Article(id=1322957318098399625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322957283147252214, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024572, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736092800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-06, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793347203993, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1774454400000, pubDateStr=2026-03-26, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793347203993, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793347203993, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793347203993, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322957283147252214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, year='2026', volume='16', issue='2', pageStart='225', pageEnd='488', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774454400000', pubDateStr='2026-03-26', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793347195659, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793348987089, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322964796999611071, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322957283147252214, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322964796999611072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, issueId=1322957283147252214, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=315, endPage=328, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322957318412972426, articleId=1322957318098399625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=EN, title=Characteristics and research progress of Middle-Upper Permian marine shale reservoirs in middle Yangtze region, columnId=1322941494130258079, journalTitle=Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, columnName=Oil and Gas Exploration, runingTitle=null, highlight=

The Middle-Upper Permian marine shale formations in the middle Yangtze region are an important replacement field for shale gas exploration and development in China, with great resource potential. However, their reservoir development is complex. Based on previous studies, this study systematically summarizes the reservoir characteristics and research progress of three sets of shale formations from the Middle-Upper Permian: Gufeng, Wujiaping, and Dalong Formations in the middle Yangtze region. The results show that: (1) All three sets of shale formations are characterized by high total organic carbon (TOC) contents, moderate thermal maturity, and well-developed nanopores, exhibiting favorable reservoir quality. Among them, the Gufeng Formation shale exhibits the highest TOC content, with kerogen dominated by Type I. The Wujiaping and Dalong Formations show relatively lower TOC contents, and their kerogen is mainly Type II. In terms of lithofacies, the Gufeng and Dalong Formations are dominated by siliceous shale, whereas the Wujiaping Formation exhibits complex lithofacies and significant heterogeneity due to variable depositional environments. In terms of pore structure, the Gufeng Formation shale displays a wide pore-size range, with development from the nanoscale to the microscale, whereas the Wujiaping and Dalong Formation shales are dominated by micropores and mesopores. (2) The three sets of shale reservoirs are complex, characterized by diverse lithofacies, multiple pore types, and strong multi-scale heterogeneity. (3) Overall research on the Middle-Upper Permian marine shale reservoirs in the middle Yangtze region remains relatively limited. Therefore, it is recommended to carry out quantitative reservoir characterization through integrated multi-scale analysis of outcrops, cores, and experiments, promote interdisciplinary collaboration, introduce techniques such as artificial intelligence and big data analysis, establish a comprehensive shale reservoir evaluation system tailored to the geological characteristics of this region, and conduct graded optimization and evaluation of “sweet spot” intervals and areas, thereby providing solid theoretical support and decision-making guidance for large-scale exploration and effective development of Middle-Upper Permian marine shale gas in the middle Yangtze region.

, articleAbstract=null, authors=WEILIANG KONG1, 2, WEN LIU1, 2, LEI CHEN3, ZHENXIANG YU3, TIANQUAN QU1, QIN ZHANG1, 2, SHUAICAI WU3, MIN XIONG3, GUANGYIN CAI1, WANLI GAO1, ZHEN QIU1, 2, authorsList=WEILIANG KONG, WEN LIU, LEI CHEN, ZHENXIANG YU, TIANQUAN QU, QIN ZHANG, SHUAICAI WU, MIN XIONG, GUANGYIN CAI, WANLI GAO, ZHEN QIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322957319847424406, articleId=1322957318098399625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, language=CN, title=中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩储层特征及研究进展, columnId=1322941494327390371, journalTitle=油气藏评价与开发, columnName=油气勘探, runingTitle=null, highlight=

中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩层系是中国页岩气勘探开发的重要接替领域,资源潜力巨大,但其储层发育具有复杂性。基于部分学者的研究成果,对中扬子地区中上二叠统孤峰组、吴家坪组和大隆组三套页岩层系的储层特征和研究进展进行了系统总结。研究结果显示:①三套页岩层系均具有高TOC(总有机碳)含量、热演化程度适中和纳米孔隙发育的特征,表现出较好的储层品质。孤峰组页岩TOC含量最高,干酪根类型以Ⅰ型为主;吴家坪组与大隆组TOC含量次之,干酪根均以Ⅱ型为主。岩相类型方面,孤峰组与大隆组以硅质页岩为主导,吴家坪组则因沉积环境多变而岩相复杂、非均质性显著。孔隙结构方面,孤峰组页岩孔隙跨度大,从纳米级至微米级均有发育;吴家坪组与大隆组页岩则以微孔和介孔为主。②三套页岩储层具有复杂性,表现为岩相类型多样、孔隙类型多样、强烈的多尺度非均质性特征。③针对中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩储层研究总体较弱,建议开展露头-岩心-实验多尺度结合的储层定量表征,推动学科交叉,引入人工智能与大数据分析技术等手段进行研究,构建适用于本区地质特点的页岩储层综合评价体系,开展“甜点”段与“甜点”区的分级优选与评价,从而为中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩气的规模性勘探和有效开发提供坚实的理论支撑与决策指导。

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孔维亮(1991—),男,博士,工程师,主要从事非常规油气沉积学与勘探评价研究。地址:北京市海淀区学院路20号,邮政编码:100083。E-mail:

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孔维亮(1991—),男,博士,工程师,主要从事非常规油气沉积学与勘探评价研究。地址:北京市海淀区学院路20号,邮政编码:100083。E-mail:

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Wuhan: China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 2019., articleTitle=Study of the organic matter shales lithofacies and reservoir characteristics of the upper Permian Dalong Formation in western Hubei, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322957320107471255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957320115859864, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, companyId=1322957320107471255, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957320124248473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, companyId=1322957320107471255, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322957320195551642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, xref=2, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957320203940251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, companyId=1322957320195551642, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 National Energy Shale Gas Research & Development (Experiment) Center, Beijing 100083, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957320216523164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, companyId=1322957320195551642, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2 国家能源页岩气研发(实验)中心,北京 100083)]), AuthorCompany(id=1322957320279437725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, xref=3, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957320287826334, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, companyId=1322957320279437725, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322957320296214943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, companyId=1322957320279437725, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=3 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川   成都 610500)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322957324448575975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Structural region and stratigraphic division of middle Yangtze region, figureFileSmall=fpRQtN2ysEIlwnaeHkkWmQ==, figureFileBig=jSJX3rDWC1gfLqN39ziLfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957324524073448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, language=CN, label=图1, caption=中扬子地区构造区域及地层划分, figureFileSmall=fpRQtN2ysEIlwnaeHkkWmQ==, figureFileBig=jSJX3rDWC1gfLqN39ziLfg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957324729594345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Ternary diagram of shale mineral components of Middle-Upper Permian Gufeng Formation, Wujiaping Formation, and Dalong Formation in middle Yangtze Region (modified from Ref. [16-38]), figureFileSmall=xj4zmIWwlWBpCP8bhn1f9g==, figureFileBig=NDuz1hlhCYaw0l/IBRiWSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957324796703210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, language=CN, label=图2, caption=中扬子地区中上二叠统孤峰组、吴家坪组和大隆组页岩矿物组分三端元图(据文献[16-38]修改)

