是干酪根O/C值与H/C值,岩石热解判别方法主要依赖氢指数(IH)和岩石最高热解峰温(Tmax)[24]。结合干酪根元素及岩石热解2种判识方法分析得到(图7),研究区页岩以Ⅱ型为主,东三段与沙三段干酪根多为Ⅱ1—Ⅱ2型,沙一二段以Ⅱ1型为主,整体生烃母质较好,具有良好的生烃潜力。
在常规热解分析中,常以游离烃(S1)表征页岩层系内部的滞留烃量。岩石热解结果表明研究区页岩S1介于0.01~4.81 mg/g,平均值为0.55 mg/g,从层位上来看,沙一二段的平均值最高,沙三段稍次之(表3)。高有机质混合质页岩S1平均值最高,可达1.64 mg/g(图8),中有机质与低有机质混合质页岩S1平均值相差不大;长英质页岩S1随着有机质丰度的增大而增大,其中为高有机质和低有机质时混合质页岩较长英质页岩S1高。中有机质黏土质页岩S1平均值为0.62 mg/g,数据点较少(n=5),不具有代表性。
进一步优选8块页岩样品,利用多温阶热解结合气相色谱分析页岩样品在不同热解温度段的烃类,参数S2-1表征页岩中吸附油量,参数S2-2表征页岩中干酪根的剩余生烃潜力,参数S1-1表征页岩中轻质油组分含量,参数S1-2表征页岩中轻中质油组分含量,S1-1、S1-2和S2-1的总和表征页岩中总油量[25]。混合质页岩吸附油量、剩余生烃潜力及总含油量均高于长英质页岩,东三段与沙三段页岩吸附油量、剩余生烃潜力及总含油量均高于沙一二段页岩(图9),这与常规岩石热解得到的结果稍有不同,推测混合质页岩实际上滞留了更多的油气,而在常规热解中,混合质页岩这部分大量的吸附油(S2-1)被错误地归入了S2,导致其真实的含油量被低估。
从各层位的S1等值线图(图10)分析得到含油性的优势洼陷均为辽中北洼,根据颜色标尺判断,S1自北向南呈减弱趋势,洼陷中部位置及远离凸起处含油性更好。
油饱和指数经常被用来判断页岩油的可动性。Jarvie[26]通过计算美国页岩油区产层的油饱和指数,发现油饱和指数大于100 mg/g的产层具有商业价值,因此他提出当油饱和指数大于100 mg/g时,油是可移动的,称为油交叉效应,中国许多学者也因此把油饱和指数等于100 mg/g定为页岩油可动性的下限[5,27]。
各层段油饱和指数平均值表现为沙三段最高,平均值为46.90 mg/g,沙一二段较沙三段略低(表4)。高有机质混合质页岩油饱和指数平均值最高,明显高于高有机质长英质页岩,低有机质时长英质与混合质页岩油饱和指数平均值相差不大(图11)。
建立页岩油资源的分级评价标准,明确页岩油资源规模与分布规律,有利于完善页岩油气勘探布局。本次研究基于辽中凹陷古近系页岩S1-TOC含量散点关系分析发现,游离烃随总有机碳含量变化呈现近似正态分布特征,这一特征说明姜福杰等[28]建立的以TOC含量、S1及S1/TOC含量为核心参数的陆相页岩油资源分级评价模型适用于本区。该模型将页岩油划分为富集资源、中等富集资源、低效资源与无效资源4级,已在准噶尔盆地、松辽盆地等多个陆相页岩油区成功应用,为页岩油资源分类评价提供了可靠方法。
辽中凹陷与准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷、松辽盆地古龙凹陷在沉积背景与构造演化上具有显著相似性,均以湖相—三角洲相沉积为主[29-31],具有“先断后拗”的构造演化序列[32],并受伸展断裂与走滑断裂共同控制[33-35]。对比显示,玛湖凹陷风城组页岩Ro介于0.56%~1.14%,平均值为0.80%,S1介于0.06~9.39 mg/g,平均值为1.23 mg/g,TOC含量平均值为1.20%[36-38];松辽盆地青山口组二段页岩以Ⅰ—Ⅱ型有机质为主,TOC含量多介于1.0%~1.8%,Ro介于0.65%~1.40%[39]。辽中凹陷古近系页岩有机质成熟度、含油性与上述地区相近,有机质类型与古龙凹陷相似,且有机质丰度整体高于玛湖凹陷,具备采用同类分级体系的地质基础。因此,本次研究在引用该分级模型的基础上,综合参考东营凹陷、沧东凹陷、古龙凹陷等典型凹陷页岩油评价标准(表5),结合研究区地质条件对参数阈值进行了合理调整。
首先在S1与TOC含量散点图上绘制外包络线,加入S1/ω(TOC)=1的数据线,与外包络线交点横坐标ω(TOC)=3.75%,过交点绘制垂直于纵坐标轴的直线,与包络线另一交点横坐标ω(TOC)=1.75%,故当3.75%≥ω(TOC)≥1.75%且S1≥3.75 mg/g时,页岩油富集程度高,属于富集资源;插入S1/ω(TOC)=0.8的数据线,当3.75%≥ω(TOC)≥1.75%,S1<3.75 mg/g,S1/ω(TOC)≥0.8时属于中等富集资源,S1/ω(TOC)<0.8时称为低效资源;当ω(TOC)<1.75%或ω(TOC)>3.75%时,此类页岩油称为无效资源(图12)。
