Article(id=1320423082938970285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, issueId=1320423063842304050, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3969/j.issn.1001-4837.2026.03.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1749744000000, receivedDateStr=2025-06-13, revisedDate=1762358400000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1792742995247, onlineDateStr=2026-10-23, pubDate=1774800000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1792742995247, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-23, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1792742995247, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1792742995247, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1320423063842304050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, year='2026', volume='43', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='86', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774800000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-30', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1792742990694, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1792745289363, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1320432705251165019, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, issueId=1320423063842304050, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1320432705251165020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, issueId=1320423063842304050, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=61, endPage=69, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1320423083408732334, articleId=1320423082938970285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, language=EN, title=Engineering applicability solutions for the fixed tubesheet heat exchanger module in the SW7 software, columnId=1320422992044217077, journalTitle=Pressure Vessel Technology, columnName=Designs & Analyses, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To implement GB/T 4732.3—2024 Pressure vessels design by analysis-Part 3:Formulae method,this paper systematically elaborates on the development practice and key considerations of the fixed tubesheet heat exchanger module in the SW7 software.The research focuses on several issues not mandated by the standard but of significant engineering significance,and conducts theoretical modeling,formula derivation,and functional expansion.The main contents include:Expanding the mechanical models to include the tubesheet embedded welding structure and the flat cover with a central nozzle opening,enhancing the engineering applicability of the software;Incorporating the effects of thermal bending deformation caused by temperature differences across the tubesheet thickness and the differential thermal expansion between the tubesheet and flange materials,achieving refined analysis of thermal loads;Based on the deformation coordination relationship of the flange-bolt-gasket system,proposing a method for determining a single bolt preload load that meets sealing requirements under multiple operating conditions;Innovatively proposing a nonlinear analysis theory for the variable‑stiffness elastic foundation plate,revealing the coupling mechanism by which tubesheet bending leads to a reduction in the axial stiffness of peripheral heat exchange tubes;Improving the stress evaluation system for key components such as the channel shell and shell‑side shell ends,and the flat cover,while clarifying the priority conditions for stability checks of heat exchange tubes and the criteria for selecting strength theories under biaxial stress states.SW7 software is not only a programmatic implementation of the new analysis and design standard,but also a beneficial supplement and engineering extension to the standard content.The release of its trial version is expected to promote the advancement of industry technical level.

, authors=Chao LI, Yongdong CHEN, Xiaohong WU, authorsList=Chao LI, Yongdong CHEN, Xiaohong WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1320423086281830577, articleId=1320423082938970285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, language=CN, title=SW7软件中固定管板式热交换器模块的工程适用性解决方案, columnId=1320422992211989239, journalTitle=压力容器, columnName=设计计算, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

为贯彻落实GB/T 4732.3—2024《压力容器分析设计 第3部分:公式法》,系统阐述了SW7软件中固定管板式热交换器模块的开发实践与关键考量,研究围绕标准中未要求但具有重要工程意义的若干问题,开展理论建模、公式推导与功能扩展工作。主要内容包括:扩展管板嵌入焊结构、平封头中心开孔接管等力学模型,提升软件的工程适用性;引入管板厚度方向温差热弯曲变形及管板与法兰材料热膨胀差异的影响,实现热载荷的精细化分析;基于法兰-螺栓-垫片系统的变形协调关系,提出满足多工况密封要求的单一螺栓预紧载荷确定方法;提出变刚度弹性基础板非线性分析理论,揭示管板弯曲导致周边换热管轴向刚度下降的耦合作用机理;完善管箱与壳程筒体端部、平封头等关键部位的应力评定体系,明确换热管稳定性校核的优先工况及双向应力状态下的强度理论选用原则。SW7软件不仅是对新分析设计标准的程序化实现,更是对标准内容的有益补充与工程化拓展,其试用版的发布有望推动行业技术水平的提升。

, authors=李超, 陈永东, 吴晓红, authorsList=李超, 陈永东, 吴晓红, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=

李超(1988),女,工程师,主要从事化工设备的分析设计及SW6/SW7软件开发工作,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=作者向本刊所投稿件一经本刊录用,则该论文的复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权、翻译权、汇编权等权利视为自动转让给本刊。本刊为国内各主要数据库收录期刊,本刊所发表的稿件将同时通过因特网进行网络出版或提供信息服务(包括印刷版、光盘版和网络版等各种使用方式)。, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=BKuXd1hZoWzwkdrVmAszAg==, magXml=e9eEsIBOVjJgStg9htUfJQ==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=5rr3H/D98577bS+63oTaUg==, pdfFileSize=1032227, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=syO5qS48svwmUqMEkhoBmA==, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=dvIj9pMOqsaAo3tJdADb4g==, mapNumber=null, fund=null)}, authors=[Author(id=1320423087103914166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lichao_post@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320423087196188856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, authorId=1320423087103914166, language=EN, stringName=Chao LI, firstName=Chao, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Institute of Heat Transfer Technology and Equipment,Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320423087527538873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, authorId=1320423087103914166, language=CN, stringName=李超, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 传热技术与装备研究所,合肥 230031, bio={"content":"

李超(1988),女,工程师,主要从事化工设备的分析设计及SW6/SW7软件开发工作,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