注:S-1为硅质页岩相;S-2为混合硅质页岩相;S-3为含灰硅质页岩相;S-4为含黏土硅质页岩相;CM-1为黏土质页岩相;CM-2为混合黏土质页岩相;CM-3为含灰黏土质页岩相;CM-4为含硅黏土质页岩相;C-1为灰质页岩相;C-2为混合灰质页岩相;C-3为含硅灰质页岩相;C-4为含黏土灰质页岩相;M-1为含灰硅混合质页岩相;M-2为混合质页岩相;M-3为含黏土/灰混合质页岩相;M-4为含黏土/硅混合质页岩相;N为样品个数;红色为孤峰组主要矿物成分发育区;绿色为吴家坪组主要矿物成分发育区;紫色为大隆组主要矿物成分发育区。

, figureFileSmall=xj4zmIWwlWBpCP8bhn1f9g==, figureFileBig=NDuz1hlhCYaw0l/IBRiWSg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957324872200683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Statistical histograms and box plots of TOC and Ro for shales in Gufeng Formation, Wujiaping Formation, and Dalong Formation in middle Yangtze region (data from Refs. [21,26,36,47,51-54]), figureFileSmall=nmnlJcmXUCn0TWWRmy5CvQ==, figureFileBig=s1hhp3QrT9HfVug19gPi0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957324943503852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, language=CN, label=图3, caption=中扬子地区孤峰组、吴家坪组和大隆组页岩TOC、Ro统计直方图和箱型图(数据来自文献[21,26,36,47,51-54])

注:N为样品个数。

, figureFileSmall=nmnlJcmXUCn0TWWRmy5CvQ==, figureFileBig=s1hhp3QrT9HfVug19gPi0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957325006418413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Pore development characteristics of Middle-Upper Permian shales in middle Yangtze region, figureFileSmall=VCLX+HThdSdeTcgwIucU7Q==, figureFileBig=vvY1DCNleeg+G8yZaatDbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957325081915886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, language=CN, label=图4, caption=中扬子地区中上二叠统页岩孔隙发育特征

注:a为孤峰组,草莓状黄铁矿粒间孔;b为孤峰组,方解石矿物晶间孔;c为孤峰组,蜂窝状有机孔;d为孤峰组,微裂缝;a—d为建始地区中二叠统孤峰组页岩(据文献[53]修改);e为吴家坪组,草莓状黄铁矿晶间发育大量有机孔;f为吴家坪组,脆性矿物中发育粒内孔,孔径小、连通性差;g为吴家坪组,丝缕状、卷曲状分布的黏土矿物晶间孔;e—g为鄂西地区吴家坪组页岩(据文献[32]修改);h为吴家坪组,HY1井,3 294.05 m,海绵骨针腔体内充填的沥青发育有机孔;i为吴家坪组,HY1井,3 297.23 m,藻类体中发育大量有机孔;j为吴家坪组,HY1井,3 297.23 m,藻类体中发育大量有机孔;h—j为川东地区HY1井二叠系吴家坪组页岩(据文献[68]修改);k为大隆组,具有生物母质结构的有机质中发育的大量有机孔;l为大隆组,定向排列的黏土矿物晶间发育的孔隙;m为大隆组,草莓状黄铁矿晶间发育有机孔;n为大隆组,草莓状黄铁矿晶间发育有机孔;o为大隆组,方解石中发育的次生溶蚀孔;p为大隆组,矿物或有机质边缘缝;k—p为川东北地区大隆组页岩(据文献[70]修改)。

, figureFileSmall=VCLX+HThdSdeTcgwIucU7Q==, figureFileBig=vvY1DCNleeg+G8yZaatDbg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957325157413359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Pore structure and N2 isothermal adsorption-desorption characteristics of Middle-Upper Permian shales in middle Yangtze region, figureFileSmall=bG7ukq4l0s1h48EbsHMOzA==, figureFileBig=A2RWf4gaSnIJh43f6MtS/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957325241299440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, language=CN, label=图5, caption=中扬子地区中上二叠统页岩孔隙结构和N2等温吸附-脱附特征, figureFileSmall=bG7ukq4l0s1h48EbsHMOzA==, figureFileBig=A2RWf4gaSnIJh43f6MtS/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322957325320991217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=Kerogen types of shales in Middle-Upper Permian Gufeng Formation,Wujiaping Formation,and Dalong Formation in middle Yangtze region, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层位类型样品个数研究地区数据来源
孤峰组Ⅰ8鄂西建始文献[30]
吴家坪组Ⅱ6鄂西利川地区袁家槽剖面文献[31]
Ⅱ1-Ⅱ210鄂西利川地区袁家槽剖面文献[32]
大隆组Ⅱ1-Ⅱ217川东北文献[55]
Ⅰ11湖北鹤峰文献[56]
Ⅱ1-Ⅱ211鄂西文献[24]
Ⅱ16鄂西建始、涟源文献[22]
Ⅱ1-Ⅱ26鄂西鹤峰文献[34]
Ⅰ-Ⅱ218鄂西恩施文献[18, 57]
), ArticleFig(id=1322957325417460210, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中扬子地区中上二叠统孤峰组、吴家坪组、大隆组页岩干酪根类型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
层位类型样品个数研究地区数据来源
孤峰组Ⅰ8鄂西建始文献[30]
吴家坪组Ⅱ6鄂西利川地区袁家槽剖面文献[31]
Ⅱ1-Ⅱ210鄂西利川地区袁家槽剖面文献[32]
大隆组Ⅱ1-Ⅱ217川东北文献[55]
Ⅰ11湖北鹤峰文献[56]
Ⅱ1-Ⅱ211鄂西文献[24]
Ⅱ16鄂西建始、涟源文献[22]
Ⅱ1-Ⅱ26鄂西鹤峰文献[34]
Ⅰ-Ⅱ218鄂西恩施文献[18, 57]
), ArticleFig(id=1322957325492957683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=Pore classification schemes and developmental characteristics of Middle-Upper Permian marine shales in middle Yangtze region, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
研究对象研究地区划分依据储集空间类型储集空间特征来源
孤峰组页岩

