Article(id=1322942784608543116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322942002035295141, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250021, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1773676800000, receivedDateStr=2026-03-17, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793343738939, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1790352000000, pubDateStr=2026-09-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793343738939, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793343738939, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793343738939, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322942002035295141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='5', pageStart='949', pageEnd='1136', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1790352000000', pubDateStr='2026-09-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793343552359, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793344212649, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322944771945267389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322942002035295141, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322944771945267390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322942002035295141, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1103, endPage=1112, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322942784864395661, articleId=1322942784608543116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Analysis of scaling causes and descaling effects in downhole tubing of Yanchuannan coalbed methane field, columnId=1322941621217657699, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Engineering Techniques, runingTitle=null, highlight=

To address the unclear spatial differentiation characteristics of scaling types and the lack of targeted acidizing solutions, this study integrated mineralogical analysis, hydrogeochemical methods, and scale dissolution experiments to elucidate the east-west differentiation patterns of downhole tubing scaling mechanisms within the Yanchuannan coalbed methane (CBM) field. Differentiated descaling technical pathways were formed. Mineralogical characterization revealed that the scaling materials in the western Wanbaoshan structural belt were predominantly calcite, representing typical carbonate scale, whereas those in the eastern Tanping structural belt were a complex mixture of calcite, siderite, pyrite, and clay minerals. Geochemical analysis indicated that a weakly acidic environment with a high-Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio in the west drove rapid carbonate scaling, whereas a weakly alkaline, high-sulfate environment in the east governed mineral composite deposition dominated by iron minerals. Scale dissolution experiments showed that hydrochloric acid (HCl) with a mass fraction of 6% was highly effective against carbonate scale (78.8%-93.0% dissolution rate), whereas a sulfamic acid composite system (descaling agent-to-water volume ratio of 1∶10) had lower corrosivity and achieved a scale dissolution rate of 76.3%-81.9%. Based on these results, a flexible zoning strategy was proposed. Sulfamic acid is recommended as a primary choice for periodic field-wide maintenance. HCl with mass fraction of 6% and corrosion inhibitors can be used for enhanced cleaning at specific stages for severe carbonate scale accumulation in the western region. For eastern composite scales with significant silicate components and insufficient maintenance effects, targeted hydrofluoric acid (HF) treatment may be adopted under strict safety protection. This research forms a precise descaling method of “scale identification—mechanism analysis—acid fluid selection,” providing a theoretical basis and practical guidance for scaling prevention and control in CBM wells under similar geological conditions.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=YAXI JIN1, 2, HUI XU1, 2, GUANGRONG ZHANG1, 3, JUN ZENG1, 2, WEIHENG WANG1, 4, SONG YANG1, 3, WEIXUE HU2, LEI ZHANG2, TINGTING ZHANG2, LI LIU2, authorsList=YAXI JIN, HUI XU, GUANGRONG ZHANG, JUN ZENG, WEIHENG WANG, SONG YANG, WEIXUE HU, LEI ZHANG, TINGTING ZHANG, LI LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322942787938820510, articleId=1322942784608543116, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=延川南煤层气田井下管柱结垢成因及除垢效果分析, columnId=1322941621964243813, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=工程工艺, runingTitle=null, highlight=

针对结垢类型空间分异特征不清、酸洗方案缺乏针对性等问题,本研究综合运用矿物学分析、水文地球化学方法与溶垢实验,揭示了延川南煤层气田井下管柱结垢机理的东西向分异规律,并构建了差异化除垢技术路径。矿物学特征表明,西部万宝山构造带结垢物以方解石为主,属于典型碳酸盐垢;东部谭坪构造带则为方解石、菱铁矿、黄铁矿及黏土矿物共生的复合垢。地球化学分析揭示,西部弱酸性、高钙镁离子环境驱动碳酸盐快速结垢;东部弱碱性、高硫酸根环境则主导了以铁矿物为主的矿物复合沉积过程。溶垢实验表明,质量分数6%的盐酸(HCl)对碳酸盐垢溶垢性能优异,溶垢率78.8%~93.0%;氨基磺酸复合体系(除垢剂与水体积比1∶10)腐蚀速率更低,溶垢率达76.3%~81.9%。据此提出弹性分区治理策略:氨基磺酸为全气田周期性运维首选药剂;西部碳酸盐垢沉积严重区块,阶段性启用添加缓蚀剂的质量分数6% HCl开展强化清洗;东部硅酸盐组分占比偏高、常规清洗效果不足的复合垢区块,可在完备安全防护条件下采用氢氟酸(HF)进行靶向溶垢处理。该研究形成了“垢型识别—机理解析—酸液优选”的精准除垢方法,为类似地质条件下煤层气井的结垢防治提供了理论依据与工程实践路径。

, articleAbstract=null, authors=靳雅夕1, 2, 徐辉1, 2, 张光荣1, 3, 曾隽1, 2, 王维恒1, 4, 杨松1, 3, 胡微雪2, 张蕾2, 张婷婷2, 刘莉2, authorsList=靳雅夕, 徐辉, 张光荣, 曾隽, 王维恒, 杨松, 胡微雪, 张蕾, 张婷婷, 刘莉, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

靳雅夕(1986—),女,硕士,工程师,从事环境监测及相关评价分析工作。地址:江苏省扬州市邗沟路50号,邮政编码:225007。E-mail:

