Article(id=1322957451473060722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322957283147252214, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024614, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751558400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-04, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793347235791, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1774454400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793347235791, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793347235791, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793347235791, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322957283147252214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='2', pageStart='225', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774454400000', pubDateStr='2026-03-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793347195659, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793348987089, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322964796999611071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322957283147252214, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322964796999611072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322957283147252214, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=479, endPage=488, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322957451783439219, articleId=1322957451473060722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Research on key technologies and applications of intelligent gas reservoir digital twin system driven by big data, columnId=1322942861007791003, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Comprehensive Research, runingTitle=null, highlight=

Traditional oil and gas reservoir research methods usually rely on the division of labor and collaboration among different specialized disciplines, with research and development conducted in a relay-style approach. However, this model faces challenges in achieving efficient collaboration across different stages and has limitations in optimizing overall benefits. To address this issue, an intelligent gas reservoir digital twin system was proposed, integrating four core technologies: artificial intelligence algorithm adaptation, data preprocessing, data analysis applications, and automatic model updating and prediction, aiming to construct a comprehensive platform that integrates multidisciplinary collaboration, efficient data utilization, and dynamic optimization and prediction. The results showed that, in response to the multidimensional, heterogeneous, and high-noise characteristics of data during the exploration and development process, the system ensured data accuracy and reliability through an integrated data preprocessing scheme incorporating outlier handling, missing value imputation, data transformation, statistical analysis, and quality assessment. By encapsulating artificial intelligence algorithms such as random forest and gradient boosting, the system was able to construct the optimal regression model between multiple parameters and gas reservoir productivity, focusing on three key problems—production analysis, fracturing analysis, and “sweet spot” prediction—thereby improving production prediction accuracy, optimizing fracturing operation parameters, and effectively identifying “sweet spot” areas. In addition, the system adopted an automatic modeling engine to dynamically update the structural, phase, and attribute models of the gas reservoir, and combined it with a simulator engine for real-time simulation, tracking, and prediction, thereby ensuring model adaptability and accuracy throughout the gas reservoir development process. By leveraging digital twin technology, the system constructed a virtual model consistent with the physical gas reservoir in virtual space, enabling analysis, prediction, and optimized management throughout the entire lifecycle of the gas reservoir. The research results provide strong theoretical support and technical assurance for promoting the development of gas reservoir management toward intelligent, refined, and efficient practices.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=YALONG SUN1, 2, HAO NIU1, 2, YONGLI ZHANG1, 2, YUXUAN CHEN1, 2, YI GU1, 2, JUNLING FANG3, SHIFAN ZHANG4, authorsList=YALONG SUN, HAO NIU, YONGLI ZHANG, YUXUAN CHEN, YI GU, JUNLING FANG, SHIFAN ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=SHIFAN ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322957453624738694, articleId=1322957451473060722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=大数据驱动下的智能气藏数字孪生系统关键技术及应用研究, columnId=1322942862974919581, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=综合研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=

传统油气藏研究方法通常依赖各专业领域的分工合作,通过接力推进的方式进行研究与开发。然而,这种模式难以实现各环节之间的高效协同,且在整体效益优化方面存在局限。为解决这一问题,研究提出了一种智能气藏数字孪生系统,融合人工智能算法适配、数据预处理、数据分析应用及模型自动更新预测四大核心技术,旨在构建一个集多学科协同、高效数据利用与动态优化预测于一体的综合平台。研究表明:针对勘探与开发过程中数据的多维度、异构性与高噪声特性,系统通过异常值处理、缺失值填补、数据变换、统计分析与质量评估于一体的数据预处理方案,保障了数据的准确性与可靠性;通过封装随机森林、梯度提升等人工智能算法,系统能够构建多参数与气藏产能之间的最佳回归模型,重点解决产量分析、压裂分析和“甜点”预测三大关键问题,从而提高产量预测精度、优化压裂施工参数,并有效识别“甜点”区域。此外,系统采用自动建模引擎,动态更新气藏的构造模型、相模型和属性模型,并结合模拟器引擎进行实时模拟、跟踪与预测,保证了模型在气藏开发过程中的适应性与准确性。系统借助数字孪生技术,在虚拟空间中构建了与气藏实体一致的虚拟模型,实现了对气藏全生命周期的分析、预测与优化管理。研究成果为推动气藏管理向智能化、精细化与高效化方向发展提供了有力的理论支撑和技术保障。