鄂西建始罗家坝;

恩施田凤坪

页岩组分、孔隙成因基于页岩组分(黏土、有机质、矿物、化石和碎屑)划分5大类、9小类孔隙:絮凝作用孔隙,有机质化石孔、有机质碎片沥青孔、黄铁矿粒间孔、矿物颗粒晶间孔、微型通道、微裂缝、钙质化石孔、碎屑与围岩孔炭质页岩中的有机质孔隙的孔隙连通性较好,硅质页岩和泥质页岩多发育矿物质孔隙、有机质孔隙文献[53,71,75]

孤峰组页岩

大隆组页岩

恩施天桥

恩施甘溪

孔隙发育位置粒间孔隙、粒内孔隙、有机质孔有机质整体含量高,孔隙连通性好。孤峰组有机质微气孔大小介于1~5 μm,微裂缝长度介于10~20 μm不等。大隆组有机质微气孔大小介于0.1~5.0 μm,微裂缝变化大,部分大于2 mm文献[24]
吴家坪组页岩川东红星孔隙发育位置、孔隙与矿物基质赋存关系有机质孔、无机孔(晶间孔、粒内孔)、微裂缝有机质孔为主要类型,孔径大小以微孔和介孔为主,无机孔和微裂缝发育极少文献[63,66,68-69]
吴家坪组页岩鄂西利川页岩组分、孔隙与矿物基质赋存关系有机孔、矿物孔(晶间孔、矿物颗粒边缘孔、黏土矿物层间孔)、粒内孔、微裂缝有机质孔最为发育,其次是粒间孔,粒内孔最不发育文献[31]

孤峰组页岩

吴家坪组页岩

大隆组页岩

鄂西建始孔隙成因有机质孔、无机孔(矿物溶蚀孔、矿物粒间孔、黄铁矿晶间孔、黄铁矿粒内孔)页岩储集空间有机质较发育,矿物主要呈片状、颗粒状分布,孔隙发育程度较低,孔隙间连通性较差文献[27,74]
大隆组页岩川北南江地区乐坝1井孔隙发育位置、孔隙与矿物基质赋存关系有机质孔、无机孔、微裂缝以有机质孔为主,主要孔径大小介于0~10 nm,微孔占比高,平均达41.45%,介孔占53.68%文献[65,67]
大隆组页岩鄂西—渝东孔隙与矿物基质赋存关系孔隙(有机质孔、矿物颗粒间孔、粒间溶蚀孔、粒内溶蚀孔)、裂缝(矿物层间缝、有机质与矿物间缝、有机质内裂缝)以有机质孔为主,孔径分布呈现“四峰”特征,孔体积主要集中介于1~10 nm和500~5 000 nm文献[72]
大隆组页岩川东北孔隙成因、孔隙与矿物基质赋存关系有机孔、无机孔(粒间孔、黏土矿物孔、次生溶蚀孔)、微裂缝优势孔径分布介于0.4~1.0 nm和4~20 nm内;整体以微孔和介孔为主,体积占比介于80%~98%文献[70]
大隆组页岩湘中涟源凹陷孔隙发育位置、孔隙与矿物基质赋存关系粒间孔(矿物颗粒间孔隙、黏土矿物与矿物颗粒间孔隙)、粒内孔(黏土矿物层间孔、粒内溶蚀孔)、有机孔和微纳米缝(构造缝、成岩缝)有机孔形态多为不规则状,孔径较小,主要分布在小于100 nm范围,无机孔主要可见较多的碳酸盐岩矿物内的粒内溶蚀孔文献[36]
大隆组页岩湖北鹤峰孔隙产状、结构类型、成因有机质孔(化石体腔孔、有机质生烃孔)、粒间孔(粒间骨架孔、晶间孔隙、凝絮成因孔、刚性颗粒边缘溶孔)、粒内孔(集合体中的晶间孔隙、黏土矿物层间孔隙、粒内溶蚀孔)、裂缝(构造缝、微裂缝)有机质孔和矿物基质孔中的微孔和介孔是页岩比表面积的主要贡献者文献[56]
大隆组页岩鄂西恩地1井孔隙成因、孔隙与矿物基质赋存关系粒内孔隙、有机质孔隙、粒间孔隙及微裂缝以有机孔为主,主要发育墨水瓶型和平行板状形,孔径大多小于10 nm文献[8]
大隆组页岩恩施来凤—鹤峰孔隙发育位置有机质中的孔隙、矿物颗粒中的孔隙、矿物颗粒和有机物之间的孔隙以及微裂缝有机质孔在有机质中较密集发育文献[33]
大隆组页岩川北广元孔隙成因、孔隙与矿物基质赋存关系有机孔隙,粒间孔,粒内孔,微裂缝微孔和细介孔(小于10 nm)是表面积的主要贡献者,宏孔(大于50 nm)是孔隙体积的主要贡献者文献[41]
), ArticleFig(id=1322957325581038068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1322258508890079423, articleId=1322957318098399625, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩孔隙划分方案及发育特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
研究对象研究地区划分依据储集空间类型储集空间特征来源
孤峰组页岩

鄂西建始罗家坝;

恩施田凤坪

页岩组分、孔隙成因基于页岩组分(黏土、有机质、矿物、化石和碎屑)划分5大类、9小类孔隙:絮凝作用孔隙,有机质化石孔、有机质碎片沥青孔、黄铁矿粒间孔、矿物颗粒晶间孔、微型通道、微裂缝、钙质化石孔、碎屑与围岩孔炭质页岩中的有机质孔隙的孔隙连通性较好,硅质页岩和泥质页岩多发育矿物质孔隙、有机质孔隙文献[53,71,75]