本次建立的分级标准与渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷甜点评价标准相近,较东营凹陷、济阳坳陷[43]等陆上页岩油区标准更为严格,更贴合辽中凹陷海上勘探成本高、经济性约束强的客观条件,同时将中等富集资源纳入优势层段评价体系,使评价结果更贴合勘探实际,分级体系更具科学性与实用性。
图13为不同层段页岩油饱和指数平面等值线图,可以看出沙三段可动性更强,在辽中北洼及与辽中中洼交界处,油饱和指数可达到160 mg/g,沙一二段油饱和指数数值在辽中北洼沉降中心较大,东三段在辽中北洼及辽中中洼表现良好。
图14为不同层段的资源分级,图中红色区域为富集资源,橙色为中等富集资源,黄色为低效资源,蓝色代表无效资源。沙三段除中等富集资源外还发育富集资源,大量集中在辽中北洼。东三段和沙一二段发育中等富集资源为主。
目前中国页岩油地质资源量评价的方法主要为类比法、统计法和成因法,由于辽中凹陷地区页岩油勘探处于起步阶段,缺少相应的产能数据,因此选用体积法进行地质资源量估算。本次研究测得古近系页岩密度平均值为2 461 kg/m3(n=3),因样品点数量较少,同时参考了前人关于邻区(渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷[44]、东濮凹陷[45],沾化凹陷[46])的研究成果,最终取页岩密度为2 400 kg/m3,计算公式如下:
Q=ShρS1
式中:Q为页岩油资源量,单位t;S为页岩有效面积,单位m2;h为页岩有效厚度,单位m;ρ为页岩密度,单位kg/m3;S1为游离烃含量,单位mg/g。
表6展示了辽中凹陷古近系各层系页岩油分级资源的核心参数及资源量特征,研究区页岩油估算地质资源量规模较大,总量为13.42×108 t。其中,沙三段的页岩油资源量最大,占研究区总量的54.4%,且是唯一发育富集资源的层系,富集资源量为0.69×108 t。沙一二段和东三段低效资源量十分接近,相较之下沙一二段中等富集资源更优。各层系中低效与无效资源参数整体偏低,但分布范围广,是资源量的主体组成。
研究发现渤海湾盆地辽中凹陷古近系页岩相较于渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷和黄骅坳陷[2,47],页岩S1数值偏低,S2数值偏大(图15a),这是因为实际测试所获取的S1数据,往往受到轻烃散失与重烃损失的影响[48]。前人研究认为页岩油的烃类损失与样品放置时间有关[49-50],包含早期快速散失和后期缓慢散失2个过程,导致气态烃及轻烃组分大量散失,即实测的游离烃S1含量比实际值偏小。页岩样品中存在的重质油和沥青等组分沸点高,在300 ℃以前难以挥发,无法计入测量得到的S1中,同时造成S2值偏大[51-52]。为避免上述原因导致数据失真,本次研究开展了轻烃恢复及重烃校正工作,以供参考。
研究通过对比新鲜冷冻样品与常温保存样品确定热解过程中的轻烃散失特征,开展辽中凹陷古近系新鲜页岩样品与陈旧页岩样品的热解实验。发现新鲜岩样的S1的平均值为1.019 6 mg/g,而陈旧岩样S1的平均值为0.713 0 mg/g(图15b),根据平均值的比例确定研究区轻烃恢复系数为1.43。与前人通过自然演化剖面和低温密闭抽提方法判定的渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷沙四段上亚段—沙三段下亚段轻烃恢复系数介于1.00~1.50的结果接近,同时与前人关于邻区沧东凹陷孔二段轻烃恢复系数介于1.15~1.75的结论相吻合[53]。
根据多温阶热解的实验结果,定义重烃校正系数:
K重=S2-S2-2S2
式中:K重为重烃校正系数;S2为热解烃含量,单位mg/g;S2-2为页岩中干酪根的剩余生烃潜力,单位mg/g。
利用式(2)计算得到重烃校正系数为0.46。
依据轻烃恢复系数与重烃校正系数来重新计算页岩游离烃含量,公式如下:
S'=K轻S1+K重S2
式中:S'为校正后游离烃含量,单位mg/g;K轻为轻烃恢复系数。
S'(校正后游离烃)平均值约为实测S1平均值的5.27倍。与邻区南堡凹陷拾场次洼沙三段4亚段[54]及济阳坳陷渤南洼陷[55]相近,显著高于松辽盆地北部青山口组[56]、苏北盆地高邮凹陷[57]及三塘湖盆地[58]。这种差异主要受控于热成熟度、烃类组成、岩相矿物、保存条件及实验校正方法:东部渤海湾古近系页岩处于生油高峰,轻烃生成量大且常温保存散失强烈,同时富含胶质、沥青质等高沸点组分,重烃大量进入S2而未被S1检测,轻、重烃损失均最为突出,因此校正系数最高;松辽盆地青山口组成熟度偏高、轻烃比例大,校正幅度次之;苏北盆地与三塘湖盆地成熟度适中、重烃损失相对较弱,且轻烃校正偏保守,整体校正系数偏低。总体表现为东部新生代富有机质断陷湖盆校正系数高,中西部中生界—古生界盆地校正系数相对较低的区域分异规律。