李超(1988),女,工程师,主要从事化工设备的分析设计及SW6/SW7软件开发工作,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320423086797729970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320423086806118579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, companyId=1320423086797729970, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of Heat Transfer Technology and Equipment,Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320423086814507188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, companyId=1320423086797729970, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 传热技术与装备研究所,合肥 230031)])]), Author(id=1320423087632396475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320423087972135101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, authorId=1320423087632396475, language=EN, stringName=Yongdong CHEN, firstName=Yongdong, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Institute of Heat Transfer Technology and Equipment,Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320423088399954110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, authorId=1320423087632396475, language=CN, stringName=陈永东, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 传热技术与装备研究所,合肥 230031, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320423086797729970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320423086806118579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, companyId=1320423086797729970, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of Heat Transfer Technology and Equipment,Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320423086814507188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, companyId=1320423086797729970, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 传热技术与装备研究所,合肥 230031)])]), Author(id=1320423088806801600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320423089289146562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, authorId=1320423088806801600, language=EN, stringName=Xiaohong WU, firstName=Xiaohong, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Institute of Heat Transfer Technology and Equipment,Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320423090912342211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, authorId=1320423088806801600, language=CN, stringName=吴晓红, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 传热技术与装备研究所,合肥 230031, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320423086797729970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320423086806118579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, companyId=1320423086797729970, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of Heat Transfer Technology and Equipment,Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320423086814507188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, companyId=1320423086797729970, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 传热技术与装备研究所,合肥 230031)])])], keywords=[Keyword(id=1320423091038171332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, language=EN, orderNo=1, keyword=heat exchanger), Keyword(id=1320423091105280197, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, language=EN, orderNo=2, keyword=tubesheet), Keyword(id=1320423091172389062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, language=EN, orderNo=3, keyword=flange), Keyword(id=1320423091235303623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, language=EN, orderNo=4, keyword=thermal bending deformation), Keyword(id=1320423091356938440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, language=EN, orderNo=5, keyword=bolt preload load), Keyword(id=1320423091432435913, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, language=EN, orderNo=6, keyword=gasket sealing load), Keyword(id=1320423091491156170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, language=CN, orderNo=1, keyword=热交换器), Keyword(id=1320423091554070731, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, language=CN, orderNo=2, keyword=管板), Keyword(id=1320423091784757452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, language=CN, orderNo=3, keyword=法兰), Keyword(id=1320423091843477709, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, language=CN, orderNo=4, keyword=热弯曲变形), Keyword(id=1320423091914780878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, language=CN, orderNo=5, keyword=螺栓预紧载荷), Keyword(id=1320423091990278351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, language=CN, orderNo=6, keyword=垫片密封载荷)], refs=[Reference(id=1320423092422291666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1948, volume=15, issue=4, pageStart=377, pageEnd=385, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=1, rfOrder=0, authorNames=GARDNER K A, journalName=Journal of Applied Mechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GARDNER K A.Heat‑exchanger tube‑sheet design [J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1948,15(4):377-385., articleTitle=Heat‑exchanger tube‑sheet design, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320423092501983443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1952, volume=19, issue=2, pageStart=159, pageEnd=166, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=2, rfOrder=1, authorNames=GARDNER K A, journalName=Journal of Applied Mechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GARDNER K A.Heat‑exchanger tube‑sheet design—2:Fixed tubesheets[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1952,19(2):159-166., articleTitle=Heat‑exchanger tube‑sheet design—2:Fixed tubesheets, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320423092577480916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1960, volume=27, issue=1, pageStart=25, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=3, rfOrder=2, authorNames=GARDNER K A, journalName=Journal of Applied Mechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GARDNER K A.Heat‑exchanger tube‑sheet design—3:U‑tube and bayonet‑tube sheets[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1960,27(1):25-33., articleTitle=Heat‑exchanger tube‑sheet design—3:U‑tube and bayonet‑tube sheets, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320423092648784085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1953, volume=167, issue=1, pageStart=215, pageEnd=231, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=4, rfOrder=3, authorNames=MILLER K A G, journalName=Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MILLER K A G.The design of tube plates in heat exchangers[J].Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1953,167(1):215-231., articleTitle=The design of tube plates in heat exchangers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320423092720087254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1955, volume=169, issue=1, pageStart=789, pageEnd=810, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=5, rfOrder=4, authorNames=DUNCAN J P, journalName=Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUNCAN J P.The structural efficiency of tube‑plates for heat exchangers[J].Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1955,169(1):789-810., articleTitle=The structural efficiency of tube‑plates for heat exchangers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320423092795584727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1964, volume=6, issue=2, pageStart=173, pageEnd=190, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=6, rfOrder=5, authorNames=DUNCAN J P, journalName=Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUNCAN J P.Quasi‑theoretical method for calculating the rigidity of multi‑pass tube plates[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,1964,6(2):173-190., articleTitle=Quasi‑theoretical method for calculating the rigidity of multi‑pass tube plates, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320423092866887896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1979, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=19, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=黄克智, 薛明德, 李世玉, 关于管壳式热交换器管板设计规定的分析, journalName=化工与通用机械, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄克智,薛明德,李世玉,等,关于管壳式热交换器管板设计规定的分析[J].化工与通用机械,1979(12):19-33., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320423092946579673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1979, volume=null, issue=12, pageStart=19, pageEnd=33, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=7, rfOrder=7, authorNames=HUANG K Z, XUE M D, LI S Y, journalName=Chemical Engineering & General Machinery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG K Z,XUE M D,LI S Y,et al.Analysis of design regulations for tubesheets of shell-and-tube heat exchangers[J].Chemical Engineering & General Machinery,1979(12):19-33., articleTitle=Analysis of design regulations for tubesheets of shell-and-tube heat exchangers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320423093017882842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1980, volume=16, issue=2, pageStart=1, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=8, authorNames=黄克智, 薛明德, 李世玉, journalName=机械工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄克智,薛明德,李世玉.固定式热交换器管板应力的一种建议计算方法[J],机械工程学报,1980,16(2):1-23., articleTitle=固定式热交换器管板应力的一种建议计算方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320423093084991707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1980, volume=16, issue=2, pageStart=1, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=9, authorNames=HUANG K C, XUE M D, LI S Y, journalName=Journal of Mechanical Engineering, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG K C,XUE M D,LI S Y.A proposed method of stress analysis on fixed tubesheets of heat exchangers[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,1980,16(2):1-23., articleTitle=A proposed method of stress analysis on fixed tubesheets of heat exchangers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320423093152100572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=42, issue=5, pageStart=56, pageEnd=65, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=10, authorNames=薛明德, 李世玉, 吴坚, journalName=压力容器, refType=null, unstructuredReference=薛明德,李世玉,吴坚,等.我国国家标准中NEN型固定式热交换器管板常规设计方法与分析设计法的比较[J].压力容器,2025,42(5):56-65., articleTitle=我国国家标准中NEN型固定式热交换器管板常规设计方法与分析设计法的比较, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320423093223403741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=42, issue=5, pageStart=56, pageEnd=65, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=11, authorNames=XUE M D, LI S Y, WU J, journalName=Pressure Vessel Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XUE M D,LI S Y,WU J,et al.A comparison between conventional design method and analytical design method for tubesheets of NEN‑type fixed heat exchangers in Chinese national standards[J].Pressure Vessel Technology,2025,42(5):56-65., articleTitle=A comparison between conventional design method and analytical design method for tubesheets of NEN‑type fixed heat exchangers in Chinese national standards, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320423093311484126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=59, issue=2, pageStart=9, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=12, authorNames=李超, 王林, 陈永东, journalName=化工设备与管道, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李超,王林,陈永东,等.解析GB/T 151不带法兰固定管板计算公式和图表[J].化工设备与管道,2022,59(2):9-15., articleTitle=解析GB/T 151不带法兰固定管板计算公式和图表, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320423093391175903, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=59, issue=2, pageStart=9, pageEnd=15, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=13, authorNames=LI C, WANG L, CHEN Y D, journalName=Process Equipment & Piping, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI C,WANG L,CHEN Y D,et al.Analysis of equations and charts in GB/T 151 for calculation of fixed tubesheet without extension for flange[J].Process Equipment & Piping,2022,59(2):9-15., articleTitle=Analysis of equations and charts in GB/T 151 for calculation of fixed tubesheet without extension for flange, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320423093466673376, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=59, issue=6, pageStart=18, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=14, authorNames=李超, 王林, 陈永东, journalName=化工设备与管道, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李超,王林,陈永东,等.