, articleAbstract=null, authors=孙亚隆1, 2, 牛浩1, 2, 张永利1, 2, 陈宇轩1, 2, 古毅1, 2, 方军龄3, 张仕帆4, authorsList=孙亚隆, 牛浩, 张永利, 陈宇轩, 古毅, 方军龄, 张仕帆, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=张仕帆, authorNote=

孙亚隆(1985—),男,硕士,工程师,主要从事油气田地质勘探与开发研究工作。地址:陕西省延安市宝塔区南泥湾镇,邮政编码:716006。E-mail:

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张仕帆(1996—),男,在读博士研究生,主要从事人工智能辅助油气藏开发及提高采收率方面的研究。地址:湖北省武汉市洪山区鲁磨路388号,邮政编码:430074。E-mail:
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孙亚隆(1985—),男,硕士,工程师,主要从事油气田地质勘探与开发研究工作。地址:陕西省延安市宝塔区南泥湾镇,邮政编码:716006。E-mail:

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孙亚隆(1985—),男,硕士,工程师,主要从事油气田地质勘探与开发研究工作。地址:陕西省延安市宝塔区南泥湾镇,邮政编码:716006。E-mail:

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大数据驱动下的智能气藏数字孪生系统关键技术及应用研究
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孙亚隆 1, 2 , 牛浩 1, 2 , 张永利 1, 2 , 陈宇轩 1, 2 , 古毅 1, 2 , 方军龄 3 , 张仕帆 4
油气藏评价与开发 | 综合研究 2026,16(2): 479-488
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油气藏评价与开发 |综合研究 2026 , 16 (2) : 479 -488
大数据驱动下的智能气藏数字孪生系统关键技术及应用研究
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2 延安市天然气勘探开发工程技术研究中心,陕西   延安 716000, bio={"content":"

孙亚隆(1985—),男,硕士,工程师,主要从事油气田地质勘探与开发研究工作。地址:陕西省延安市宝塔区南泥湾镇,邮政编码:716006。E-mail:

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孙亚隆(1985—),男,硕士,工程师,主要从事油气田地质勘探与开发研究工作。地址:陕西省延安市宝塔区南泥湾镇,邮政编码:716006。E-mail:

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孙亚隆1, 2 , 牛浩1, 2, 张永利1, 2, 陈宇轩1, 2, 古毅1, 2, 方军龄3, 张仕帆4
作者信息
  • 1 陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司气田公司,陕西   延安 716000
  • 2 延安市天然气勘探开发工程技术研究中心,陕西   延安 716000
  • 3 特雷西能源科技股份有限公司,浙江   杭州 310000
  • 4 中国地质大学(武汉)未来技术学院,湖北   武汉 430074
通讯作者:
张仕帆(1996—),男,在读博士研究生,主要从事人工智能辅助油气藏开发及提高采收率方面的研究。地址:湖北省武汉市洪山区鲁磨路388号,邮政编码:430074。E-mail:
作者简介:

孙亚隆(1985—),男,硕士,工程师,主要从事油气田地质勘探与开发研究工作。地址:陕西省延安市宝塔区南泥湾镇,邮政编码:716006。E-mail:

Research on key technologies and applications of intelligent gas reservoir digital twin system driven by big data
YALONG SUN1, 2 , HAO NIU1, 2, YONGLI ZHANG1, 2, YUXUAN CHEN1, 2, YI GU1, 2, JUNLING FANG3, SHIFAN ZHANG4
Affiliations
  • 1 Gas Field Company, Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum (Group) Co., Ltd., Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000, China
  • 2 Yan’an City Natural Gas Exploration and Development Engineering Technology Research Center, Yan’an, Shaanxi 716000, China
  • 3 Tracy Energy Technologies Company Limited, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
  • 4 School of Future Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
出版时间: 2026-03-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024614
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气藏  /  勘探开发  /  人工智能  /  数字孪生  /  一体化平台
gas reservoir  /  exploration and development  /  artificial intelligence  /  digital twin  /  integrated platform
孙亚隆, 牛浩, 张永利, 陈宇轩, 古毅, 方军龄, 张仕帆. 大数据驱动下的智能气藏数字孪生系统关键技术及应用研究. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (2) : 479 -488 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024614
YALONG SUN, HAO NIU, YONGLI ZHANG, YUXUAN CHEN, YI GU, JUNLING FANG, SHIFAN ZHANG. Research on key technologies and applications of intelligent gas reservoir digital twin system driven by big data[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (2) : 479 -488 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024614
在全球能源需求日益增长的背景下,传统的油气勘探与开发面临着前所未有的挑战,如何高效、精准地评估气藏的地质条件与生产潜力,成为油气行业亟待解决的难题[1]。气藏的动态特征、地质条件不确定性以及工程技术的不断发展,使得传统的单一物理模型和经验公式无法完全适用现代油气开发的需求[2]。随着大数据、人工智能以及数字孪生等技术的迅速发展,新兴技术为气藏的数字化管理、智能化优化提供了前所未有的机遇[3-4]。数字孪生作为一种虚拟与现实系统双向映射的技术,通过实时反映物理对象或系统的状态,能够为油气勘探开发提供精确的实时预测和决策支持[5-6]。