孤峰组页岩

大隆组页岩

恩施天桥

恩施甘溪

孔隙发育位置粒间孔隙、粒内孔隙、有机质孔有机质整体含量高,孔隙连通性好。孤峰组有机质微气孔大小介于1~5 μm,微裂缝长度介于10~20 μm不等。大隆组有机质微气孔大小介于0.1~5.0 μm,微裂缝变化大,部分大于2 mm文献[24]
吴家坪组页岩川东红星孔隙发育位置、孔隙与矿物基质赋存关系有机质孔、无机孔(晶间孔、粒内孔)、微裂缝有机质孔为主要类型,孔径大小以微孔和介孔为主,无机孔和微裂缝发育极少文献[63,66,68-69]
吴家坪组页岩鄂西利川页岩组分、孔隙与矿物基质赋存关系有机孔、矿物孔(晶间孔、矿物颗粒边缘孔、黏土矿物层间孔)、粒内孔、微裂缝有机质孔最为发育,其次是粒间孔,粒内孔最不发育文献[31]

孤峰组页岩

吴家坪组页岩

大隆组页岩

鄂西建始孔隙成因有机质孔、无机孔(矿物溶蚀孔、矿物粒间孔、黄铁矿晶间孔、黄铁矿粒内孔)页岩储集空间有机质较发育,矿物主要呈片状、颗粒状分布,孔隙发育程度较低,孔隙间连通性较差文献[27,74]
大隆组页岩川北南江地区乐坝1井孔隙发育位置、孔隙与矿物基质赋存关系有机质孔、无机孔、微裂缝以有机质孔为主,主要孔径大小介于0~10 nm,微孔占比高,平均达41.45%,介孔占53.68%文献[65,67]
大隆组页岩鄂西—渝东孔隙与矿物基质赋存关系孔隙(有机质孔、矿物颗粒间孔、粒间溶蚀孔、粒内溶蚀孔)、裂缝(矿物层间缝、有机质与矿物间缝、有机质内裂缝)以有机质孔为主,孔径分布呈现“四峰”特征,孔体积主要集中介于1~10 nm和500~5 000 nm文献[72]
大隆组页岩川东北孔隙成因、孔隙与矿物基质赋存关系有机孔、无机孔(粒间孔、黏土矿物孔、次生溶蚀孔)、微裂缝优势孔径分布介于0.4~1.0 nm和4~20 nm内;整体以微孔和介孔为主,体积占比介于80%~98%文献[70]
大隆组页岩湘中涟源凹陷孔隙发育位置、孔隙与矿物基质赋存关系粒间孔(矿物颗粒间孔隙、黏土矿物与矿物颗粒间孔隙)、粒内孔(黏土矿物层间孔、粒内溶蚀孔)、有机孔和微纳米缝(构造缝、成岩缝)有机孔形态多为不规则状,孔径较小,主要分布在小于100 nm范围,无机孔主要可见较多的碳酸盐岩矿物内的粒内溶蚀孔文献[36]
大隆组页岩湖北鹤峰孔隙产状、结构类型、成因有机质孔(化石体腔孔、有机质生烃孔)、粒间孔(粒间骨架孔、晶间孔隙、凝絮成因孔、刚性颗粒边缘溶孔)、粒内孔(集合体中的晶间孔隙、黏土矿物层间孔隙、粒内溶蚀孔)、裂缝(构造缝、微裂缝)有机质孔和矿物基质孔中的微孔和介孔是页岩比表面积的主要贡献者文献[56]
大隆组页岩鄂西恩地1井孔隙成因、孔隙与矿物基质赋存关系粒内孔隙、有机质孔隙、粒间孔隙及微裂缝以有机孔为主,主要发育墨水瓶型和平行板状形,孔径大多小于10 nm文献[8]
大隆组页岩恩施来凤—鹤峰孔隙发育位置有机质中的孔隙、矿物颗粒中的孔隙、矿物颗粒和有机物之间的孔隙以及微裂缝有机质孔在有机质中较密集发育文献[33]
大隆组页岩川北广元孔隙成因、孔隙与矿物基质赋存关系有机孔隙,粒间孔,粒内孔,微裂缝微孔和细介孔(小于10 nm)是表面积的主要贡献者,宏孔(大于50 nm)是孔隙体积的主要贡献者文献[41]
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中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩储层特征及研究进展
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孔维亮 1, 2 , 刘雯 1, 2 , 陈雷 3 , 于朕翔 3 , 曲天泉 1 , 张琴 1, 2 , 吴帅材 3 , 熊敏 3 , 蔡光银 1 , 高万里 1 , 邱振 1, 2
油气藏评价与开发 | 油气勘探 2026,16(2): 315-328
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油气藏评价与开发 |油气勘探 2026 , 16 (2) : 315 -328
中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩储层特征及研究进展
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孔维亮(1991—),男,博士,工程师,主要从事非常规油气沉积学与勘探评价研究。地址:北京市海淀区学院路20号,邮政编码:100083。E-mail:

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孔维亮1, 2 , 刘雯1, 2, 陈雷3, 于朕翔3, 曲天泉1, 张琴1, 2, 吴帅材3, 熊敏3, 蔡光银1, 高万里1, 邱振1, 2
作者信息
  • 1 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
  • 2 国家能源页岩气研发(实验)中心,北京 100083
  • 3 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川   成都 610500
作者简介:

孔维亮(1991—),男,博士,工程师,主要从事非常规油气沉积学与勘探评价研究。地址:北京市海淀区学院路20号,邮政编码:100083。E-mail:

Characteristics and research progress of Middle-Upper Permian marine shale reservoirs in middle Yangtze region
WEILIANG KONG1, 2 , WEN LIU1, 2, LEI CHEN3, ZHENXIANG YU3, TIANQUAN QU1, QIN ZHANG1, 2, SHUAICAI WU3, MIN XIONG3, GUANGYIN CAI1, WANLI GAO1, ZHEN QIU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1 PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China
  • 2 National Energy Shale Gas Research & Development (Experiment) Center, Beijing 100083, China
  • 3 School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
出版时间: 2026-03-26 doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024572
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页岩储层  /  孤峰组  /  吴家坪组  /  大隆组  /  中上二叠统  /  中扬子地区
shale reservoir  /  Gufeng Formation  /  Wujiaping Formation  /  Dalong Formation  /  Middle-Upper Permian  /  middle Yangtze region
孔维亮, 刘雯, 陈雷, 于朕翔, 曲天泉, 张琴, 吴帅材, 熊敏, 蔡光银, 高万里, 邱振. 中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩储层特征及研究进展. 油气藏评价与开发, 2026 , 16 (2) : 315 -328 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024572
WEILIANG KONG, WEN LIU, LEI CHEN, ZHENXIANG YU, TIANQUAN QU, QIN ZHANG, SHUAICAI WU, MIN XIONG, GUANGYIN CAI, WANLI GAO, ZHEN QIU. Characteristics and research progress of Middle-Upper Permian marine shale reservoirs in middle Yangtze region[J]. Petroleum Reservoir Evaluation and Development, 2026 , 16 (2) : 315 -328 . DOI: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024572
天然气作为一种低碳清洁能源,对中国实现碳中和目标具有重要作用,同时对能源安全发挥“保障”作用。页岩气作为一种非常规天然气,在中国具有巨大发展潜力,加大页岩气开发具有重要现实意义[1]。中国已成功在四川盆地及周缘的奥陶系五峰组—志留系龙马溪组页岩中实现了页岩气的商业开发[2],累计发现页岩气田9个,探明页岩气地质储量约3×1012 m3,页岩气产能约450×108 m3/a,产页岩气量为250×108 m3/a[3-4]。随着不同地区和不同层系页岩气的勘探突破,中国页岩气勘探逐渐进入多层系和多地区发展的新阶段[5]。
中扬子地区中上二叠统广泛发育孤峰组碳质硅质泥岩、吴家坪组黑色泥岩以及大隆组硅质泥岩3套黑色岩系,先后在巴东地区的巴页1井、五峰地区的鄂巫地2井、川东北地区的乐坝1井、恩施地区的恩地1井以及江汉油田部署的枫1井中发现良好气测显示[6-9],展现出良好的页岩气勘探前景。近年来更是先后有多口钻井在中上二叠统海相黑色页岩层系中获得了工业气流,如红星地区的风险探井红页1井(HY-1)于2020年在二叠系吴家坪组二段(埋深3 400 m)获得工业气流8.9×104 m3/d,此后在该地区相继部署钻探了HY-2、HY-3、HY-4、HY-5等井,基本确定了红星地区建南区块的页岩气资源规模超过1 000×108 m3[10]。中国石油西南油气田在川东地区部署的大页1井在二叠系吴家坪组获高产页岩气流(32.06×104 m3/d),中国石化勘探分公司部署的雷页1井在二叠系大隆组获高产页岩气流(42.66×104 m3/d),成功实现了工业气流的开采[4,9,11]。据统计,中扬子地区龙门潜伏构造的吴家坪组、宣汉—达县地区的大隆组以及红星地区的吴家坪组—孤峰组的页岩气总资源量达11.96×1012 m3[4],显示出中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩气的巨大前景。但是目前中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩气的勘探开发总体还处于起步阶段,因此,对该地区中上二叠统海相页岩层系的储层研究进展进行了系统的梳理,以便在掌握目前该地区页岩储层研究现状的同时为下一步的勘探和研究提供基础。在部分学者对中扬子地区二十余个野外剖面、十余口井研究数据和结论的基础上,对中扬子地区中上二叠统孤峰组、吴家坪组和大隆组三套海相页岩层系的储层特征和研究进展进行了系统总结。
中扬子地区北至秦岭—大别山造山带,南至绥宁—安化—长沙一线,西以华蓥山断裂为界,东至郯庐断裂[12-13](图1a)。研究区中上二叠统黑色页岩层系主要发育在瓜德鲁普统孤峰组(孤峰组),乐平统吴家坪组和大隆组(图1b),与之对应为四川盆地内部的茅口组顶部不整合面、龙潭组和长兴组[14]。研究区孤峰组与下伏茅口组或栖霞组整合接触,依据《湖北省区域地质志》,吴家坪组由下部的炭山湾段含煤岩系和上部的灰岩段组成,并与上覆大隆组平行不整合接触[14],而四川盆地内长兴组为灰岩沉积,发育生物礁灰岩,是大隆组同时异相的产物[15]。
研究基于部分学者发表的数据,对中扬子地区中上二叠统孤峰组、吴家坪组和大隆组页岩的岩石学和矿物学进行了研究,发现孤峰组、吴家坪组和大隆组页岩在岩石学和矿物学上具有显著差别。