解析GB 151管板延长部分兼作法兰固定管板计算图表[J].化工设备与管道,2022,59(6):18-24., articleTitle=解析GB 151管板延长部分兼作法兰固定管板计算图表, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1320423093558948065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=59, issue=6, pageStart=18, pageEnd=24, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=11, rfOrder=15, authorNames=LI C, WANG L, CHENG Y D, journalName=Process Equipment & Piping, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI C,WANG L,CHENG Y D,et al.Resolution of calculation chart for fixed tubesheet extended with flange[J].Process Equipment & Piping,2022,59(6):18-24., articleTitle=Resolution of calculation chart for fixed tubesheet extended with flange, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320423086797729970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320423086806118579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, companyId=1320423086797729970, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of Heat Transfer Technology and Equipment,Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320423086814507188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, companyId=1320423086797729970, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 传热技术与装备研究所,合肥 230031)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1320423092137078992, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Embedded welding structure of tube plate and shell flange, figureFileSmall=UiSOsluYrKqYSdCQW+8hXQ==, figureFileBig=syO5qS48svwmUqMEkhoBmA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1320423092204187857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, language=CN, label=图1, caption=管板与壳体法兰嵌入焊结构, figureFileSmall=UiSOsluYrKqYSdCQW+8hXQ==, figureFileBig=syO5qS48svwmUqMEkhoBmA==, tableContent=null)], attaches=null, journal=Journal(id=1319354845020389520, delFlag=0, nameCn=压力容器, nameEn=Pressure Vessel Technology, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, issn=1001-4837, eissn=null, cn=34-1058/TH, coden=null, periodic=0, language=CN, oaType=null, ccby=null, superviseOffice=null, ownerOffice=null, pubOffice=null, editorOffice=null, officeType=null, aims=null, clcCode=null, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=null, officeZip=null, officeEmail=null, officePhone=null, editDirector=null, officeDirector=null, officeDirectorPhone=null, officeStaffNum=null, officeEmpNum=null, coverPicUrl=jxjNdnQvHSQ8b9q0zS7Bgw==, journalPrice=null, startedYear=null, abbrevIsoEn=Pressure Vessel Technology, journalRemark=null, publicationField=null, createdTime=1792488307482, updatedTime=1792488496537, createdBy=18614031015, updatedBy=13701087609, firstLetterCn=Y, firstLetterEn=Y, subjectCode=Engineering, subjectName=null, subjectCodeEn=Engineering, subjectNameEn=null, picCn=jxjNdnQvHSQ8b9q0zS7Bgw==, picEn=4fVBwqRFt4uCO8g42aXObg==, jcr=null, cjcr=null, exts=[JournalExt(id=1319355638048740090, language=CN, name=压力容器, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1792488496553, updatedTime=1792488496553, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://ylrq.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn, submissionReviewUrl=https://ylrq.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""}), JournalExt(id=1319355638103266043, language=EN, name=Pressure Vessel Technology, nameHistory1=null, nameHistory2=null, managedBy=, sponsoredBy=, publishedBy=, editorOffice=, officeProv=null, officeCity=null, officeAddr=, officeZip=, editDirector=, officeDirector=null, officePhone=null, coverPicUrl=null, journalRemark=, submitArticleUrl=null, websiteUrl=, createdTime=1792488496566, updatedTime=1792488496566, createdBy=13701087609, updatedBy=13701087609, submissionGuidelinesUrl=, submissionAuthorUrl=https://ylrq.portal.founderss.cn, submissionEditorUrl=https://journal.ids.fzyun.cn, submissionReviewUrl=https://ylrq.portal.founderss.cn, submissionCeEditorUrl=, submissionAeEditorUrl=, option={"copyright":""})], databaseList=null, tenantJournalId=1319355204128309394, websiteList=[Website(id=1319376331645764504, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1319355204128309394, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ylrq/CN, language=CN, createTime=1792493430291, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1792493471510, updateBy=18614031015, name=压力容器-中文, tplId=1146099689490845704, title=压力容器, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1319376610952856568, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331645764504, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1792493496883, updateTime=1792493496883, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376610923496437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331645764504, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1792493496876, updateTime=1792493496876, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376610969633787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331645764504, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493496887, updateTime=1792493496887, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376610910913524, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331645764504, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ylrq/CN/file/pic?fileId=jTQ3ULyAlxRu0s8fI4nfng==, createTime=1792493496873, updateTime=1792493496873, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376610986411005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331645764504, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493496891, updateTime=1792493496891, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376610944467959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331645764504, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ylrq/CN/file/pic, createTime=1792493496881, updateTime=1792493496881, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376610978022396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331645764504, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493496889, updateTime=1792493496889, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376610936079350, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331645764504, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_cn_619/, createTime=1792493496879, updateTime=1792493496879, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376610957050873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331645764504, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1792493496884, updateTime=1792493496884, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376610965439482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331645764504, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1792493496886, updateTime=1792493496886, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)]), Website(id=1319376331893228450, webName=null, webTitle=null, webDomain=null, webCopyrigh=null, webIpcNo=null, seoTitle=null, seoKeywords=null, seoDescription=null, tenantJournalId=null, journalId=1319355204128309394, journalNameCn=null, journalNameEn=null, grayFlag=null, tenantId=1146029695717560320, platformId=null, journalGroupId=null, journalGroupNameCn=null, journalGroupNameEn=null, type=1, domain=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ylrq/EN, language=EN, createTime=1792493430350, createBy=18614031015, updateTime=1792493467616, updateBy=18614031015, name=压力容器-英文, tplId=1146101810881728533, title=Pressure Vessel Technology, delFlag=0, indexPage=/home, props=[WebsiteProps(id=1319376586462315499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331893228450, code=articleTextType, value=kx, createTime=1792493491044, updateTime=1792493491044, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376586432955368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331893228450, code=banner, value=null, createTime=1792493491037, updateTime=1792493491037, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376586500064238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331893228450, code=grayFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493491053, updateTime=1792493491053, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376586420372455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331893228450, code=logo, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ylrq/EN/file/pic?fileId=jTQ3ULyAlxRu0s8fI4nfng==, createTime=1792493491034, updateTime=1792493491034, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376586521035760, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331893228450, code=minRunFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493491058, updateTime=1792493491058, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376586453926890, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331893228450, code=picServerUrl, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ylrq/EN/file/pic, createTime=1792493491042, updateTime=1792493491042, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376586512647151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331893228450, code=silenceFlag, value=0, createTime=1792493491056, updateTime=1792493491056, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376586441343977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331893228450, code=staticResourcePath, value=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/cast_kjdb_en_623/, createTime=1792493491039, updateTime=1792493491039, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376586474898412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331893228450, code=themeColor, value=null, createTime=1792493491047, updateTime=1792493491047, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015), WebsiteProps(id=1319376586487481325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=null, journalGroupId=null, siteId=1319376331893228450, code=themeStyle, value=null, createTime=1792493491050, updateTime=1792493491050, creator=18614031015, updator=18614031015)])], journalTitle=压力容器, weixinUrl=null, journalUrl=https://www.pvtjournal.com/, iacademicId=null, status=1, seqNo=null, journalTitleEn=Pressure Vessel Technology, journalPhotoCn=jxjNdnQvHSQ8b9q0zS7Bgw==, journalPhotoEn=4fVBwqRFt4uCO8g42aXObg==, journalFirstLetter=Y, journalRecommend=null, journalNew=null, journalCollection=null, jcrJf=null, cjcrJf=null, jcrJfStr=null, cjcrJfStr=null, submissionFirstDecision=null, sciSubjectClassification=null, casSubjectClassification=null, citeScore=null, totalCitationFrequency=null, icpCode=null, psCode=null, advertisingLicenseCode=null, copyrightInformation=null, country=null, option=, provinceCode=null, provinceName=null, collectFlag=false, interPubPlatform=, interPubPlatformUrl=null), detailUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ylrq/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1001-4837.2026.03.006, detailUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ylrq/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1001-4837.2026.03.006, pdfUrlCn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ylrq/CN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.1001-4837.2026.03.006, pdfUrlEn=https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ylrq/EN/PDF/10.3969/j.issn.1001-4837.2026.03.006, aliStartDate=0, aliEndDate=0, collectionFlag=false, citedCount=null, citedUrl=null, previewStatus=0, delFlag=0, hasFullText=1, orderTime=1774800000000, fullTextJson=null, articleText=null, reference=null)
收藏切换
SW7软件中固定管板式热交换器模块的工程适用性解决方案
收藏切换
PDF下载
李超 , 陈永东 , 吴晓红
压力容器 | 设计计算 2026,43(3): 61-69
收起
收藏切换
压力容器 |设计计算 2026 , 43 (3) : 61 -69
SW7软件中固定管板式热交换器模块的工程适用性解决方案
全屏
[Author(id=1320423087103914166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=lichao_post@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320423087196188856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, authorId=1320423087103914166, language=EN, stringName=Chao LI, firstName=Chao, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Institute of Heat Transfer Technology and Equipment,Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320423087527538873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, authorId=1320423087103914166, language=CN, stringName=李超, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 传热技术与装备研究所,合肥 230031, bio={"content":"