近年来,数字孪生技术在石油天然气行业的应用逐渐得到重视,并取得了一定的研究进展[7-8]。许多研究聚焦于建立油气藏的虚拟模型,通过实时采集并处理勘探开发过程中的各类数据,实现对油气藏动态行为的实时监测与优化调度[9-10]。在这一过程中,人工智能,尤其是支持向量机、随机森林、梯度提升回归等机器学习算法[11-12],在气藏建模[13-14]、产能预测[15-17]、压裂效果评估[18-22]等方面得到了广泛应用。尽管数字孪生技术在油气行业中展现出巨大的应用潜力,但在实际实施过程中仍面临诸多挑战。首先,数据质量和多样性是构建高效智能气藏数字孪生系统的核心。油气勘探开发数据涵盖了大量地质、工程、施工等多维度信息,因此,在确保数据质量的基础上,进行有效的数据清洗、预处理和特征提取,显得尤为重要[23-25]。其次,利用人工智能算法精确挖掘不同参数与产能之间的内在关系,提升机器学习模型的预测能力,仍然是当前亟待解决的关键问题[26-28]。此外,气藏模型的复杂性和不确定性使得数字孪生系统的构建和更新面临巨大困难。现有模型大多依赖于历史数据和静态参数,缺乏对实时动态数据的有效更新和反馈,导致气藏模型难以准确反映地下变化的最新情况[28-29]。
研究提出一种基于大数据驱动的智能气藏数字孪生系统,旨在通过人工智能算法适配、数据预处理、数据分析应用与模型自动更新预测四大关键技术,推动气藏开发的智能化和数字化管理。以延长气田为研究对象,通过数据预处理技术确保勘探开发一体化数据的高质量,再结合人工智能算法,构建多参数与产能的回归模型,开展产量分析、压裂分析与“甜点”预测。最后,通过自动建模引擎协同模拟器引擎开展跟踪模拟与预测分析,实现气藏构造模型、相模型和属性模型的动态更新,为气藏开发提供可靠的技术解决方案。
智能气藏数字孪生系统(后简称“系统”)采用3层架构,包括数据存储层、服务层和应用层(图1)。基于CS架构模式,构建数据中台和业务中台。利用Http协议传输数据与勘探开发区域数据湖对接,构建一体化初始模型。系统总体架构包括:数据存储层负责管理结构化和非结构化数据,提供数据实体;数据中台从存储层提取数据,向上层业务接口和应用层提供数据访问接口;业务中台为应用模块提供经过业务加工的数据,并提供业务数据访问存取接口;客户端负责数据加载、软件功能界面和可视化展示。
结构化数据存储采用PostgreSQL数据库,非结构化数据则通过OSS数据服务进行存储。服务层基于开源技术框架,采用.Net Core微服务架构实现数据中台、业务中台和算法服务接口。通过Redis提供高效的网络缓存,利用RabbitMQ实现消息通信及作业队列管理。
系统功能架构分为3层,包括数据层、业务层和界面层。数据层负责存储和管理数据,业务层负责业务逻辑计算和算法支持,界面层负责数据可视化和用户交互。
平台的业务模块以服务形式为主,服务逻辑单元基于Docker容器化,并在Kubernetes(K8s)环境下运行。通过容器化和集群自动化部署,容器可水平扩展计算,利用集群中集群机器的优势,分散计算负载,提升并发算例的处理能力,快速获取研究结果。容器化部署增强了业务服务模块的可靠性和复用性。
系统涵盖四大关键技术,分别为人工智能算法适配技术、数据分析技术、模型自动更新预测技术和数据可视化技术(图2)。
系统封装并适配了Scikit-learn中的线性回归、Lasso回归、二次回归、二次Lasso回归、随机森林回归和梯度提升回归等二十多种机器学习算法,功能涵盖分类、回归、聚类、降维、模型选择和数据预处理,支持高精度建模、隐性相关性挖掘、仿真加速和优化决策等应用,为复杂场景下的智能分析提供了强有力的算法支撑。
数据预处理旨在提升数据质量、消除噪声和异常,从而优化模型的稳定性和预测精度。针对勘探开发数据的多维度、异构性及高噪声特性,提出了一体化的数据处理方案,涵盖异常值处理、缺失值填补、数据变换、数据统计分析和质量评估。
1)异常值处理
通过统计分析计算最大值、最小值、四分位数(L、U)及四分位间距(QIQR = U-L)以识别潜在异常值,合理范围定义为[L-1.5QIQR,U+1.5QIQR]。异常值的处理方法包括剔除、均值或中位数替代、边界值替代(如将小于下界值的数据替换为下界值)或忽略,具体方法依赖于数据的物理意义与实际分析需求。
2)缺失值填补
通过单变量插补或多变量插补实现。单变量插补提供4种替代方式:均值、中位数、频率最高值和指定常数值。多变量插补则通过迭代方式使用回归器预测缺失值,每轮根据已知数据拟合模型并更新缺失值,直至达到预设的迭代次数。在R语言中,有许多成熟的估算包,如Amelia、mi、mice和missForest。其中,missForest是一种流行的算法,采用随机森林等回归方法进行迭代插补,还可以使用贝叶斯岭回归、决策树回归或K近邻回归等方法。