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Applied Chemical Industry, 2018, 47(8): 1675-1677., articleTitle=Development of CBM scale inhibitor, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322942788186284447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942788194673056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, companyId=1322942788186284447, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 Sinopec Key Laboratory of Deep Coalbed Methane Exploration and Development, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942788207255969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, companyId=1322942788186284447, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国石化深层煤层气勘探开发重点实验室,江苏   南京 210019)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322942788295336354, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942788307919267, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, companyId=1322942788295336354, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 Exploration and Development Research Institute, Sinopec East China Oil & Gas Company, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225007, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942788320502180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, companyId=1322942788295336354, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院,江苏   扬州 225007)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322942788395999653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942788408582566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, companyId=1322942788395999653, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 Sinopec (Shanxi) Coalbed Methane Co., Ltd., Linfen, Shanxi 041099, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942788425359783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, companyId=1322942788395999653, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 中国石化(山西)煤层气有限公司,山西   临汾 041099)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322942788509245864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, xref=4, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942788521828777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, companyId=1322942788509245864, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Sinopec East China Oil & Gas Company, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322942788530217386, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, companyId=1322942788509245864, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=4 中国石化华东油气分公司石油工程技术研究院,江苏   南京 210004)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322942800945357294, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Geological structural location of Yanchuannan coalbed methane field and downhole tubing scaling conditions, figureFileSmall=Qjkth6BiB0XjEYoqc0iKSg==, figureFileBig=TkzOssDXdahkt+GrFKAnTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942801020854767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=CN, label=图1, caption=延川南煤层气田地质构造位置及井下管柱结垢情况

注:a为延川南煤层气田地质构造;b为抽油杆外壁结垢严重,呈棕黄色;c为管内壁结垢严重;d为泵筒外壁结垢严重,呈灰白色;e为泵筒固定阀结垢严重,呈黑色。

, figureFileSmall=Qjkth6BiB0XjEYoqc0iKSg==, figureFileBig=TkzOssDXdahkt+GrFKAnTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942801800995312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Physical photos of scale samples collected at wellsite in Yanchuannan CBM field, figureFileSmall=A8pnrjX3EflwoF/ux/GVjQ==, figureFileBig=0E7uz5zv8RGaYOVTh5hCAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942801868104177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=CN, label=图2, caption=延川南煤层气田井场采集垢样实物图, figureFileSmall=A8pnrjX3EflwoF/ux/GVjQ==, figureFileBig=0E7uz5zv8RGaYOVTh5hCAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942801968767474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Main element and mineral contents of scale samples, figureFileSmall=MPY29gG6/y/VOPSJffNX7Q==, figureFileBig=r0F59ZwJb70MotW/EJOg4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942802056847859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=CN, label=图3, caption=结垢物主要元素及主要矿物含量, figureFileSmall=MPY29gG6/y/VOPSJffNX7Q==, figureFileBig=r0F59ZwJb70MotW/EJOg4A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942802140733940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra of representative scale samples, figureFileSmall=h3jXJwhEv3OHRkiql+DL2g==, figureFileBig=59uuy3Cw4p7x/uaowNBbRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942802228814325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=CN, label=图4, caption=结垢物代表样品XRD检测图谱, figureFileSmall=h3jXJwhEv3OHRkiql+DL2g==, figureFileBig=59uuy3Cw4p7x/uaowNBbRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942802291728886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Saturation scaling tendency indices of LSI andRSI based on produced water ion concentration, figureFileSmall=mfPeU1WGPuamQLxVz/FSCg==, figureFileBig=woWKcfr+Hx7M/gsff2QClg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942802354643447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=CN, label=图5, caption=基于采出水离子质量浓度的LSI和RSI饱和结垢倾向指数, figureFileSmall=mfPeU1WGPuamQLxVz/FSCg==, figureFileBig=woWKcfr+Hx7M/gsff2QClg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942802425946616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Scale dissolution efficiency of hydrochloric acid and sulfamic acid composite system, figureFileSmall=ME0nFzMn6kgZF62xQkfyZA==, figureFileBig=P0BRzjb+S7sHOf50TQU/UQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942802488861177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=CN, label=图6, caption=HCl和氨基磺酸复合体系溶垢效率, figureFileSmall=ME0nFzMn6kgZF62xQkfyZA==, figureFileBig=P0BRzjb+S7sHOf50TQU/UQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942802568552954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Comparison of corrosion effects of different acid systems on N80 steel coupons, figureFileSmall=P7e8e8ESeZ+HTj8Qxr7/Kw==, figureFileBig=r/ShW3fdAJkgrYxkYvm0Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942802644050427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同酸液体系对N80标准钢片的腐蚀效果对比, figureFileSmall=P7e8e8ESeZ+HTj8Qxr7/Kw==, figureFileBig=r/ShW3fdAJkgrYxkYvm0Uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942802723742204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Comparison of field descaling performance between western Wanbaoshan and eastern Tanping structural belts, figureFileSmall=4Q1TOscjw+C7gFV98+I7mw==, figureFileBig=3TJu+QcNBrdgAL5EXPTNfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942802790851069, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=CN, label=图8, caption=西部万宝山构造带和东部谭坪构造带现场除垢对比, figureFileSmall=4Q1TOscjw+C7gFV98+I7mw==, figureFileBig=3TJu+QcNBrdgAL5EXPTNfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322942802883125758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Sampling information of scale samples in Yanchuannan coalbed methane field, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构造带样品号平台井号井深/m取样位置/m样品状态备注
万宝山1W146Y3-26-201 265.61 131.1厚片状、浅棕色油管内壁
2W146Y3-26-201 265.61 131.1薄片状、浅棕色油管内壁
4W142Y3-P42 829.21 030.0薄片状、灰色、内壁蓝色油管内壁
5W10Y6-2-201 283.51 228.0薄片状、乳白色泵筒固定阀
6W10Y6-2-201 283.51 228.0厚片状、灰白色、灰色油管内壁
7W75Y21-TP132 407.00~10.0粉末状、棕色油管内壁
谭坪3TN-1Y1-10-121 275.91 221.1薄片状、深棕色油管内壁
8T85Y1-58-241 143.41 031.0薄片状、深棕色油管内壁
9T83Y1-52-16893.3729.0薄片状、棕色油管内壁
), ArticleFig(id=1322942804791534079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