李超(1988),女,工程师,主要从事化工设备的分析设计及SW6/SW7软件开发工作,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

李超(1988),女,工程师,主要从事化工设备的分析设计及SW6/SW7软件开发工作,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320423086797729970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320423086806118579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, companyId=1320423086797729970, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of Heat Transfer Technology and Equipment,Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320423086814507188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, companyId=1320423086797729970, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 传热技术与装备研究所,合肥 230031)])]), Author(id=1320423087632396475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, orderNo=1, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320423087972135101, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, authorId=1320423087632396475, language=EN, stringName=Yongdong CHEN, firstName=Yongdong, middleName=null, lastName=CHEN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Institute of Heat Transfer Technology and Equipment,Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320423088399954110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, authorId=1320423087632396475, language=CN, stringName=陈永东, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 传热技术与装备研究所,合肥 230031, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320423086797729970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320423086806118579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, companyId=1320423086797729970, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of Heat Transfer Technology and Equipment,Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320423086814507188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, companyId=1320423086797729970, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 传热技术与装备研究所,合肥 230031)])]), Author(id=1320423088806801600, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1320423089289146562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, authorId=1320423088806801600, language=EN, stringName=Xiaohong WU, firstName=Xiaohong, middleName=null, lastName=WU, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=Institute of Heat Transfer Technology and Equipment,Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1320423090912342211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, authorId=1320423088806801600, language=CN, stringName=吴晓红, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=null, address=合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 传热技术与装备研究所,合肥 230031, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1320423086797729970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320423086806118579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, companyId=1320423086797729970, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Institute of Heat Transfer Technology and Equipment,Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1320423086814507188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1319355204128309394, articleId=1320423082938970285, companyId=1320423086797729970, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 传热技术与装备研究所,合肥 230031)])])]
李超 , 陈永东, 吴晓红
作者信息
  • 合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 传热技术与装备研究所,合肥 230031
作者简介:

李超(1988),女,工程师,主要从事化工设备的分析设计及SW6/SW7软件开发工作,通信地址:230031安徽省合肥市长江西路888号合肥通用机械研究院有限公司,E-mail:。

Engineering applicability solutions for the fixed tubesheet heat exchanger module in the SW7 software
Chao LI , Yongdong CHEN, Xiaohong WU
Affiliations
  • Institute of Heat Transfer Technology and Equipment,Hefei General Machinery Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Hefei 230031,China
出版时间: 2026-03-30 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4837.2026.03.006
文章导航
收藏切换

为贯彻落实GB/T 4732.3—2024《压力容器分析设计 第3部分:公式法》,系统阐述了SW7软件中固定管板式热交换器模块的开发实践与关键考量,研究围绕标准中未要求但具有重要工程意义的若干问题,开展理论建模、公式推导与功能扩展工作。主要内容包括:扩展管板嵌入焊结构、平封头中心开孔接管等力学模型,提升软件的工程适用性;引入管板厚度方向温差热弯曲变形及管板与法兰材料热膨胀差异的影响,实现热载荷的精细化分析;基于法兰-螺栓-垫片系统的变形协调关系,提出满足多工况密封要求的单一螺栓预紧载荷确定方法;提出变刚度弹性基础板非线性分析理论,揭示管板弯曲导致周边换热管轴向刚度下降的耦合作用机理;完善管箱与壳程筒体端部、平封头等关键部位的应力评定体系,明确换热管稳定性校核的优先工况及双向应力状态下的强度理论选用原则。SW7软件不仅是对新分析设计标准的程序化实现,更是对标准内容的有益补充与工程化拓展,其试用版的发布有望推动行业技术水平的提升。

热交换器  /  管板  /  法兰  /  热弯曲变形  /  螺栓预紧载荷  /  垫片密封载荷

To implement GB/T 4732.3—2024 Pressure vessels design by analysis-Part 3:Formulae method,this paper systematically elaborates on the development practice and key considerations of the fixed tubesheet heat exchanger module in the SW7 software.The research focuses on several issues not mandated by the standard but of significant engineering significance,and conducts theoretical modeling,formula derivation,and functional expansion.The main contents include:Expanding the mechanical models to include the tubesheet embedded welding structure and the flat cover with a central nozzle opening,enhancing the engineering applicability of the software;Incorporating the effects of thermal bending deformation caused by temperature differences across the tubesheet thickness and the differential thermal expansion between the tubesheet and flange materials,achieving refined analysis of thermal loads;Based on the deformation coordination relationship of the flange-bolt-gasket system,proposing a method for determining a single bolt preload load that meets sealing requirements under multiple operating conditions;Innovatively proposing a nonlinear analysis theory for the variable‑stiffness elastic foundation plate,revealing the coupling mechanism by which tubesheet bending leads to a reduction in the axial stiffness of peripheral heat exchange tubes;Improving the stress evaluation system for key components such as the channel shell and shell‑side shell ends,and the flat cover,while clarifying the priority conditions for stability checks of heat exchange tubes and the criteria for selecting strength theories under biaxial stress states.SW7 software is not only a programmatic implementation of the new analysis and design standard,but also a beneficial supplement and engineering extension to the standard content.The release of its trial version is expected to promote the advancement of industry technical level.