3)数据变换
数据标准化通过StandardScaler去均值并按标准差缩放数据,适用于特征间量纲差异大的情况。数据归一化使用MinMaxScaler或MaxAbsScaler将数据缩放至特定范围,如0~1或-1~1,平衡特征影响,适用于特征范围差异大或包含稀疏矩阵的情况。对于含有异常值的数据,RobustScaler通过中位数和四分位数进行缩放,减少异常值影响。核矩阵中心化通过对核矩阵去均值来改善核方法的效果,适用于支持向量机等模型。此外,非线性转换通过分位数转换将数据映射为均匀分布或高斯分布,或通过幂函数转换调整偏态,使数据更接近正态分布,提高模型稳定性和预测精度。
4)数据统计分析
回归分析用于揭示变量间的定量关系;方差分析通过将总变异分解为因子效应和随机误差,以评估影响目标变量的关键因素;判别分析利用统计模型进行分类任务,例如分类样本或判定类别归属;聚类分析通过系统聚类法建立分层分类结构;主成分分析和因子分析作为常用降维工具,分别用于提取主要特征和再现变量间的相关关系,从而简化数据结构。
5)数据质量评估
在完整性方面,通过统计缺失值和异常值比例,确保数据缺失率低于设定阈值;在一致性方面,检查地质与工程数据之间的逻辑关系,如压裂顺序与产能变化是否匹配;在准确性方面,结合历史数据与领域知识交叉验证,并用数字孪生模拟验证处理结果的合理性与可靠性。通过这些方法,确保数据在不同环节的质量控制和有效性。
围绕产量分析、压裂分析和“甜点”预测3个核心问题[30],构建了全面的分析框架。通过综合考虑地质、工程、岩石力学及压裂施工等多种参数,并引入多种机器学习算法进行性能对比,为模型选择和应用提供了科学依据。
在产量分析方面,采用单因素与多因素相结合的方法展开系统性分析。在单因素分析中,通过定量评估特征量之间的相关性及与产量的线性关系,揭示其独立贡献。在多因素分析中,选择合适的机器学习算法,对影响产能的因素进行综合分析,确定关键影响因素并进行产能预测。
在压裂分析方面,结合储层特征、油藏性质和动态产量数据,选择合适的机器学习模型评估压裂参数对产能的影响。为提升压裂效果,进一步引入粒子群优化、遗传算法和差分进化算法等智能优化方法,优化压裂施工参数。优化算法的选择应考虑全局搜索能力、收敛速度以及对复杂优化问题的适应性。通过将这些优化算法与机器学习模型相结合,形成“预测—优化”闭环,有效提升压裂设计的科学性与效率,缩短参数优化的时间成本。
在“甜点”预测方面,针对储层物性参数如孔隙度、渗透率、含油饱和度等对压后产能的显著影响,重点开展高产潜力区域的识别工作(图3)。通过合适的机器学习算法对高产与低产储层进行分类建模。随后,将训练完成的分类模型应用于整个地质模型,对区域内的地质参数进行分类预测,生成全区范围内的“甜点”分布图。预测结果直观展示了高产潜力区域,为压裂选井和新井部署提供了科学依据与数据支持[31-32]。
在云化地质建模数据库基础上,整合钻井、测井、地震、生产及压裂等多源数据,并结合云化地质建模算法,构建油气藏的构造模型、相模型、属性模型、压裂模型及数值模拟模型。这些模型是模型更新、模拟跟踪的基础,因此建立准确且可迭代更新的基础模型尤为重要。
模型构建的工作流设计如图4所示,地质模型、压裂模型和数值模拟模型为3个主要模块。通过云化建模算法或依托Petrel软件,完成构造模型的建立,包括断层建模、层位建模及地质网格剖分,并在此基础上进行相建模与属性建模,从而实现完整的地质模型构建。压裂模型模块通过云化岩石力学建模算法,结合岩石力学参数进行天然裂缝建模,并利用固体力学裂缝扩展算法计算裂缝的扩展过程,从而完成压裂模型的构建。结合地质模型、压裂模型与动态生产数据,应用云化数值模拟算法,构建数值模拟模型控制库、岩石属性库、流体属性库及井生产动态库,模拟储层流体运移及井动态生产,实现油气藏的数值模拟。
地质工程一体化注重地学研究与工程实践的深度融合,特别是在开发初期,针对地质模型的不确定性,结合工程动态与新增数据开展质量控制与模型更新,实现“实时建模”。通过整合钻井录井、二次测井、老井生产及动态监测数据,持续更新模型,为井位部署、钻井工程、地质导向、压裂设计及生产后评价等工作提供支持,有效推动地质建模从一维向三维、从定性向定量、从局部向整体的系统化演进,促进油气田高效开发。