孤峰组以硅质页岩相为主,发育少量灰质页岩相,包括硅质页岩、含灰硅质页岩、含黏土硅质页岩、少量混合硅质页岩和含硅灰质页岩;吴家坪组页岩矿物组分多样且较为分散,整个层段岩相类型多样,发育硅质页岩相、黏土质页岩相和混合页岩岩相[16-38]。进一步对数据分析,结果表明:吴家坪组底部富黏土,中部富灰质,而上部则以富含硅质为主,主要为硅质页岩和含黏土硅质页岩;大隆组页岩的硅质含量高,优势岩相为硅质页岩相,其次为混合页岩岩相和黏土质页岩相(图2)。
研究基于部分学者对沉积环境的分析[39-41],认为中扬子地区中上二叠统孤峰组、吴家坪组以及大隆组页岩岩相差异性,源于沉积环境的复杂性和动态性,特别是海平面周期性变化与岩浆活动的双重影响。孤峰组的沉积特征主要表现为深水、强还原环境,伴随岩浆活动释放大量地壳和地幔物质进入海洋[11,42-43],这一过程激发了热液循环、上升洋流及陆源物质输入的增强,从而提升了海洋生产力[44]。由于孤峰组主要为生物成因的硅质,因此,生烃力的提升又直接反映在沉积物中硅质含量的增加上,具体表现为硅质页岩岩相组合与含硅灰质页岩的广泛分布,而混合页岩相组合则相对较少。相比之下,吴家坪组受到频繁的海平面升降与强烈火山活动的影响,岩相类型多样且复杂,各类岩相在该时期均有显著发育[40,45-46]。大隆组的沉积环境转变为静谧的深海缺氧甚至硫化环境,且热液活动显著减弱,在此极端环境下,硅质生物大量发育,导致硅质沉积达到高峰,形成高硅质含量的沉积物[25,47-48],主要岩相包括硅质页岩相组合、含灰硅混合质页岩相、含黏土/灰混合页岩相和含硅黏土灰质页岩相,这些特征共同反映了该时期独特的沉积条件。
总有机碳(TOC)含量、镜质体反射率(Ro)是评估页岩气储层质量和勘探潜力的重要指标之一[49-50]。随着页岩气勘探的不断深入,大量学者基于野外露头和钻井等资料对中扬子地区孤峰组、吴家坪组和大隆组页岩的TOC含量、Ro值进行了深入研究[21,26,36,46,51-54]。为确保分析结果的准确性,对已发表的相关数据采用1.5倍四分位距(IQR)作为阈值,有效剔除潜在的异常值之后对孤峰组、吴家坪组、大隆组页岩进行分析,三套地层的页岩TOC含量总体都较高,但TOC含量变化较大(图3),其中,孤峰组页岩TOC介于0.30%~14.64%,平均为8.17%;吴家坪组页岩TOC介于0.20%~17.25%,平均为4.81%;大隆组页岩TOC介于0.10%~14.47%,平均为4.23 %(图3a)。分析结果发现这3套地层的页岩均具有较好的生烃能力:页岩TOC平均值由大到小依次为:孤峰组、吴家坪组、大隆组,垂向上展现出自下而上逐渐减小的趋势。其中,孤峰组页岩TOC含量大于4%的占比高达60%以上,吴家坪组和大隆组页岩的TOC含量大于4%的占比也均超过了40%(图3c)。
中扬子地区中上二叠统孤峰组、吴家坪组和大隆组页岩的热演化程度存在一定的差异性(图3):孤峰组页岩Ro值介于1.23%~3.31%,平均为2.20%;吴家坪组页岩Ro值较为集中,分布介于1.91%~2.11%,平均为2.05%;大隆组页岩Ro值介于0.65%~3.68%,平均为2.13%(图3b)。从样品测试数据来看,孤峰组页岩的热演化处于高成熟—过成熟阶段;吴家坪组页岩与孤峰组类似,但处于过成熟阶段的样品占比较大;大隆组页岩的样品既有处于成熟阶段的,也有处于高成熟—过成熟阶段的,但大部分样品处于高成熟—过成熟阶段(图3d)。
基于部分学者对中扬子地区中上二叠统孤峰组、吴家坪组以及大隆组页岩的干酪根类型数据进行统计,研究结果发现:整体上孤峰组页岩以Ⅰ型干酪根为主,吴家坪组页岩以Ⅱ型干酪根为主,而大隆组页岩以Ⅱ型干酪根为主,Ⅰ型干酪根次之(表1)。
页岩中微纳米级孔隙对页岩气的聚集具有至关重要的作用,但由于页岩中孔隙类型多样、分类方法复杂,目前尚无统一的分类方案。部分学者多依据孔隙大小、形貌、发育位置、与矿物基质接触关系和成因,对Barnett、Woodford、龙马溪组等大规模商业开发的页岩气储层孔隙进行划分[58-62]。
部分学者对中扬子地区中上二叠统页岩储集空间的分类多延续先前划分方案,主要从页岩组分、孔隙形貌、成因、发育位置及与矿物基质之间的关系等角度出发。LOUCKS等[59]的划分方法为将泥页岩孔隙分为有机质孔、无机孔(粒间孔和粒内孔)和微裂缝3类[11,24,63-71](表2)。李世臻等[72]基于页岩组分和孔隙发育特征开展了中扬子地区页岩储层孔隙分类方案的划分和研究,将大隆组储层孔隙划分为孔隙和裂缝两大类,再进一步细分8小类;吴勘等[53]从储集空间成因和页岩组分角度出发将孤峰组储层孔隙划分为絮凝作用相关孔、有机质相关孔、矿物相关孔隙、微裂缝和碎屑颗粒之间的孔隙等五大类9小类;王秀平等[56]参考于炳松[61]的储集空间划分方案,将大隆组储层孔隙划分为岩石基质孔和裂缝两大类,再进一步细分为有机质孔隙、矿物粒间孔、矿物粒内孔和裂缝4类,最终细分成11种亚类;仇秀梅等[27]参考张顺等[73]对东营凹陷页岩油储集空间的划分方案,从储集空间成因角度出发,将鄂西建始中上二叠统页岩孔隙划分为无机成因孔(矿物粒间孔、原生晶间孔、成岩晶间孔和溶蚀孔等)和有机成因孔[27,74],但是该方案未将裂缝考虑进去。总体来看,大量学者针对中扬子地区中上二叠统页岩储层储集空间进行了研究(表2),但仍未有统一的孔隙划分方案。
由于中扬子地区中上二叠统页岩储层中无机孔较为发育,其可能会对页岩气的富集产生较为重要的作用,因此建议针对中扬子地区中上二叠统页岩储层孔隙进行研究时,可先将孔隙划分为有机孔、无机孔和裂缝3大类,然后针对无机孔进一步细分进行研究,可将无机孔划分为粒间孔和粒内孔,进一步可将粒间孔划分为颗粒间孔隙、晶间孔、黏土矿物片间孔、颗粒边缘孔,粒内孔可进一步细分为黄铁矿结核粒内孔、溶蚀孔、化石体腔孔、铸模孔。
孤峰组不同岩石类型中孔隙的类型、形态和连通性具有差异性。硅质页岩中发育较多矿物质孔隙和有机质孔隙,炭质页岩中存在大量蜂窝状分布的有机质孔,而泥质灰岩中矿物质孔隙较为发育[53,71,75]。鄂西建始中二叠统孤峰组页岩中,发育大量矿物孔(图4a、图4b)。孤峰组沉积时期,缺氧环境大面积发育[10,42],因此该时期页岩中黄铁矿异常发育,草莓状黄铁矿和周围围岩以及草莓状黄铁矿内部发育了许多晶间孔(图4a),其他矿物(如黏土矿物、方解石、石英等)晶粒间发育的晶间孔表现为环状包围中间颗粒,边界清晰(图4b)。孤峰组页岩的有机孔与化石孢子及有机质的埋藏和成熟相关,多呈蜂窝状(图4c),页岩中大量天然微裂缝(图4d)极大提高了储集空间和渗透性。
在吴家坪组页岩中,发育有机质孔、粒间孔、粒内孔等多种孔隙类型(图4e—图4j)。其中,草莓状黄铁矿粒间孔彼此独立(图4e),但可与有机质孔形成立体网络系统,从而提高页岩气储集空间。脆性矿物内部的粒内孔数量少、孔径小、连通性差(图4f)。吴家坪组页岩中,黏土矿物通常呈丝缕状和卷曲状分布(图4g),晶间孔连通性好,但受强压实作用影响,孔隙易变形和闭合。吴家坪组页岩的有机孔主要发育在藻类体和固体沥青中,沥青形状受孔隙形态控制,内部发育丰富的有机质孔隙(图4h)。藻类体与周围矿物相互支撑,有机质孔多呈不规则棱角状、圆形或椭圆形,以纳米级孔隙为主,局部孔隙连通形成不规则的微米级孔隙(图4i、图4j)。