heat exchanger  /  tubesheet  /  flange  /  thermal bending deformation  /  bolt preload load  /  gasket sealing load
李超, 陈永东, 吴晓红. SW7软件中固定管板式热交换器模块的工程适用性解决方案. 压力容器, 2026 , 43 (3) : 61 -69 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4837.2026.03.006
Chao LI, Yongdong CHEN, Xiaohong WU. Engineering applicability solutions for the fixed tubesheet heat exchanger module in the SW7 software[J]. Pressure Vessel Technology, 2026 , 43 (3) : 61 -69 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4837.2026.03.006
管壳式热交换器设计的普遍性与重要性,使其理论研究自20世纪40年代起,即成为力学界的重要方向。GARDNER[1-3]、MILLER[4]和DUNCAN[5-6]的开创性工作,引领了该领域的发展,后续众多研究亦取得了丰硕成果。我国自20世纪70年代起,黄克智等[7-9]针对管壳式热交换器提出了一套完整的管板分析方法。该分析方法奠定了我国管板设计规范的技术基础,并成为GB/T 151—2026《热交换器》及JB 4732—1995《钢制压力容器——分析设计标准(2005年确认)》中管板设计计算的核心依据。GB/T 4732—2024《压力容器分析设计》中的管板计算部分,正是在JB 4732—1995附录Ⅰ基础上的进一步拓展与深化。
基于GB/T 4732—2024,作者进行SW7固定管板式热交换器分析设计软件模块的开发。主要阐述开发过程中超越标准强制性要求的扩充内容与关键考量,建立相应的力学模型并推导完整的计算公式,同时详述软件扩展的功能与内容。目前,SW7-2024软件(试用版)已由全国化工设备设计技术中心站发布。
除压力容器分析设计标准强制性要求计算的模型以外,编制软件过程中进行重要扩展[10-11],关于超越标准的扩充内容,编制者会明确标识为参考性内容,非标准强制性校核,由设计人员自主判断是否需要显示在计算书中,可以自行选择删除或者保留该部分内容,为设计人员提供更全面的参考选项。
增加了管板与壳体法兰嵌入焊结构的计算模型。
考虑了管板厚度方向温差引起的热弯曲变形效应;考虑了管板与壳体法兰材料热膨胀系数差异导致的热变形不协调。
针对嵌入焊接结构,综合考虑了管、壳程压力载荷引起的壳体法兰径向位移和转角对系统受力的影响,通过理论推导给出了相关方程系数和计算公式。
(1)基于各种设计工况下的密封要求,计算满足密封所需的最小螺栓预紧载荷(标准未要求,非强制性校核,由设计人员判断是否需要进行校核)。
(2)为设计人员提供了确定螺栓预紧载荷范围的理论依据:最小预紧载荷(确保所有工况下密封可靠)和最大预紧载荷(在增大y值后,确保各部件的应力强度满足要求)。
(1)计算了与管板连接的管箱筒体端部及壳程筒体端部的轴向薄膜应力+弯曲应力组合,并依据应力分类原则进行评定。为判断何时需要设置壳程筒体端部加厚段,提供了理论支撑。
(2)提供了管板及换热管不同位置的详细应力分布结果。
文中涉及的符号定义和方程序号与GB/T 4732—2024保持一致。对于该标准中未定义的符号,在文中首次出现时予以说明。
GB/T 4732—2024和GB/T 151—2026标准中符号说明,Ad为在布管区范围内,因设置分程隔板和拉杆结构的需要,而未能被换热管支承的面积,但两个标准中,Ad的计算只考虑设置分程隔板所占面积,没有考虑拉杆结构所占面积,软件中Ad的计算公式已增加拉杆结构所占面积。
GB/T 4732—2024符号说明中,AG=2πDGb(见9.2节符号说明)与HG/T 20582—2020《钢制化工容器强度计算规范》中第22.3.3-6节和EN 13445-3:2021 Unfired Pressure Vessels-Part 3:Design ANNEX G公式(G.5-60)中AG=πDGb的定义不一致,设计人员应注意此处差异。欧标体系和美标体系对AG的认知存在差异,无论AG如何定义,需要最终保证FP=2bπDGmPC,方能得到正确的结果。
GB/T 4732—2024中e3型结构平封头管箱无管程介质进出口开孔接管,管程介质无法进出。为了满足实际工程需求,软件分析计算中增加了介质进出口开孔的模型,只考虑单管程的情况,且开孔接管只考虑在平封头中心,为此建立了分析计算模型进行方程推导,得到平封头中心有管程介质进出口开孔接管结构的有关方程。由于接管远薄于平封头,接管的弯曲刚度远小于平封头,可忽略平封头中心接管的弯矩影响,平封头中心接管处按简支考虑,受剪力Vk=0.25DkPt,考虑e3型结构平封头中心有开孔接管时:
方程(9-147)扩充为:
F11=12REhδh31-μh+(1+μh)ρk21-ρk2+12RRfEf"bfδf"3
方程(9-149)扩充为:
F22=RδhEh(R2+Rk2R2-Rk2-μh)+RRfEf"bfδf"(1+12e"2δf"2)
方程(9-151)扩充为:
F1p=3R32Ehδh3[1-μh+(3+μh)ρk2]Pt+12RRfδh)e"Ef"bfδf"3Pt
方程(9-152)扩充为:
F2p=2RRfe"Ef"bfδf"Pt-12RRfe"2δhEf"bfδf"3Pt-2Rk2REh(R2-Rk2)Pt
式中,ρk为平封头开孔直径与平封头直径之比,ρk=Dk/Di。
在薄管板换热设备中,部分为管板与壳体法兰嵌入焊结构,如图1所示;部分为壳体法兰带圆弧角结构,一般圆弧角厚度是变化的,精确计算只能进行有限元分析;嵌入焊结构法兰内侧可带凸台与管板焊接,使得法兰与管板连接处两侧均可有圆弧过渡,其应力状态比贴面焊结构要好,分析计算方程与贴面焊基本相同,壳体法兰内侧受管、壳程压力的作用,对壳体法兰的径向位移和转角均有影响,e2型结构方程组增加或修改以下几项载荷。
增加公式:
F3p=6RRfEf'bfδf'3{[0.25(δf'2-δp2)-e2](Pt-Ps)-δpe(Ps+Pt)}
方程(9-138)增加e2型嵌入焊选项:
F4p=R2Esδs{Ps-0.5μs[(1-ρt2)Ps+ρt2Pt]}-RRfEf'bfδf'{[0.5(δf'-δp)-e]Pt+[0.5(δf'-δp)+e]Ps}+RRfEf'bfδf'2{[0.25(δf'2-δp2)-e2]×(Pt-Ps)-δpe(Ps+Pt)}
嵌入焊方程(9-139)改为:
  F5p=R3DKRP(Ps-Pt)-RRfEf'bfδf'3{[0.25(δf'2-δp2)-e2]×(Pt-Ps)-δpe(Ps+Pt)}
方程(9-140)增加e2型嵌入焊选项:
  F6p=R(af'-ap)(tp-t0)+RRfEf'bfδf'{[0.5(δf'-δp)-e]Pt+[0.5(δf'-δp)+e]Ps}-6RRfeEf'bfδf'3{[0.25(δf'2-δp2)-e2](Pt-Ps)-δpe(Ps+Pt)}
第一项为法兰与管板径向热位移差,在第2.10中讨论。
方程(9-143)e2型嵌入焊改为:
F9p=πPt4LG2{[lb(LD-LG)EbAb+δGLDEGAG]Di2+[lb(LT-LG)EbAb+δGLTEGAG](DG2-Di2)}-6RRfEf'bfδf'3{[0.25(δf'2-δp2)-e2](Pt-Ps)-δpe(Ps+Pt)}
管板嵌入焊在壳体法兰环内部要求:δp-δf'≤e≤δf'-δp,管板与壳体法兰环外平齐,e=δf'-δp,管板与壳体法兰环内平齐,e=δp-δf'(小于0,包括e3型结构)。
在ASME规范中给出管、壳程筒体端部组合应力计算公式和校核依据,软件中计算、输出、校核这两部位的组合应力,管程筒体端部组合应力:
σh=σhm+σhb=|Di2Pt4δh|+|6Mhδh2|
不考虑热载荷工况时,不大于1.5倍许用应力;考虑热载荷工况时,不大于3倍许用应力;不满足要求时,增加厚度。
壳程筒体端部组合应力(σsm对应GB/T 4732—2024中的σc):
σs=σsm+σsb=|Vsδs|+|6Msδs2|
不考虑热载荷工况时,不大于1.5倍许用应力;考虑热载荷工况时,不大于3倍许用应力;不满足要求时,端部设置加强段。
因壳程筒体膜应力超过1.5倍许用应力时,壳程筒体整体塑性屈服,壳程筒体开孔接管部位应力集中系数会大于3.5(1.5×3-1=3.5)。考虑热载荷工况,壳程筒体端部膜+弯曲组合应力不大于3倍许用应力,壳程筒体膜应力不大于1.5倍许用应力是合理的。GB/T 4732.3—2024公式(9-85)中σc控制3倍许用应力,σc是筒体膜应力,本文认为应按1.5倍许用应力校核。
GB/T 4732.3—2024中图9-3中e3型结构平封头法兰应力:
σf"=πYδf'2|(Mh-e"Hh+Mf-e"δPt)|
其中,Mf=Mfo+Mfp,不考虑热载荷工况时,不大于1.5倍许用应力;考虑热载荷工况时,不大于3倍许用应力。