基于一体化模型数据,构建以随钻测井驱动、生产数据驱动及泵注程序驱动为核心的迭代更新工作流程(图5)。在该工作流中,针对构造建模、相建模、属性建模、岩石力学建模以及数值模拟等关键节点,通过专业软件和云化服务平台实现模型的实时更新。同时,相关算法以微服务的形式进行集成,以确保各模块能够高效协同作业。
在地质工程一体化场景中,地质模型和压裂缝模型是最易变化的部分。通过钻井数据的持续获取,及时对地质模型进行调整。同时,由于井在生产过程中持续进行压裂作业,裂缝扩展后也应及时对压裂缝模型进行更新。此外,随着新生产历史数据的不断积累,这些数据也需要及时整合到数值模拟模型中。结合更新后的模型和数据,气藏的数值模拟可以进行动态跟踪与预测。
基于延长气田511口井的测井、压裂和生产数据,系统构建了试气产气量与地质参数及工程施工参数之间的数据分析模型。模型选取12个地质参数和9个压裂施工参数作为输入特征,采用随机森林、梯度提升等机器学习算法进行训练,训练集占比85%,并进行5次交叉验证评估模型的稳定性和鲁棒性。
产能主控因素分析结果表明(图6):地质因素如自然伽马和阵列感应M2R6在产气量预测中影响最大,反映了储层岩性和孔隙结构对气藏产能的主导作用;在工程施工参数中,每米前置液量和每米总液量对产量的影响较为显著,流体注入特性对裂缝生成和导流能力的形成具有重要作用。模型训练结果说明随机森林算法在拟合效果上表现较好,其测试集拟合系数为0.946 5,显示出其较强的捕捉地质与工程参数之间复杂非线性关系的能力。通过历史数据验证,超过半数井的预测误差小于10%,部分井的误差介于40%~60%,进一步验证了模型的预测精度与适用性。
压裂分析流程与产量分析类似,系统通过建立试气产量、地质参数和压裂施工参数之间的数据分析模型,分析压裂参数对气藏动态响应的影响。模型采用随机森林、梯度提升等机器学习算法进行训练,训练集占比85%,并进行5次交叉验证。
特征重要性分析显示,每米前置液量是影响压裂效果的关键参数,表明优化施工参数每米前置液量在提高产气量方面具有重要作用。模型训练结果表明,随机森林算法在拟合效果上表现最好,测试集拟合系数达0.870 2,模型具有较高的准确性。采用粒子群优化算法优化压裂施工参数,以每米前置液量为决策变量(优化范围介于2.98~120.00 m³/m),最大化试气产量为目标函数,得到的优化结果如图7所示。优化后511口井和559个试气层段的每米前置液量从原始的22.8 m³/m降至6.34 m³/m,总产气量从1 267.458×104 m³提升至1 529.442×104 m³,产气量提升幅度约为20.67%,优化效果显著。
基于三维地质模型的属性数据和试气数据,系统构建了试气产气量与地质模型属性之间的数据分析模型。模型以试气产气量作为目标变量,孔隙度、渗透率、含气饱和度和净毛比作为特征变量,采用随机森林、梯度提升等机器学习算法,分析地质参数与产气量之间的复杂关系。训练集占比85%,并进行5次交叉验证。
渗透率和含气饱和度在试气产气量预测中具有较大影响,特征重要性分析表明: 储层的渗流能力和含气富集程度是“甜点”分布的关键地质属性,在模型训练结果中,梯度提升算法在捕捉非线性关系方面表现较好,测试集拟合系数为0.855 6,模型具有较高的准确性。以延2-128井区、延145井区、延439井区和延873井区为例开展“甜点”属性预测,结果表明(图8):延2-128井区的“甜点”发育较为显著,延145井区次之,延439和延873井区更差。通过与2022年和2023年试气井的实际数据对比,延145井区和延873井区的预测结果与实际数据较为接近,验证了模型预测结果的有效性。
结合数据平台中井的相关数据(如井信息、轨迹、地质分层、测井曲线、储层解释成果及沉积相等)和区块地质研究成果(如构造层位、边界、平面图等),建立三维地质模型。以延439井区的马家沟组五段(马五Ⅰ—马五Ⅴ亚段)为例,系统构建了总网格数量约为1 300万的三维地质模型,涵盖储层相、孔隙度、渗透率和含水饱和度等多种模型,其中,储层相模型与孔隙度模型如图9所示。
模型更新由新井的实钻数据、测井数据及二次测井解释数据驱动,支持构造模型、相模型和属性模型的自动和手动动态更新。以延439井区为例,系统根据完井年份(2019年、2020年、2022年)分批加载更新,系统自动检测新数据,并对网格和属性进行更新,更新内容包括井数据、测井曲线、地质分层和沉积相。模型共更新3次,支持不同版本之间的误差对比,且随着井数的增加,属性精度不断提升。