延川南煤层气田垢样取样信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构造带样品号平台井号井深/m取样位置/m样品状态备注
万宝山1W146Y3-26-201 265.61 131.1厚片状、浅棕色油管内壁
2W146Y3-26-201 265.61 131.1薄片状、浅棕色油管内壁
4W142Y3-P42 829.21 030.0薄片状、灰色、内壁蓝色油管内壁
5W10Y6-2-201 283.51 228.0薄片状、乳白色泵筒固定阀
6W10Y6-2-201 283.51 228.0厚片状、灰白色、灰色油管内壁
7W75Y21-TP132 407.00~10.0粉末状、棕色油管内壁
谭坪3TN-1Y1-10-121 275.91 221.1薄片状、深棕色油管内壁
8T85Y1-58-241 143.41 031.0薄片状、深棕色油管内壁
9T83Y1-52-16893.3729.0薄片状、棕色油管内壁
), ArticleFig(id=1322942804875420160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Elemental and mineral composition of scale samples in Yanchuannan CBM field, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构造带样品号CaSSiFeBaAlSrTiCrCo
万宝山135.870.902.621.081.321.270.740.580.060
234.771.071.811.991.810.960.810.740.010
438.390.272.840.790.811.270.680.400.040.03
535.150.121.433.281.340.850.610.530.010
641.050.131.800.001.141.060.550.530.020.04
731.790.121.501.580.440.840.560.170.030
谭坪321.207.202.7021.700.131.400.190.090.030
828.105.404.7018.500.222.300.210.170.160
920.628.274.7824.300.102.160.170.030.050
构造带样品号方解石文石菱铁矿黄铁矿黏土矿物石英钾长石斜长石
万宝山190.41.600.44.71.50.60.8
292.71.800.83.20.50.60.4
496.0000.102.80.60.5
598.8000.600.30.20.1
699.100000.60.20.1
797.1000.501.40.30.7
谭坪368.4011.33.87.86.40.61.7
871.108.81.98.59.700
966.3011.64.59.17.90.60
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延川南煤层气田垢样元素组成及矿物组成

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构造带样品号CaSSiFeBaAlSrTiCrCo
万宝山135.870.902.621.081.321.270.740.580.060
234.771.071.811.991.810.960.810.740.010
438.390.272.840.790.811.270.680.400.040.03
535.150.121.433.281.340.850.610.530.010
641.050.131.800.001.141.060.550.530.020.04
731.790.121.501.580.440.840.560.170.030
谭坪321.207.202.7021.700.131.400.190.090.030
828.105.404.7018.500.222.300.210.170.160
920.628.274.7824.300.102.160.170.030.050
构造带样品号方解石文石菱铁矿黄铁矿黏土矿物石英钾长石斜长石
万宝山190.41.600.44.71.50.60.8
292.71.800.83.20.50.60.4
496.0000.102.80.60.5
598.8000.600.30.20.1
699.100000.60.20.1
797.1000.501.40.30.7
谭坪368.4011.33.87.86.40.61.7
871.108.81.98.59.700
966.3011.64.59.17.90.60
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构造带井号pH值Na+/(mg/L)K+/(mg/L)Mg2+/(mg/L)Ca2+/(mg/L)Cl-/(mg/L)SO42 -/(mg/L)CO32 -/(mg/L)HCO3-/(mg/L)矿化度/(mg/L)
万宝山Y3-26-207.127 629275223 26918 8890039730 731
Y3-P46.6027 172371 1308 17363 399270213100 151
Y6-2-207.204 440141828949 08026068615 321
Y21-TP136.509 968632 85417 96458 9020039790 148
谭坪Y1-10-128.061 51435742542 5531 4941802 3198 423
Y1-58-247.7069912399427917902 0443 292
Y1-52-168.599161611143481 17706413 348
), ArticleFig(id=1322942805127078403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