在ASME BPVC.Ⅷ.2—2025 Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels:Alternative Rules和GB/T 151—2026标准中均给出管板的剪切应力并校核,管板布管区剪切应力:
τ=Vrμδp
管板不布管区剪切应力:
τ=Vrδp
参照GB/T 151—2026,公式(13)(14)不考虑热载荷工况时,不大于0.5倍许用应力;考虑热载荷工况时,不大于1.5倍许用应力。
e3型结构平封头外边缘剪切应力:
τ=DiPt4δh
公式(15)只与管程压力有关,有膜应力和较大的弯曲应力的组合,参照管板分析,所有工况均不大于0.5倍许用应力。
平封头外边缘径向薄膜+弯曲应力:
σhb=|Hhδh|+|6Mhδh2|
热载荷对该处应力影响较小,所有工况均不大于1.5倍许用应力。
平封头中心无孔e3型结构平封头中心径向(与环向)薄膜+弯曲应力:
σhz=Hhδh+6δh2(3+μh16R2Pt-Mh)
平封头中心有孔e3型结构平封头内边缘环向薄膜应力:
             σhnm=R2Hh/δh+Rk2PtR2-Rk2+R2(Hh/δh+Pt)R2-Rk2=2Hh/δh+(1+ρk2)Pt1-ρk2
式中,Rk为平封头开孔直径。
平封头中心有孔e3型结构平封头内边缘环向弯曲应力:
σhnb=6δh2{R2Pt[-(1+μh)ρk22(1-ρk2)lnρk-3+μh8+1-μh8ρk2+(1+μh)ρk22(1-ρk2)lnρk-1-μh4ρk2]-2(1-ρk2)Mh}
                 =6δh2{-[3+μh8+1-μh8ρk2]R2Pt+2(1-ρk2)Mh}
平封头中心或内边缘环向弯曲应力:
σhn=|σhnm|+|σhnb|
所有工况不大于1.5倍许用应力。带法兰平封头中心有孔无径向薄膜应力和弯曲应力。
由于管、壳程介质温差,管板沿厚度方向存在温差,管板会产生热弯曲变形,对管板、换热管、管壳程筒体等部件的应力及螺栓力(预紧力)、垫片密封比压都有影响。因管板温度场的精确计算要进行三维有限元温度场分析,在管壳程侧管桥及换热管温度是变化的,要计算等效热弯曲变形的等效温差Δtp。软件为有工程经验或进行过有限元温度场分析计算的用户提供选项,可勾选考虑管板两侧表面温差,输入管板厚度方向管壳程壁面温差;当管板管程侧表面温度高则输入正值,反之输入负值,不考虑则输入0(与标准相同),考虑管板厚度方向温差热弯曲变形的影响时,管板布管区径向弯矩方程:
Mr(x)=ηD(NηD)0.5[-C1f2(x)+C2f1(x)]+MTη
管板布管区环向弯矩方程:
Mθ(x)=ηD(NηD)0.5[-C1f4(x)+C2f3(x)]+MTη 
管板布管区积分常数C1,C2为:
              C1=-(ηDN)0.75VtηDf1(K)F1(K)+(ηDN)0.5Mt-MTηηDber'(K)F1(K)
              C2=-(ηDN)0.75VtηDf2(K)F1(K)+(ηDN)0.5Mt-MTηηDbei'(K)F1(K)
式中,MT=(1+μp)DαpΔtpδP为管板管、壳程表面温差等效热弯矩;αp为管板材料热膨胀系数。
管板不布管区径向弯矩方程:
 Mr(r)=D{C1μP-1r2+C22ln(r)+2μpln(r)+3+μp+2(1+μp)C3}+Ps-Pt16(3+μp)r2+MT
管板不布管区环向弯矩方程:
Mθ(r)=D{C11-μPr2+C22ln(r)+2μpln(r)+3μp+1+2(1+μp)C3}+Ps-Pt16(3μp+1)r2+MT
在壳体(或法兰)与管板不布管区外边缘转角连续方程中,增加热弯矩载荷项,管板不布管区内边缘与管板布管区外边缘转角连续方程中,增加热弯矩载荷项。
对于管板与壳体法兰贴面焊或深嵌入焊e2型结构,当管程为强腐蚀介质,壳程为弱腐蚀介质时,管板材料为不锈钢,壳体法兰材料为非合金钢、低合金钢(贴面焊或法兰管程侧堆焊不锈钢),要考虑管板和壳体法兰热膨胀径向变形差的影响,会在管板产生很大的压应力,对螺栓预紧力和垫片密封比压也有影响。对于壳体法兰温度略低于管板温度的情形,保守地考虑温度相同。
方程(9-140)增加径向热变形差的影响项:
R(αf'-αp)(tp-t0)
式中,αf'为壳体法兰材料热膨胀系数;αp为管板材料热膨胀系数;tp为管板和壳体法兰的平均温度。
目前,我国分析设计标准和常规设计标准中管板的计算,均是不同工况取不同螺栓预紧总力矩。在工程运用中,换热器在运行前螺栓预紧载荷是唯一的,螺栓预紧载荷与密封垫片的材料、密封结构及设计压力、工作温度和管、壳程介质温度及各部件刚度有关,需满足所有操作工况的密封要求。换热设备法兰的密封问题不同于一般容器,管板厚度方向温差的热弯曲变形、管板与壳程法兰热变形差、换热管与壳程筒体热膨胀差对法兰的密封都有影响。重要的换热设备设计都要给出法兰螺栓预紧载荷的最小值和最大值,最小值是保证各种工况的密封要求,各部件应满足强度要求。
在只有壳程压力作用的2种工况,对法兰的螺栓预紧载荷、垫片密封比压无特殊要求(因管程无压力,壳程加压过程,垫片密封比压基本不减小,计算结果是这两种工况下垫片密封比压最大值)。螺栓预紧载荷要保证管程有压力作用的4种工况的管程密封要求,预紧载荷总力矩Mfo与法兰总力矩增量πDiMfp的和均要大于法兰操作总力矩Mp(Mfo+πDiMfp≥Mp),才能满足密封要求,即要求Mfo≥Mp-πDiMfp,取管程有压力作用的4种工况的最大值为满足密封要求的最小预紧载荷总力矩。换热设备一般在常温下预紧螺栓,随温度的变化螺栓预紧力会变化,因此需按螺栓弹性模量比进行修正,实际预紧总力矩应取法兰基本力矩Mm和经过修正的满足密封要求力矩的较大值。
在带法兰固定管板式热交换器的设计分析中,我国的分析设计标准相较于ASME BPVC.Ⅷ 1/2—2025 Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels和GB/T 151—2026标准,对结构变形协调关系的考量更为全面,计算精度更高。具体而言,该标准建立了包含管箱法兰、壳体法兰、螺栓及垫片变形协调关系的9×9矩阵方程组,进行系统分析计算。其先进性主要如下。
(1)更完备的力学模型:ASME规范未计及管箱法兰、螺栓及垫片的变形影响;GB/T 151—2026则假设螺栓和垫片刚度为无穷大,且未考虑管板边缘非布管区的影响。
(2)精确的载荷与应力计算:基于上述模型,分析设计标准能够较为准确地计算出各工况下的法兰力矩、垫片密封面上的残余压力,以及螺栓应力。
(3)优化的预紧载荷设计:该标准可确定满足不同工况密封要求的螺栓预紧载荷。
因此,我国分析设计标准的核心优势在于其能够同时兼顾换热器的结构强度与法兰密封可靠性。这种综合考虑结构变形协调的固定管板式热交换器分析方法,显著提升了带法兰固定管板式热交换器的设计水平,对保障设备安全运行具有重要的工程实际意义。
操作过程螺栓内力增量Vb和垫片内力增量VG,可用一个独立的未知内力法兰力矩增量MF来表示,对螺栓圆处取矩。内力素为单位弧长内力,取筒体内径弧,管箱筒体总轴向力:
VH=2πRVh=πR2Pt
MF=πDiMfp=VGlG+VHlD+π4(DG2-Di2)PtlT
VG=1lG[MF-VHlD-π4(DG2-Di2)PtlT]
                 Vb=VG+π4DG2Pt=1lG[MF-VH(lD-lG)-π4(DG2-Di2)Pt(lT-lG)]
操作过程中垫片密封压力增量(减小为负):
ΔσG=VGπDGb
操作过程螺栓应力增量(减小为负):
Δσb=Vb/Ab
预紧垫片密封比压:
σG0=W0πDGb
预紧螺栓应力:
σb0=W0/Ab
操作状态垫片密封压应力:
σG=σG0+ΔσG
操作状态螺栓应力:
σb=σb0+Δσb
校核各种工况下螺栓应力不大于许用应力,管程有压力的4种工况,垫片密封压力不小于2mPt;如不满足密封要求,应加大螺栓总预紧力W0;螺栓强度不够,应加大螺栓总面积Ab;法兰螺栓预紧总力矩与总操作力矩增量之和及预紧总力矩的较大值,大于法兰计算中的M0时,按以上值重新计算法兰。
在管程正压作用下(负压相反),换热管束整体承受轴向压缩载荷。周边区域换热管因承受内压而导致其轴向缩短,同时该区域换热管受到壳程筒体的牵制作用,以及管箱筒体传递的轴向拉力影响,故实际处于受拉状态。当管束中心区域大部分换热管的轴向压缩应力超过其轴向压缩失稳的许用应力时,存在换热管束整体失稳的风险。因此,换热管轴向压缩应力的稳定性校核,应重点关注管程压力作用工况。
在壳程正压作用下(负压相反),换热管束整体承受轴向拉伸载荷。周边区域换热管因承受外压而导致其轴向伸长,而壳程筒体则因承受内压的泊松效应而发生轴向缩短。这种变形差异导致周边换热管受到轴向压力。即使这部分换热管发生压弯失稳,由于换热管自身和壳程筒体的应力具有自限性,通常不会引发换热管束的整体失稳。因此,壳程压力作用工况下,换热管的失稳风险主要在于外压引起的径向失稳(此风险已在外压设计中予以考虑),可无需专门校核其轴向失稳或显著放宽校核要求。
此外,需特别指出,换热管轴向压缩应力的最大值通常出现在周边区域。由于管板弯曲变形的影响,周边换热管往往伴随显著的弯曲变形。若仅依据经典的欧拉压杆失稳理论进行稳定性校核,对于此类周边换热管可能并不适用。其轴向应力主要由换热管与壳程筒体之间的变形不协调诱发,具有显著的二次应力特征和自限性。因此,对周边换热管的轴向压缩应力稳定性要求可适当放宽(至少在计算最外侧换热管中心位置的应力时,可考虑其特殊性,即取Rt-0.5S处,会明显小于Rt处的应力),特别是管程有压力的4种工况,中心区域换热管轴向压缩应力要严格控制。