在新生产数据或更新的地质模型驱动下,系统进一步实现了数值模拟模型的自动或手动更新,并提供模拟跟踪与预测功能。用户不仅可以查看单井气藏的历史与预测生产曲线,还可通过静态模型、按时间步的动态场模型(如三维模型与二维过井剖面)进行生产动态分析。以延439井区为例,手动更新了2022年3月14日至2023年8月14日的数据,预测时长为6个月,历史沿革功能可查看每次模拟结果,误差报表可查看当前模型或单井指标与实际数据之间的拟合误差。
围绕自主研发的智能气藏数字孪生系统所涉及的关键技术及应用情况展开研究,重点探讨了人工智能算法适配、数据预处理、数据分析应用与模型自动更新预测。通过对大数据驱动下的智能气藏数字孪生系统的深入研究,推动了气藏管理向智能化与精细化转型,为实际工程应用提供了有力的技术支撑,显著提升了气藏开发的效率和效益。主要研究结论如下:
1)通过封装与适配Scikit-learn中的线性回归、Lasso回归、二次回归、二次Lasso回归、随机森林回归和梯度提升回归等二十多种机器学习算法,构建了全面的算法框架,为高精度建模、隐性相关性挖掘、仿真模拟加速、优化决策分析等场景提供了有效的算法支撑。
2)针对勘探开发数据的多维度、异构性及高噪声特性,提出了一体化的数据预处理方案。通过异常值处理、缺失值填补、数据变换、数据统计分析和质量评估方法,全面提升数据质量,消除噪声与异常,确保数据的完整性、一致性与准确性,从而有效提升模型的稳定性和预测精度。
3)通过综合考虑地质、工程、岩石力学及压裂施工参数等多源数据,构建了一套数据分析应用体系。在产量分析中,结合单因素与多因素分析方法,揭示影响产能的关键因素并进行产能预测;在压裂分析中,通过优化算法与机器学习模型结合,优化压裂施工参数,提升压裂设计的科学性与效率;在“甜点”预测中,基于储层物性参数,精确识别高产潜力区域,为井位部署和压裂选井提供可靠的预测结果。
4)提出了一种气藏模型自动更新预测技术,涵盖模型构建、更新与模拟跟踪3个核心环节。在整合多源数据基础上结合云化建模算法,构建完整的地质、压裂与数值模拟模型。通过随钻测井、生产数据及泵注程序的迭代更新工作流,持续更新模型并实时跟踪气藏开发进展。

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2026年第16卷第2期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024614
  • 接收时间:2025-07-04
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-03-26
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04
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    1 陕西延长石油(集团)有限责任公司气田公司,陕西   延安 716000
    2 延安市天然气勘探开发工程技术研究中心,陕西   延安 716000
    3 特雷西能源科技股份有限公司,浙江   杭州 310000
    4 中国地质大学(武汉)未来技术学院,湖北   武汉 430074

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张仕帆(1996—),男,在读博士研究生,主要从事人工智能辅助油气藏开发及提高采收率方面的研究。地址:湖北省武汉市洪山区鲁磨路388号,邮政编码:430074。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Percentage of
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属
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种数
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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