采出水离子质量浓度分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
构造带井号pH值Na+/(mg/L)K+/(mg/L)Mg2+/(mg/L)Ca2+/(mg/L)Cl-/(mg/L)SO42 -/(mg/L)CO32 -/(mg/L)HCO3-/(mg/L)矿化度/(mg/L)
万宝山Y3-26-207.127 629275223 26918 8890039730 731
Y3-P46.6027 172371 1308 17363 399270213100 151
Y6-2-207.204 440141828949 08026068615 321
Y21-TP136.509 968632 85417 96458 9020039790 148
谭坪Y1-10-128.061 51435742542 5531 4941802 3198 423
Y1-58-247.7069912399427917902 0443 292
Y1-52-168.599161611143481 17706413 348
), ArticleFig(id=1322942805223547396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=Corrosion rate of different acid systems on N80 steel coupons, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
6% HCl体系氨基磺酸复合体系(1∶10配比)
编号腐蚀速率/[g/(m²·h)]平均腐蚀速率/[g/(m²·h)]编号腐蚀速率/[g/(m²·h)]平均腐蚀速率/[g/(m²·h)]
123.123.9742.302.33
223.652.30
322.362.38
), ArticleFig(id=1322942805307433477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同酸液体系对N80标准钢片的腐蚀速率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
6% HCl体系氨基磺酸复合体系(1∶10配比)
编号腐蚀速率/[g/(m²·h)]平均腐蚀速率/[g/(m²·h)]编号腐蚀速率/[g/(m²·h)]平均腐蚀速率/[g/(m²·h)]
123.123.9742.302.33
223.652.30
322.362.38
), ArticleFig(id=1322942805496177158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=Comprehensive comparison of descaling schemes in Yanchuannan coalbed methane field, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案名称原料成本安全性综合评价
HCl体系低中(腐蚀,H2S风险)经济,适用于碳酸盐垢为主区域
氨基磺酸复合体系高低(温和,无氯脆)价格较贵,适用于碳酸盐垢为主的防腐/环保敏感区
HF复配体系中高(剧毒、强腐蚀)适用于硅酸盐复合垢区域,技术必要性高,风险最高
), ArticleFig(id=1322942805575868935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

延川南煤层气田除垢方案综合对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案名称原料成本安全性综合评价
HCl体系低中(腐蚀,H2S风险)经济,适用于碳酸盐垢为主区域
氨基磺酸复合体系高低(温和,无氯脆)价格较贵,适用于碳酸盐垢为主的防腐/环保敏感区
HF复配体系中高(剧毒、强腐蚀)适用于硅酸盐复合垢区域,技术必要性高,风险最高
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延川南煤层气田井下管柱结垢成因及除垢效果分析
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靳雅夕 1, 2 , 徐辉 1, 2 , 张光荣 1, 3 , 曾隽 1, 2 , 王维恒 1, 4 , 杨松 1, 3 , 胡微雪 2 , 张蕾 2 , 张婷婷 2 , 刘莉 2
油气藏评价与开发 | 工程工艺 2026,16(5): 1103-1112
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油气藏评价与开发 |工程工艺 2026 , 16 (5) : 1103 -1112
延川南煤层气田井下管柱结垢成因及除垢效果分析
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[Author(id=1322942788601520556, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=805958885@qq.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1322942788693795247, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322942784608543116, authorId=1322942788601520556, language=EN, stringName=YAXI JIN, firstName=YAXI, middleName=null, lastName=JIN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, 2, address=1 Sinopec Key Laboratory of Deep Coalbed Methane Exploration and Development, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019, China
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2 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院,江苏   扬州 225007, bio={"content":"

靳雅夕(1986—),女,硕士,工程师,从事环境监测及相关评价分析工作。地址:江苏省扬州市邗沟路50号,邮政编码:225007。E-mail:

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靳雅夕(1986—),女,硕士,工程师,从事环境监测及相关评价分析工作。地址:江苏省扬州市邗沟路50号,邮政编码:225007。E-mail:

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靳雅夕1, 2 , 徐辉1, 2, 张光荣1, 3, 曾隽1, 2, 王维恒1, 4, 杨松1, 3, 胡微雪2, 张蕾2, 张婷婷2, 刘莉2
作者信息
  • 1 中国石化深层煤层气勘探开发重点实验室,江苏   南京 210019
  • 2 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院,江苏   扬州 225007
  • 3 中国石化(山西)煤层气有限公司,山西   临汾 041099
  • 4 中国石化华东油气分公司石油工程技术研究院,江苏   南京 210004
作者简介:

靳雅夕(1986—),女,硕士,工程师,从事环境监测及相关评价分析工作。地址:江苏省扬州市邗沟路50号,邮政编码:225007。E-mail:

Analysis of scaling causes and descaling effects in downhole tubing of Yanchuannan coalbed methane field
YAXI JIN1, 2 , HUI XU1, 2, GUANGRONG ZHANG1, 3, JUN ZENG1, 2, WEIHENG WANG1, 4, SONG YANG1, 3, WEIXUE HU2, LEI ZHANG2, TINGTING ZHANG2, LI LIU2
Affiliations
  • 1 Sinopec Key Laboratory of Deep Coalbed Methane Exploration and Development, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210019, China
  • 2 Exploration and Development Research Institute, Sinopec East China Oil & Gas Company, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225007, China
  • 3 Sinopec (Shanxi) Coalbed Methane Co., Ltd., Linfen, Shanxi 041099, China
  • 4 Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute, Sinopec East China Oil & Gas Company, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China
出版时间: 2026-09-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250021
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延川南煤层气田  /  井下管柱  /  结垢成因  /  除垢剂  /  差异化除垢
Yanchuannan coalbed methane (CBM) field  /  downhole tubing  /  scaling causes  /  descaling agent  /  differentiated descaling
靳雅夕, 徐辉, 张光荣, 曾隽, 王维恒, 杨松, 胡微雪, 张蕾, 张婷婷, 刘莉. 延川南煤层气田井下管柱结垢成因及除垢效果分析. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (5) : 1103 -1112 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250021
YAXI JIN, HUI XU, GUANGRONG ZHANG, JUN ZENG, WEIHENG WANG, SONG YANG, WEIXUE HU, LEI ZHANG, TINGTING ZHANG, LI LIU. Analysis of scaling causes and descaling effects in downhole tubing of Yanchuannan coalbed methane field[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (5) : 1103 -1112 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250021
煤层气作为重要的非常规天然气资源,在中国能源转型中作用关键[1-3]。延川南煤层气田是中国石化首个煤层气田,但井下管柱结垢问题严重,泵筒堵塞导致气田排采设备检修作业占比超50%,结垢问题已成为气田高效开发的主要瓶颈之一[4-5]。
煤层气井结垢主要受地质条件、流体性质和开采工艺等多重因素影响。开采过程中温压变化,易使采出水中矿物质过饱和析出,深层高温高压环境下,矿物析出现象更为显著。不仅增大流体流动阻力,还会诱发腐蚀,对设备造成结垢与腐蚀复合损害[6-8]。在油气田结垢防治领域,国际上基于朗格利尔(Langelier)饱和指数(LSI)和赖兹纳(Ryznar)稳定指数(RSI)的水化学平衡理论,为结垢预测奠定了理论基础[9-10];国内学者针对煤层气井结垢问题开展了固体酸除垢、腐蚀结垢耦合机制及防腐防垢工艺等研究[11-13]。目前防治手段以化学除垢和物理清垢为主,现场应用已取得一定成效[14-15],但针对延川南煤层气田,当前研究多侧重于单一区块垢性特征描述或通用酸液效果评价,对同一气田内部不同构造单元的结垢机理分异规律及其对除垢方案的控制作用研究仍较为欠缺,现场普遍沿用“一刀切”治理模式,以HCl体系清洗除垢,未开展系统的酸液配比优选工作,不仅造成药剂浪费,还会加剧设备腐蚀、释放有害气体[16-17]。基于上述问题,通过矿物学与水文地球化学联动分析,明确了延川南煤层气田东西部空间结垢类型及成因分异规律;依托溶垢实验优选HCl等酸液最佳工作配比,构建了“分区分类”的差异化酸液体系优选方案,为现场精准除垢提供理论与技术支撑。