标准中不考虑热载荷工况,换热管轴向应力不大于许用应力,考虑热载荷工况,换热管轴向应力不大于3倍许用应力,换热管轴向应力大于1.5倍许用应力时,已发生塑性变形,管板的弹性基础板理论不成立,且换热管与管板连接处有弯曲应力。因此,考虑热载荷工况,换热管轴向应力应不大于1.5倍许用应力是合理的(软件中还是不大于3倍许用应力,实际算例中大于1.5倍许用应力的情况很少)。
当管程或壳程压力较高时,在管程压力作用下,换热管轴向受压,环向受拉;在壳程压力作用下,换热管轴向受拉,环向受压,应按第三或第四应力强度计算当量应力,其当量应力均大于轴向应力,第三强度当量应力校核换热管应力不大于许用应力(或1.5倍许用应力)。
由于管板的弯曲使得换热管弯曲,换热管的轴向压缩刚度下降(拉伸刚度上升),不同部位管板的弯曲转角不同,不同部位换热管的轴向刚度不同,管板周边弯曲转角最大,周边换热管轴向刚度下降最大。为分析此现象,将布管区离散化为若干具有不同刚度的同心环弹性基础区域(鉴于中部管板弯曲转角相对较小且变化平缓,可近似视为具有恒定刚度的弹性基础区域)。基于此模型,构建换热器管板的非线性方程组进行计算分析。
换热管压缩许用应力安全系数由2变为1.5,进一步介绍分析设计软件SW7的扩展功能和内容。
GB/T 4732—2024中,固定管板式热交换器增加了壳程筒体端部增设加厚段(同GB/T 151—2026),按标准中给出的计算公式,计算壳程筒体当量热膨胀系数,计算换热管束刚度与壳程筒体当量刚度比Q。但是,何时需要增设加厚段,标准中没有提及,在软件中计算、校核壳程筒体端部的组合应力,当不满足强度要求时,需要增设加厚段(标准未要求,非强制性校核,由设计人员自主判断是否需要进行校核)。此外,对于e2型结构如壳体法兰为高颈法兰时(或e3型结构管板与法兰焊接),法兰颈部考虑为壳程筒体加厚段,大小端厚度的平均值作为加厚段的厚度,颈高作为加厚段的长度。壳程筒体的轴向应力分为中部和端部应力,中部校核膜应力,端部校核膜应力和组合应力(法兰颈部取大端厚度)。
GB/T 4732—2024考虑平封头带法兰e3型结构换热器,按平封头中心有无开孔接管2种结构进行分析计算(有开孔接管结构按本文2.3中有关公式计算)。除输出管板、换热管、壳程筒体、壳程法兰应力外,还输出管箱法兰、平封头周边和中部的应力,并校核其强度(标准未要求,非强制性校核,由设计人员自主判断是否需要进行校核)。
除标准中管板与壳体法兰贴面焊外,增加了管板与壳体法兰嵌入焊结构,按2.4中有关公式计算。当管板与壳体法兰材料不同时,考虑了管板与壳体法兰热变形差的影响,按2.10中有关公式计算,重点分析法兰、螺栓、垫片密封性能的影响,校核管板与壳体法兰连接焊缝的强度。
管板厚度方向温差引起管板的热弯曲变形,对换热器各部件的应力都有影响。要重点关注对螺栓应力、垫片密封性能的影响,热弯曲变形的等效温差Δtp(由工程经验或有限元分析得到)由用户输入(取0不考虑),管板管程侧表面温度高为正,反之为负,按2.9有关公式。
管板和换热管的设计温度,取管、壳程设计温度的较高值,软件中管板的许用应力、弹性模量,(实际上取管、壳程平均设计温度下的数值更为合理)取管板设计温度下的数值,热膨胀系数均取换热管平均温度下的数值。换热管的许用应力、屈服强度、许用压缩应力、弹性模量取换热管设计温度下的数值,计算轴向刚度的弹性模量(标准中有平均温度下的值Etm,但没有用到,用于计算换热管轴向刚度是合理的)和热膨胀系数均取换热管平均温度下的数值。软件中壳程筒体的许用应力、弹性模量(同样是计算轴向刚度取平均温度下的数值更合理,计算弯曲刚度取端部温度下的数值),取壳程设计温度下的数值,热膨胀系数取壳程筒体金属平均温度下的数值。带法兰结构,管箱法兰颈部作为管箱筒体,颈部大小端厚度的平均值作为管箱筒体的厚度,管箱筒体的许用应力、弹性模量,取管程设计温度下的数值。管箱法兰的许用应力、弹性模量,取管程设计温度下的数值。壳程法兰的许用应力、弹性模量,取壳程设计温度下的数值,热膨胀系数取换热管平均温度下的数值。螺栓的许用应力、弹性模量,取螺栓设计温度下的数值,螺栓的常温许用应力、常温弹性模量,取20 ℃下的数值。垫片回弹模量(设计温度下)参考HG/T 20582—2020中第22章《法兰设计的另一方法》计算输入(或用户输入)。
布管区未被换热管支承的面积Ad的定义:分程隔板和拉杆结构所占面积之和。壳程筒体总长度为换热管有效长度。对于管板与壳体法兰贴面焊e2型结构,管板中面与壳体法兰中面的垂直距离e为管板与壳体法兰厚度和的一半。对于e3型结构,平盖中面与管箱法兰中面的垂直距离e"为管箱法兰厚度与平盖厚度差的一半,这2种结构的这两个参数不需输入(软件自动计算)。对于管板与壳体法兰嵌入焊e2型结构(包括e3型结构管板与壳体法兰嵌入焊),要求管板嵌入焊在壳体法兰环部位:δp-δf'≤e≤δf'-δp;管板与壳体法兰环外平齐焊:e=δf'-δp;管板与壳体法兰环内平齐焊,e=δp-δf'(小于0,包括e3型结构)。e3型结构平封头中心开孔直径的确定,接管与平封头:安放式焊接,开孔直径Dk取接管内直径;插入式焊接:Dk取接管外直径。有管箱法兰时,法兰、螺栓、垫片的数据取管箱法兰。没有管箱法兰时(e3型结构),法兰、螺栓、垫片的数据取壳体法兰(e3型结构)。
当软件计算发现垫片不满足密封要求时,采用输入加大的垫片比压力y的方法,提高螺栓预紧载荷。垫片比压力y的最大值,不超过按HG/T 20582—2020中第22章计算的垫片常温最大许用压缩应力Qmax,超过该值则垫片有压垮的可能,应改变垫片材料或密封结构。垫片比压力y的最小值要满足密封要求(对应螺栓最小预紧载荷),最大值作用下垫片应不会压垮,换热器各部件应满足强度要求(对应螺栓最大预紧载荷)。此部分内容呼应文中第1.4节和第2.11节中提出的最小螺栓预紧载荷的概念,建议设计人员在设计文件中明确提出最小螺栓预紧载荷,同时该部分内容标准中未要求,属于参考内容,由设计人员自主判断是否需要进行校核。
为了使工程技术人员对换热器管板和管束应力及各种载荷对法兰、螺栓、垫片密封性能变化规律的影响有深入的了解,计算书中输出换热器设计条件参数,中间过程参数及计算结果。
中间过程参数包括各部件的刚度、换热器各部件内力素方程组系数矩阵、各种工况下载荷系数和各部件内力素。
计算结果包括各种工况下各部件的应力强度值及其评定结论(合格/不合格);管板及换热管关键路径上的应力(如径向应力、周向应力、轴向应力),随半径变化的分布曲线。
当软件判定结构强度或刚度不足,或垫片密封性能不满足要求时,将提供针对性的改进设计建议。例如:若壳程筒体端部区域(与管板连接处)的轴向薄膜应力与弯曲应力之和超标,建议设置壳程筒体端部加厚段;若换热管轴向压缩应力不满足稳定性要求,建议减小折流板间距或增设膨胀节。
对于具备有限元分析能力的设计人员,可根据Mt,H",Vt建立壳程筒体、管程筒体、管板周边不布管区的二维轴对称有限元力学模型,确定壳程筒体和管板连接处,过渡圆弧半径和管程筒体和管板连接处过渡圆弧半径。
根据各种工况的密封要求,输出满足密封要求的最小螺栓预紧载荷,输出各种工况螺栓应力、垫片密封压力(后4种工况均不小于2mPt)。利用输入加大的垫片比压力y,提高螺栓预紧载荷,并计算校核加大螺栓预紧载荷后,换热器各部件的应力,为设计人员提供螺栓最小、最大预紧载荷理论依据。输出各种工况下法兰操作力矩Mp的最大值,当该值大于管箱法兰设计力矩M0时,要按该值重新计算管箱法兰,并输出管箱法兰计算书。
基于GB/T 4732.3—2024《压力容器分析设计 第3部分:公式法》开发固定管板式热交换器分析设计软件,针对标准中尚未涵盖但在工程设计中重要的问题,进行深入的理论探索与模型推导,并成功集成于SW7软件。
(1)扩展力学模型与工程适用性:新增管板嵌入焊结构、平封头中心开孔接管等工程中常见的结构形式,使相关计算模型与工程实际更加吻合,进一步完善标准的适用范围。
(2)实现热载荷的精细化分析:深入考虑管板厚度方向温差引起的热弯曲变形、管板与法兰材料差异导致的变形协调等问题,显著提升复杂热工况下的计算精度与设计可靠性。
(3)创新的提出换热设备法兰螺栓预紧载荷的单一性:基于法兰-螺栓-垫片系统的变形协调关系,提出满足多工况密封需求的最小螺栓预紧载荷确定方法,从根本上改变以往“不同工况不同预紧力”的不合理假设。
(4)引入非线性分析新方法:针对管板弯曲导致周边换热管轴向压弯刚度下降现象,创新性地提出变刚度弹性基础板模型,通过将布管区离散为具有不同刚度的同心环区域,并进行非线性方程组求解,更真实地揭示管板与换热管在复杂载荷下的耦合作用机理,这是对传统线性弹性基础板理论的重要突破。
(5)强化系统的应力评定体系:补充管箱与壳程筒体端部、平封头等关键部位的应力计算与校核,明确换热管稳定性校核的优先工况,以及在双向应力状态下的强度理论选用原则,为结构完整性评估与优化设计提供更全面、科学的判据。
SW7软件的开发,不仅是对GB/T 4732—2024的程序化实现,更是对标准内容的有益补充、深化和工程化拓展。目前,SW7软件试用版已发布,诚挚期待广大用户在实际工程应用中,对其进行检验与反馈。这些来自实践的真知灼见,必将为推动我国分析设计标准的持续完善与行业技术水平的整体进步,注入源源不断的动力。