大隆组页岩中,有机孔的发育因有机质分布差异而具有较强的非均质性特征[70,76],大部分有机质内部发育大量海绵状有机孔,孔隙多呈椭圆状、近圆形,部分为不规则形状,而在具有生物母质结构的较大有机质颗粒内部,发育轮廓清晰、孤立的近圆状原生有机孔经焦沥青充填后形成特殊的圆形海绵状有机质结构(图4k)。大隆组页岩中黏土矿物呈片状定向排列,晶间孔形状不规则且集中发育(图4l),黄铁矿粒间孔独立分布在黄铁矿矿物晶粒间,孔径介于0.02~0.2 μm(图4m、图4n),次生溶蚀孔主要形成在长石、方解石、黄铁矿等易溶矿物中(图4o)。此外,在矿物或有机质边缘见粒缘缝(图4p),裂缝宽度主要介于0.02~1.00 μm,裂缝的长度与矿物或有机质大小相关。
综上所述,孤峰组、吴家坪组和大隆组页岩的孔隙特征展现了各自的独特性和相对差异:孤峰组页岩以矿物孔丰富发育为特点,表现出较好的孔隙连通性,尤其是黄铁矿相关的孔隙对储集空间的贡献尤为显著;吴家坪组页岩中,有机孔与矿物孔相结合形成立体网络系统,有效增强了储集空间的连通性;大隆组表现出较强的非均质性,其孔隙形态和连通性受到显著的次生溶蚀影响,但丰富的有机孔发育增强了其储集能力。
目前,普遍采用国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)分类方法,将泥页岩孔隙分为大孔(大于50 nm)、介孔(2~50 nm)和微孔(小于2 nm)。中扬子地区中上二叠统页岩储集空间主要由孔隙连通性较好的有机孔组成,孔径以微孔和介孔为主(图5)。
部分学者对于孤峰组页岩储层孔隙结构研究主要基于扫描电镜开展,陈鸿鹏[24]对鄂西渝东地区的孤峰组页岩孔隙度测试发现,孤峰组页岩的孔隙度普遍不高,介于2%~3%,研究发现该页岩储层主要由孔隙连通性较好的有机孔组成[24,53,71,75]。由于孤峰组环境变化大,硅质页岩、泥质灰岩、炭质页岩储集空间存在显著差异:硅质页岩中发育较多黄铁矿微球粒及絮凝结构,有机孔孔径从纳米级到微米级均有分布;泥质灰岩中以矿物质孔隙为主,微裂缝也较为发育;炭质页岩中存在大量蜂窝状有机孔和微裂缝,孔径大小为纳米级,具有有利的储集空间[53,71,75]。吴家坪组页岩的孔径分布范围较宽,包含大孔、介孔和微孔,页岩孔径峰值分布介于1~100 nm,主要以微孔和介孔为主,大孔的占比较低(图5a、图5b)[10,66]。根据IUPAC的划分标准(H1、H2(a)、H2(b)、H3、H4和H5型),吴家坪组页岩样品的回滞环以H3型为主,表明孔隙多为狭缝状孔(图5g)[31]。
由于古气候、古海平面、古海洋环境的协同变化导致大隆组页岩组分差异明显,对比发现,川东北地区大隆组微孔占比高于鄂西地区。在川东北地区,大隆组页岩的孔隙类型主要为微孔和介孔,大孔占比低[9,40,59,65,72],微孔和介孔占比均约为50%(图5c、图5d),但在鄂西地区,介孔占比高达80%(图5e、图5f)[40,72],更有利于储集空间的发育。刘惟庆[77]基于低温N2吸附实验对鄂西地区上二叠统大隆组的页岩孔隙结构的研究发现:在大隆组页岩样品中各类回滞环均有发育(图5h),不同岩相发育优势孔隙结构形态不同,具体表现为硅质页岩中含有较多的“墨水瓶”孔,平行板状孔较少;含硅灰质页岩中平行板状孔数量有所增加,黏土质页岩中则普遍发育平行板状孔[40,77]。
综合上述,孤峰组、吴家坪组和大隆组页岩在孔隙结构方面展现了明显的区别:孤峰组页岩的孔径分布从纳米级到微米级不等,特别是在硅质页岩和炭质页岩中,丰富的有机质孔如微球粒状和蜂窝状结构极大的丰富了储集空间;吴家坪组页岩的孔径分布更广,从微孔到介孔不等,孔隙形态多为狭缝状,表现出复杂的回滞环特征;大隆组页岩虽然也主要以微孔和介孔为主,但其在不同地区的比例及岩相类型中的表现则显示了明显的区域性和岩性差异。
根据研究分析结果发现,中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩的孔隙体积由微孔、介孔和宏孔组成,以微孔和介孔为主[9-10,31,40,53,65-66,71-72,75]。其中,孤峰组、吴家坪组和大隆组页岩这3个不同沉积环境下形成的页岩,孔隙特征存在显著差异。
孤峰组页岩中硅质页岩、泥质灰岩和炭质页岩等主要岩相孔隙类型差异大[24,53,71,75]。在深水还原环境中发育的硅质页岩富含生物化石,孔隙发育与生物化石和有机质密切相关,主要发育有机质孔和絮凝孔[51],泥质灰岩黏土物质少,岩石脆性较大,因此,矿物孔和裂缝大量发育[73],炭质页岩富含大量有机质,内部存在大量呈蜂窝状分布的有机孔[53,71,75]。
吴家坪组页岩在古气候、古海洋环境和火山作用共同影响下,主要发育灰黑色富有机质硅质页岩,黏土物质含量较孤峰组高(图2)[10,66,69]。虽然,黏土矿物晶间孔易受压实作用影响,但由于高含量石英矿物的存在,增强了储层的脆性和机械稳定性,减弱了压实作用的影响,黏土矿物孔隙得以保存[10,69]。此外,藻类、海绵骨针等生物母质结构对吴家坪组页岩有机孔的发育有很大贡献,改善了储层微孔的发育程度[32,68]。
大隆组页岩发育在静海深水缺氧甚至硫化环境中,岩相更为复杂,不同岩相类型具有不同的储层特征[40],是川北地区和鄂西地区大隆组孔隙结构差异的根本原因。大隆组页岩与吴家坪组页岩类似,内部具有生物母质结构的有机质在热埋藏过程中生烃,含黏土硅质页岩具有相对较高的黏土矿物和有机碳含量,发育大量有机孔、微孔、宏孔[65,70]。石英和黏土矿物构成的框架孔能够保护成岩作用中的有机质不被破坏,促使储层宏孔发育[9,77]。
目前,中扬子地区中上二叠统关于页岩储层的研究主要集中于对页岩岩相、孔隙和储层非均质性,而对海相页岩储层的研究总体较少。
中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩不同于五峰组—龙马溪组页岩,研究已证实其岩相类型多样,硅质岩、灰岩、页岩等均有发育,但岩相划分未有统一的分类方案[18,21,24,53,57,71,75]。因此,不同学者难以在同一体系下开展相关研究,制约了对整个中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩岩相的认识,进而导致难以系统厘清中上二叠统海相页岩岩相的纵向分布规律和平面展布规律,限制了基于岩相研究的“甜点”预测工作。此外,对于中扬子地区中上二叠统不同岩相的控储控气特征、优质岩相的形成机制、沉积环境和古气候与岩相的协同演化等方面有待进一步深入研究。