延川南气田位于山西省临汾市乡宁一带,构造上位于鄂尔多斯盆地东南缘,主力开发层位为二叠系山西组2号煤层、太原组10号煤层。气田年产天然气约4×108 m3,以中部的西掌断裂带为界,形成西部以Y3井为中心、东部以Y1井为中心的两个煤层气富集区(图1a)。随着气田的持续开发建设,早期投产井出现了明显的管柱结垢问题,在西北部和南部区域表现尤为突出。部分生产井的油管自下而上形成致密层状结垢,垢体为棕黄色、灰白色或黑色硬垢,具备清晰沉积韵律与叠层状结构(图1b、图1c)。部分井泵筒及固定阀被煤泥垢片堵塞,导致采气设备无法正常工作(图1d、图1e)。研究工区内结垢程度具有显著空间分异特征,高产、中产、低产气井及产液井均存在不同等级的结垢现象,油管全井段均匀结垢与局部井段(如泵上特定井段)集中结垢并存。检泵起出管柱后观察,垢体坚硬,结附牢固,管柱内煤泥与垢片交织堵塞,问题突出,严重影响气田正常生产。
根据结垢发育程度,从研究区7口井不同部位共采集9个垢样(表1),西部万宝山构造带4口井,东部谭坪构造带3口井(图1a)。样品主要采自油管内壁,垢样多呈片状,颜色涵盖乳白色、灰色、深灰色至棕色(图2)。
采出水离子分析按照中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准《油田水分析方法》(SY/T 5523—2016)执行;采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)与X射线衍射(XRD)测试垢样元素组成和矿物物相;利用LSI、RSI饱和指数对采出水结垢趋势进行评价;溶垢实验采用失重法,于40 ℃恒温水浴反应40 min;静态挂片腐蚀实验依据中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准《酸化用缓蚀剂性能试验方法及评价指标》(SY/T 5405—2019)开展,选用N80钢片在40 ℃条件下静态挂片4 h。
XRF分析结果表明,西部万宝山构造带和东部谭坪构造带垢样元素组成存在明显分异特征(表2、图3a):西部垢样以Ca为绝对主导元素,其质量分数平均值为36.17%,次要元素为Si、Ba、Al、Fe、S的质量分数多为1%~3%,同时含Sr、Co、Cr、Ti等痕量金属元素,质量分数普遍低于0.5%;东部垢样除Ca元素以外,Fe质量分数显著增高(平均值21.5%),Si、Al、S含量也明显上升,暗示东部垢样中含铁矿物和黏土矿物占比明显升高。上述元素组成的分异特征,反映出气田东西部结垢成因与形成机制存在本质差异。
XRD定量分析进一步揭示了垢样矿物组成的差异性(表2、图3b):西部垢样以方解石为绝对优势矿物相,次要矿物包含黏土矿物、石英、黄铁矿,以及微量矿物钾长石与斜长石。西部垢样XRD图谱(图4a、图4b)衍射峰形态规整,低衍射角度区间(2.5°~10.0°)基线平直,表明样品几乎不含非晶态组分,以无机矿物为主体;其中Y3井区1号样品检出少量CaCO3同质多象变体——文石。东部垢样矿物组合更为复杂,与XRF分析中Fe、S、Si、Al元素含量增高的特征相吻合。碳酸盐矿物除方解石外,还发育大量菱铁矿(FeCO3)、黄铁矿(FeS2)及黏土矿物(硅铝酸盐);东部垢样XRD图谱(图4c、图4d)在低衍射角度(2.5°~10.0°)处出现明显宽化衍射峰,说明样品中含有非晶态有机质、含铁氧化物等组分。
采出水离子质量浓度分析显示(表3),东西部水化学特征差异显著:西部以高矿化度CaCl2型水为主,Ca2+和Mg2+质量浓度普遍较高,Cl-质量浓度高,pH值呈中性至弱酸性(6.50~7.20),为碳酸盐垢的形成提供了充足的物质基础;而东部整体矿化度显著低于西部,水型多为NaHCO3型,SO42 -质量浓度显著偏高(最高1 494 mg/L),pH值呈中性至弱碱性(7.70~8.59),为硫酸盐还原菌的活动及后续黄铁矿(FeS₂)与菱铁矿(FeCO₃)的沉淀创造了有利条件。这种酸碱度差异主要受区域水化学体系控制:西部高矿化度CaCl2型水中,高质量浓度的Ca2+、Mg2+水解,且封闭滞留环境下CO2分压相对较高,共同导致了水体偏酸性;东部NaHCO3型水则富含HCO3-和CO32 -,缓冲体系占主导,且系统相对开放、CO2分压较低,因此pH值升高。综合分析,西部井区高Cl-质量浓度是水体高矿化度和水文封闭性的标志,结合其弱酸性条件及极高的Ca2+质量浓度,存在较高的管柱腐蚀与碳酸盐结垢风险;东部井区弱碱性、高SO42 -的环境,易通过促进硫酸盐还原菌活动引发硫化物(如黄铁矿)及菱铁矿结垢发育趋势。
延川南煤层气田东西部结垢分异特征是水文地质条件与井筒环境共同作用的结果。东西部迥异的水文地球化学背景是结垢差异的根本原因[3]:西部为高压封闭滞留区,高矿化度CaCl2型水富集Ca2+、Mg2+,可为碳酸盐垢的形成提供物质基础;而东部为弱径流区,其弱碱性、富含HCO3-/CO32 -且赋存可利用Fe2+的环境,为菱铁矿(FeCO3)的化学沉淀提供热力学条件;同时,较高的SO42 -在局部厌氧微环境中可通过硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)活动生成H2S,进而与活性铁反应形成少量伴生黄铁矿(FeS₂)。煤层气排采过程中,井筒温压条件发生剧烈变化进一步加剧了这种分异:西部高产井温度、压力骤降显著降低了碳酸钙溶解度,促进方解石快速析出;而东部井区铁矿物沉淀主要受离子浓度与pH值控制,在相对稳定的弱碱性环境中与硅酸盐等共沉积,形成更为复杂的复合垢。