参考文献 引证文献
排序方式:
1
GARDNER K A.Heat‑exchanger tube‑sheet design [J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1948,15(4):377-385.
2
GARDNER K A.Heat‑exchanger tube‑sheet design—2:Fixed tubesheets[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1952,19(2):159-166.
3
GARDNER K A.Heat‑exchanger tube‑sheet design—3:U‑tube and bayonet‑tube sheets[J].Journal of Applied Mechanics,1960,27(1):25-33.
4
MILLER K A G.The design of tube plates in heat exchangers[J].Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1953,167(1):215-231.
5
DUNCAN J P.The structural efficiency of tube‑plates for heat exchangers[J].Proceedings of The Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1955,169(1):789-810.
6
DUNCAN J P.Quasi‑theoretical method for calculating the rigidity of multi‑pass tube plates[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science,1964,6(2):173-190.
7
黄克智,薛明德,李世玉,等,关于管壳式热交换器管板设计规定的分析[J].化工与通用机械,1979(12):19-33.
HUANG K Z,XUE M D,LI S Y,et al.Analysis of design regulations for tubesheets of shell-and-tube heat exchangers[J].Chemical Engineering & General Machinery,1979(12):19-33.
8
黄克智,薛明德,李世玉.固定式热交换器管板应力的一种建议计算方法[J],机械工程学报,1980,16(2):1-23.
HUANG K C,XUE M D,LI S Y.A proposed method of stress analysis on fixed tubesheets of heat exchangers[J].Journal of Mechanical Engineering,1980,16(2):1-23.
9
薛明德,李世玉,吴坚,等.我国国家标准中NEN型固定式热交换器管板常规设计方法与分析设计法的比较[J].压力容器,2025,42(5):56-65.
XUE M D,LI S Y,WU J,et al.A comparison between conventional design method and analytical design method for tubesheets of NEN‑type fixed heat exchangers in Chinese national standards[J].Pressure Vessel Technology,2025,42(5):56-65.
10
李超,王林,陈永东,等.解析GB/T 151不带法兰固定管板计算公式和图表[J].化工设备与管道,2022,59(2):9-15.
LI C,WANG L,CHEN Y D,et al.Analysis of equations and charts in GB/T 151 for calculation of fixed tubesheet without extension for flange[J].Process Equipment & Piping,2022,59(2):9-15.
11
李超,王林,陈永东,等.解析GB 151管板延长部分兼作法兰固定管板计算图表[J].化工设备与管道,2022,59(6):18-24.
LI C,WANG L,CHENG Y D,et al.Resolution of calculation chart for fixed tubesheet extended with flange[J].Process Equipment & Piping,2022,59(6):18-24.
2026年第43卷第3期
PDF下载
137
48
引用本文
BibTeX
文章信息
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4837.2026.03.006
  • 接收时间:2025-06-13
  • 首发时间:2026-10-23
  • 出版时间:2026-03-30
补充材料
相关文章
文章信息
作者
出版历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-13
  • 修回日期:2025-11-06
基金
作者信息
    合肥通用机械研究院有限公司 传热技术与装备研究所,合肥 230031
参考文献
分享链接
https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/ylrq/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1001-4837.2026.03.006
分享至
全文二维码

扫描看全文

引用本文
BibTeX
本文的引用情况
2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
关闭全屏