针对中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩储层的孔隙,大量学者进行了研究,研究结果证实三套页岩的孔隙具有多样性,3个层位页岩储层孔隙既有各自的独特性,也有相对的类似性[32,53,70-71,75]。不同层位海相页岩储层的有机孔和无机孔发育具有明显的差异性,但对纵横向发育规律及其发育控制机理还未有明确认识。
目前,中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩储层孔隙的研究主要集中于利用扫描电镜对孔隙的类型和特征进行描述性表征,但总体缺乏定量化研究。其中,孤峰组页岩的储层孔隙整体研究较为缺乏,少量研究主要集中于利用扫描电镜对其进行定性-半定量的研究,缺乏系统的定量表征[24,53,71,75];大隆组页岩储层孔隙研究普遍关注于对其内部硅质页岩和硅质岩储层的精细表征,对其孔隙结构、硅质成因以及孔隙发育特征进行了研究[18,21,57],然而,对于其他类型的岩相孔隙的定性-定量研究鲜有开展;吴家坪组页岩,尤其是红星地区,部分学者已经明确了页岩储层具有机碳含量高、孔隙度高、含气量高、碳酸盐含量高,以及页岩厚度薄(小于20 m)的“四高一薄”特征并对该套页岩的孔隙微观发育特征进行了细致研究[10,69],但是整个中扬子地区吴家坪组页岩孔隙的发育规律及其差异性还未有涉及,进一步制约了整个中扬子地区吴家坪组优质页岩储层“甜点”区的找寻。
对于中上二叠统海相页岩储层的孔隙分类方案不统一,存在多种类型的划分方案[10,24,63-69],亟须建立一套适用于中扬子地区中上二叠统海相储层的孔隙分类方案,以便将中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩层系作为一个整体进行储层发育特征的研究。因此,中扬子地区中上二叠统海相储层孔隙类型的划分方案亟待健全,孔隙识别、量化以及其对储层性能的影响需要更为精细的研究。
中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩岩相和储层孔隙的多样性和复杂性直接导致了页岩储层的多尺度非均质性。此外,研究发现中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩储层在纵向上和横向上表现出极强的非均质性。纵向上有机碳含量、矿物成分、沉积构造等都表现出极强的非均质性,影响了页岩储层的储集性、含气性和可改造性等[46]。平面上,由于中扬子地区沉积环境的差异性,导致不同地区海相页岩储层在TOC、矿物组分、孔隙度、渗透率、含气性等方面存在明显差异。这种非均质性变化增加了储层表征和评价的复杂性,但是对于不同区域的海相页岩储层差异性、平面各储层参数的时空展布规律以及储层内部各参数的纵向非均质性特征及其控制因素均未有系统的认识。下一步建议根据沉积古地理分区对不同页岩层系开展不同区带页岩储层的发育特征研究,结合露头—岩心—薄片—QEMSCAN分析技术—CT扫描—场发射扫描电镜—原子力显微镜等技术,从米级—厘米级—毫米级—微米级—纳米级等不同尺度对中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩储层进行多尺度的定性-定量表征,为后期页岩储层“甜点”段和“甜点”区的找寻提供依据。
对于中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩储层的研究,总体还处于起步阶段,后期应加强的研究包括:①加强页岩储层孔隙的宏观-微观的多尺度表征,明确中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩储层的孔隙发育规律;②开展中扬子地区中上二叠统优质海相页岩储层的形成机理研究:综合岩石学、沉积学、非常规油气地质学、细粒沉积学、地球化学等多学科方法,结合野外露头、钻井、地震等资料综合开展优质海相页岩储层的形成机理研究;③引入大数据模型,结合深度学习、机器学习等人工智能手段开展中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩储层的智能化研究;④中扬子地区中上二叠统孤峰组、吴家坪组和大隆组均表现出较好的页岩气潜力,但3个层位的具体潜力及其有利区尚未落实,亟待建立适用于中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩储层的评价体系,开展页岩“甜点”段和“甜点”区的优选与评价,从而为中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩气的勘探开发提供理论依据和指导。
1)中扬子地区中上二叠统孤峰组、吴家坪组和大隆组3套海相页岩层段储层品质较好,具有高TOC、热演化程度适中和纳米孔隙发育的特征。
2)中扬子地区中上二叠统孤峰组、吴家坪组和大隆组3套海相页岩层段储层具有复杂性,表现为岩相复杂、孔隙类型多样和多尺度非均质性强的特征。
3)中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩储层研究总体较弱,尤其是对页岩储层孔隙的表征、页岩储层多尺度非均质性以及页岩岩相缺乏系统性研究,建议加强储层的多尺度定量细致表征、多学科多方法并借助人工智能等手段开展研究、建立页岩优质储层评价标准并开展“甜点”段和“甜点”区的优选和评价,最终为中扬子地区中上二叠统海相页岩气勘探开发提供理论依据和指导。

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2026年第16卷第2期
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doi: 10.13809/j.cnki.cn32-1825/te.2024572
  • 接收时间:2025-01-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-03-26
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-06
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    1 中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京 100083
    2 国家能源页岩气研发(实验)中心,北京 100083
    3 西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院,四川   成都 610500
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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