根据中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准《油田水结垢趋势预测方法》(SY/T 0600—2016)[10],采用LSI与RSI指数[9],在20 ℃、30 ℃和40 ℃(对应实际井深地层温度)条件下,对研究区7口井采出水进行结垢趋势预测。判断标准:LSI>0表明碳酸钙过饱和,存在结垢可能,此时进一步依据RSI量化风险——RSI<5.0为严重结垢,5.0≤RSI<6.0为明显结垢,6.0≤RSI<7.0为轻微结垢或基本稳定;若LSI≤0,则碳酸钙结垢风险较低,需结合RSI>7.0等情况关注腐蚀或其他类型结垢。预测结果显示(图5):所有井LSI均大于0,存在碳酸盐结垢可能。RSI呈现明显的井间差异与温度效应。Y3-26-20、Y6-2-20及Y1-58-24井在20 ℃时属轻微结垢(RSI分别为6.08、6.18、6.48),随着温度升高,Y3-26-20井与Y6-2-20井进入显著结垢区间(40 ℃ RSI=5.58);Y1-58-24井虽仍处于轻微至显著结垢过渡带(40 ℃ RSI=5.98),但趋势明显增强。其余各井在各温度段RSI均小于6,属于明显至严重结垢状态。其中Y3-P4井和Y21-TP13井RSI极低(20 ℃分别为3.52、3.26),处于严重结垢区间,与其极高的Ca2+质量浓度(>8 000 mg/L)相关。Y1-10-12井水化学特征独特,SO42 -质量浓度达1 494 mg/L,水体呈弱碱性且富Fe2+;其RSI随温度升高由明显结垢逐步演变为严重结垢,不仅碳酸钙结垢倾向加剧,菱铁矿等含铁矿物的沉淀风险也显著增大。Y1-52-16井RSI介于4.58~5.10,同样具有显著的碳酸盐结垢趋势。
常用除垢酸包括HCl、HF、氨基磺酸及低分子有机酸。HCl溶解碳酸盐垢效率高,但腐蚀性强;HF可溶解硅质垢,但因其剧毒、腐蚀性极强,一般不作为常规除垢药剂[18]。氨基磺酸腐蚀性相对偏低,但存在高温条件下易水解、应用成本偏高的局限。有机酸中,柠檬酸、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)可通过螯合作用溶解铁垢,腐蚀程度低但药剂成本较高;甲酸、乙酸理化性能稳定,多用于80 ℃以上高温井除垢施工[19-20]。
根据垢样分析结果(西部垢样以方解石为主,东部为含铁矿物与黏土矿物组成的复合垢),实验优选HCl开展酸溶测试。称取约0.5 g垢样,过200目标准筛后置于25 mL洁净试管中,分别加入10 mL质量分数为1%、3%、6%、9%、12%的HCl溶液,置于40 ℃恒温水浴中恒温反应40 min;每组设置3组平行实验,取平均值计算溶垢率(图6)。
结果显示(图6a):HCl的质量分数对溶垢效率呈非线性影响。1%~3%低质量分数区间,溶垢率从30.0%跃升至77.7%;质量分数为6%时达临界效率点,西部垢样溶垢率均突破85.0%,东部因含硅酸盐矿物和非晶态物质略低于西部,平均溶垢率为80.6%;9%~12%高质量分数区间出现边际效益递减特征(增幅小于3%),部分样品甚至因次生沉淀导致溶垢率下降(如Y1-10-12井3号样品在HCl质量分数12%条件下溶垢率降至72.5%)。根据酸溶特征,样品可分为高效响应型和抑制效应型:前者以Y3-P4井4号样品为代表,方解石含量高,HCl溶蚀效果好,在HCl质量分数9%条件下溶垢率达到峰值93.9%;后者以Y1-10-12井3号样品为代表,其含菱铁矿、黄铁矿及黏土矿物,酸溶速率相对偏低。综合经济性与效率,将质量分数6% HCl溶液确定为最优酸化体系,该条件下所有样品溶垢率均超78%,但对于含硅酸盐和非晶态物质的复合垢样品,建议复配质量分数0.5%~1.0% HF以强化硅酸盐溶解效果。
HCl溶垢效率高但腐蚀危害性强,同时Cl-易引发不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂;溶解硫化亚铁(FeS)垢的过程中,还会释放剧毒硫化氢(H2S)气体。为规避上述缺陷,可选用腐蚀特性更为温和的氨基磺酸作为替代药剂。实验优选LAN-826型复合除垢剂,该药剂由氨基磺酸与有机膦酸复配而成,氨基磺酸可高效溶蚀碳酸盐垢,既能避免氯脆损伤、又可显著降低腐蚀速率;有机膦酸通过螯合作用与晶格畸变效应抑制垢物再次沉积,进一步提升整体除垢效率,该复合溶垢体系兼具使用安全性与环境友好性。
将氨基磺酸复合体系按0.5∶10、1∶10和1.5∶10(除垢剂体积∶水体积)3种配比开展溶垢测试,结果表明溶垢率随药剂配比增大呈显著上升趋势(图6b):除垢剂与水的体积比由0.5∶10提高至1.5∶10时,平均溶垢率提升44.3个百分点。相较于HCl体系,氨基磺酸复合体系溶垢率略低,但仍可有效溶蚀大部分碳酸盐矿物。其中Y1-10-12井3号垢样溶垢率最低,表明该复合体系对含硅酸盐及非晶态物质的复合垢溶解能力有限,此类复杂垢样建议优先采用HCl与HF复配体系。综合溶垢效果与经济成本,确定除垢剂与水的体积比1∶10为最优配比,其平均溶垢率可达79.7%,所有测试样品溶垢率均超过76%,可同时满足现场清洗效率与工程经济性要求。
除垢效率之外,酸液腐蚀性能是除垢工艺方案优选的关键制约因素。为定量评价药剂腐蚀风险,依据中华人民共和国石油天然气行业标准《酸化用缓蚀剂性能试验方法及评价指标》(SY/T 5405—2019),采用N80标准钢片,在地层模拟温度40 ℃条件下,开展4 h静态挂片失重腐蚀实验,对比质量分数6% HCl与氨基磺酸复合体系(除垢剂与水的体积比为1∶10)的腐蚀差异(图7)。每组设置3组平行重复试验,保障测试数据可靠性。实验结果如表4所示,两种药剂体系腐蚀速率差异显著:质量分数6% HCl平均腐蚀速率达23.97 g/(m²·h),属于强腐蚀体系,现场应用需配套专用缓蚀剂,并重点关注井筒管柱损伤风险与后期作业治理成本;氨基磺酸复合体系(1∶10)平均腐蚀速率仅为2.33 g/(m²·h),腐蚀程度显著降低,符合温和酸液应用要求。这表明该复合体系在具备良好溶垢性能的同时,可明显减弱对井筒金属材质的腐蚀侵害,能够为防腐标准高、管柱完整性要求严苛及存在硫化氢释放隐患的井况,提供更安全可靠的化学除垢技术方案。