校正后东三段、沙一二段、沙三段S1平均值分别为2.326、3.444、3.221 mg/g(表7),呈现的规律与校正前保持一致。分析不同岩相页岩校正后S1数据(图16),长英质页岩与混合质页岩TOC含量与校正后S1均呈现正相关关系,表现为高有机质混合质页岩校正后S1最大,平均值可达8.570 mg/g,较校正前有明显的提升。利用校正后的S1结合体积法估算研究区页岩油资源量(表8),各层段资源量均有了明显提升,总资源量可达29.09×108 t。其中,沙一二段最为明显,校正后资源量达10.20×108 t,是校正前的3.12倍,校正前后均表现为沙三段资源量最多,达14.14×108 t。
赵贤正等[59]探究了渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔二段湖相页岩油的富集特征,认为富含石英、长石矿物的长英质页岩是最为有利的生烃物质。前人研究认为黄骅坳陷南堡凹陷古近系沙一段的混合质页岩可作为页岩油勘探和开发的优势岩相,具有良好的页岩油形成条件[60-61]。本次研究得到,高有机质长英质岩相Ro平均值为0.737%,TOC含量平均值为2.690%,成熟度及总有机碳含量均优于高有机质混合质页岩(Ro平均值为0.613%、TOC含量平均值为2.560%),而高有机质混合质页岩S1为1.64 mg/g,含油性上优于高有机质长英质页岩(S1为1.09 mg/g)。经过轻烃恢复及重烃校正后,高有机质混合质页岩及高有机质长英质页岩的含油性优势更为突出。综合多因素分析,辽中凹陷古近系的优势岩相为高有机质长英质页岩和高有机质混合质页岩。
1)辽中凹陷古近系发育7种页岩岩相,分别为高有机质长英质页岩、中有机质长英质页岩、低有机质长英质页岩、高有机质混合质页岩、中有机质混合质页岩、低有机质混合质页岩及中有机质黏土质页岩,其中长英质页岩占主导地位,混合质页岩稍次之,黏土质页岩占极少部分。
2)辽中凹陷古近系发育多种类型的烃源岩,其中以Ⅱ1型、Ⅱ2型为主;各层段页岩TOC含量平均值均在1.40%以上,在沙一二段TOC含量平均值达到1.76%;从成熟度上来看,正处于成熟演化阶段,大部分为中—低熟型,沙河街组存在少量的中—高熟型,地球化学特征说明研究区具备良好的生油潜力。
3)古近系页岩S1数值稍低,但S2数值偏高,说明有机质尚未完全成熟转化,潜在生油空间大,经过轻烃恢复及重烃校正后的S1有明显升高,校正前后均表现为高有机质混合质页岩与高有机质长英质页岩含油性好。
4)采用体积法得到各层段页岩油估算地质资源量,校正前后均表现为沙三段的资源量总量最大,为研究区主力层段,富集资源主要集中于辽中北洼,校正后研究区总体资源量可达29.09×108 t。

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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250033
  • 接收时间:2026-05-15
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-11-26
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    1 中国石油大学(北京),北京 102249
    2 中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司,天津 300459
    3 页岩油气富集机理与高效开发全国重点实验室,北京 102206
    4 中国石油大港油田第一采油厂,天津 300280
    5 东北石油大学地球科学学院,黑龙江   大庆 163318
    6 中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院,湖北   武汉 430074

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姜福杰(1979—),男,博士,教授,主要从事油气成藏机理与分布规律研究。地址:北京市昌平区府学路18号,邮政编码:102249。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
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