基于室内溶垢实验结果,建立适配延川南煤层气田的差异化除垢技术方案(表5)。西部井区以碳酸盐垢为主,优选质量分数6% HCl体系实施除垢,平均溶垢率可达86.8%,但该体系腐蚀性较强,现场应用需配套添加缓蚀剂以降低管柱腐蚀风险。对于防腐、环保要求较高的井况,可选用除垢剂与水的体积比为1∶10的氨基磺酸复合体系,其平均溶垢率为79.7%,药剂成本相对偏高,约为HCl体系的3~5倍[11]。东部井区以含铁复合垢为主,HCl体系可有效溶蚀菱铁矿等碳酸盐垢组分;当垢样中黏土等硅酸盐矿物含量较高时,需复配HF协同除垢,但该复合方案存在成本高、毒性强的弊端,现场作业需落实严格的安全防护措施[18]。
西部Y3-26-20井垢样以方解石为主,其矿物相对质量分数达91.6%。为规避6% HCl体系存在的强腐蚀风险,现场采用配比1∶10的氨基磺酸复合体系开展周期性除垢维护。应用后井筒免修期延长至7个月以上,单井节约治理费用约6.2万元(图8a、图8b)。东部Y1-10-12井垢样方解石占比68.4%,伴生菱铁矿、黄铁矿,为典型含铁复合垢。尽管HF对黏土等硅酸盐矿物溶蚀效果更优,但受限于其高毒性、强腐蚀特性及现场环保管控要求,该井现场同样采用1∶10氨基磺酸复合体系除垢,在有效恢复井筒产能的同时,单井节约治理费用5.8万元,实现了低风险、可控化结垢治理(图8c、图8d)。两口井现场应用案例表明,氨基磺酸复合体系对研究区东西部井区垢体均具备可靠的除垢效果与经济效益,而不同井区的垢质组分差异(东部富含铁矿物)及施工风险条件(西部高腐蚀风险),是现场除垢方案差异化微调的核心依据。
综上,现场除垢治理策略可总结为“常规维护为主,强化清洗为辅”。氨基磺酸复合体系(除垢剂与水的体积比为1∶10)凭借良好的普适性、安全稳定性与经济适用性,可作为全气田井筒周期性除垢维护的首选药剂体系。在此基础上,需建立结垢动态监测与差异化治理机制:针对西部碳酸盐垢严重井况,可阶段性采用复配缓蚀剂的HCl体系实施强化清洗;针对东部菱铁矿、黄铁矿及黏土矿物富集的复合垢井、产能受结垢严重影响的井况,可在落实严格安全防护措施的前提下,采用HF复配体系开展强化除垢。该分层治理策略统筹兼顾了现场施工的安全性、除垢有效性与工程经济性,适配研究区东西部差异化结垢特征。
1)延川南煤层气田井下管柱结垢具有显著东西分异特征。矿物组分分析表明:西部垢物以方解石为主,平均占比达95.7%,属于典型碳酸盐垢;东部垢样方解石平均占比68.6%,与菱铁矿、黄铁矿及黏土矿物伴生,属复合垢。结垢分异受水文地质条件与井筒环境耦合控制:西部高压封闭滞留区发育高矿化度CaCl₂型水,富集Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺,排采过程中温压条件降低,促使碳酸盐矿物快速析出结垢;东部处于弱碱性、富含SO42 -的厌氧环境,主导菱铁矿化学沉淀,并在硫酸盐还原菌作用下诱发黄铁矿沉积,逐步形成复合垢。
2)地球化学特征阐明了控制结垢演化的关键水化学参数。西部水体Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺质量浓度较高,离子水解叠加较高CO₂分压,使水体呈弱酸性,兼具碳酸盐结垢与管柱腐蚀双重风险;东部以碳酸缓冲体系为主,系统相对开放,水体整体呈弱碱性。结垢趋势预测结果表明:除Y3-26-20、Y6-2-20、Y1-58-24井低温条件下为轻微结垢外,其余各井均处于明显至严重结垢等级。西部除Y6-2-20井外,水体Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺质量浓度整体偏高(Y21-TP13井Ca²⁺质量浓度达17 964 mg/L,Mg²⁺质量浓度达2 854 mg/L),预示极强碳酸盐结垢趋势;东部SO42 -质量浓度偏高(Y1-10-12井达1 494 mg/L),叠加弱碱性环境与充足Fe²⁺物源,为菱铁矿沉淀及SRB介导的黄铁矿生成提供了物质基础。
3)室内溶垢实验结合现场应用效果,确立了东西部分区差异化除垢治理的方案。质量分数6% HCl溶垢效果最优,溶垢率介于78.8%~93.0%,但腐蚀风险性偏高;氨基磺酸复合体系(除垢剂与水的体积比1∶10配比)溶垢率为76.3%~81.9%,同时腐蚀程度显著更低。据此提出分区弹性治理策略:以氨基磺酸复合体系作为全气田井筒周期性维护首选药剂;西部碳酸盐结垢严重的井,可采用复配缓蚀剂的质量分数6% HCl体系开展强化清洗;东部复合垢井若常规维护失效、硅酸盐矿物占比偏高时,可在严格安全防护前提下复配HF进行强化除垢。

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2026年第16卷第5期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.20250021
  • 接收时间:2026-03-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-09-26
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  • 收稿日期:2026-03-17
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    1 中国石化深层煤层气勘探开发重点实验室,江苏   南京 210019
    2 中国石化华东油气分公司勘探开发研究院,江苏   扬州 225007
    3 中国石化(山西)煤层气有限公司,山西   临汾 041099
    4 中国石化华东油气分公司石油工程技术研究院,江苏   南京 210004
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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